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Masonry Homes Construction Manual PDF
Masonry Homes Construction Manual PDF
Masonry Homes Construction Manual PDF
March 2009
Masonry Homes
Construction ManuaL
Timeless elegance , today’s technology
The look that only solid masonry can deliver… Safer, healthier homes…
Masonry homes provide New Zealanders with the age Naturally solid masonry homes are completely fire
old benefits of solid masonry construction, along with resistant and they are also healthier. One of the problems
the strength, simplicity and good looks of a modern with “well sealed” light timber frame houses that rely on
building method. keeping heated or cooled air inside, is the condensation
that builds up from cooking, showering, even breathing –
Many building technologies try to imitate the solid good the major benefit with masonry construction is that it is
looks of masonry construction. Firth masonry provides durable and will not rot. Because comfort temperatures
the components that deliver the real thing - from solid are achieved through radiant heat from masonry walls,
walls, to a range of interior and exterior finishes to suit Firth masonry can provide homes with better ventilation.
every taste. Firth masonry products will provide enduring This means that the low humidity environment possible
quality and looks for a masonry home, all for not much in a masonry home can lead to a lower number of
more than you would pay for a home built using a dust mites and consequently reduce the incidence of
lightweight imitation system. asthma.
Schedule Method
Calculation Method
2000
1200 800
1900
1.12 Openings
Masonry lintels consist of a reinforcing cage within a
masonry shell (usually 190mm or 390mm deep). These
can span relatively large distances. For most situations,
masonry lintels will suffice and the tables in NZS
4229:1999 detail the reinforcing requirements. However,
where the lintel falls outside the scope of that Standard,
(i.e. the load acting on the lintel being too great for the
particular span), the lintel can be constructed from cast
insitu reinforced concrete or with a precast beam such
as Interspan. Both of these types will require specific
engineering design.
2.1 Conventional footings specific design details, but also contains details that will
Conventional footings consist either of strip (or ring) assist a designer in carrying out a specific design of a
footings or edge-thickened slab. Strip footings are made RibRaft® floor.
up of a small masonry wall (typically one or two courses) A basic overview and step-by-step construction guide
supported on a footing strip in an excavated trench. is provided in the Firth RibRaft® Flooring Solutions
This footing strip can vary in width upward from 300mm brochure. For an in-depth explanation of the non-specific
depending on the design of the house. Edge thickened construction and design issues associated with RibRaft®
slabs combine the footing strip and slab into one without construction see the RibRaft® Manual.
the need for a masonry footing wall. The edges of the
The RibRaft® system is most economic on flat sites but
concrete floor slab are thickened to support the building
there is also a range of details available to allow RibRaft®
walls. Both types of footings require excavation and are
to be used on a sloping site. The use of these alternative
therefore weather dependent.
details require specific design.
Following completion of the excavation of the footings
The non-specific design consists of an 85mm thick top
trench or trenches, the reinforcement steel needs to
slab supported by a grid of ribs normally 100mm wide
be placed in accordance with the job drawings. The
at a maximum spacing of 1200mm x 1200mm centres.
stirrups are then tied to the main bars. NZS 3604 sets
The overall depth is 305mm. Edge beams and ribs under
out the minimum cover requirements for steel in various
loadbearing walls are 300mm wide to provide for the
scenarios.
extra load carried by these members. Construction is
When the concrete is poured for the footings, it is very directly on levelled ground covered with a DPM (damp
critical that the concrete is placed in such a manner to proof membrane).
avoid segregation (separation) of the concrete or changes
Polystyrene waffle pods 1100mm square and 220mm
to the location of the reinforcement. For construction
thick are placed directly on levelled ground. These are
details refer to Section 14.
arranged in such a way that a reinforced concrete floor
2.2 RibRaft® slab with a grid of reinforced concrete ribs and edge
beams is formed when concrete is placed onto them.
This system combines the footing and concrete floor into
Pods may be cut to suit specific layout architecture and
one and is one of New Zealand’s most effective residential
also to accommodate services.
and light commercial flooring solutions.
