‘' it Step 1 of 2 8.001LE Refer to Example 5 in the text book. The change in output current is 1% of the reference current. Alo =( 5) (00 na) Al, =1 pA The output resistance is, VjL _ Vy ( nal Eee Ate rn, =e Allg {20x10°)2 4 (100x10*) 1x10" 100 oF 10° Thus, the value of z is Em] (since, 1) = Inee) Step 2 of 2 Choose the value of the aspect ratio as 10. wv —=10 L W=l0L W =10(5 pm) Thus, the value of W is [50 uml .Stop 1 of6 8.001P Refer to Figure 8.1 from the text book. Consider the expression for the output current. t= thE) Var-vF Substitute 100 pA for Jy. 500 pA/V? for x". 0.5 ym for £ . 5 um for Fy and 0.4 V for ¥, 1004 =4(500 (5H -04) (Yjg~0.4)¢ = 1008 (500 #)| 9: ‘) ? = 2 (Yes -O4) = 5 (Vos -0.4)* = 0.04 Veg -0.4= 0.04 Veg -0.4= 40.2 Step 2 of 6 Solve for the value of Ks Veg -0.4=-0.2 Vg =-0.2404 Veg 20.2.V Or Veg -0.4=0.2 Veg = 0.2404 Veg =0.6V The value of Ves should be less greater than the value of y, for the transistor to operate in saturation region. Hence, the required value of Vg, is 0.6 V - Step 3 of 6 Consider the expression for the drain current J, . 12% -h, Substitute 100 pA for J, . 1.3 V for Vy and 0.6 V for We, . 100 w= 13-06 07 100 p= 22 BR Solve for the value of R 07 Ree 100 4 =7kQ Therefore, the value of the resistor R is Step 4 of 6 The value of the output voltage will be minimum when Vy =Vgg —V, . Hence, calculate the value of the output voltage. Vorin = Ves —Y Substitute 0.6 V for Va, and 0.4 V for ¥, . Vionin =0.6-0.4 =02V Therefore, the minimum value of the output voltage W,., is Step 5 of 6 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the current source r, VIL 4, Substitute 100 pA for J, . 0.5 ym for Z and 5 V/pA for y,’ . , = wi(05n) ” 100 ys -25_ 100 = 25k Therefore, the value of the output resistance of the current source 7,4 is : Step 6 of 6 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the current source ,, in terms of change in output voltage to change in output current. Substitute 0,5 V for AVy and 25 kQ for ry - 0s 25k=— Aly Solve for the value of A, 0.5 Alo 35K =20pA Therefore, the value of the change in output current AJ, iStop 1 of5 8 .002E Write the expression for the drain current of the transistor Q, . Ip, =10 pA Substitute Zp, =10 WA.’ = 200 pA/V?, L, =1 pm and Voy =0.2 V 10x10 = }{o00n104)( (02) 4, =10x10* 10x10* 4 =2.5 pm Thus, the value of MH, is : me Step 2 of 5 Since transistors Q, and Q, are matched, the expression for the current J, is, il Substitute J, =60 WA . Jpep = 10 pA and = 2.5 pm 60x10% = =(ox10* (Fs 3) (since, Z, = L,) 2.5 ®, -(33}{o010*) =15x10* =15 pm Thus, the value of W, is Step 3 of 5 Since transistors Q, and Q, are matched, the expression for the current J, is, a1 (Malls =o re) Substitute J, = 20 WA . Ipgp =10 pA andi, = 2.5 pm. W, ys = *){ — ir = 20x10 = (10x10 (< ) (since, L, = L,) 2.5 me (22)(e0«10+) =5x10% m =Spm Thus, the value of By, is . Step 4 of 5 Equate the expressions of the currents J, and J, (shee “(Bh (2 )om =12.5 pm Thus, the value of WY, is Step 5 of 5 The transistors @, and Q, are matched current mirrors. L 4 Whi) 1 (lL) w, (22) (25 nm) =50 pm Thus, the value of , is [50 wm].Stop 1 017 8 .002P Refer to Figure 8.1 from the text book. Consider the expression for the value of Ves . Ves "Von +V, Substitute 0.3 V for Vein and 0.5 V for V, . Ves = 0.3405 =08V Therefore, the value of the voltage V,, is, 0.8 V - Step 2 of 