BDwbU 3 ag© `k©b

f‚wgKv

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jvf K‡i| G m‡½ a‡g©i e¨envwiK w`KwUI we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z nq| Ck¦i Dcvmbv, Ávb, Kg©,
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DwjøwLZ welqmg~‡ni msw¶ß cwiPq Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|

Av‡jvPbvi myweav‡_© GB BDwbUwU‡K †gvU cuvPwU cv‡V fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cvV¸‡jv n‡”Q:

cvV- 3.1: ag©ZË¡

cvV- 3.2: Ck¦iZË¡
cvV- 3.3: AeZvi
cvV- 3.4: Dcvmbv c×wZ: Kg© I Ávb
cvV- 3.5: Dcvmbv c×wZ: fw³ I †hvMmvabv
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV 3.1 ag©ZË¡

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV ‡k‡l Avcwb−

ag© wK Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

a‡g©i mvaviY j¶Y I we‡kl j¶Y e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

ag© Abykxj‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Avc×g© m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

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m¤úbœ ZvB ag©| cÖ‡Z¨K e¯ÍziB wbR¯^ ag© i‡q‡Q| †hgb DËvc I Av‡jv AwMœi ag©| GB
DËvc I Av‡jv bó n‡j AwMœi Aw¯ÍZ¡ _v‡K bv| gvby‡liI GKwU ag© Av‡Q, ‡mwU n‡jv
gbyl¨Z¡| gbyl¨Z¡ _vK‡jB gvbyl h_v_© gvbyl, Zv bv _vK‡j Zv‡K h_v_© gvbyl ejv hv‡e bv|
†m n‡e gbyl¨ AvK„wZi GKcÖKvi cÖvYx| GLb gvby‡li ag© ev gbyl¨Z¡ ej‡Z kv‡¯¿ wK ejv
n‡q‡Q ‡mwU ‡`Lv hvK| gbymswnZvq a‡g©i †QvÆ GKwU msÁv ‡`Iqv n‡q‡Q−

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GZr mvgvwmKs †cÖv³s ag©m¨ cÂj¶Yg&&\Ó

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GB cuvPwU‡K gbyl¨‡Z¡i Z_v a‡g©i j¶Y wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G ¸Y¸‡jv Abykxjb
K‡i gvbyl Zvi ‡fZiKvi cïfve‡K `gb K‡i gvbyl gbyl¨‡Z¡i AwaKvix n‡Z cv‡i|

a‡g©i we‡kl j¶Y m¤^‡Ü ˆe‡kwlK `k©‡b ejv n‡q‡Q−

Ôh‡Zvevnfz¨`qÑwb‡kªqmwmw×t m ag©t|Õ

hv †_‡K RvMwZK I cvigvw_©K Kj¨vY nq Zv‡K ag© e‡j| Zvn‡j K_vwU `uvovq, ag© n‡”Q
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gbymswnZvq ejv n‡q‡QÑ

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wn›`y ag© c„ôv- 21

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Ñag© bó n‡j bvk K‡i, iw¶Z n‡j i¶v K‡i; myZivs KL‡bv ag© bó Ki‡Z †bB| ag© ‡hb
bó n‡q Avgv‡`i webvk bv K‡i| g‡b ivLv `iKvi, wek¦vm, AvPvi I Abyôvb GB wZ‡b
wg‡jB a‡g©i cÖvY| Gi ‡Kvb GKwU ev` w`‡j ag© i¶v cv‡e bv|

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gvbyl‡K RvMwZK Ges cvigvw_©K Dfq Kj¨vY `vb K‡i| Z‡e hy‡M hy‡M ag©ÑK‡g©i Av`k©
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Avc×g©
wec‡`i ga¨ w`‡q Kv‡U| AvcrKv‡j a‡g©i wewaweavb cvjb Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| G m¤ú‡K©
mZ¨ i¶v Ki‡Z wM‡q GK gywb wKiƒc `y`©kvMÖ¯Í n‡q wQ‡jb, †m Kvwnbx ‡kvbv hvK|

ebc‡_ GK cw_K hv‡”Q; †mLv‡b WvKv‡Zi fq| nVvr K‡qKRb WvKvZ cw_K‡K Zvov
Kij| †m cÖvYf‡q QyU‡Z QyU‡Z GK gywbi Avkª‡g cÖ‡ek K‡i jywK‡q iBj| NUbvwU gywb
†`L‡Z †c‡jb| wKQy¶Y ci WvKv‡Zi `j †mLv‡b G‡m gywb‡K wR‡Ám Kij †mLv‡b cw_K
G‡m‡Q wKbv? gywb fvebvq co‡jb| mZ¨ K_v ej‡j cw_K WvKv‡Zi nv‡Z gviv c‡o| Avi
hw` wg_¨v e‡jb Zvn‡j gywb‡K cvcvfvMx n‡Z n‡e| Giƒc Ae¯’vq gywb wKQy bv e‡j Pzc K‡i
iB‡jb| WvKvZ`j cw_K‡K Lyu‡R †ei Kij Ges Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i Zvi abiZœ wb‡q cvwj‡q
†Mj| cwiYv‡g gywbi fv‡M¨ `y‡f©vM †b‡g Gj| binZvi Aciv‡a gywb‡K biK ‡fvM Ki‡Z
nj|