The RibRaft® Manual can be obtained from Firth through
Firth Information Service on 0800 800 576 or through
www.firth.co.nz. This document covers not only the non-
Unit
Stage 1
As laid wet
Unit
Unit
Stage 2
Evaporation of water from the formwork in place with wire ties around the base of
mortar creates crack the vertical steel. This will allow the blockfill to finish
flush with the outside face of the blocks. It is important to
Unit
ensure that the formwork is braced adequately to prevent
blow out under grout pressure. Often small gaps are left
in the formwork at the washouts to allow the blockfill to
Unit
Stage 3
flow out. These are to confirm that the blockfill has fully
Tooling in semi-hard condition filled the wall and are plugged once confirmation has
remoulds the mortar and
eliminates the crack been made.
Temporary Supports
Often it is necessary to support lintels with timber
significant risk. It is important to take some measures to
framing (props) until the blockfill has gained sufficient
brace the wall in order to prevent its premature failure.
strength. Refer to the photograph above right.
Typically bracing at 3m centres is recommended in line
3.7 Temporary bracing on both sides of the wall.
The need for temporary bracing of the masonry wall Bracing may also be required to ensure that the pressure
during construction is often overlooked (see photograph from the blockfilling operation does not alter the wall
above). An unfilled wall is very susceptible to failure from positions. This is particularly critical on tall narrow
strong winds. Typically walls over 1m in height are at sections of walls. The blockfill procedure creates large
hydrostatic pressures and where there is little blockwork
to resist, it will force blocks to move, some-times even
causing face shells of blocks to be blown out.
It is vital that a blockfill mix is used and not a standard 4.2.1 High lift grouting with expansive admixture
concrete mix. The blockfill is far more fluid and will flow This allows pours up to 3.6m in height and uses an
to all required parts of the wall, whereas the standard admixture to provide expansion after placement of
concrete mix is comparatively stiff. As the cores of the the grout and before initial set occurs. The expansion
block are relatively small, the standard concrete mix is compensates for water loss and plastic settlement.
prone to blocking the cores and not filling the lower parts Grout is placed in the cells in a semi continuous operation
of the wall. Watering down of a standard concrete mix allowing for consolidation as work proceeds.
should never be done, as it reduces the concrete strength
and increases the amount of shrinkage. Firth blockfill 4.2.2 The low lift grouting method
is designed to have the required strength and to flow This is similar to the high lift with expansive admixture
easily into the cores to be filled. Grouting must always be method but allows the blockfill to solidify fully before the
carried out by a competent experienced professional. next lift is placed. Maximum height of pour is 1.2m per
lift. Again the blockfill should be mechanically vibrated
4.1 Filling Options
into place.
There are two types of grouting that are in common design.
4.2.3 High lift with reduced compaction
Partial Filling
This is grouting the wall to a maximum height of 2.4m in
This is where only the vertical cores containing
a continuous pour, with thorough mechanical vibration
reinforcement and the bond beam are filled with blockfill.
during the pour.
All others cores are left empty. This is common where
the weight of the wall is required to be kept to a minimum 4.3 Vibration of Blockfill
usually because of earthquake loads. This is the cheaper
It is strongly recommended that all blockfill be placed
option in terms of materials as less concrete is used but
in combination with mechanical vibration. Failing this,
is more difficult to achieve on site. There are many
the walls should at least be rodded with a bar 16mm in
methods for blocking off the cores that are not to be filled.
diameter or greater to ensure the blockfill has reached
Two common methods are using the knock-in ‘biscuits’
all parts of the wall (see photograph below). Where
from the bond beam units and laying them over the cores
services have been installed in the wall, it is critical to
or using dampcourse laid across the hollow cores in
ensure blockfill has made it past these intrusions.
order to prevent the blockfill entering them.
4.4 Filling Under Windows
Solid Filling
This is where the whole wall is filled with blockfill, A simple method for ensuring that the blockfill gets into
creating one solid mass. This is used where the design the required cores under window openings is to leave
specified for horizontal steel other than in the bond beam out one or more sill blocks. The pump operator can then
(usually at half-height of the wall), or where the simplest grout from the sill and once complete, the sill blocks can
construction approach is preferred. The hydrostatic be mortared back into place.
pressures when solid filling a wall can be quite
significant, and time should be allowed for the lower half
of the wall to solidify slightly before filling the upper part
of the wall. In the unlikely event of a fire, a solid filled wall
will provide additional protection to the polystyrene in a
HotBloc® unit.
600
Less than
6m 3.2m max.
3.2m max.
3.2m max.