7 Consider the expression for the drain current, i . jpatonmles Substitute 150 pA for J, 1.8 V for Vy, and 0.8 V for Vag - 1.8-0.8 150 SO p= R 1 150 Hea Solve for the value of R . R= 160» = 6.67 k2 Therefore, the value of the resistor R Step 3 of7 Calculate the value of the change in the output current, Aly . Alp =(10%) In =0.Mp Substitute 150 pA for I, Aly =0.1(150 ) =15 pA Therefore, the value of the change in output current Af, is, 15 pA . Step 4 of 7 Calculate the value of the change in output voltage, AV, AV y =Vy —Vowsn Substitute 1.8 V for Vy and 0,3 V for Vyas, AV, =1.8-03 =15V Therefore, the value of the output voltage AV, is, 1.5 V Step 5 of7 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the current source, 1, in terms of change in output voltage to change in output current. My ta ap Substitute 1,5 V for AV, and 15 wA for Al, 15 Sp =100k2 Ta? Therefore, the value of the output resistance ,, is, 100 kQ - Step 6 of 7 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the current source y,, in terms of early effect and drain current. VAL al Substitute 150 pA for J, . 100 kQ for 7, and 10 V/pA tory’ - 10/1 p)(Z) 150 Solve for the value of J, . 150 1)(100 k’ p= £150 #)(100 &) (10/1 ») =15 pm Therefore, the value of the length Z of the device is, . 100 k= Step 7 of 7 Consider the expression for the output current, Zp . 1 Ww 2 Ip= $aeu)( Ve hy) Substitute 150 pA for Jy , 400 pA/V? for 4,C,, 1.5 pm for £ . 0.8 V for Vos and 0,5 V for ¥, 150 u=2 (400 a(S Jeos- 05) Solve for the value of W - 150 n= 2400 a(S )oe- 0s)" We 2)(150 w)(1.5 ») (400 »)(0.8-0.5)' 450p (400 n)(0.3) _ 450 p 7” Tae0 (008) = 450p “ae =12.5 pm Therefore, the value of width of the device # is, . Ww" it Step 1 of 2 8.003E Write the expression of the output current of a BJT mirror with a nominal current transfer ratio. ¥,-¥, I,=1, sa [ttm cel mal Veg Substitute the nominal current transfer ratio my = 1. 1 ( "a= *u 15 = Ieee] —— |] 1+ oy del Var B Substitute 1 mA for Ipge, 100 for f, 5V for Vy and 0.7 V for Vgp - >) J, =(Ix107) vs =(tx10°)(-5 Jo.08) = 1.02107 =1.02 mA Thus, the value of fy is [1-02 mal. Step 2 of 2 Calculate the output resistance. i = 1x10 =100 k Thus, the value of the resistance #,, is 100 ‘since, desired current mirror 1 = InceStop 1 of6 8 .003P Consider the circuit diagram shown in Figure 1 Ves Ves Figure 1 Step 2 of 6 Notice that the value of ¥,,, in NMOS circuit represents the values of Vg, in PMOS circuit. Calculate the value for the maximum value of the drain to source voltage, Vase: - Vom = Vom —Vss Substitute 1,3 V for Veg and 1.1 V for Wa, - Vosea, =1.1-1.3 =02V Therefore, the value of the voltage Wye is, -0,2 V - Step 3 of 6 The value of the voltage Vygq., should be equal to Vas —V, - Vos =Vas—V, Substitute -0.2 V for Vogue, and -0,4 V for ¥, - 0.2 = V5 -(-0.4) Veg =-0.2-04 Ves =-0.6 V Therefore, the value of the gate to source voltage Vos 8, -0.6 V - Step 4 of 6 Calculate the value of the voltage at the gate terminal, V7, Vg =Veg—Vog BV tVes Substitute ~0.6 V for Vo, and 1.3 V for Ve, . V, =1.3-06 =07V Therefore, the value of the voltage V, is, 0,7 V - Step 5 of 6 Calculate the value of the resistance, R - pete Jue Substitute 0,7 V for Vz and 80 A for Zprp - Therefore, the value of the resistor R , is Step 6 of 6 Consider the expression for the drain current, 4 . 