9 More about Trigonometry (II) NON-FOUNDATION

Name :
9A
Date :
Mark :
9.1 Area of a Triangle
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Key Concepts and Formulae

Area of a triangle A

1 1 1
Area of
ABC = ab sin C = bc sin A = ca sin B
2 2 2 c b

B a C

(Unless otherwise specified, numerical answers should either be exact or correct to 3 significant
figures.)
1. Find the areas of the following triangles.
(a) A (b) A

70o
5 cm 7.5 cm

130o
B C
B 12 cm
C

Solution

(a) Area of the triangle (b) Area of the triangle

⎛1 ⎞
1 × 12 × 12 × sin 130° cm2
= ⎡⎢ × ( 5 ) × ( 7.5 ) × sin ( 70° )⎤⎥ cm 2
=
⎝2 ⎠
⎣ 2 ⎦
= ( 17.6 cm2 ) (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) = 55.2 cm2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

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 9 More about Trigonometry (II)

A
2. Find the value of x in
ABC.
8 cm 118o x cm
Solution area = 23 cm 2

1 B C
× AB × AC × sin A = area of
ABC
2
1
(8)(x ) sin 118° = 23
2
x = 6.51 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

3. In
PQR, θ is an acute angle. Find θ. R

Solution
15 cm
1
× PR × PQ × sin θ = area of
PQR
2 area = 30 cm2
θ
1 P Q
8 cm
(15)(8) sin θ = 30
2
sin θ = 0.5
θ = 30°

4. The area of
ABC is 80 cm2. If AB = 13 cm , AC = 15 cm and ∠BAC is an obtuse angle,

find ∠BAC.
Solution

Let θ be ∠BAC.
1
(13)(15) sin θ = 80
2
32
sin θ =
39
θ = 55.1° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) or θ = 125° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Q θ is an obtuse angle
∴ ∠BAC = 125°

93
 Measures, Shape and Space

5. Find the area of parallelogram ABCD. D C

Solution 11 cm

AB = CD (properties of parallelogram) 70o

A B
AD = CB (properties of parallelogram) 16 cm

∠DAB = ∠DCB (properties of parallelogram)

∴ Area of parallelogram ABCD = 2 × area of
ABD
⎡1 ⎤
= 2⎢ (11)(16) sin 70°⎥ cm2
⎣2 ⎦
= 165 cm2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

6. In parallelogram ABCD, AD = 12 cm , ∠ABC = 130° A

12 cm
D
and its area is 82 cm2. Find DC.

Solution 130o

B C
Let DC = x cm .
∠ADC = ∠ABC = 130° (properties of parallelogram)
Area of parallelogram ABCD = 2 × area of
ACD
⎡1 ⎤
82 = 2 × ⎢ (x )(12) sin 130°⎥
⎣2 ⎦
x = 8.92 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ DC = 8.92 cm

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 9 More about Trigonometry (II)

7. In the figure, AD = 5.5 cm , AC = 7 cm , AB = 10 cm , A 5.5 cm D

30o
∠DAC = 30° and ∠CAB = 60° . Find the area of quadrilateral 60o
ABCD. 7 cm

Solution C

10 cm
Area of quadrilateral ABCD
= area of
ACD + area of
ABC
⎛1 1 ⎞
= × 7 × 5.5 × sin 30° + × 7 × 10 × sin 60° cm2
⎝2 2 ⎠
B
= 39.9 cm2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

8. In the figure, O is the centre of the circle. Find the area of the shaded
segment.
Solution O
15 cm
25o
∠AOB = 180° − 25° − 25° A B
= 130°
Area of the shaded segment
= area of sector OAB − area of
OAB
⎛ 130° 1 ⎞
= π × 152 × − × 15 × 15 × sin 130° cm2
⎝ 360° 2 ⎠

= 169 cm2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

95
 Measures, Shape and Space

9. Find the area of a rhombus with side 15 cm and an acute angle of 65°.

Solution
1
Area of the rhombus = ⎛ 2 × × 15 × 15 × sin 65°⎞ cm2
⎝ 2 ⎠

= 204 cm2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

10. In
ABD, C is a point on BD such that CD = 3.8 cm , AC = 9.5 cm . D

Find the area of
ABD. 3.8 cm

Solution C

∠ACD = 30° + 70° (ext. ∠ of
)

9.5 cm
= 100° 70o
30o
Area of
ABD = area of
ABC + area of
ACD A
10 cm
B

⎛1 1 ⎞
= × 10 × 9.5 × sin 30° + × 9.5 × 3.8 × sin 100° cm2
⎝2 2 ⎠

= 41.5 cm2

96
9 More about Trigonometry (II) NON-FOUNDATION

Name :
9B
Date :
Mark :
9.2 The Sine Formula
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Key Concepts and Formulae

The sine formula A

a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C c b

B a C

(In this exercise, unless otherwise specified, numerical answers should either be exact or correct to
3 significant figures.)
Find the unknowns in the following triangles. (1–6)
1. C 2. C

60o
8 cm
y cm
x cm y cm

120o
35o
70o A x cm B
A 5 cm B

Solution Solution

B = 180° − ( 60° ) − ( 70° ) C = 180° − 35° − 120°

= ( 50° ) = 25°

By the sine formula, By the sine formula,

x 8
x ( 5 ) =
= sin 25° sin 120°
sin ( 50° ) sin ( 60° )
x = 3.90 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
x = ( 4.42 )(cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
y 8
=
y ( 5 ) sin 35° sin 120°
=
sin ( 70° ) sin ( 60° ) y = 5.30 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
y = ( 5.43 )(cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
97
 Measures, Shape and Space

3. C 4. D

67o o
35o 40
9 cm y cm a cm d cm
b cm

50o 45o
A B A C
x cm 5 cm B c cm

Solution Solution
B = 180° − 50° − 67° Consider
ABD.
= 63° ∠DBA = 180° − 45° − 35°
By the sine formula, = 100°
x 9 By the sine formula,
=
sin 67° sin 63°
a 5
∴ x = 9.30 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) =
sin 100° sin 35°

y 9 ∴ a = 8.58 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

=
sin 50° sin 63°
b 5
y = 7.74 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) =
sin 45° sin 35°
b = 6.16 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