G NUbvq g‡a¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq, mZ¨ ejv ag© n‡jI GKR‡bi Rxeb i¶v‡_© mZ¨ cwiZ¨vM
Kiv hvq| wZwb hw` wg‡_¨ K‡i ej‡Zb, cw_K †mLv‡b †bB, Zvn‡j WvKv‡Zi `j P‡j ‡hZ
Zuv‡K wek¦vm K‡i| cw_K cÖv‡Y †eu‡P †hZ| Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q Avc`Kvjxb Ae¯’vq mZ¨ bv
e‡j wg_¨v ejvB wQj ag©|

mvivsk
mvivsk hv aviY-kw³hy³ Zv‡KB ag© ejv nq| mKj e¯‘iB wbR wbR ag© Av‡Q| gvby‡liI ag©
i‡q‡Q- †mwUi bvg gbyl¨Z¡| GB gbyl¨Z¡ cÖKvk ‡c‡q‡Q we‡kl KZK¸‡jv ¸Yvejxi g‡a¨|
‡hgb Awnsmv, mZ¨wbôv, mshg, cweÎZv, ci `ªe¨ AcniY bv Kiv BZ¨vw`| ag© gvby‡li
RvMwZK I cvigvw_©K Kj¨vY mvab K‡i| ag© †g‡b Pj‡j avwg©K‡K ag© i¶v K‡i| ag©PP©vi
cÖavb j¶ n‡”Q Ck¡i AbyMÖn jvf Kiv| Ck¦i‡mevi Rb¨ ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` Rxe‡mevi K_v
e‡j‡Qb| Z‡e ag© Abykxj‡bi †¶‡Î wePvi-eyw× mRvM _vK‡Z n‡e| AvcrKv‡j Ac‡ii
cÖvY i¶v‡_© wg_¨v ejvI Aag© n‡e bv|

BDwbU- 3 c„ôv- 22
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 3.1

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ:

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|

1| ag© m¤^‡Ü †h `vk©wbK wPšÍvfvebv Zv‡K wK ejv nq?

K. ag©`k©b L. ag©ZË¡
M. ag©e¨vL¨v N. ag©cÖPvi|

2| ag© k‡ãi ey¨rcwË †Kvb&wU?

K. a„ + gbb& L. ˆa + gb
M. a„ + gb& N. ax + gb|

3| gvby‡li ag©‡K GK K_vq wK ejv nq?

K. †`eZ¡ L. gbyl¨Z¡
M. †`eZ¡ N. Rxe‡mev|

4| ag©ZË¡ cÖm‡½ †Kvb MÖ‡š’ Avc×g© m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q?

K. ivgvq‡Y L. fvMe‡Z
M. weòzcyiv‡Y N. gnvfvi‡Z|

5| wK Abykxjb Ki‡j gvbyl RvMwZK I cvigvw_©K Kj¨vY jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i?

K. ag© L. weÁvb
M. mvwnZ¨ N. ms¯‹…wZ|

6| Awnsmv, mZ¨wbôv, mshg, Pzwi bv Kiv, ïwPZvÑ G¸‡jv wK‡mi j¶Y?

K. ag©Z‡Ë¡i L. ag©`k©‡bi
M. a‡g©i N. †`e‡Z¡i|

wn›`y ag© c„ôv- 23

 wmGW †cÖvMÖvg ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

cvV 3.2 Ck¦iZË¡

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

Rx‡ei gv‡S Ck¦‡ii Aw¯ÍZ¡ m¤^‡Ü ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

Ck¦i mvKvi bv wbivKvi Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

Ck¦i †Kv_vq _v‡Kb Zv eywS‡q ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

Ck¦i kãwU GKwU ms¯‹…Z kã| Ck& avZzi m‡½ eiP& cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i Ck¦i kã MwVZ n‡q‡Q|
Gi A_© nj kw³gvb| Z‡e mvaviY kw³gvb bb, me©kw³gvb| wZwb GKvav‡i m„wóKZ©v, cvjb
KZ©v I msnviKZ©v| Ck¦‡ii AbšÍ fve I AbšÍ Zuvi iƒc| Ávbxi Kv‡Q wZwb eªþ, †hvMxi
wbKU cigvZ¥v, Avevi f‡³i Kv‡Q wZwb fMevb|

eª‡þi ¯^iƒc eªþ gv‡b me©e„nr| whwb mKj Rxe I e¯Íy‡K eo K‡ib wZwbB eªþ| eªþ wbZ¨, ï×, gy³,
me©Á| wZwb †R¨vwZg©q, me©e¨vcx I me©kw³gvb|

eª‡þi GB cwiPq †_‡K gvby‡li g‡b cÖkœ Rv‡M, wZwb hw` me©e¨vcx nb; Z‡e wZwb †Zv
mK‡ji g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb| GgZve¯’vq Zv‡K †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq bv †Kb? G cÖ‡kœi AbymÜvb
Ki‡ZB gvbyl wb‡Ri g‡a¨ AvZ¥vi mÜvb jvf K‡i| eªþB Rx‡ei g‡a¨ AvZ¥v iƒ‡c Ae¯’vb
Ki‡Qb|

AvZ¥v Rx‡ei gv‡S †h ˆPZb¨ i‡q‡Q †mwU AvZ¥v| AvZ¥vI eª‡þi b¨vq Rb¥Ñg„Zy¨nxb| †KD Zvi
webvk Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GgbwK AvZ¥v‡K †KD †kl Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| AvZ¥v wbivKvi n‡qI
Rxe‡`‡n †PZbviƒ‡c Ae¯’vb K‡ib| Z‡e Rx‡ei †`n bó n‡jI AvZ¥vi †Kvb ¶wZ nq bv|
g…Zz¨ gv‡b AvZ¥vi †`nZ¨vM|

Ck¦i eªþv Ges AvZ¥v DfqB wbivKvi| Z‡e wbivKvi n‡qI eª‡þi wfZ‡i Rxe I RM‡Zi m„Rb,
cÖwZcvjb I msnv‡ii mg¯Í kw³ i‡q‡Q| GB kw³gvb Ae¯’vq eªþ‡K ejv nq Ck¦i|