1 Ww Io=S(46u)( )Yae-K) Substitute 80 WA for fy. 80 pA/V? for 4,C,, . -0.6 V for Vas and -0.4 V for V, 1 Ww 80 n= 5(80 »(F)os--oay Ww 2 =3(7)(-06+04) 2 -(Z)-oay L Ww 2=| — |(0.04 (Z}oo Solve for the value of z . als 0 Therefore, the ratio of the width to length * should be ." it Step 1 of 3 8.004E Refer to Figure 7.30 in the text book. Write the expression for the output current of a BUT mirror with a nominal current transfer ratio. 1g = Tees ‘Substitute the nominal current transfer ratio, m=1 (since, I, = 1g, =J5) - 1 %-V, Ig * Ipex| || 1+ ° |r| iz] B Determine the value of Inge - 0.5%10" = pgp 5 (+2327) (since, Vyp = 0.7 V) 14 “100 1 0.5x10? = Iyer| —— (1.026 * w(raa)t ) _f 1.02 s Tue 3 2 V(oseio" ) =0.497x107 Thus, the value of the current Ippp iS : Step 2 of 3 Find the value for current limiting resistor. Rate Fase $-0.7 2007 0.497x10" =8,65kQ Thus, the value of the resistance R is Step 3 of 3 The transistor 2 and 2, must be in saturation to act as current mirror network. Vowin = Veema =03V Thus, the value of Vyas, is Determine the output current for VW, =5 V. 1 Va -V, fo= hae| Tat [12 B =(0497x10") or ( +527) (since, Vag = 0.7 V) 100 =(0497x 19°)( 5; ](.086) =0.529x10° A 0.53 mA Thus, the value of the current J, is .Stop 1 of5 8 .004P Refer to Figure 7.23 in the textbook for the circuit Channel width of transistor Q, is five times the channel width of transistor Q, . W, =H, The transistors have equal channel length. Leak, The output current of the current mirror circuit is, (, (7) a =], a L Substitute Z, for Ly . SH; for Wand 20 WA for Igep in the equation. To = Tree SW, Io = (20x10) * L = (20x10*)(5) =100x10% Hence, the output current is, Jy =100 wAJ - Step 2 of 5 Minimum allowable value of ¥, is equal to over drive voltage. Vo(min)= Vos, = Yor =02V The over drive voltage is, Vor = Vos VY, Vos = Voy + ¥, Vigg = 0.2 + 0.5 =0.7V Step 3 of 5 The drain current in linear region is, CL), neta) (7) Van Ww The condition for nominal value of current is (¢ - Substitute this in the equation. Tree G 1 V— Ves E=Nes 9 20 Y= Ves =0.7V Thus, the output voltage is, Step 4 of 5 The output resistance is, Rergete Tn =—2_ ~ 100x107 =200x10° Step 5 of 5 Write the equation for output resistance. NA =r, =e Renton Al, Rearrange the equation. Substitute 200 kQ for R, and 1 V for AV, in the equation 1 ~ 20x10" =SpA Thus, the change in drain current is, |AJ, Al,Stop 1 of5 8.005E Refer to Figure E7.19 in the text book. Modify the circuit diagram by marking currents as shown in Figure 1. Step 2 of 5 The transistors pairs, (QpersQ)) » (QpersQ,) +--+ (QuersQ,) act as current mirror networks whose collector currents are equal to J, . Apply Kirchhoff current law to the base node of the transistor, Q, oto Ne BB (+N) pot ttte & Step 3 of 5 Apply Kirchhoff current law to the collector node of the transistor Oper - Fase =I +t (+ N)ig Type = 1g + free = Io B bag =| 6529] Step 4 of 5 For a maximum deviation of 10% from the unity, choose the value of Ipge as 1A. Calculate the value of J, for fppe =1.A 10 1g =1-[| — o{(R)0) I,=1-01 1p=09A Substitute J, = 0.9 A in equation (1). fo 1 _ Tse Cz) B oot 1 (1+) oD (14N))_ oso 1 29048) 100 Simpify further. 0.9(1+N) 10 71-09 09 0.9(14 N) =0.1x100 0.94+0.9N =10 Step 5 of 5 Simplify further. 