C = 180° − (35° + 40°) − 45°

= 60°
Consider
BCD.
By the sine formula,
c b
=
sin 40° sin 60°
5 sin 45° sin 40°
c = ×
sin 35° sin 60°
= 4.58 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
d b
=
sin (45° + 35°) sin 60°

5 sin 45° sin 80°

d = ×
sin 35° sin 60°
= 7.01 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

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 9 More about Trigonometry (II)

5. D 6. 18 cm
D C
o 35o
130 o
80

7 cm 7 cm

30o 70o
A C A B
u cm B v cm x cm

Solution Solution
DB = DC = 7 cm ∠DAC = 180° − 130° − 35° (∠ sum of
)
∠DBC = 70° (base ∠s, isos.
) = 15°
∠DBA = 180° − 70° (adj. ∠s on st. line) By the sine formula,
= 110° AC DC
=
∠ADB = 180° − 30° − 110° (∠ sum of
) sin ∠ADC sin ∠DAC
18 sin 130°
= 40° ∴ AC = cm
sin 15°
By the sine formula,
∠CBA
u cm DB
= = 180° − 35° − 80° (int. ∠s, AB // DC)
sin ∠ADB sin ∠DAB
= 65°
7
∴ u = × sin 40°
sin 30° By the sine formula,
= 9.00 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) AB AC
=
∠BDC = 180° − 70° − 70° sin ∠ACB sin ∠CBA

= 40° 18 sin 130° sin 80°

∴ x = ×
sin 15° sin 65°
By the sine formula,
= 57.9 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
v cm DC
=
sin ∠BDC sin ∠DBC
7
v = × sin 40°
sin 70°
= 4.79 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

99
 Measures, Shape and Space

Find the values of B in
ABC for the following conditions. (7–10)

7. A = 55° , a = 5.5 cm , b = 4 cm 9. A = 140° , a = 12 cm , b = 6 cm

Solution Solution

By the sine formula, By the sine formula,

sin B sin A sin B sin A
= =
( b ) ( a ) b a
6 sin 140°
sin B =
4 sin 55°⎞
sin B = ⎛ 12
⎝ 5.5 ⎠ B = 18.7° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

B = ( 36.6° ) (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) or B = 161° (rejected)

or B = ( 143° ) (rejected)

8. A = 55° , a = 2 cm , b = 2.2 cm 10. A = 75° , a = 10 cm , b = 10 cm

Solution Solution
By the sine formula, By the sine formula,
sin B sin A sin B sin A
= =
b a b a
2.2 sin 55° 10 sin 75°
sin B = sin B =
2 10
B = 64.3° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) ∴ B = 75° or 105° (rejected)

or B = 116° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

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 9 More about Trigonometry (II)

Solve
ABC for the following conditions. (11–14)

11. A = 58° , C = 80° , b = 11 cm

Solution

B = 180° − ( 58° ) − ( 80° )

= ( 42° )

By the sine formula,

sin ( 42° ) sin ( 58° )
=
( 11 ) a

11 sin 58°
a = ( ) cm
sin 42°
= ( 13.9 ) cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
sin ( 42° ) sin ( 80° )
=
( 11 ) c

c = ( 11 sin 80° ) cm
sin 42°
= ( 16.2 ) cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

12. A = 118° , B = 34° , b = 30 cm

Solution
C = 180° − 118° − 34°
= 28°

By the sine formula,

a b
=
sin A sin B
30 sin 118°
a = cm
sin 34°
= 47.4 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

b c
=
sin B sin C
30 sin 28°
c = cm
sin 34°
= 25.2 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

101
 Measures, Shape and Space

13. B = 67° , a = 21 cm , b = 12 cm

Solution
By the sine formula,
sin A sin B
=
a b
21 sin 67°
sin A =
12
= 1.611
> 1
Q sin A ≤1 for all values of A
∴ The triangle does not exist.

14. A = 44° , a = 7.8 cm , c = 10.4 cm

Solution
By the sine formula,
sin C sin A
=
c a
10.4 sin 44°
sin C =
7.8
C = 67.9° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) or 112° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
B = 180° − A − C
= 180° − 44° − 67.852° or 180° − 44° − 112.148°
= 68.1° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) or 23.9° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

By the sine formula,

b a
=
sin B sin A
⎛ 7.8 ⎞ ⎛ 7.8 ⎞
b = × sin 68.1° cm or × sin 23.9° cm
⎝ sin 44° ⎠ ⎝ sin 44° ⎠
= 10.4 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig) or 4.54 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

∴ The solutions of
ABC are:

B = 68.1°, C = 67.9°, b = 10.4 cm

or B = 23.9°, C = 112°, b = 4.54 cm

102
9 More about Trigonometry (II) NON-FOUNDATION

Name :
9C
Date :
Mark :
9.3 The Cosine Formula
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Key Concepts and Formulae

The cosine formula A

a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A
c b
2 2 2
b + c − a
or cos A =
2 bc
B a C
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 − 2ac cos B
a 2 + c2 − b 2
or cos B =
2 ac

c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos C
a 2 + b 2 − c2
or cos C =
2 ab

(Unless otherwise specified, numerical answers should either be exact or correct to 3 significant
figures.)
Find the unknowns in the following triangles. (1–6)
1. C

11 cm
x cm

40o
A B
15 cm

Solution

By the cosine formula,

x = ( 11 ) 2 + ( 15 ) 2 − 2( 11 ) ( 15 ) cos ( 40° )
= ( 9.65 ) (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

103
 Measures, Shape and Space

2. C 4. C

5 cm θ 7.6 cm
5 cm

7 cm
A B
B 11 cm

θ 8 cm
A Solution
By the cosine formula,
Solution
5 2 + 7.6 2 − 112
By the cosine formula, cos θ =
2(5)(7.6)
2 2 2
( 7 ) +( 8 ) −( 5 ) θ = 120° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
cos θ =
2( 7 ) ( 8 )
( 11 )
=
( 14 )
θ = ( 38.2° ) (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
5. D

y cm
3. C

A
7 cm
20 cm x cm
11 cm 4 cm
40o
120o
73o
A x cm B
B 6 cm C

Solution
Solution
By the cosine formula,
By the cosine formula,
x 2 = 62 + 72 − 2(6)(7) cos 73°
202 = x 2 + 112 − 2(11) x cos 120°
x 2 + 11x − 279 = 0 x = 62 + 72 − 2(6)(7) cos 73°
= 7.77 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
−11 ± 112 − 4(1)(−279)
x =
2
By the cosine formula,
x = 12.1 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
y 2 = 42 + x 2 − 2(4)(x ) cos 40°
or x = 23.1 (rejected)
y = 42 + 7.7742 − 2(4)(7.774) cos 40°
= 5.37 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

