Sofia Iadipaolo

NAME ____________________

CHAPTER 13 STUDY GUIDE – BIO 1

DEFINITIONS

1. Transcription
changes the message from DNA to RNA

2. Translation
genetic code from mRNA to amino acids

3. Codon
it codes for amino acid, it is also matched
by tRNA bring amino acid to ribosome
4. Anticodon
a sequence of three nucleotides forming
a unit of genetic code
IMPORTANT IDEAS

5. What are the 3 types of RNA? What do they do and what do they look like?
mRNA- (messenger) looks like half a DNA
rRNA- (ribosomal) looks like a blob with mRNA in it
tRNA-(transfer) looks like a key with the code attached to it
6. How is it possible for an amino acid to be called for by more than one codon?
because certain codones have the same outputs

7. What is a mutation?
a mutation is a change in the DNA sequence.
shifting everything over a causing it to change

8. What is the difference between a point mutation and a chromosomal mutation?

chromosomal mutation can cause down
syndrome and point mutation is less serious
and only causes small changes

9. Explain gene regulation in eukaryotes. How are genes regulated/expressed?

by repressors and transcriptional activators. they
bind to specific DNA and transcription
10. Why do cells have different functions? HOW do they have different functions?
 NAME ____________________

CHAPTER 13 STUDY GUIDE – BIO 1

11. How is pre-mRNA converted to final mRNA?
spliceosomes cut introns out of pre-RNA. exons
put back together and cap and tail them.

12. Explain the similarities and differences between RNA & DNA.
DNA RNA BOTH
~ double stranded ~single stranded ~store genetic info
~ storing and transferring ~ directly codes for amino acids ~large biological polymers
genetic info ~acts like a messenger ~consist of sugar, nitrogen bases, etc
13. Be able to transcribe and translate a molecule of DNA.

Replication Transcription Translation

DNA or RNA product? DNA RNA RNA

Single or double double stranded double stranded single stranded

stranded product?

Where does this take in the cytoplasm of in the nucleus different cellular
place? prokaryotes and in the compartments
nucleus of eukaryotes