0.9N =10-0.9 0.9N =9.1 91 N=— 09 N=101 The deviation is less than 10%. Choose an integer value such that, W <10 Therefore, the maximum possible number of outputs for an error not exceeding 10% is [9]‘' it Step 1 of 3 8.005P Refer to Figure P7.50 in the textbook for the circuit. Redraw the circuit by representing currents J, and f, as shown in Figure 1. V, 2, Step 2 of 3 The current reference {pep is applied at the drain terminal of transistor Q) . From the circuit, the drain and gate terminals of Q, are connected, which pushes the transistor Q, into saturation region. The gate voltage of transistor Q, is same as gate voltage of transistor Q, Hence transistors Q, and Q, acts as current mirror network The current flowing in the drain terminal of transistor Q, is J, . The relation between Iggp and J, is, 1 _ (#4), Trae (WIL), Here, (WIL), indicates a transistor aspect ratio. (= 2 Step 3 of 3 The current flowing in the transistor Q, is J, - From the circuit diagram, the drain voltage of transistor Q, is equal to gate voltage of transistors Q, and Q, which in tum drives the transistor into saturation region. ‘Since the current flowing into the gate of the MOSFET is zero, the current {, is, Lt, Hence transistors Q, and Q, acts as current mirror network Relation between J, and J, is, Jy _ (WL), 1, ~ (Wi), 2) 4 -(Gak} Substitute f, for J, in the equation. h -( a } h (WL), Substitute (Src for J, in the equation. (Wi), rN a (72), WA), =| Thus, the output current of the circuit in terms of reference current Ippp is. we}Stop 1 of6 8. 006E Refer to Figure 8.12(a) from the text book. Calculate the value of the output current J, To = Agloy Substitute § for A, and 100 pA for Jy . 1,=(5)(100 2) = 500 pA Therefore, the value of the output current J, is 500 A - Step 2 of 6 Calculate the value of the output resistance Ra Rah Ig Substitute 20 V/um for y,'. 40k for Ry, and S00 pA for Jy 20 (2h) 40~2V #2 500 p L _ (40k) 500 y) yu) - 20 L,=1ym Therefore, the value ofthe length £, is [am] . The value of the length Z, is equal to the value of the length J, , therefore, the value of the L, is [um] Step 3 of 6 Consider the expression for the input resistance. 1 R,=— Sm Substitute | ko for Ry, 1 lk=— Smt 1 1k 8m =1 mS Sn = Therefore, the value of the transconductance g,, is | mS. Step 4 of 6 Consider the expression for transconductance g,, in terms of the over drive voltage and the bias current. 2p fan Z Substitute 100 wA for J, and | mA for g,y - m= 2(!00 nH) ‘ov 3-200 “Im Voy =0.2V Vou Therefore, the value of the over drive voltage Voy is 0,2 V - Step 5 of 6 Consider the expression for the transconductance gy - ene Substitute 0,2 V for Voy .1 mA for gy, . 1 pum for L, and 400 pA/V? for 4,.Coy 1m=(400 w(#.}(o2) w= (im)(1 my) += [400 )(02) W =12.5 pm Therefore, the value of the width W, is : Step 6 of 6 Calculate the value of the current gain 4, . p= (till) (W/L) Substitute 12.5 um for W, . § for A, and L, for L, 52 (alt) (20 n/Z,) R, Se (12.54) W,=(8)(1254) W, =62.5 pm Therefore, the value of the width WY isVeep tots 8. 