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 9 More about Trigonometry (II)

6. C

θ
14.4 cm
y cm
x cm

40o
B D
8 cm A 9 cm

Solution
Consider
ABC.
By the cosine formula,
x 2 = 82 + 14.42 − 2(8)(14.4) cos 40°

x = 82 + 14.42 − 2(8)(14.4) cos 40°

= 9.74 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

Consider
BCD.
By the cosine formula,

y 2 = (8 + 9)2 + 14.42 − 2(8 + 9)(14.4) cos 40°

y = 172 + 14.42 − 2(17)(14.4) cos 40°

= 11.0 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

Consider
ACD.
2 2 2
x + y − 9
cos θ =
2 xy

9.740 2 + 11.014 2 − 81
=
2(9.740)(11.014)

θ = 50.9° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

105
 Measures, Shape and Space

Solve
ABC for the following conditions. (7–8)

7. A = 60° , b = 18 cm , c = 12 cm

Solution

By the cosine formula,

a = ( 18 ) 2 + ( 12 ) 2 − 2( 18 )( 12 ) cos ( 60° ) cm
= ( 252 ) cm
= ( 15.9 ) cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

a 2 + c 2 − b2
cos B =
2ac
( 252 )2 + ( 12 )2 − ( 18 )2
=
2( 252 )( 12 )
B = ( 79.1° ) (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

C = 180° − ( 60° ) − ( 79.1° )

= ( 40.9° ) (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

8. a = 8 cm , b = 10 cm , c = 13 cm
Solution

b2 + c2 − a2
cos A =
2bc
2 2 2
10 + 13 − 8
=
2(10)(13)
A = 38.0° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

a2 + c2 − b2
cos B =
2ac
8 2 + 13 2 − 10 2
=
2(8)(13)
B = 50.3° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

C = 180° − 37.958° − 50.251°

= 91.8° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

106
 9 More about Trigonometry (II)

9. In the figure, M and N are two points on AC and AB C

4 cm
respectively. AM = MC = CB = 4 cm , BN = 2 cm
4 cm M
and NA = 7 cm .
4 cm
43
(a) Show that cos A = .
48 B
2 cm N 7 cm
A

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find MN.

Solution

(a) By the cosine formula,

AC 2 + AB 2 − BC 2
cos A =
2(AC )(AB )

82 + 92 − 42
=
2(8)(9)
129
=
144
43
=
48

(b) Consider
AMN.

By the cosine formula,
MN 2 = AM 2 + AN 2 − 2(AM )(AN ) cos A

⎛ 43 ⎞
MN = 42 + 72 − 2(4)(7) cm
⎝ 48 ⎠
= 3.85 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

107
 Measures, Shape and Space

10. In the figure, AB is a diameter of the circle. By using the cosine D b C

2 abc
formula, prove that d 2 = a 2 + b 2 + c2 + . a c
d
Solution A
d
B

Join BD.
Consider
BCD.
b 2 + c 2 − BD 2
cos ∠BCD = K K (1)
2bc
∠DAB + ∠BCD = 180° (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)
∴ ∠DAB = 180° − ∠BCD
Consider
ABD.
d 2 + a 2 − BD 2
cos ∠DAB =
2ad
d 2 + a 2 − BD 2
cos (180° − ∠BCD ) =
2ad
BD 2 − d 2 − a 2
cos ∠BCD = K K (2)
2ad
From (1) and (2),
BD 2 − d 2 − a 2 b 2 + c 2 − BD 2
= K K (3)
2ad 2bc
Q ∠ADB = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)
∴ a 2 + BD 2 = d 2
BD 2 = d 2 − a 2 K K (4)
By substituting (4) into (3), we have
d 2 − a2 − d 2 − a2 b2 + c2 − d 2 + a2
=
2ad 2bc
−2a 2 b2 + c2 − d 2 + a2
=
2ad 2bc
−2abc
= b2 + c 2 − d 2 + a2
d
2abc
d 2 = a2 + b2 + c 2 +
d

108
9 More about Trigonometry (II) NON-FOUNDATION

Name :
9D
Date :
Mark :
9.4 Heron’s Formuala
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Key Concepts and Formulae

Heron’s formula A

Area of
ABC = s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c) ,

c b
a + b+ c
where s = .
2
B a C

(Unless otherwise specified, numerical answers should either be exact or correct to 3 significant
figures.)
In the following figures, find the area of the triangles. (1–2)

1. A 2. C

3.5 cm 9 cm
2.8 cm
6 cm

B C A B
3 cm 5 cm

Solution
Solution
6 + 9 + 5
( 3.5 ) + ( 2.8 ) + ( 3 ) s = cm
s = cm 2
( 2 )
= 10 cm
= ( 4.65 ) cm
s − a = (10 − 9) cm = 1 cm
s − a = [( 4.65 ) − ( 3 )] cm = ( 1.65 ) cm
s − b = (10 − 6) cm = 4 cm
s − b = [( 4.65 ) − ( 2.8 )] cm = ( 1.85 ) cm
s − c = (10 − 5) cm = 5 cm
s − c = [( 4.65 ) − ( 3.5 )] cm = ( 1.15 ) cm
∴ Area of
ABC
∴ Area of
ABC
= s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c )
= s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c ) = 10 × 1 × 4 × 5 cm2
= 4.65 × 1.65 × 1.85 × 1.15 cm2 = 14.1 cm2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 4.04 cm2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
109
 Measures, Shape and Space

In the following figures, the altitude of triangle is h cm. Find the value of h. (3–4)
3. D 4. C