Control joints
Less than
6m
Suspended concrete floors differ from timber floors in 6.3 Prestressed Flat Slab Flooring System
many ways. They are quieter, stronger, provide greater Prestressed Flat Slabs come as 240mm or 1200mm wide
fire protection, and where large spans are required or and 75mm thick (other widths are possible if required).
where supporting walls are retaining fill, are usually The topping depth varies from 75mm – 130mm. Props
cheaper. Most builders are impressed with the speed of as required on the suppliers drawing must be in place
installation of a suspended concrete flooring system. before the slabs are placed.
6.1 Types of Concrete Floors
There are two types of suspended concrete floors. One
being precast and the other being steel “tray”. Both of
these are placed on the supporting walls and a topping
slab of concrete is then poured. This manual will focus
on precast flooring systems, as they are more common.
For information on the tray type of system, contact
Section of Beam Infill Floor
Dimond Industries. The main types of precast flooring
systems used in a structural masonry system are Flat
Slabs, or Rib and Infill systems. They can accommodate 6.4 Rib and Infill Flooring System
clear spans of up to approximately 8m. Manufacturers The Rib and Infill system comes as a series of beams
can provide an engineering service as part of the supply 200mm wide by 100mm (usually) placed at 800mm
of these units. If there are any technical questions about centres. Timber planks are placed between the beams
these floors, contact your nearest manufacturer or www. to act as permanent formwork for the concrete topping.
precastnz.org.nz Props as required on the suppliers drawing must be in
place before the 200mm wide ribs are placed.
The precast concrete floors are connected to walls by
starter bars extending from the wall, and cast into the 6.5 Construction Considerations
topping concrete. The flooring units should only be placed
Concrete floor units are heavy, so suitable lifting
after the Blockfill has been poured and allowed to set.
equipment will be required, in the form of a crane or a
6.2 Flooring Systems Hiab. Site access is a consideration, the further away
from the building the crane has to park, the larger it has
Both these flooring systems below are designed to
to be. However, in most residential situations the sites
be composite floors made up of prestressed concrete
can be serviced with a Hiab.
panels/beams with a concrete topping poured on site. The
units are available in lengths to suit the project design 6.6 Placing the Units
and must be placed as per the construction drawings
It is important to place the flooring units as required
prepared by the supplier. The units are uniquely identified
by the precast manufacturers drawings. Seating on
for this purpose.
blockwork is important. Too much seating on one end
These systems are also designed to span between will mean not enough at the other, causing an overload
supporting walls. As such, the units are deliberately of the supporting walls in compression. A good way to
made discontinuous over concrete walls. The topping is allow easy movement of the units once in place is to
continuous across the entire floor. Timber walls should use a plastic bearing strip. This allows the units to be
not be load bearing under concrete suspended floors and located accurately before the topping is poured, as the
should never be used to support either of these flooring units can be shifted on the plastic instead of damaging
systems. the blockwork and/or units themselves. Once the topping
is poured everything is locked in place.
6.12 Balconies
It is beyond the scope of this document to provide detailing
for balconies.
Balconies are to be specifically designed by the precast
floor manufacture and engineer.
7.1 Locations of Services wires, install boxes and other fixtures. In partially filled
Methods of installing plumbing and electrical lines masonry, good planning will see the services installed in
depend on whether they are run through, within or a hollow core of the block wall.
alongside the concrete masonry wall. Penetrations are
7.2 Electrical
necessary primarily to allow services to pass directly
through the wall. Lines that run parallel to the wall can The location of all electrical fittings needs to be confirmed
reside either within the masonry cores themselves or in prior to grouting. Electrical cable is usually run through
the cavity created if the wall is to be strapped and lined. PVC conduit that has been placed inside the block wall
Any openings required in the face shell shall be formed prior to grouting. It is not good practice to place more
with drills and saws. The use of hammers can crack than one conduit within a single vertical core that is to be
adjacent block faces and/or disturb mortar joints, both of filled with grout.
which can then leak. The length of conduit and the number of bends should be
kept to a minimum so as to not affect the installation of
Penetrations
the cables within the conduit. With long, twisting conduits
Holes penetrating straight through a concrete masonry the friction can make it difficult to pull the wires/cables
wall can be created as the wall is assembled or after through.
assembly. During construction holes are left in the
The locations of the flush boxes should be marked out
designated locations by cutting sections of the blocks
on the masonry wall prior to grouting. Then the face
before they are laid. An alternative is to drill through the
shell of the masonry block is cut out or drilled out and
wall after wall assembly. The advantage of this is that
the conduit is placed within the core of the masonry wall
the blocklaying is uninterrupted and allows for delays
extending out the wall at the location of the flush box.
in deciding precise locations for the penetrations. With
The hole is then sealed around the conduit and the wall
either method, it is important to avoid the masonry webs
is then grouted. Once the wall is grouted, the face of the
and to seal around the holes before blockfilling.
masonry unit can be cut for the installation of the flush
Services within Masonry Cores box.
