NAME: RAFIA UMAR Roll number: IEM-18-19 Max

marks: 41 submission date: 4-5-20

1: A technician has given the following program; interpret

him on the usage of certain codes. (7)

A: How he will read the part dimension in inch or matric?

G20 indicates that it will be an Inch input (in.)
B: dimensioning of work piece is absolute or incremental?
G90 indicates Absolute programming.
C: which cutter number is used while machining?
T3 means Tool 3.
D: in which direction spindle is rotating?
MO3 indicates it is in clockwise direction.
E: why F value is not given with G00 command?
G00 indicates rapid positioning and it is an already preparatory code and
it is used when feed is not given in the Line.
F: in which line the spindle is turned off?
M05 indicates Spindle stop.
G: what is the difference between negative and positive Z value?
Negative z indicates Depth and positive indicates Upward movement.
2: identify the non-modal command in the program below. (4)

Non modal codes stay in effect for one operation only and must be
programmed again whenever required.
M03, M05, F250, G00, G04, G03 ALL of these ae Non-model codes.
3: which command will be used for drawing an arc in fig a
and b. 4

For figure 1. G02 Circular interpolation clockwise (CW).

For Figure 2. G03 Circular interpolation counterclockwise (CCW).

4: name the two codes used to machine the given profile. 4

G01 for linear interpolation and G00 for rapid positioning.

5: explain the distinguishing feature of the system a and b. 4

There are two main types of control system. They are as follows:

1. Open loop control system.

2. Closed loop control system.

The given 1st figure belongs to Open Control system.

A control system in which the control action is totally independent of

output of the system then it is called open loop control system.
  The feedback element is absent.
 It is stable one.
 It is an economical.
 Less maintenance.

The given 2nd figure belongs to Closed control loop system.

Control system in which the output has an effect on the input quantity in
such a manner that the input quantity will adjust itself based on the
output generated is called closed loop control system.

 The feedback element is always present.

 It may become unstable.
 It is costly.
 More maintenance.

6: give 3 basic differences between the shown processes. 3

 In conventional there may be a physical tool present and on the

other hand in Abrasive processes there may not be a physical tool
present.
  In conventional machining there will be low accuracy and surface
finish while in the abrasive or non-conventional processes high
accuracy and surface finishing results came.
 Lower capital cost requires in conventional processes and Higher
capital cost is required for the Abrasive processes.
 Conventional processes are almost noisy and Abrasive processes
are always quieter and no sound pollution produced because of not
contact between tool and work piece.

7: differentiate between the rake angles. 2

First one is Positive rake angle and 2nd image is negative rake angle. A
positive rake angle is a top rake angle of less than 90 but negative rake
angle is 90 or large.
Positive rake angle Characteristics are as follows:

 Rake angle is considered as positive when sum of wedge angle and

flank angle is less than 90°.
 Positive rake offers a thin wedge.
 Shear deformation of the chip is less because of thin wedge.
 Positive rake is suitable for machining soft and ductile materials,
such as copper and aluminum.
  Cutting force and thus power consumption during machining is
comparatively less.
Negative Rake angle characteristics are as follows:

 Rake angle is considered as negative when sum of wedge angle

and flank angle is greater than 90°.
 Negative rake makes wedge thicker.
 Thicker wedge results in high shear deformation of the chip.
 Negative rake is good for machining hard and brittle materials,
such as titanium, stainless steel
 Under same conditions, it requires higher cutting force and power.

8: identify the difference between the tools, on which

machines they are used. 4

First one is Single point tool and Second one is Multipoint tool.

 Single point tool contains only one main cutting edge in cutter
body whereas, Multi point cutting tools contain more than one
cutting edges in the cutter body.
  Design and fabrication of single point cutting tools are easier.
Whereas, Design and fabrication of multi point cutting tools are
quite difficult.
 Chip load per tooth is usually high whereas, due to presence of
multiple cutting edges, effective chip load per tooth reduces.
Examples of Single point cutters.
Turning tool
Shaping tool
Planning tool
Slotting tool
Boring tool
Fly milling cutter, etc.

Examples of Multi point cutters.

Milling cutters
Hobs
Broach
Grinding wheels
Reamer
Knurling tool, etc.

9: state the parameters which are kept high and low during
roughing and finishing and why? (4)
Machining operations usually divide into two categories, distinguished
by purpose and cutting conditions: roughing cuts and finishing cuts.
Roughing cuts are used to remove large amounts of material from the
starting work part as rapidly as possible, in order to produce a shape
close to the desired form, but leaving some material on the piece for a
subsequent finishing operation. For Roughing Operations Speed should
be kept low but depth and feed should be high in this case. So, that
maximum material will remove.
Finishing cuts are used to complete the part and achieve the final
dimensions, tolerances, and surface finish. For this purpose, Speed
should be kept high but feed and depth must be low in this case. So, that
better finishing occurs on the surface of material with high rate and low
depth so that maximum finishing occurs with low deep of scratches.

10: looking at the units of parameters given below, identify

speed, feed and depth of cut. (3)

After looking at the units we can say that cutting speed is equal to the
meter per sec.
Feed = mm per min or mm per rev.
Cutting speed is expressed in units of distance along the work piece
surface per unit of time, typically millimeters per minute (mm/min).

Cutting Speed = 720mm/min.

Depth of cut = 0.1mm

Feed rate = 50m/min.

11: how speed feed and depth of cut will be controlled in the
given operation? 3

The relative motion is achieved in most machining operations by means

of a primary motion, called the cutting speed, and a secondary motion,
called the feed.
Formulas for speed and Feed are given below:
Speed feed = S*F*N
Whereas, Depth of cut will be controlled from Axial and Radial Depth
of cut and this is totally based on the tool diameter and Teeth.