4 cm 2.5 cm 24 cm
h cm
h cm 14 cm

A C A D
B 12 cm B
4.5 cm

Solution
Solution
12 + 14 + 24
s = cm
4 + 2.5 + 4.5 2
s = cm
2 = 25 cm
= 5.5 cm Area of
ABC
Area of
ACD = 25 × (25 − 12) × (25 − 14) × (25 − 24) cm2
= 5.5 × (5.5 − 4.5) × (5.5 − 4) × (5.5 − 2.5) cm2 = 3575 cm2
= 24.75 cm2 1
Q × AB × CD = area of
ABC
1 2
Q × AC × BD = area of
ACD
2 1
∴ × 12 × h = 3575
1 2
∴ × 4.5 × h = 24.75
2 h = 9.97 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
h = 2.21 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

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 9 More about Trigonometry (II)

5. The figure shows a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD. If AB = 13 cm , D

C
7.5 cm
BC = 5 cm , CD = 7.5 cm , DA = 6.5 cm and AB is a
6.5 cm
diameter of the circle, find the area of quadrilateral ABCD. 5 cm
A B
Solution 13 cm

Join AC.
∠ACB = 90° (∠ in semi-circle)
By Pythagoras’ theorem,
AC = AB 2 − CB 2 cm

= 132 − 52 cm
= 12 cm
1
∴ Area of
ABC = ⎛ × 5 × 12⎞ cm2
⎝2 ⎠

= 30 cm2

Consider
ACD.
By Heron’s formula,
6.5 + 7.5 + 12
s = cm
2
= 13 cm

∴ Area of
ACD = 13 × (13 − 12) × (13 − 6.5) × (13 − 7.5) cm2

= 21.6 cm2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The area of quadrilateral ABCD = (30 + 21.6) cm2
= 51.6 cm2

111
 Measures, Shape and Space

6. In the figure, OAC is a sector of radius 16 cm with centre O. C

If AB = 10 cm and BC = 20 cm , find the area of the

20 cm B
shaded region.
16 cm
Solution 10 cm

Join OB. O A

Consider
OAB.
By the cosine formula,
16 2 + 16 2 − 10 2
cos ∠AOB =
2(16)(16)
∴ ∠AOB = 36.4199°
By Heron’s formula,
16 + 16 + 10
s = cm
2
= 21 cm
Area of
OAB = 21 × (21 − 16) × (21 − 16) × (21 − 10) cm2
= 5775 cm2
Consider
OBC.
By the cosine formula,
16 2 + 16 2 − 20 2
cos ∠BOC =
2(16)(16)
∴ ∠BOC = 77.3644°
By Heron’s formula,
16 + 16 + 20
s = cm
2
= 26 cm
Area of
OBC = 26 × (26 − 16) × (26 − 16) × (26 − 20) cm2
= 15 600 cm2
Consider the sector OAC,
77.3644° + 36.4199°
area of the sector = × π × 162
360°
= 254.197 cm2
∴ The area of the shaded region = (254.197 − 5775 − 15 600 ) cm2
= 53.3 cm2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

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9 More about Trigonometry (II) NON-FOUNDATION

Name :
9E
Date :
Mark :
9.5 Trigonometric Problems in Two Dimensions
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

(Unless otherwise specified, numerical answers should either be exact or correct to 3 significant
figures.)
1. The figure shows three buildings A, B and C. The true bearings N

of B from C is 100° and C from A is 050°. It is known that

o
CB = 7.5 km and CA = 5 km. How far is B from A? C 100
7.5 km
N
5 km α β
Solution 50o
B

Mark the angles α and β as shown in the figure. A

α = 50°
β = 180° − 100° (adj. ∠s on st. line)
= 80°
∴ ∠ACB = 50° + 80°
= 130°
Consider
ABC.
By the cosine formula,
AB = AC 2 + BC 2 − 2(AC )(BC ) cos ∠ACB

= 52 + 7.52 − 2(5)(7.5) cos 130° km

= 11.4 km (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

113
 Measures, Shape and Space

2. The angles of elevation of the top D of a building from the D

bottom B and the top A of another building are 40° and 30°
respectively. If the height of AB is 70 m, find the height of
building CD.
A 30o
Solution
70 m
40o
Let h m be the height of building CD.
B C
h h − 70
=
tan 40° tan 30°
h tan 30° = h tan 40° − 70 tan 40°
70 tan 40°
h =
tan 40° − tan 30°
= 224 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The height of building CD is 224 m.

3. A man at a lighthouse L, observed two ships, P and Q. The true bearing N

of P from L is 040°. The distance between P and Q was 5 km, and the
true bearing of Q from L was 150°. It is known that ∠LQP = 40° . Find P

(a) the true bearing of L from P, (b) the true bearing of L from Q, α

(c) the distance between P and L. N

40o
Solution
5 km
L 150o
With the notations in the figure,
(a) α = 40° . The true bearing of L from P = 180° + 40° = 220° N

(b) β = 150° − 90° = 60° . The true bearing of L from Q = 270° + 60° = 330° 40o
β
Q
(c) ∠PLQ = 150° − 40°
= 110°
By the sine formula,
PL PQ
=
sin ∠PQL sin ∠PLQ
⎛ 5 ⎞
PL = × sin 40° km
⎝ sin 110° ⎠
= 3.42 km (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

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 9 More about Trigonometry (II)

4. From the top A of a flagstaff AB, the 5. In the figure, AB is a tree and CD is a
angles of depression of the top C and the building. The angle of elevation of A
bottom D of another flagstaff CD are 30° from D is 15°, while the angle of
and 60° respectively. If the height of depression of A from C is 35°. If the
flagstaff AB is 80 m and the height of height of the building is 40 m, find the
flagstaff CD is h m, find the value of h. height of the tree.
A C
F F
30o 35o
60o
C
E
40 m
80 m
A E
hm

15o
B D
B D

Solution
Solution
With the notations in the figure,
With the notations in the figure,
let h m be the height of the tree.
consider
ABD.
Consider
AEC.
∠ADB = 60° (alt ∠s, AF // BD)
∠CAE = 35° (alt ∠s, CF // AE)
80 m
BD =
tan 60° 40 − h
AE = m
tan 35°
Consider
AEC.
Consider
ABD.
∠ACE = 30° (alt ∠s, AF // EC)
h
80 − h BD = m
EC = m tan 15°
tan 30°
Q AE = BD
Q BD = EC
40 − h h
80 80 − h =
∴ = tan 35° tan 15°
tan 60° tan 30°
40 tan 15° − h tan 15° = h tan 35°
80
= 3 (80 − h)
3 40 tan 15°
h =
tan 15° + tan 35°
80
h = 80 − = 11.1 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
3
= 53.3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) ∴ The height of the tree is 11.1 m.