If the interior of the wall is to be plastered or left exposed, In this photograph, the flush box is visible in the finished
the services must be placed within the cores of the wall. wall. Switchplate fixing is identical to that on a timber
Provision must be made for the services as the masonry frame wall.
is installed. Either the blocklayer or the service installer
will make cut-outs in the block face shells where the 7.3 Plumbing
electrical flush boxes and other service mounts will be Consideration needs to be given to upstairs bathroom
fixed. After the wall is completed, the electrician will pull facilities and their location relative to external walls.
9.1 Top Plate to the roofing members. The straps are positioned in the
blockfill at the design locations of the roofing members.
This is the most common approach where a wooden
plate is installed along the top of the wall and the roofing The roof is built on top of the wall with each strap nailed
members attach to it conventionally. Anchor bolts hold to its representative member.
In general the most critical aspect of masonry Details which employ these principles are summarized
construction is the installation of windows. If a house is in two publications-
going to leak, it is most likely to be caused by inadequate
• C
oncrete Masonry- a guide to weathertight
sealing around window frames. Masonry homes are just
construction, available for free download from the
as prone to leaking around windows as any other home if
NZ Concrete Masonry Associations website
incorrect installation techniques are used.
www.nzcma.org.nz
The Architect or Designer should carefully select a sealing
• W
eathertight Solutions Volume 4- Masonry, details for
and coating system from a reputable manufacturer. The
junctions and openings in masonry walls. Available
directions of that manufacturer should be carefully
from Branz.”
followed, at all times.
An illustration of a typical construction sequence is as
The four “D’s” for weather tightness design are,
follows.
deflection, drainage, drying and durability. Penetrations
through masonry walls may employ the D’s by- Flush any block joints around the window opening with
mortar. This removes any recesses in the surface that
1. ‘deflection’ are building elements that shelter the wall would require excess sealant to be applied.
or divert water away from critical junctions such as
eaves, drip moulds and sealants.
External waterproofing systems are one of the most Once sufficient drying has occurred the exterior coating
critical aspects of the construction and also have a large should be applied as soon as practical to prevent further
visual impact. Coating of a masonry home is a simple moisture entering the masonry.
process but there are a few areas that need special
attention before applying the coating. 11.2 Cleaning Blockwork
Ensure the blockwork is clean and free from surplus
11.1 Dry Blockwork mortar/grout. All mortar joints should be free from
Before coating, the blockwork must be dry. AS/NZS dags and blocks should have smooth clean surfaces. A
2311:2000 provides a guideline for recommended common practice is to brush the surface of the wall down
drying times for recently constructed masonry. The with a wire brush or rub a piece of masonry on it to clean
recommended times are 8 weeks for solid-filled the wall.
construction and 4 weeks for partial-filled construction.
11.3 Application
Wet concrete masonry units shrink when drying. This
It is strongly recommended that an accredited applicator
movement is minute but is still significant if a brittle
of the coating chosen for the job is hired. They have the
coating (such as plaster) is applied to wet blocks.
“know how” and can deal with problems, if they arise,
Cracking is likely to occur in the plaster due to the block
better than anyone. The accredited applicator normally
movement.
has the manufacturer’s guarantee as support should
The following conditions have the most influence on anything go wrong.
shrinking:
It is vitally important to follow the coating manufacturers’
• Masonry units stored on site and not covered are laid application instructions. Incorrect application may lead
wet. to the coating not providing the waterproofing expected.
• Signficant rainfall occurring during blocklaying In multicoated systems, do not change from one brand to
(especially during winter). another from one layer to the next. Each manufacturer
will have ensured that reaction occurs with the mixing of
• Insufficient time to allow drying prior to applying the
their products. This cannot always be guaranteed when
coating.
products from different manufacturers are mixed.