Ck¦‡ii ¯^iƒc Ávbxi `„wó‡Z Ck¦i me©kw³gvb| wZwb KL‡bv wbivKv‡i ev mvKv‡i Ae¯’vb K‡ib| GB
Ck¦i‡K hLb lo & Hk¦h©gwÛZ (Hk¦h©, exh©, hk, kªx, Ávb I ˆeivM¨) Kíbv Kiv nq ZLb
Zuv‡K ejv nq fMevb|

fMev‡bi ¯^iƒc f‡³i wbKU Ck¦i fMevb| fMevb ¸Ygq| AbšÍ Zuvi ¸Y| A‡kl Zuvi iƒc| wZwb imgq I
Avb›`gq| fMev‡bi g‡a¨ f³ Zuvi B”QvgZ iƒc I fve †`L‡Z cvb| fMev‡bi m‡½ f³

BDwbU- 3 c„ôv- 24
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

Mfxi m¤^‡Ü Ave×| ZvB f³ Zuvi B”Qv Abymv‡i fMevb‡K gvZv, wcZv, eÜz, wcÖqRb wnmv‡e
kª×v wb‡e`b K‡ib; `ytL `y`k©v ‡_‡K D×v‡ii cÖv_©bv Rvbvb|

Ck¦i †Kv_vq _v‡Kb? Ck¦i cig cweÎ; A‡kl ¸‡Yi AwaKvix wZwb| wZwb cvcZvcÑhy³ RM‡Z _vK‡Z cv‡ib bv|
ZvB A‡b‡Ki aviYv, Ck¦i _v‡Kb ¯^M©‡jv‡K, cvcZvcÑhy³ RMZ †_‡K A‡bK `~‡i| evK¨-
gb I wPšÍvi RM‡Zi AZx‡Z wZwb Ae¯’vb K‡ib|

Z‡e G gZ mevB ¯^xKvi K‡ib bv| Zuviv e‡jb Ck¦i i‡q‡Qb RM‡Zi g‡a¨| wZwb weivR
Ki‡Qb me©Î| ZvB‡Zv me wKQyi g‡a¨ Ck¦‡ii Aw¯ÍZ¡ Abyfe K‡i Kwe e‡j‡Qb

ÒAvQ Abj-Awb‡j wPib‡fvbx‡j

f~aimwjjMn‡b|
AvQ weUwcjZvq Rj‡`i Mvq
kwkZviKvq, Zc‡b\Ó

Avevi Ck¦i gvby‡li gb, eyw× I ü`‡qI Av‡Qb| wZwb Avgv‡`i gv‡S †_‡K, Avgv‡`i wPšÍv-
†PZbv wbqš¿Y Ki‡Qb| Zuv‡K cvevi Rb¨ `~‡i hvevi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| wZwb i‡q‡Qb mK‡ji
AšÍ‡i| GB AšÍh©vgx Ck¡‡ii Kv‡Q Kwe¸iæ cÖv_©bv wb‡e`b K‡i e‡j‡Qb

ÒAšÍi gg weKwkZ K‡iv

AšÍiZi †n|Ó

Ck¦i mvKvi bv wbivKvi?

Ck¦i me©kw³gvb| wZwb wbivKviI _vK‡Z cv‡ib Avevi mvKvi iƒ‡cI weivR Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
f‡³i Kv‡Q Ck¦i ev fMevb mvKvi| Avevi Ávbxi Kv‡Q wZwb wbivKvi eªþ|

Ck¦i Ñ Dcvmbv Ck¦i‡K mvKv‡i I wbivKv‡i- Dfqfv‡eB fRbv Kiv hvq| †KD hw` Ck¦i‡K mvKv‡i
Avivabv K‡i Ck¦i Zv‡K mvKv‡i AbyMÖn K‡i _v‡Kb| Avevi †KD hw` Ck¦i‡K wbivKvi
eªþiƒ‡c a¨vb K‡ib, Zvi AšÍ‡i Ck¦i eªþfveB RvwM‡q ‡`b| Ck¦i cig Kiæbvgq| whwb
†hfv‡e Ck¦i‡K Avivabv K‡ib, Ck¦i Zv‡K †mfv‡e AbyMÖn K‡ib|

mvivsk Ck¦i me©kw³gvb| wZwb GKvav‡i m„wóKZ©v, cvjb KZ©v I msnviKZ©v| Ck¦i hLb wbivKv‡i
Ae¯’vb K‡ib ZLb wZwb eªþ¦| GB eªþB Rx‡ei g‡a¨ AvZ¥viƒ‡c Ae¯’vb Ki‡Qb| hLb
Ck¦‡ii iƒc Kíbv Kiv nq, ZLb Zuv‡K ejv nq fMevb| Ck¦i RM‡Zi me©Î weivRgvb|
Rx‡ei gv‡S AvZ¥viƒ‡c,‡PZbv iƒ‡c wZwb Ae¯’vb Ki‡Qb| mvKvi wbivKvi Dfqfv‡eB
Ck¦i‡K Avivabv Kiv hvq|

wn›`y ag© c„ôv- 25

 wmGW †cÖvMÖvg ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 3.2

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|

1| Ck¦i wKiƒc kw³gvb?

K. mvaviY kw³gvb
L. we‡kl kw³gvb
M. me©kw³gvb
N. cÖPÛ kw³gvb|

2| Ck¦i Rx‡ei gv‡S wK iƒ‡c Ae¯’vb Ki‡Qb?

K. gbiƒ‡c
L. eyw×iƒ‡c
M. we‡eKiæ‡c
N. AvZ¥viƒ‡c|

3| Ck¦i wKiƒc?
K. wbivKvi
L. mvKvi
M. mvKvi I wbivKvi DfqB
N. Gi †KvbwUB bq|

4| Ck¦i †Kv_vq _v‡Kb?