115
 Measures, Shape and Space

6. The figure shows three towns A, B and (b) Let h km be the required shortest distance.
C. The true bearing of B from C is 135°, 1 1
× AB × h = × AB × BC × sin ∠ABC
AB = 52 km , BC = 38 km and 2 2
AC = 25 km . ∴ h = BC sin ∠ABC
N = (38 sin 26.944°) km
o
C 135 = 17.2 km (cor. to 3 sig. fig)
25 km ∴ The shortest distance of the man
h km 38 km from town C is 17.2 km.
A

N
52 km
D 7. In the figure, CD is a lamppost standing
B vertically on a hillside AC sloping at 20°
to the horizontal. E is a point on AC such
(a) Find the compass bearing of A from B.
that E is 3 m from C. The angle of
(b) If a man travels from B to A, what elevation of D from E is 65°. Find the
is the shortest distance of the man height of the lamppost CD.
from town C.
D
Solution

(a) With the notations in the figure,

by the cosine formula,
65o
3m
AB 2 + BC 2 − AC 2 C
cos ∠ABC = E
2( AB )(BC )

52 2 + 38 2 − 25 2 20o
= A B
2(52)(38)

∴ ∠ABC = 26.944° Solution

∠DBA = (180° − 135°) + 26.944°
Consider
CDE.
= 71.9° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∠DEC = 65° − 20° = 45°
∴ The compass bearing of A from
∠EDC = 180° − 90° − 65°
B is N71.9°W .
= 25°
By the sine formula,
CD EC
=
sin ∠DEC sin ∠EDC
CD 3m
=
sin 45° sin 25°
CD = 5.02 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The height of the lamppost is 5.02 m.

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 9 More about Trigonometry (II)

8. Two cars A and B leave P at the same time. Car A travels at 25 km/h N

on a course of S40°E and car B travels at 40 km/h on a course of P

B 40o
S60°W. Find

25
60o

km
/h
km

/h
(a) the distance between the two cars, N 40 A

(b) the compass bearing of C from D E C

D
after two hours.

Solution

(a) After two hours, the distance travelled by car A = (2 × 25) km = 50 km; the distance
travelled by car B = (2 × 40) km = 80 km
By the cosine formula,
DC = PC 2 + PD 2 − 2(PC )(PD ) cos ∠DPC

= 502 + 802 − 2(50)(80) cos 100° km

= 101 km (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The distance between the two cars is 101 km after two hours.

(b) By the sine formula,

DC PC
=
sin ∠DPC sin ∠PDC
101.44 50
=
sin 100° sin ∠PDC
50
sin ∠PDC = × sin 100°
101.44
∠PDC = 29.0° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
With the notation in the figure,
∠EDC = 60° + 29.0°
= 89.0°
∴ The compass bearing of C from D is N89.0°E after two hours.

117
 9 More about Trigonometry (II) NON-FOUNDATION

Name :
9F
Date :
Mark :
9.6B Problems in Three Dimensions
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Key Concepts and Formulae

Line of greatest slope F X E

If PX ⊥ AB , PX is the line of greatest slope of the

inclined plane ABEF. D
C

A P B

(Unless otherwise specified, numerical answers should either be exact or correct to 3 significant
figures.)
1. The figure shows a cube of side 20 cm. Find H G

(a) the length of BH,

E F
(b) the angle between the line BH and the plane ABCD.
D C
Solution θ

(a) Join BD and consider
ABD. A B

( BD )2 = ( AB )2 + ( AD )2 (Pyth. theorem)
Consider
HBD.
BH 2 = ( BD ) 2 + ( HD ) 2 (Pyth. theorem)
∴ BH = ( AB ) + ( AD ) + ( HD ) 2
2 2 2

∴ BH = 202 + 202 + 202 cm

= 34.6 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

(b) Let θ be the angle between BH and the plane ABCD.

( HD ) ( 20 )
sin θ = =
( BH ) ( 34.641 )
∴ θ = ( 35.3° ) (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The angle between the line BH and the plane ABCD is ( 35.3° ).
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 9 More about Trigonometry (II)

2. In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a rectangular block with H G

AB = 12 cm , BC = 9 cm and CG = 5 cm . Find
5 cm
(a) the length of AG, E F
D C
(b) the angle between the line AG and the plane BCGF.
9 cm
Solution
A 12 cm B
(a) Join AC and AG.
Consider
ABC.
AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
Consider
ACG.
AG 2 = AC 2 + CG 2 (Pyth. theorem)
∴ AG 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 + CG 2

AG = 122 + 92 + 52 cm
= 250 cm
= 15.8 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

(b) The angle between AG and the plane BCGF is ∠AGB.

BG = BC 2 + CG 2 (Pyth. theorem)

= 92 + 52 cm
= 106 cm
AB
tan ∠AGB =
BG
12
=
106
∠AGB = 49.4° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The angle between AG and the plane BCGF is 49.4°.

119
 Measures, Shape and Space

3. In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a rectangular block with AB = 8 cm , H G

BC = 6 cm and CG = 5 cm . Find the angles between E F
5 cm
(a) AG and plane ADHE, D
C
(b) HB and plane CGHD. A B
6 cm
8 cm

Solution

(a) The angle between AG and the plane ADHE is ∠GAH. H G

AH = AD 2 + DH 2 (Pyth. theorem) E F
5 cm
2 2
= 6 + 5 cm D
C
= 61 cm 6 cm
A 8 cm B
8
tan ∠GAH =
61
∴ ∠GAH = 45.7° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The angle between AG and the plane ADHE is 45.7°.

(b) The angle between HB and the plane CGHD is ∠BHC. H G

2 2
HC = DC + HD (Pyth. theorem) F
E 5 cm
2 2
= 8 + 5 cm D
C
= 89 cm 6 cm
A 8 cm B
BC
tan ∠BHC =
HC
6
=
89
∴ ∠BHC = 32.5° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The angle between HB and the plane CGHD is 32.5°.