13.4 Plasterboard
Blockwork with GIB® plasterboard glued directly to the
masonry is a quick and economic method of coating
the walls. This gives the GIB® plasterboard wall a
much more solid feel as there is no cavity and ensures
that that thermal mass befits of solid construction are
maintained.
This method does rely on a well maintained external
waterproof coating.
Consult your GIB® plasterboard supplier to determine
Paint over bare blockwork is a relatively low cost solution. when the glue fixed GIB® plasterboard method should be
This provides a uniform colour to the wall and still allows used.
the mortar joints to be seen. It is important that the walls
are as dry as possible before applying the paint. If any
excess moisture is trapped, it is likely to bubble the paint
over time. In order to hide the block lines, a high-build
elastomeric coating with a levelling coat can be used.
This section illustrates typical construction details. Weathertight Solution Volume 4 produced by BRANZ.
Other sources of information include – This document provides numerous illustrations of
details to ensure weathertightness. This document is
NZS 4229 which provides details on retaining walls,
available from BRANZ as a hard copy or a CD containing
foundations, bond beams and wall to floor and wall to
CAD drawings.
roof details.
Firth HotBloc ®
Interior plaster/finish as
specified
Exterior plaster/finish as specified
with applied waterproof coating
Horizontal reinforcement
min.lap
HD12
665 mesh
305mm
Notes: 300
x Refer to NZS 4229 or specific design for Sand blinding
masonry wall reinforcement details.
2HD12 Vapour barrier
x Refer to specific design for dimension &
reinforcing of RibRaft ® floor system.
Firth RibRaft® polystyrene pod installation in
accordance to Firth RibRaft® construction details
Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth RibRaft Floor System products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:10
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Standard Edge Beam Detail constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
Slab Foundation With Insulation advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 100_standard_edge .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 100
25
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Strip Footing Detail Detail:102_strip_footing
Firth HotBloc ® Interior plaster/finish as
specified
Polystyrene
min.lap
cavity
100mm slab
Ground
Clearance D12
per E2/AS1
See Note
Note: D12 ties @ 600 ctrs.
Refer to NZS 4229:1999 or specific (lap 600 min.)
design for dimension, reinforcing, and
ground clearances Damp proof membrane
insulation
See Note
See Note
® Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:10
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Strip Footing Detail constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 102_strip_footing .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 102
Horizontal reinforcement
min.lap
(except sea spray zones 25MPa)
Ground
D12
clearence
See
Note
per E2/AS1
See Note
200 x 200 haunch
See Note
See Note
Note
Refer to NZS 4229 or specific design for dimension, reinforcing, and ground clearances
® Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:10
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Edge Thickened Slab Detail constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 103_edge_thickened .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 103
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Basement Detail:104_basement
Interior plaster/finish as specified
Exterior plaster/finish as specified with applied
waterproof coating Vertical reinforcing central to cavity
Box and form upstand for wall above as
Polystyrene required
Mesh size appropriate to topping thickness
Firth HotBloc ®
Varies with span and loading
Precast flooring
Optional surface Starters D12@600 cts.
water channel (lap 600 min.) Block wall grouted to this level before
placing precast flooring
HotBloc® bond-beam Bedding: Mortar seating for precast flooring
Base course
75mm end Seating
Interior plaster/finish as
specified
Concrete masonry
Granular drainage metal
100mm rebate
® Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:20
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Basement constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 104_basement .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 104
® Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:10
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Sample Residential Construction constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 200_sample_resident .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 200
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Typical Lintel & Bond Beam Detail:201_typical_lintel
Firth HotBloc ®
® Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:10
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Typical Lintel & Bond Beam constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 201_typical_lintel .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 201
Roofing underlay
Birdsmouth
Sealant
D.P.C. Selected trim
Holding bolts
Polystyrene insulation
Notes:
1. Reinforcement not shown for clarity
2. Fix rafter to top plate with approved mechanical fix
3. Refer clause E2/AS1 section 8 of the NZ Building Code for full weathertightness
detailing of the roof structure and eaves
® Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:10
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Sloping Soffit and Ceiling constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 300_sloping_soffit .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 300
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Horizontal Soffit And Ceiling Detail:301_horizontal_soff
Roofing underlay
Insulation.
Ceiling
Sealant Selected trim
Holding bolts
Firth Hotbloc ®
Notes:
1. Reinforcement not shown for clarity
2. Fix truss to top plate with approved mechanical fix
3. Refer clause E2/AS1 section 8 of the NZ Building Code for full weathertightness
detailing of the roof structure and eaves
® Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:10
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Horizontal Soffit And Ceiling constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 301_horizontal_soff .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 301
Roofing underlay
200x50 timber plate
Selected trim
D.P.C.
