Note: The finished activity should be submitted to moodle before 5 pm today.

You can do
the activity in digital format or send a picture if you do it in your folder.
Exercise 1. Concept map (you can send a picture of the one you did in class last
Wednesday)
This exercise will help you remember what you have learnt last year.
Follow this guide to organize the concept map

Note: Do the exercises based on what you remember and what you revisited when you
were doing the concept map. Then, you may check your answers using your book.

Exercise 2. Rocks and minerals

This exercise will help you remember the basics about rocks and minerals
Answer the questions by choosing the correct option
● 1.
What are the names of the 3 types of rocks?

○ A. Pebbles, boulders, mountains

○ B. Sand, gravel, clay
○ C. Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic X
○ D. Diamonds, rubies, pearls
○ E. None of the above

● 2.
What is the molten liquid rock called inside of a volcano?

○ A. Lava
○ B. Magma
○ C. Ash
○ D. Igneous
○ E. None of the above

● 3.
What are the names of the layers of the earth?

○ A. Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

○ B. Hot, hotter, hottest
○ C. Sand, gravel, iron, nickel
○ D. Land, water, air, atmosphere, landforms
○ E. None of the above

● 4.
The rock cycle is where
 ○ A. The earth moves in circles to move rocks from inside the earth to outside
the crust
○ B. The water is pushed up from the inside the earth
○ C. Rocks ride a bicycle
○ D. Rocks have heat, pressure, or both placed on them and rocks change
○ E. None of the above

● 5.
Which rock type has fossils imbedded inside?

○ A. Igneous
○ B. Sedimentary
○ C. Metamorphic
○ D. Boulders
○ E. All of the above
● 6.
Rocks are made of minerals.

○ A. True X
○ B. False

● 7.
Minerals are

○ A. Similar to rocks in the fact that they are made of minerals

○ B. Similar to rocks because they have 3 types: metamorphic, igneous, and
sedimentary
○ C. Different than rocks because they are made of chemicals

● 8.
Metamorphic rocks are formed by

○ A. Extreme heat and pressure

○ B. Cooling and hardening
○ C. The breaking down of other rocks and mountains
○ D. None of the above

● 9.
The following is a metamorphic rock

○ A. Granite
○ B. Marble
○ C. Shale
○ D. All of the above
○

● 10.
 Sedimentary rock is made by the breaking down of mountains due to
erosion

○ A. True
○ B. False

Exercise 3. The rock cycle

This exercise will help you understand the basics of the rock cycle, including important
terms

1- Insert these words into the correct spaces on the diagram

Extrusive Igneous rocks sedimentary rocks metamorphic
rocks
intrusive Igneous rocks magma from molten crust and mantle

2- Explain the processes from A to G

Exercise 4. The impacts of rock and mineral extraction

This exercise will help you understand the impacts of rock and mineral extraction on local
communities and ecosystems

1- Watch the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ynN39sfqT8w

2- Answer the questions:
a- What type of mine are they talking about?
b- Describe the environmental impact of these mines that are
mentioned in the video.
c- What other types of mining do you know? Describe them briefly.

Answers:
1)
2) 1-C
2-B
3- A
4-A
5-B
6-A
7-C
8-A
9-B
10-B

3)

EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS

INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS

 METAMORPHIC

MAGMA FROM MOLTEN CRUST AND MANTLE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

WEATHERING AND EROSION

Weathering is the process where rock is dissolved, worn away or broken

down into smaller and smaller pieces.Once the rock has been weakened and
broken up by weathering it is ready for erosion. Erosion happens when rocks
and sediments are picked up and moved to another place by ice, water, wind
or gravity.

TRANSPORTATION AND DEPOSITION

TRANSPORT: Moving material. The force of the flowing water moves the mud, sand,
pebbles and silt created by erosion.

DEPOSITION: Dumping material. The sand, mud, pebbles and silt being transported by the
river is eventually dropped. These processes of erosion, transport and deposition are directly
linked to how much energy a river has.

SEDIMENTATION

Process of deposition of a solid material from a state of suspension or

solution in a fluid (usually air or water).

COMPACTION AND CEMENTATION

Compaction is the process in which sediment is squeezed and in which the size of the pore
space between sediment grains is reduced by the weight and pressure of overlying layers.

Cementation is the process in which sediments are glued together by minerals that are
deposited by water.
BURIAL, HIGH TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES

● Temperature

○ Temperature increases with depth in the Earth along the Geothermal

Gradient. Thus higher temperature can occur by burial of rock.

○ Temperature can also increase due to igneous intrusion.

● Pressure increases with depth of burial, thus, both pressure and temperature will
vary with depth in the Earth. Pressure is defined as a force acting equally from all
directions. It is a type of stress, called hydrostatic stress, or uniform stress.

If the stress is not equal from all directions, then the stress is called a differential
stress.

MELTING

Melting, is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid
to a liquid. This occurs when the internal energy of the solid increases, typically by the
application of heat or pressure, which increases the substance's temperature to the melting
point. At the melting point, the ordering of ions or molecules in the solid breaks down to a
less ordered state, and the solid melts to become a liquid.

SLOW UPLIFT TO THE SURFACE

Uplift is the process by which the earth's surface slowly rises either due to increasing upward
force applied from below or decreasing downward force (weight) from above.
4)
a)They are talking about surface mining (strip mining)
b)-It ends up dissolving a lot of minerals into the water and organisms
can’t tolerate that, so it kills organisms in the stream. And so that
material, that water that now is heavily polluted, runs out of the base of
the valley fill into streams and eventually into rivers below.
-They also store the mining waste in these huge earthen dams, and they
are holding back millions of gallons of toxic sludge that’s leaking into the
drinking water.
c) SURFACE MINING:
Open-cast: This type of mining is used when a valuable deposit is
near the surface.
 Open-pit: Is carefully dug in sections called benches.

SUBSURFACE MINING:Involves digging tunnels into the ground to

reach mineral deposits that to deep to be removed by surface mining.