006P Refer to Figure P8 6 from the text book, Identify the volages inthe circuit diagram shown in Figure 1 Val V Va=1V Ss = Vg TV Vg V Stop 2 of 15 Consider the expression forthe vollage. Vega Voom 2h Vesa Substitute 1 for Vas and 0.8 V © Views Vocus =0.8=1 =02V Therefore, the value ofthe voltage Voges i: -0.2 V Step 3.01 15 The value ofthe voltage Voras Should be equal o Vag, =F, . Hence, Vosmms = Vesa Vy Substitute 0.2 V for Fatma: and 0.5 V tor Vy 0.2=V.5, -(-05) Vesa =-02-05 Voy =-07V Therefore, the value ofthe gate to source volage Veg iS. -0.7V - Stop 401 15 Calculate the value of the vollage at the gate terminal, Kes . Substitute 0,7 V for Veg, and 1 V for Vegy 0.7 =03V Therefore, the value of the votlage Ves is, 03 V Step 501 15 Calculate the value of the resistance, ¥, 28k nee Substitute 0,3 V for Veg and 20 pA for Tyee - Therefore, the value of the resistor R is Step 6 of 15 Consider the expression forthe drain current. Iyep (0400) Ya-H} Substiute 20 MA. for Lapp «100 pA/V? 10° 4,Cy 0.7 V 101 Keg. 0.5 um for Zand -0.5 V fr % 20 = (100 o(g 07 (-0.8))" 1 =o Zo rorosy {ele ho Solve for the value of # (Zo 25pm The, he vos oe win Stop 7 01 15 Consider the expression for he drain current, f ho ecal(E)Ya-K) Substitute 100 wA for F,. 100 pa/V? for y,C,, . 0.7 V for Vos . 0.5 pm for £ and -9,5 for y 100 w: = 4100 a(t or-coay 1 (fi )-0 +05)? 2-| (So )o2r [aes 5 009 Solve forthe value ot Fi, m-(2okosn) =25 um Thotetoe, he value ofthe with . Step 8 of 15 Consider the expression for the drain current. J Substitute 40 pA for J. 100 pA/V? fr 4,C, » 0.7 V for Fog . 0.5 ym for £ and 9,5 V for 40 w= 3100 w( ae 7-(-0: s))' o4= (ee) +05) 08: “(roar Solve for the value ot F¥, Bios ») =10 um Therefore, he vai of teat Step 9.01 15 Consider the expression forthe voltage, Vga Voss = "Ves Substitute -1 V for Fas a4 0.8 V 10" Voges =-08-(-1) =08+1 =02V ‘Therefore, the value of the velage Vosexesi6, 0.2 V Stop 10 of 15, ‘The value ofthe voltage Vogu., should 26 equal to Voss —V, Hence, Vrsmes = Voss Yue Substitute 0.2 V 00 Vossnes 2nd 0.5 V for ¥,, 022V% 5-08 Veg 02405 Veus= 07 Therefore, he value of the gale to source vollage Yes, iS, 0.7 V Step 11 of 15, Consider the expression for the drain curert. Zy tanta) %) ar) Substiute 40 wA for J, . 400 wA/V? for 1,Cu. 0.7 V or Hog . 0.5 ym for L and 0,5:V for ¥, y, 40 1 =4(400 y){ Me #2340 Wlosn 1 aes -lo2y 02: (Boar 02 (zt, }foo \(0.7-0.5) Step 12 0f 15, sohe keto ve oH 02 ¥.-(2 jose =6.5 um Therefore, he value of the width W, is, Step 13.0115, Consider the expression for the drain current, Ig te Maca 2\a-nF Substitute 80 pA for J,. 400 pA/V? for u,C,, . 0.7 V for og . 0S um for £ and 0,5 V for 804: 3400 wf \(0.7-0.5)° 1-110 }oar 2s (Soar 2-| (H}ioo Solve forthe value of Ff, ne(eo =Sum Thertore, he vaue ote wlan W's [Sam] Step 14 of 15, Calculate the value of the oulput resistance », of the current source @ Substuie $ V/um for Vi, 0.5 um for L and 100 pA for J - 7, SOS 0) 210% =25iR Therefore, the value ofthe output resistance x, ofthe curent source Q, is. [25RD Stop 15 of 15, Calculate the value of the oulput resistance 1, ofthe current sink Q, Vide 4 ny Substitute $V/um for ¥4, . 0.5 ym for L and 80 pA for Z, - Therefore, the value of the outgut resistance xz, of the current sink , is, [31.25 QQStop 1 of5 8.007E Write the formula for transconductance, gy - Here, #, is the electron mobility C,, is the oxide capacitance x is the width-to-length ratio Ip is the drain current Substitute 387 x10 A/V? for p.C,, . 10 for x and 10x10% A Ip Bae ¥2(387«10*)(10)(10x10°) = 7400x107 = 278.2085x10* A/V 60.28 mA/V Thus, the transconductance g, is [0.28 mA/V, Step 2 of 5 Write the formula for intrinsic gain A, Substitute § 10° W/m for Vj .387%10 A/V? fr 44,C,, 10 for z + 0.36x 10% m for Land 10x10 A for Fy _ (Sx10*) J2(387x10*)(10)(0.36 x 10) a 0x10 _ (5x10*) J1003.104x10°" ~~ 3,16227x107 _ (5x10*)(31.6718x10") 3.16227 x107 0.15835 = 2 3.16227 x10™ =50 VV Thus, the intrinsic gain A, of the CS amplifier is, Step 3 of 5 Determine the transconductance, g, at Ip =100 A - Substitute 387 10% A/V? for pC, . 