Holding bolts
Polystyrene insulation
Exterior plaster finish as specified
Interior plaster/finish as
with applied waterproofing
specified
Firth HotBloc
Notes:
1. Reinforcement not shown for clarity
2. Fix truss/rafter to top plate with approved mechanical fix
3. Refer clause E2/AS1 section 8 of the NZ Building Code for full weathertightness
detailing of the roof structure and eaves
® Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:10
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Gable End Connection constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 302_gable_end_con .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 302
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Sarked Celing Over Rafters Detail:303_sarked_ceiling
Insulation
Roofing underlay
Timber plate
Birdsmouth
Sarked ceiling
Sealant
D.P.C.
Interior plaster/finish as
Holding bolts specified
Polystyrene insulation
Exterior plaster/finish as specified
with applied waterproof coating
Firth HotBloc ®
Notes:
1. Reinforcement not shown for clarity
2. Fix rafter to top plate with approved mechanical fix
3. Refer clause E2/AS1 section 8 of the NZ Building Code for full weathertightness
detailing of the roof structure and eaves
Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2008 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:10
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of 17 October 2008
Sarked Celing Over Rafters constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 303_sarked_ceiling .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 303
Roofing underlay
Timber plate
Insulation
Sealant
Ceiling
Notes:
1. Reinforcement not shown for clarity
2. Fix truss to top plate with approved mechanical fix
3. Refer clause E2/AS1 section 8 of the NZ Building Code for full weathertightness
detailing of the roof structure and eaves
® Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:10
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Sloping Soffit With Horizontal Trusses constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 304_sloping_soffit .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 304
Roofing underlay
75x50 nog
Ceiling
Sealant
D.P.C.
Holding bolts
Polystyrene insulation
Firth HotBloc ®
Notes:
1. Reinforcement not shown for clarity
2. Fix truss to top plate with approved mechanical fix
3. Refer clause E2/AS1 section 8 of the NZ Building Code for full weathertightness
detailing of the roof structure and eaves
® Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:10
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Truss Roof Fixing With Top Plate constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 305_truss_roof_fix .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 305
36
37
Internal Gutter On Parapet Wall Detail:401_internal_gutter
Building wrap Bevelled top plate to provide fall
DPC
Top flashing
Apply proprietary waterproofing
70mm cover from membrane to blockwork prior to
block top plaster
Waterproof membrane on
plywood base Flexible paintable sealer High build acrylic
Exterior plaster/finish as paint system
specified with applied
Plaster
waterproof coating
® Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:10
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Internal Gutter On Parapet Wall constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 401_internal_gutter .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 401
75 min
specified with applied durability section Plaster
waterproof coating
Polystyrene
insulation D.P.C.
® Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:10
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Parapet Wall Waterproofing constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 400_parapet_wall .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 400
38
39
Precast Flooring Deck Waterproofing Detail Detail:402_precast_deck
Building wrap Bevelled top plate to provide fall
DPC
Top flashing
Apply proprietary waterproofing
70mm cover from membrane to blockwork prior to
block top plaster
Vertical reinforcing
Chase cut (see detail)
Exterior plaster/finish as
specified with applied
Apply proprietary waterproofing Flexible paintable High build acrylic
waterproof coating
membrane to concrete surface sealer paint system
and blockwork upstand
Mortar seating for Plaster
precast flooring
Polystyrene insulation
Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2008 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:10
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of 17 October 2008
Precast Flooring Deck Waterproofing Detail constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 402_precast_deck .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 402
20
Flexible paintable sealer
Roofing underlay turned High build acrylic
Metal flashing note: stainless paint system
up behind flashing
may be required, see NZS 3604
75 min
Interior plaster/finish as durability section Plaster
specified Roof cladding
Purlin
Masonry units Flashing
Note:
x Reinforcement not shown for clarity.