K. me©Î
L. ¯^M©
M. f³ ü`‡q
N. ˆeKy‡Ú|

BDwbU- 3 c„ôv- 26
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV 3.3
AeZvi
D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV ‡k‡l Avcwb−

AeZvi wK Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

AeZv‡ii cÖYvjx eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

AeZv‡ii D‡Ïk¨ I Kvh©vejx e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

AeZvi-gvnvZ¥v¨ ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

Ck¦i me©kw³gvb| wZwb Rb¥ÑiwnZ n‡qI gv‡S gv‡S Rxe‡`n aviY K‡i c„w_ex‡Z Av‡mb|
Ck¦‡ii Rxe‡`n aviY K‡i RM‡Z Avmvi bvg AeZvi|

w¶wZ, Ac&, †ZRt, giær I †e¨vgÑ G cuvPwU‡K e‡j cÂf‚Z| Avi GB cÂf‚‡Z Mov cªvK„Z
RMZ‡K e‡j cªcÂ| cÂf‚‡Zi AZxZ AcÖvK„Z ci‡e¨vg‡K e‡j AcªcÂ| kv‡¯¿ ejv n‡q‡Q
ÒAcªcÂvr cªc‡Â AeZiYg& AeZvitÓ A_©vr Acªc †_‡K cªc‡Â †b‡g Av‡mb e‡j Ck¦i
AeZvi| Avi †b‡g Avmvi Acibvg AeZiY| whwb (Ck¦i) AeZiY K‡ib wZwbB AeZvi|
AeZvi Rxe‡`navix Ck¦i|

AeZv‡ii cÖYvjx Ck¦i wKfv‡e †`naviY K‡i aivc„‡ô AeZxY© nb, †m m¤^‡Ü kªxg™¢Me`&MxZvq fMevb
e†j‡Qb-

ÒA‡Rvnwc mbœe¨qvZ¥v f~Zvbvgxk¦‡ivnwc mb&|

cªK„wZs ¯^vgwaôvq m¤¢evg¨vZ¥gvqqv \Ó

A_©vr Avwg Rb¥nxb Ae¨qvZ¥v RxeM‡Yi cªfz n‡qI wbR gvqv Aej¤^‡b ‡`n aviY K‡i _vwK|

GLv‡b gvqv kãwU ej‡Z Ck¦‡ii gvqvkw³‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| RMZ m„wói g~‡j GB gvqvi
cªfve i‡q‡Q| Z‡e Ck¦i I Rx‡ei Dci gvqvi cÖfv‡ei cv_©K¨ j¶Yxq| Rxe gvqvi Aaxb|
Rxe‡K gvqv †gvwnZ K‡i iv‡L| wKšÍy Ck¦i Rx‡ei b¨vq gvqvi Aaxb bb| gvqvB Ck¦‡ii
AvÁvaxb| GB gvqvkw³‡K Aej¤^b K‡i Ck¦i AeZxY© n‡q _v‡Kb|

Ck¦i I AeZv‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨

1. Ck¦‡ii Rb¥-g„Zz¨ †bB| Amxg AbšÍ wZwb| AeZv‡ii Rb¥-g„Zz¨ Av‡Q| wZwb mmxg Ges
Ck¦‡ii Askwe‡kl|
2. Ck¦‡ii †Kvb Kg© ‡bB| we‡kl †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q wKQy K‡ib bv| wKšÍy AeZvi we†kl
D‡Ïk¨ wb‡qB AeZxY© n‡q _v‡Kb| D‡Ïk¨ †kl n‡j wZwb †`nZ¨vM K‡ib|

wn›`y ag© c„ôv- 27

 wmGW †cÖvMÖvg ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

AeZv‡ii D‡Ïk¨ I Kvh©vejx

Ck¦i †h †Kvb ¯’v‡b, †h †Kvb mg‡q Zuvi B”Qvbymv‡i AeZvi iƒ‡c Avm‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e kv‡¯¿
†`Lv hvq, we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨B Ck¦i AeZxY© n‡q _v‡Kb| G m¤ú‡K© MxZvq fMevb
e‡j‡QbÑ hLb a‡g© Møvwb, Aa‡g©i e„w× N‡U ZLb mgv‡R `yóR‡bi webvk I mvayM‡Yi
cwiÎv‡Yi Rb¨ Avwg hy‡M hy‡M Rb¥MªnY K‡i _vwK|

Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q, Ck¦i AeZviiƒ‡c †`naviY K‡i G‡m wZbwU KvR K‡i _v‡KbÑ

K. `y‡ó webvk K‡ib|

L. mvay‡`i i¶v K‡ib Ges
M. mgv‡R ag© ms¯’vcb K‡ib|

AeZvi-gvnvZ¥¨ AeZv‡ii g‡a¨ Ávbx ev f³ Ck¦i‡K wbK‡U cvb| Zuvi g‡a¨ Ck¦ixq kw³ cÖZ¨¶ K‡i Zuv‡`i
AšÍ‡ii fMe™¢w³‡K my`„p K‡ib| AeZvi ¯^qs Ck¦‡iiB cªKvk e‡j wZwb gy³, Zuvi ‡Kvb
eÜb †bB| AeZvi ïay wb‡RB gy³ ¯^fv‡ei bb, wZwb Aci‡KI gyw³`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
wZwb f‡³i g½j mvab Ki‡Z mg_©| AeZvi cyiæ‡li ms¤ú‡k© Rxe gyw³ jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i|
AeZvi wb‡Ri ¯úk© w`‡q GgbwK ‡Kej B”Qvkw³ w`‡qB Ac‡ii wfZi fMe™¢ve mÂvi K‡i
w`‡Z cv‡ib| AeZv‡ii ms¯ú‡k© AwZ `yivPvi e¨w³ gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨ mvay n‡q ‡h‡Z cv‡i|

mvivsk †`n aviY K‡i Ck¦i AeZviiƒ‡c G‡m _v‡Kb| gvqv kw³‡K Aej¤^b K‡i Ck¦i AeZxY© nb|
AeZvi `y‡ói `gb, wk‡ói cvjb I ag© ms¯’vcb K‡i _v‡Kb| AeZvi Rxe‡`navix Ck¦i|
Zuvi mvwbœ‡a¨ gvbyl gnr ¸‡Yi AwaKvix Ges gyw³jv‡f mg_© nq|