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 9 More about Trigonometry (II)

4. The figure shows a right pyramid of height 8 cm. Its base is a T

square of side 10 cm. Find

(a) the length of TQ,
S R
8 cm
(b) the angle between the plane TQR and the plane PQRS.
Solution O
M

(a) SQ = 102 + 102 cm (Pyth. theorem) P

10 cm Q
= 200 cm
1
OQ = SQ (Property of square)
2
200
= cm
2
= 50 cm

TQ = 82 + ( 50 )2 cm
= 114 cm
= 10.7 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

(b) QR is the line of intersection of the planes TQR and PQRS.

Let M be the mid-point of QR.
Q
TQR is an isosceles triangle.
∴ TM ⊥ QR
Q
OQR is also an isosceles triangle.
∴ OM ⊥ QR
The angle between the planes TQR and PQRS is ∠TMO.
Consider
TOM.
TO 8
tan ∠TMO = =
MO 5
∠TMO = 58.0° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The angle between the planes TQR and PQRS is 58.0°.

121
 Measures, Shape and Space

5. In the figure, ABCDEF is a right triangular prism. If CF = 15 cm , D

F
AB = BC = 5 cm and AC = 6 cm , find the angle between the E
planes ACE and ABC.

Solution 15 cm

AC is the line of intersection of the planes ACE and ABC.

By symmetry, AE = EC . A 6 cm
2 2 M C
AE = 5 + 15 cm 5 cm
5 cm
= 250 cm B

∴ AE = EC = 250 cm
Let M be the mid-point of AC.
Q
ACE is an isosceles triangle
∴ EM ⊥ AC
Q
ABC is an isosceles triangle
∴ MB ⊥ AC
∴ The angle between the plane ACE and the plane ABC is ∠EMB.
EM = AE 2 − AM 2

= 250 − 32 cm
= 241 cm

BM = AB 2 − AM 2

= 52 − 32 cm
= 4 cm
Consider
EBM.
2 2 2
EM + MB − EB
cos ∠EMB =
2(EM )(MB)
2 2
241 + 4 − 15
=
2( 241)(4)
∠EMB = 75.1° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The angle between the planes ACE and ABC is 75.1°.

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 9 More about Trigonometry (II)

6. The figure shows a hillside ABFE sloping at 30° to the E F

horizontal ground ABCD. AF is a straight path of 100 m

long, making an angle 40° with AB. Find
C
D
(a) the height of E above the ground, 0m
10

(b) the inclination of the path AF to the ground. θ 30o

40o
Solution A B

(a) BF = AF sin 40°

= 100 sin 40° m
FC = BF sin 30°
= (100 sin 40° × sin 30°) m
= 32.1 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Q ED = FC
∴ The height of E above the ground is 32.1 m.

(b) Let θ be the angle of inclination of the path AF to the ground.

FC
sin θ =
AF
32.139
=
100
∴ θ = 18.7° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The inclination of the path AF to the ground is 18.7°.

123
 Measures, Shape and Space

7. A door of dimensions 2 m by 1 m is opened through an angle of 40° D F

40o
from position AEFD to position ABCD as shown. Find
C
(a) the length of AC,
2m
(b) the distance between C and F, θ

(c) the angle between AC and AF.

A E
Solution 1m
B
(a) AC = AB 2 + BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)

= 12 + 22 m
= 2.24 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

(b) By the cosine formula,

CF = DC 2 + DF 2 − 2(DC )(DF ) cos ∠FDC

= 12 + 12 − 2(1)(1) cos 40° m

= 0.684 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

(c) Let θ be the angle between AC and AF.

Consider
ACF.
2 2 2
AC + AF − CF
cos θ =
2( AC )(AF )
2 2 2
( 5 ) + ( 5 ) − 0.6840
=
2( 5 )( 5 )
∴ θ = 17.6° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The angle between AC and AF is 17.6°.

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 9 More about Trigonometry (II)

8. The figure shows a cuboid of 9. The figure shows a right pyramid

dimensions 3 cm × 5 cm × 7 cm . The VABCD with a square base of side 10 cm.
diagonal AG makes an angle θ with the If VA = VB = VC = VD = 15 cm ,
face BCGF. Find the angle θ. VM ⊥ AB and VN ⊥ CD, find the angle
H G
between the lines VM and VN.
V

θ 7 cm
15 cm
E F
D C

C
D N
5 cm

10 cm
A 3 cm B

A M B
Solution
Solution
AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
AG 2 = AC 2 + CG 2 (Pyth. theorem) The angle between the lines VM and VN
2 2 2 2 is ∠MVN.
∴ AG = AB + BC + CG

∴ AG = 32 + 52 + 72 cm Clearly, AM = MB
10 cm
= 83 cm ∴ AM =
2
BG = BC 2 + CG 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 5 cm
2 2
= 5 + 7 cm Consider
VAM.
= 74 cm VM = 152 − 52 cm (Pyth. theorem)
By the cosine formula, = 200 cm
2 2 2
AG + BG − AB By symmetry, VM = VN = 200 cm .
cos θ =
2( AG )(BG )
MN = BC
2 2 2
( 83 ) + ( 74 ) − 3 = 10 cm
=
2( 83 )( 74 )
Consider
VMN.
∴ θ = 19.2° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
By the cosine formula,
VM 2 + VN 2 − MN 2
cos ∠MVN =
2(VM )(VN )
2 2 2
( 200 ) + ( 200 ) − 10
=
2( 200 )( 200 )
= 0.75
∴ ∠MVN = 41.4° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

125
 Measures, Shape and Space

10. The figure shows a cube of side 10 cm. The diagonals EC and H G

BH intersect at K. Find the angle θ.