x Bolt details as per NZS4229
® Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:10
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Cross-section Wall To Roof Junction constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 403_cross-section .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 403
40
41
Window Head And Sill Detail Detail:501_window_head
Rebated block
Exterior plaster/finish as
specified with applied water
proof coating
Internal finish as specified
Applied waterproof membrane
50
For plaster finish, form a drip
edge
Backing rod
® Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:5
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Window Head And Sill Detail constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 501_window_head .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 501
Rebated block
Exterior plaster/finish as
specified with applied Selected aluminium sliding door
waterproof coating section
5 10
(paint coating) with 50mm cover
to block face Rebate to suit
sill profile
50
5mm min
Firth HotBloc ®
® Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:5
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Sliding/French Door Details constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
On Conventional Footing advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 503_sliding_french .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 503
42
43
Window Head And Sill Detail Detail:502_window_head
Rebated block
Internal finish as specified Exterior plaster/finish as
specified with applied water
Backing rod proof coating
® Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:5
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Window Head And Sill Detail constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 502_window_head .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 502
Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth Grey Masonry products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:5
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Interior Door Jamb/head Details constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 505_interior_door .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 505
44
45
Meter Box Detail:506_meter_box
Exterior plaster/finish as
specified
Rebate block
Firth concrete masonry
Selected Interior finish
Water proof coating
Backing rod
Metal angle
Ecofoam around all sides of
meter box to form airseal
QRWWRVFDOH
Metal meter box
® Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:5
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Meter Box constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 506_meter_box .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 506
Exterior plaster/finsh as
specified
Waterproof coating
Pipe penetration to
be sealed with tape
to building wrap
® Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2009 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Firth HotBloc products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:5
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of February 2009
Pipe Penetration constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 507_pipe_penetrate .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 507
46
47
Precast Flooring Intermediate Support Detail:601_precast_interm
75 precast flooring
Disclaimer: This information is intended solely as a guide for use of Firt h © 2008 . The copyright of this document is www.firth.co.nz
Precast Flooring products. Before using a Firth product you should ensure that the product is the property of Firth and shall not be Scale 1:10
suitable for use in the specific application. Nothing in this information reproduced, copied, loaned or disposed of 17 October 2008
Precast Flooring Intermediate Support constitutes a statement of fitness for particular purpose - appropriate expert directly, or indirectly, nor used for any
advice should always be obtained. Firth makes no warranty regarding the use purpose other than that for which it is
For Technical Advice: Ph. 0800 800 576 601_precast_interm .dwg of this information with non-Firth product. specifically furnished without prior consent. 601
This Manual has been prepared by Fletcher Concrete & Infrastructure Limited trading as Firth as part of its Firth
Industries Division (“Firth”), solely to provide general information on Masonry Construction and not as specific advice
to any particular recipient or person. Notwithstanding the contents of this Manual, Masonry Construction should be
undertaken in accordance with the New Zealand Building Code, all relevant statutory and regulatory requirements and
all relevant New Zealand Standards. Any person contemplating the construction of a structural masonry home should
carry out their own investigations and inquiries as to their specific requirements.
The information contained in this Manual is believed to be correct at the time it was prepared but no representation
or warranty, expressed or implied (other than as may be implied by law) is made by Firth, its officers, employees or
agents as to its accuracy, reliability or completeness.
To the fullest extent permitted by law, Firth excludes all liability for:
• any negligent misstatement, error or omission in relation to the information and/or recommendations contained in
this Manual; and
• any damages, losses, costs, or expenses including, without limitation, direct, indirect, special or consequential
damages (including but not limited to damages arising from negligence) arising from or in connection to with any
access to, use of or reliance on the contents of this manual.
Further, successful Masonry Construction is dependent upon numerous factors outside Firth’s control – for example,
quality of workmanship, particular design requirements and non-Firth products etc. Firth will not be liable in relation
to any of these factors.
Firth is not under any obligation to update any information and/or recommendations contained in this Manual or to
notify any person should any such information and/or recommendations cease to be correct after the date this Manual
is published.
If you are using this Manual for business purposes, you agree that the provisions of the Consumer Guarantees Act
1993 will not apply, to the extent that contracting out is permitted by that Act.
HotBloc® and RibRaft® are registered trademarks of Fletcher Building Ltd or its subsidiaries.
References
Various portions of this Manual were prepared with the assistance of CCANZ, NCMA, and NZCMA. The three documents
used were “The New Zealand Concrete Masonry Manual” from the Cement and Concrete Association of New Zealand,
“ResTek2” from the National Concrete Masonry Association from the USA and “Concrete Masonry – a Guide to
Weathertight Construction” produced by BRANZ and funded by the Department of Building and Housing, Building
Research and NZCMA Inc.
Available in