BDwbU- 3 c„ôv- 28
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 3.3

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ:

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|

1. Ck¦i Acªc †_‡K cªc‡Â †b‡g Av‡mb e‡j Zuv‡K wK ejv nq?
K. AeZvi
L. weòy
M. AeZiY
N. m„wóKZ©v|

2. Ck¦i AeZvi iƒ‡c Avmvi Rb¨ †Kvb kw³‡K Aej¤^b K‡ib?

K. m„Rbkw³
L. cvjbkw³
M. msnvikw³
N. gvqvkw³|

3. `y‡ói `gb, wk‡ói cvjb Ges ag© ms¯’vcb-G¸‡jv Kvi KvR?

K. †bZvi
L. kvm‡Ki
M. Ck¦‡ii
N. AeZv‡ii|

4. Kvi ms¯ú‡k© AwZ `yivPvi e¨w³I mvay n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i?

K. mبw³i
L. AeZv‡ii
M. f‡³i
N. Ávbxi|

✍ cÖ‡qvRbxq wel‡q †bvU Kiæb

wn›`y ag© c„ôv- 29

 wmGW †cÖvMÖvg ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

cvV 3.4
Dcvmbv c×wZ: Kg© I Ávb
D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV ‡k‡l Avcwb−

Kg© wK Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kg©‡hv‡Mi j¶Y¸‡jv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kg©†hv‡M wK dj jvf nq Zv wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

Ávb‡hvM Kv‡K e‡j Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Ávb‡hv‡Mi cª‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Áv‡bi dj wK wK Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kg©‡hvM

hv wKQy Kiv nq ‡mwUB Kg©| Kg© `ycªKvi- mKvg Kg© I wb®‹vg Kg©| djjv‡fi Avkvq ‡h Kg©
Kiv nq Zv‡K ejv nq mKvg Kg©| Avevi †h K‡g© d‡ji Avkv _v‡K bv Zv n‡”Q wb®‹vg Kg©|
wb®‹vg Kg©B Kg©‡hvM bv‡g AwfwnZ n‡q _v‡K| Kg©‡hv‡Mi Ck¦icªvwß ev †gv¶jvf m¤¢e|
Ck¦‡ii m‡½ gb‡K hy³ †i‡L, Kg©dj Ck¦‡i Ac©Y K‡i, Kg© Kiv‡K Kg©‡hvM e‡j| Kg©KZ©v
hLb g‡b K‡ib, mg¯Í Kg©B Ck¦‡ii Kg©, K‡g©i djI Ck¦‡iiB cÖvc¨; Ck¦i Zv‡K w`‡q Kg©
Kwi‡q wb‡”Qb gvÎ, ZLb Giƒc Abyf~wZ †_‡K wb®úbœ Kg‡K© Kg©‡hvM ejv nq|

Kg©‡hv‡Mi j¶Y wZbwU|

(1) djvKv•Lv eR©b|

(2) KZ…©Z¡vwfgvb Z¨vM (Avwg Kg© KiwQ GB Abyf‚wZ bv _vKv)
(3) Kg©dj Ck¦‡i mgc©Y|

wek¦RMZ weivU Kg©‡¶Î| GLv‡b mKj‡KB wKQy Kg© Ki‡Z nq| Avevi Kg© Ki‡jB
Kg©d‡ji D™¢e N‡U| Avi ‡m Kg©dj Kg©KZ©v‡K Aek¨B ‡fvM Ki‡Z nq| Giƒc K‡g© nq
eÜb; gvbyl gyw³jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wKšÍy Kg©‡K hLb Ck¦‡ii m‡½ hy³ Kiv nq, ZLb †mwU
nq Kg©‡hvM| ZLb KZ©v K‡g©i mg¯Í dj Ck¦‡i Ac©Y K‡i _v‡Kb e‡j Giƒc K‡g© eÜb nq
bv| †gvU K_v K‡g© eÜb nq bv, eÜb nq Kg©d‡ji evmbvq|

Kg©‡hv‡M K‡qKwU µg j¶¨ Kiv hvq †hgbÑ

(K) Kg© Kivi AnsKvi †jvc cvq; ZLb KZ©vi g‡bi mvwË¡K eyw×i D`q nq|
(L) KZ©vi me©Î mg`k©b nq Ges wZwb wbg©j Avb›` jvf K‡ib|
(M) fMev‡bi cÖwZ KZ©vi APjv fw³R‡b¥| Ges wZwb Ck¦i AbyMªn jv‡f mg_© nb|

BDwbU- 3 c„ôv- 30
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

Ávb‡hvM Áv‡bi gva¨‡g Ck¦i Avivabv‡K ejv nq Ávb‡hvM| mvaviYfv‡e Ávb ej‡Z †PZbv, we‡ePbv
I †eva‡K eywS‡q _v‡K| Z‡e me iKg Ávb‡K Ávb‡hvM e‡j bv| Ávb‡K hLb Ck¦i jv‡fi
Dcvq wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq ZLb ‡mwU nq Ávb‡hvM| Ávbx Dcjwä K‡ib, Zuvi wb‡Ri
g‡a¨ Ges we‡k¦i mKj cªvYxi g‡a¨ GKB AvZ¥v weivRgvb| RM‡Zi me wKQy cig cyiæ‡l
A_©vr cigvZ¥vi mË¡vq mË¡vevb| Z‡e Rxe‡`‡ni Avkª‡q cigvZ¥vi bvg nq RxevZ¥v|