E
F
Solution
Consider rectangle EBCH. 10 cm
K
θ
HK = KB (property of rectangle) D C
EK = KC (property of rectangle) 10 cm
A 10 cm B
AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)

EC 2 = AC 2 + AE 2 (Pyth. theorem)
∴ EC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 + AE 2

EC = 102 + 102 + 102 cm

= 300 cm
By symmetry,
EC = HB
1
∴ KB = KC = EC
2
300
= cm
2
= 75 cm
Consider
KBC.
By the cosine formula,
KB 2 + KC 2 − BC 2
cos θ =
2(KB )(KC )
2
( 75) + ( 75 )2 − 10 2
=
2( 75 )( 75 )

1
=
3
∴ θ = 70.5° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

126
9 More about Trigonometry (II) NON-FOUNDATION

Name :
9G
Date :
Mark :
9.6C Further Applications of Trigonometry in Three Dimensions
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

(Unless otherwise specified, numerical answers should either be exact or correct to 3 significant
figures.)
1. From a point B due south of a flagstaff TA, a man observes that the T

angle of elevation of T is 20°. He then walks 200 m in the direction

N65°W to a point C, which is in the direction S55°W from A. Find N

(a) the height of the flagstaff TA,

A
(b) the angle of elevation of T from C. C
55o

Solution 200 m 20o

65o
(a) ∠ACB = 180° − 65° − 55° (∠ sum of
)
B
= 60°
By the sine formula,
AB CB CA
= =
sin ∠ACB sin ∠CAB sin ∠CBA
AB 200 CA
= =
sin 60° sin 55° sin 65°
200 sin 60°
∴ AB = m
sin 55°
200 sin 65°
CA = m
sin 55°

Consider
TAB.
TA
= tan 20°
AB
⎛ 200 sin 60° ⎞
∴ TA = × tan 20° m
⎝ sin 55° ⎠
= 77.0 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

127
 Measures, Shape and Space

(b) Consider
TAC.

TA
tan ∠TCA =
CA
200 sin 60° tan 20° sin 55°
= ×
sin 55° 200 sin 65°
∴ ∠TCA = 19.2° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The angle of elevation of T from C is 19.2°.

2. In the figure,
ABC is located on the horizontal ground. T

T is vertically above C. If AB = 150 m , ∠CAB = 30° ,

∠CBA = 35° and ∠TBC = 40° , find
(a) the height of TC,
C 40o
(b) the angle of depression of A from T.
30o 35o
A B
Solution 150 m

(a) ∠ACB = 180° − 30° − 35° (∠ sum of
)

= 115°
By the sine formula,
BC AC 150
= =
sin 30° sin 35° sin 115°
150 sin 30°
∴ BC = m
sin 115°
150 sin 35°
AC = m
sin 115°
Consider
TBC.
TC
= tan 40°
BC
⎛ 150 sin 30° ⎞
TC = × tan 40° m
⎝ sin 115° ⎠
= 69.4 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(b) Q The angle of depression of A from T is equal to ∠TAC.
Consider
TAC.
TC
tan ∠ TAC =
AC
150 sin 30° tan 40° sin 115°
= ×
sin 115° 150 sin 35°
∴ ∠TAC = 36.2° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The angle of depression of A from T is 36.2°.
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 9 More about Trigonometry (II)

3. Two ships X and Y are due east and due south of a lighthouse T

TM of height 50 m respectively. The angles of elevation of T N

50 m
from X and Y are 30° and 45° respectively. Find
N
(a) the compass bearing of Y from X,
30o X
W E
(b) the distance between X and Y. M

45o
Solution P
Y
(a) With the notations in the figure, consider
TMX. S

50
MX = m = 50 3 m
tan 30°
Consider
TMY.
50
MY = m = 50 m
tan 45°
Consider
XYM.
MY
tan ∠YXM =
MX
50
=
50 3
1
=
3
∠YXM = 30°
∠PXY = 90° − 30° = 60°
∴ The compass bearing of Y from X is S60°W.

(b) XY = MX 2 + MY 2 (Pyth. theorem)

= (50 3 )2 + 502 m
= 100 m
∴ This distance between X and Y is 100 m.

129
 Measures, Shape and Space

4. A, B and C are three points on a straight line which lies on a T

horizontal plane such that AB = BC = 30 m . TO is a

vertical tower of height 25 m. The foot O of the tower lies on
25 m N N
the same plane as A, B and C. If A and C are due south and C
E
due east of O respectively, and the angle of elevation of T O
30 m
o
40 θ
from A is 40°, find B
30 m
(a) the compass bearing of A from C, A

(b) the angle of elevation of T from C,

(c) the angle of depression of B from T.

Solution

(a) With the notations in the figure,

25
AO = m
tan 40°
= 29.7938 m
Consider
OAC.
AO
sin ∠OCA =
AC
25
=
60 tan 40°
∠OCA = 29.7729°
θ = 90° − 29.7729° = 60.2° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The compass bearing of A from C is S60.2°W.

(b) OC = AC 2 − OA2 (Pyth. theorem)

= 602 − 29.79382 m
= 52.0800 m
25
tan ∠TCO =
52.0800
∴ ∠TCO = 25.6° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The angle of elevation of T from C is 25.6°.

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 9 More about Trigonometry (II)

(c) The angle of depression of B from T is equal to ∠TBO.

Consider
OBC.
By the cosine formula,
OB 2 = BC 2 + OC 2 − 2(BC )(OC ) cos ∠OCA

OB = 302 + 52.08002 − 2(30)(52.0800) cos 29.7729° m

= 29.9999 m
Consider
TOB.
TO
tan ∠TBO =
OB
25
=
29.9999
∴ ∠TBO = 39.8° (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The angle of depression of B from T is 39.8°.

5. From a point A due west of a tower TC, which is of height T

400 m, the angle of elevation of T is θ. From another point B
400 m
due south of the tower, the angle of elevation of T is 30°. N
If AB = 800 m ,
A θ
E
(a) find BC, C

(b) express AC in terms of θ, 800 m

30o
(c) by considering
ABC, find θ.
B
Solution
TC TC
(a) tan ∠TBC = (b) tan θ =
BC AC
400 m TC
∴ BC = ∴ AC =
tan 30° tan θ
= 400 3 m 400
= m
tan θ
= 693 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

131
 Measures, Shape and Space

(c) Q ∠ACB = 90°

∴ AB 2 = AC 2 + BC 2
2
⎛ 400 ⎞
8002 = + (400 3 )2
⎝ tan θ ⎠
2
⎛ 400 ⎞
= 8002 − (400 3 )2
⎝ tan θ ⎠

400 2
tan2θ =
800 2 − ( 400 3 )2

= 1
tan θ = 1
θ = 45°

6. In the figure, VZ is a tower of height x m due north of a point X. V

Y is a point 250 m in the direction of S55°E from X. The angles N

of elevation of V from X and Y are 50° and 40° respectively. xm

Find the height of the tower.
Z
Solution 50o

x x
XZ = m, ZY = m X
tan 50° tan 40° W E
55o 40o
∠ZXY = 180° − 55° (adj. ∠s on st. line)
250 m
= 125° S
Y
By the cosine formula,
ZY 2 = XZ 2 + XY 2 − 2(XZ )(XY ) cos 125°
2 2
x x ⎛ x ⎞
= + 250° − 2 (250) cos 125°
2
tan 40 2
tan 50 ⎝ tan 50° ⎠
⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 500 ⎞
− x + cos 125° x − 2502 = 0
⎝ tan 2 40 2
tan 50 ⎠ ⎝ tan 50° ⎠

0.7162x 2 − 240.64x − 2502 = 0

By the quadratic formula,
x = 508 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) or x = −172 (rejected)
∴ The height of the tower is 508 m.

