University of La Salette, Inc.

College of Engineering and Architecture

Santiago City

Module 3: PRINCIPLES OF FEEDBACK

Introduction
Feedback refers to an iterative cycle of quantifying the desired behavior. Control system objectives usually
include maximization of throughput, speed, yield safety and more. This module gives the first indication
that the desired performance objectives are usually in conflict with each other and therefore form a network
of trade-offs. The desired performance is typically quantified as the accuracy with which the outputs should
attain their desired values.
Designing and operating an automated process so that it maintains specifications on profitability, quality,
safety, environmental impact, etc., requires a close interaction between experts from different disciplines.
These include, for example, computer-, process-, mechanical-, instrumentation- and control-engineers.
Since each of these disciplines views the process and its control from a different perspective, they have
adopted different categories, or elements, in terms of which they think about the automated system. The
computer engineer, for example, would think in terms of computer hardware, network infrastructure,
operating system and application software. The mechanical engineer would emphasize the mechanical
components from which the process is assembled, whereas the instrumentation engineer would think in
terms of actuators, sensors and their electrical wiring. The control engineer, in turn, thinks of the elements
of a control system in terms of abstract quantities such as signals, systems and dynamic responses. These
elements can be further specified by their physical realization, the associated model or their properties
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Define inversion
2. Explain Feedback
3. Discuss the principal components of a feedback loop
4. Describe desired performance
5. Explain the Control system objectives

Discussion:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YDoHun-FhEpqPezCkgeZqdGL9F25m8a2/view?usp=sharing
Summary:
• Control is concerned with finding technically, environmentally and commercially feasible ways
of acting on a technological system to control its outputs to desired values while ensuring a
desired level of performance.
• Fundamental to control engineering is the concept of inversion.
• Inversion can be achieved by a feedback architecture.
• Feedback refers to an iterative cycle of
o quantifying the desired behavior

THIS MODULE IS FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LA SALETTE, INC. ANY FORM OF REPRODUCTION,
DISTRIBUTION, UPLOADING, OR POSTING ONLINE IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF
THE UNIVERSITY IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED.
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 University of La Salette, Inc.
College of Engineering and Architecture
Santiago City

o measuring the actual values of relevant system variables by sensors

o inferring the actual system state from the measurements
o comparing the inferred state to the desired state
o computing a corrective action to bring the actual system to the desired state
o applying the corrective action to the system via actuators
o repeating the above steps.

Evaluation: Answer the following briefly. Submit your work through CLMS, 1 week after receiving this module.
1. Define inversion
2. Explain Feedback
3. Discuss the principal components of a feedback loop
4. Describe desired performance
5. Explain the Control system objectives

Rubrics: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VzD3YpOO4ovwcWk9Ag0P0mIe2prq6jEY/view?usp=sharing

References:
• Astrom, K. and Wittenmark, B. (1990). Computer Controlled Systems. Theory and Design. Prentice–
Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., second edition.
• D’Azzo, J. and Houpis, C. (1988). Feedback Control Systems Analysis and Synthesis. McGraw–Hill,
New York.
• Doeblin, E.O. (1985). Control System Principles and Design. Wiley, New York.
• Dorf, R. (1989). Modern Control Systems. Addison–Wesley, Reading, Mass., fifth edition.
• Dorf, R. C., & Bishop, R. H. (2011). Modern control systems. Pearson.
• Franklin, G.F., Powell, J.D., and Emami–Naeini, A. (1991). Feedback Control of Dynamics Systems.
Addison–Wesley, Reading, Mass., second edition.
• Kuo, B.C. (1995). Automatic Control Systems. Prentice–Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., seventh edition.
• Levine, W.S., editor (1996). The Control Handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
• Nise, N. S. (2020). Control systems engineering. John Wiley & Sons.
• Ogata, K. (1995). Discrete-time control systems (Vol. 2, pp. 446-480). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice
Hall.
• Ogata, K. (1997). Modern Control Engineering. Prentice–Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J., third edition.
• Phillips, C. L., & Habor, R. D. (1995). Feedback control systems. Simon & Schuster, Inc..
• Truxal, J.G. (1955). Control Systems Synthesis. McGraw–Hill, New York.

THIS MODULE IS FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LA SALETTE, INC. ANY FORM OF REPRODUCTION,
DISTRIBUTION, UPLOADING, OR POSTING ONLINE IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF
THE UNIVERSITY IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED.
2