GB RxevZ¥v Ges cigvZ¥v g~jZ GKB e¯Íy| gvqvi cªfv‡e gvbyl G K_v fz‡j hvq| gvqv ‡K‡U
†M‡j gvbyl AvZ¥ZË¡ eyS‡Z cv‡i| ZLb AvZ¥ZË¡ Ges eªþZË¡ GK n‡q hvq| GB ÁvbB
cªK„Z Ávb|

Ávb‡hv‡M mvaK mvg¨ `„wó jvf K‡i| mva‡Ki g‡b mgeyw×i D`q N‡U| evmbv nq ï×|
AvPiY nq my›`i| Zvi AnsKvi _v‡K bv, wnsmv _v‡K bv| mijZv, cweÎfv‡e _vKv,
¸iæ‡mev, Áv‡bi welq Av‡jvPbv, ¶gv BZ¨vw` ¸Y Zuvi g‡a¨ cªKvk cvq|

Ávb jv‡fi Dcvq Ávb jv‡fi QqwU Dcvq Av‡Q| cªwYcvZ, cwicªkœ, I †mevÑ GB wZbwU†K e‡j Ávb jv‡fi
ewni½ Dcvq| Avevi kª×v, ZrciZv I Bw›`ªq mshg- G wZbwU‡K e‡j Ávb jv‡fi AšÍi½
Dcvq|

eªþÁ ¸iæi wbKU Dcw¯’Z n‡q cª_‡g Zuv‡K cªYvg wb‡e`b Ki‡Z nq, cªYvg n‡”Q cÖwYcvZ|
Gici ZË¡K_v Rvbvi Rb¨ webxZ fv‡e cÖkœ Ki‡Z nq; Gfv‡e cÖkœ Kiv‡K e‡j cwicÖkœ|

†mev ej‡Z eySvq ¸iæi myLweavb| †mevq Zyó n‡q ¸iæ wkl¨‡K Ávb `vb K‡ib|

ewni‡½i b¨vq AšÍi‡½i mvab¸‡jvI Ávb jv‡fi mnvqK|

kª×v kv‡¯¿ I ïiæev‡K¨ wek^vm‡K kª×v ejv nq|

ZrciZv ¸iæi Dc‡`k jvf K‡i Zv AvZ¥¯’ Kivi Rb¨ Zrci n‡Z nq| g‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z nq| cig
Z‡Ë¡ gb‡K Mfxifv‡e wbweó ivLvB ZrciZv|

Bw›`ªq mshg mKj mvab K‡g©i g~‡jB i‡q‡Q Bw›`ªqmshg| ewngy©Lx Bw›`ªq¸‡jv‡K wbqš¿‡Y ivL‡Z nq;
Zvici IB wbqwš¿Z Bw›`ªq¸‡jv‡K w`‡q cig Z‡Ë¡i AbyK~‡j KvR Kwi‡q wb‡Z nq| †hgb
gyy‡L nwi¸Y Mvb; nv‡Z kªxnwii PiY‡mev BZ¨vw`|

Ávb‡hv‡Mi dj n‡”Q

(K) †kvK, †gvn BZ¨vw` `~i nq|

(L) mg¯Í cvc webó nq|
(M) AÁvbZv _v‡K bv|
(N) Ávbxi Kg©eÜb †bB| Áv‡bB ‡gv¶jvf|

wn›`y ag© c„ôv- 31

 wmGW †cÖvMÖvg ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

mvivsk Kg© `ycÖKvi- mKvg Kg© I wb®‹vg Kg©| mKvg K‡g© Rx‡ei eÜb Avi wb®‹vg K‡g© Rx‡ei
gyw³| wb®‹vg Kg©‡KB Kg©‡hvM ejv nq| kv¯¿g‡Z AvZ¥ZË¡ I ciZË¡ Rvbv‡K Ávb e‡j|
cª‡Z¨K Rx‡ei g‡a¨B AvZ¥v weivR Ki‡Q| GB AvZ¥v cigvZ¥vi Ask we‡kl| RxevZ¥v Ges
cigvZ¥v GKB- GB ÁvbB cªK„Z Ávb| Ávb jv‡fi Rb¨ kª×vevb, mshgx Ges Zrci nIqv
`iKvi| Áv‡b †gv¶ jvf nq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 3.4

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœÓ

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|

1| dj jv‡fi Avkvq †h Kg© Kiv nq Zv‡K wK ejv nq?

K. wb®‹vg Kg©
L. mKvg Kg©
M. Kvg©Kg©
N. gyL¨Kg©|

2| †Kvb& †hv‡M Kg©dj Ck¦‡i mgc©Y Kiv nq?

K. Kg©‡hvM
L. Ávb‡hv‡M
M. eywׇhv‡M
N. mshg‡hv‡M|

3| Rxe‡`‡n †h AvZ¥v _v‡K wK ejv nq?

K. cigvZ¥v
L. gvbevZ¥v
M. RxevZ¥v
N. †cªZvZ¥v|

4| Ávb jv‡fi AvKv•Lvq ¸iæ‡K kª×vwb‡e`b Kiv‡K wK ejv nq?