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9 More about Trigonometry (II) NON-FOUNDATION

Name :
9H
Date :
Mark :
Multiple Choice Questions
1. In the figure AB = 2 x , AC = x 3. Find the area of the parallelogram as
and ∠BAC = 30° . If the area of shown in the figure.
¡ ABC = 8, find the value of x. D C
A 2x
30o B 6 cm
x 120o
A 10.5 cm B
C

A. 2 A. 22.1 cm2
B. 3 B. 27.3 cm2
C. 4 C. 28.5 cm2
C D. 54.6 cm2 D
D. 5

2. In the figure, if AC = 4 cm , 4. In the figure,

AC
=
∠CAB = 105° and ∠ACB = 30° , find AB
BC. C

30o

4 cm 75o 45o
A B
o
105
A B 3
A. .
3
A. 4.4 cm
3
B. 4.8 cm B. .
2
C. 5.1 cm
6
D. 5.5 cm D C. .
2
6 D
D. .
3

133
 Measures, Shape and Space

5. In the figure, x = A. 6 2m
C B. 6( 3 + 1) m
2x cm C. 12 3 m
x cm D. 18(1 + 2) m B

30o
A 10 cm
B 8. In the figure, BC = 3 AB . Which of the
following MUST be true?
A. 5. D
B. 6.
10 3
C. .
3
θ φ
15 3 C A C
D. . B
3
6. In the figure, AC = CB = 5 cm , A. tan θ = 2 tan φ
∠ABC = 35° and ∠CAD = 50° . B. tan θ = tan 2φ
Find AD. C. tan θ = 4 tan φ
A
tan θ − tan φ = 2 C
D.
50o
9. In the figure, the area of ¡ ABC =
C
35o
B D
C

3 cm
5 sin 70°
A. cm
sin 60°
70o 40o
B. 3 sin 70° cm A B

5 sin 50° 9 sin 2 70°

C. cm A. cm 2
sin 70° 2 sin 40°
A
D. 2 sin 85° cm B. 6 sin 110° cm 2
3 sin 40°
7. In the figure, ∠ABD = 60° , C. cm 2
sin 70°
∠BCD = 45° and BC = 12 m .
Find AB. 3 sin 2 40° A
D. cm 2
2 sin 70°
D

60o 45o
A C
B 12 m

134
 9 More about Trigonometry (II)

10. In the figure, the compass bearings of B 12. In the figure, OP is a pole which is
and C from A are N70°E and N30°E perpendicular to the plane OAB. The
respectively. The compass bearing of C angles of elevation of P from A and B are
from B is N35°W. If AB = 200 m , then 30° and 45° respectively. Find the height
BC = of pole OP.
C P
N

35o N
N 45o B
B E
O
30o 30o
80 m
200 m A
70o
A
A. 40 m
A. 140 m.
B. 45 m
B. 142 m.
C. 50 m
C. 150 m. A
D. 62 m
D. 172 m. B
13. In the figure, ABCDEFG is a cube. Find
11. In the figure, VC is a vertical pole cos θ .
standing on the horizontal ground ABC. H G
If ∠VBC = 60° , ∠VAC = 45° and θ
∠ABC = α , find tan α. E
F
V

N D C

60o B A B
α E
C
45o A. 1
A 1
B.
2
1 1
A. C.
3 3
2 D
B. 3 D.
3
C. 2 3
D. 2 B

135
 Measures, Shape and Space

14. In the figure, the true bearing of Q from 16. In the figure, A, B and C are located on
P is the horizontal ground. X is 60 m
N vertically above C. If AB = 180 m ,
R ∠CAB = 36° and ∠CBA = 40° , find
55o
30 m
the angle of depression of A from X.
P 86 m X

96 m
60 m
Q
C
36o 40o
A. 101.2° A
180 m
B

B. 113.5°
A. 20°
C. 116.8°
C B. 21.5°
D. 123.1°
C. 25.3°
15. In the figure, the compass bearing of C D. 26.7° D
from A is N30°E while the compass
bearing of A from B is N75°W. If 17. The figure shows a right triangular
AC = 40 m and AB = 70 m , find BC. prism. Find the angle between AC and
C
the plane BCEF, correct to the nearest
N
degree.
30o A D
40 m N
1 cm
o
A 75 E
F
70 m
3 cm
B
B
4 cm C
A. 69.2 m
A. 11°
B. 71.1 m
B. 12°
C. 76.8 m
C. 13°
D. 80.5 m B A
D. 14°

136
 9 More about Trigonometry (II)

18. In the figure, AB and CD are two vertical 20. A man cycles from P to Q at 10 km/h in
flagstaffs standing on the horizontal the direction of S50°W in half an hour.
ground. The angle of elevation of D He then cycles at the same speed to R
from B is 20° while the angle of which is due south of P. How long does
depression of D from A is 25°. Find BD. the man take to travel from Q to R if R is
A in the direction of S30°E from Q.
25o N

4m D P
N
50o

20o Q
B C
30o
A. 2.1 m
B. 3.5 m
C. 4.6 m
R
D
D. 5.1 m
A. 0.52 h
19. In the figure, express BC in terms of x,
α, β and γ. B. 0.68 h
C
C. 0.77 h
D. 0.78 h C
β
D α

γ
A B

A. x sin α sin β
x sin α
B.
sin β sin γ
x sin 2α
C.
sin β
x sin γ B
D.
sin γ sin β

137