K. cÖYvg
L. bg¯‹vi
M. kª×vcªYwZ
N. cªwYcvZ|

BDwbU- 3 c„ôv- 32
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV 3.5 Dcvmbv c×wZ: fw³ I †hvMmvabv

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

fw³‡hvM wK Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

fw³‡hv‡Mi dj we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†hvM mvabv wK Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

Aóv½‡hvM e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

fw³

¸iæRb ev fMev‡bi cÖwZ Mfxi kª×v ev fvjevmv‡K fw³ e‡j| Avi fw³‡K Aej¤^b K‡i †h
Ck¦i Avivabv Kiv Zvi bvg fw³‡hvM| Kg©I Ávb-‡hv‡Mi b¨vq fw³‡hvMI Ck¦i Avivabvi
GKwU c×wZ| fw³‡hv‡M Ck¦i jvf nq|

fw³ cig m¤ú`| fw³ jv‡f ü`q cweÎ nq| Avi H cweÎ ü`‡q fMev‡bi Abyf~wZ my`„p
nq| fw³ jvf K‡i, f³ RM‡Zi mg¯Í e¯Íyi g‡a¨ fMev‡bi Aw¯Í¯Í Abyfe K‡ib| f³ gy‡L
fMev‡bi ¸YKxZ©b K‡ib Ges gb‡K fMev‡bi wPšÍvq wbweó iv‡Lb| f³ Kvgbv evmbv gy³
nb| hw` KLbI †Kv‡bv evmbv AšÍ‡i Rv‡M Zv, fMev‡b mgc©Y K‡ib| fMevb wfbœ Ab¨
†Kv‡bv wPšÍv f‡³i g‡b ¯’vb cvq bv| f³ †nvg, Rc, Zc, eªZ, wbqgÑ G mg¯ÍB fMev‡bi
cÖxwZi Rb¨ K‡i _v‡Kb| †gvU K_v, Rxe‡b ag©, A_©, Kvg BZ¨vw` GKgvÎ fMev‡bi cÖxwZi
Rb¨B m¤úv`b K‡ib| Gfv‡e Rxe‡bi mg¯Í Kg© fMev‡b wb‡e`‡bi ga¨w`‡q f³ fw³ jvf
K‡i _v‡Kb|

fw³i †k«Yx‡f` cÖavbZ fw³‡K `yfvM Kiv nq– A‰nZzKx fw³, ˆnZzKxfw³|

†h fw³‡Z fMev‡bi cÖxwZ wfbœ Ab¨‡Kvb †nZz †bB; A_©vr †h fw³‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖv_©bv c~i‡Yi
Kvgbv †bB Zv‡K A‰nZzKx fw³ e‡j|

†Kv‡bv †nZz Aej¤^b K‡i ‡h fw³ Drcbœ nq, Zv‡K ˆnZzKx fw³ e‡j| Ck¦i Avgv‡K KZ
m¤ú` w`‡q‡Qb wK †`‡eb, KZ iKg wec` †_‡K D×vi K‡i‡Qb wK Ki‡ebÑ Giƒc wPšÍv
Ki‡Z Ki‡Z ‡h fw³i D`q nq Zv‡K ‰nZzKx fw³ e‡j|

fw³‡hv‡Mi mvaK A‰nZzKx fw³iB AbymiY K‡i _v‡Kb| f³ wb‡Ri Rb¨ wKQyB cÖv_©bv
K‡ib bv| Ggb wK wb‡Ri gyw³wU ch©šÍ fMev‡bi wbKU Kvgbv K‡ib bv| Zvi Kvgbv nq, ‡n
cÖfz, Rb‡g-Rb‡g †hb ‡Zvgvi Pi‡Y Avgvq A‰nZzKx fw³ R‡b¥|

fw³‡hvM mvabvi †kl¯Íi; fw³‡Z gyw³|

wn›`y ag© c„ôv- 33

 wmGW †cÖvMÖvg ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

†hvM Aej¤^b K‡i †h Ck¦i Avivabv Zv‡K †hvMmvabv ejv nq| †hvMvmb Abykxj‡bi ga¨
†hvMmvabv w`‡q †`n I gb‡K Ck¦i Avivabvi Dc‡hvMx Ki‡Z nq| cÙvmb, mnRvmb, †MvgyLvmb,
cÖf„wZ Abykxjb K‡i ‡`n I gb‡K ‡hvM mvabvi Dc‡hvMx K‡i wb‡Z nq|

†hvMmvabvq †hvMx Aóv½‡hvM AbymiY K‡i _v‡Kb| Aóv½ †hvM nj hg, wbqg, Avmb,
cÖZ¨vnvi, cÖvYvqvg, aviYv, a¨vb, I mgvwa| mvabvi †¶‡Î †hv‡Mi wbqg¸‡jv µ‡g µ‡g
AMÖmi n‡Z nq| wnsmv, ‡jvf, Av‡eM BZ¨vw` Z¨vM K‡i gb‡K kvšÍ ivLvi mshg|

hg hg A_©vr Bw›`ªqmshg|

wbqg msh‡gi Øviv kvšÍ gb‡K wbqwgZ kv¯¿cvV I Ck¦iwPšÍvq wbhy³ Kiv‡K e‡j wbqg|

Avmb †hvMx ev mvaK Ck¦i wPšÍvq wKfv‡e em‡eb ZviB wb`©k i‡q‡Q Avm‡bi g‡a¨| myLvm‡b ev
cÙvm‡b Dcweó n‡q ‡hvMx Ck¦i mvabvq em‡eb|

cÖZ¨vnvi gb ¯^fvweKfv‡eB PÂj| wew¶ß wPšÍv †_‡K gb‡K ¸wU‡q G‡b GK Ck¦i wPšÍvq wbweó Kivi
cÖwµqv‡K cÖZ¨vnvi ejv nq|

cÖvYvqvg k¦vm-cÖk¦v‡mi MwZ wbqš¿‡Yi we‡kl cÖwµqv‡K cÖvYvqvg e‡j|

a¨vb DwjøwLZ cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡q myw¯’iwP‡Ë Ck¡‡ii Ae¯’vb ev Dcw¯’wZ Abyfe Kivi bvgB a¨vb|
†a¨q e¯Íyi cÖwZ wbiew”Qbœ wPšÍvi bvg a¨vb|

aviYv a¨v‡b jä Dcvm¨ m¤ú‡K© wPšÍv Kiv‡K aviYv e‡j| gb‡K GKwU j‡¶i ev we›`yi cÖwZ msw¯’Z
Kivi c×wZ‡K aviYv ejv nq|

mgvwa †hvMx a¨vb-aviYvi ga¨ w`‡q Dcv‡m¨ gb wbweó ivL‡Z ivL‡Z hLb Dcv‡m¨i m‡½ GKvÍ
Abyfe K‡ib, ZLb ‡m Ae¯’v‡K ejv nq mgvwa| mvabvi ‡¶‡Î mgvwa n‡”Q D”PZg
†mvcvb|

MxZvq †hvMmvabvi A‡bK cÖksmv i‡q‡Q| fMevb kªxK…ò‡K ejv n‡q‡Q me©‡kªô †hvMx ev
†hv‡Mk¦i| †hvMmvabvi ga¨ w`‡q mvaK wbR AvZ¥vq cigvZ¥vi m½ jvf K‡i cigvb‡›`
Ae¯’vb K‡ib| †hvMxcyiæl ‡hvMvej¤^b K‡i ‡`nZ¨vM K‡i †gv¶ jvf K‡ib|

mvivsk ¸iyR‡b ev Ck¦i Mfxi kª×v‡K fw³ e‡j| fw³ Aej¤^b K‡i Ck¦i Avivabvi bvg
fw³‡hvM| fw³‡hv‡M fMev‡bi AbyMªn jvf nq| A‰nZzKx fw³ †kªô fw³| †hvMmvabv
Ck¦i‡K jvf Kivi GKwU Dcvq| †hvMvmb Abykxj‡b †`n I gb‡K Ck¦i Avivabvi
Dc‡hvMx Ki‡Z nq| Gici A½v½ †hvM Abykxjb K‡i †hvMx cigcyiy‡l wgwjZ nb| †hvM¯’
n‡q †`nZ¨vM K‡i †hvMx †gv¶ jvf K‡ib|

BDwbU- 3 c„ôv- 34
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 3.5

A) eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ:

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|

1| fw³‡K Aej¤^b K‡i †h Ck¦i Aviabv Zv‡K wK e‡j?

K. Kg©‡hvM
L. fw³‡hvM
M. Ávb‡hvM
N. mvsL¨‡hvM|

2| wK jvf Ki‡j ü`q cweÎ nq?

K. Ávb
L. ˆeivM¨
M. fw³
N. L¨vwZ|

3| †hvM Aej¤^b K‡i †h Ck¦i-Avivabv Zv‡K wK e‡j?

K. ag©mvabv
L. †hvMmvabv
M. fw³mvabv
N. mshg mvabv|

4| Aóv½ mvabvi D”PZg Ae¯’vb‡K wK e‡j?

K. a¨vb
L. aviY
M. cZ¨vnvi
N. mgvwa|

Av) iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:

1| a‡g©i mvaviY j¶Y I we‡kl j¶Y eY©bv Kiæb|

[cvVÑ 1 Gi L I M Ask ‡_‡K wjLyb]
2| Rx‡ei gv‡S Ck¦‡ii Aw¯ÍË¡ m¤^‡Ü wjLyb|
[cvVÑ 2 Gi eªþ I AvZ¥v †_‡K wjLyb]
3| AeZv‡ii gvnvZ¥¨ eY©bv Kiæb|
[cvVÑ 3 Gi AeZvi gvnvZ¥¨ Ask †_‡K wjLyb]
4| Kg©‡hv‡Mi cwiPq w`b|
[cvVÑ 4 Gi Kg© Ask †_‡K wjLyb]

wn›`y ag© c„ôv- 35

wmGW †cÖvMÖvg ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

5| Ávb‡hv‡Mi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv Kiæb|

[cvVÑ 4 Gi Ávb Ask †_‡K wjLyb]
6| fw³‡hv‡Mi dj we‡kølY Kiæb|
[cvVÑ 5 Gi fw³ Ask ‡_‡K wjLyb]
7| Aóv½‡hv‡Mi weeiY w`b|
[cvVÑ 5 Gi †hvMmvabv Ask ‡_‡K wjLyb]

B) ms‡¶‡c DËi w`b:

K. ag©`k©b wK?
[BDwbUÑ 3 Gi f~wgKv ‡_‡K wjLyb]
L. Ck¦i kãwU wKfv‡e MwVZ n‡q‡Q|
[cvVÑ 2 Gi welqe¯Íy †_‡K wjLyb]
M. AeZvi Kv‡K e‡j?
[cvVÑ 3 Gi welqe¯Íy †_‡K wjLyb]
N. Kg©‡hv‡Mi KqwU I wK wK?
[cvVÑ 4 Gi ÔKg©Õ Ask ‡_‡K wjLyb]
O. fw³ ej‡Z wK eySvq?
[cvVÑ 5 Gi Ôfw³Õ Ask †_‡K wjLyb]

DËigvjv

cv‡VvËi g‚j¨vqb: 3.1

1. N; 2 . M; 3. L; 4. N; 5 K; 6. M

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb: 3.2

1. M; 2. N; 3. M; 4. K

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb: 3.3

1. K; 2. N; 3. N; 4. L

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb: 3.4

1. L; 2. K; 3. M; 4. N

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb: 3.5

1. L; 2. M; 3. L; 4. N

BDwbU- 3 c„ôv- 36