10 for z and 190x10% A Ip Sn 2(387x10*)(10)(100x10) = f774000x1077 = 879.77x10* A/V 60.88 mA/V Thus, the transconductance g, is |0.88 mA/V| Determine the intrinsic gain A, at J, =100 pA - Substitute 5 10* V/m for V4 .387x10% A/V? fr 44,C,, » 10 for z + 0.36% 10% m for Land 100x10* A fr Ip (510°) (87 10*)(10)(0.36 x 10%)" a vio x 10* (5x10*) /1003.104 x10 10x10 _ (5x10°)(31.6718x107) 10x10° _ 0.15835 10x107 =15.8 V/V Thus, the intrinsic gain A, of the CS amplifier is [15.8 VAV] - Step 4 of 5 Determine the transconductance, g, at J) =1 mA. Substitute 38710 A/V? for pC, . 10 for x and 19° A Ip 2(38710~)(10)( 10°) = 74x10" =27.8x10* A/V =2.78 mA/V Thus, the transconductance g, is [2.78 mA/V] - Su Step 5 of 5 Determine the intrinsic gain A, at Jy =1 mA Substitute 5x 10° Vém for V5.387%x10% ASV? for 44,C,, . 10 for z + 0.36107 m for L and 10° A for fy (5x10*) J2(387x10*)(10) (0.36 x 10+) “ tio" _ (5x10° .{1003.104x10"* 10> = (5x10°)(10.015x107) =5VV Thus, the intrinsic gain 4, ofthe CS amplifier is [5Peseta 8,007F ‘he RCS cure mor nih Cons of vee HDS rans Shown FU 1 Yoo a a2 hoe 4 er i 4 Fiewe 1 spits fective nant wet fie enna anetare y 1D pn (atpteurutntenet acute rat 1 te) 20x10" ooo) 202102) = 200.10 2200 ua Thus. ud ctr of sor PHOS Maneieie Smpseris ‘Tre epee eerie tan re es (ites 24 20) hus, mo cup car oh hi PHOS marae sepaes see fabs ont wth of oe ane anor = 20 om “he stot cura eson oa. caret rats ite t ‘recut caren eterno et aceboy (nt, #1 #2) Tae ms (oom 1040) roxio ono ss0x10" ak ruse cpt curr ot Seq PMOS IMAI Sup sors he estat cureneeerehi er et a nd aa rage eden ot PHS eter Bons oi15 Fetes inal wet ge enna rane = 0 “These caret reson ox cane mie natwak fe el ‘re gotcuren eer or tan ocean (bce, 1, = = 1) wie {toose, M, = 10m) tos10* 4,=(000000°) we) n2sn10¢ 3 uk ‘rus, me ett cert ot serra PMOS Hanae Bop ats “heel curenelaerci fe ta ed ani Pn rere 1, 20x10 colt HO Toate? * Fox (choose, = 20 jm} Thus ugar ote PHOS eri Seen ve posse cases, ouraeen gp ures te ear, Ths, We UA CUTE Fe supsers ‘rye arsisos are dos somone. hn acs ssn ant was wish oar crn ‘linha. Th lors ato e er Tnerbra tecie chemetwith nc tn onacicanestes eng wit 10 jam nd 20 an Weg =10 420 pr 30 pa “Trecho wan of rani = The cotearet is (since, =, = 1) ) —h_ sonot Toxo Sos ante ~toon0' (Set) winaste* =masin “rus, nc ups cter ote POS Mme Sapsens racine nemarwith ro sls once NSE BERG WE 10 ad 0 gh Wg =10 sn 40 ge 250 sen ‘recanne wish omer bers6ie 6 Wy = 20 ym (nce 1, =L) Sup 190115 sty mrt, hue he gpd caret tt EOS nant DA] Bop 1 038 race enamatwith ro sls once ont Berna Wh 20 mand 40 gm Wg #20 ra 40 jon = um “he chao wh of aaron My (ance y= t=) ) oxi ~ (oon a 1667104 166 A ‘Tran mace cre ot ie POG wane FESTA] Se orth aero a pcs cas. tos dent ep ours obi Tr, spt care re (eA, 13533 WA, 0d 1667 Step 2 15 Trectancurentetarancls, (Cent Fae ig =20 om La (aing ny ‘oooh ("Ete iste 1004 0 AA A304 Hn 8 OY 2010" W010 Hono HE Vas 06F 100 ~(50) 301% -06)" fey (g-06y = 12, re-06) 0.0667 Yq 06 «SOO We-agsoases Ne xse0ase6 We -0ssna6v “Thus. sure awe votane (Ve). [eg =ORSHIEY] Bop 18018 For Weg 50 yom (fen SUReI 100d gr OO AMV Ht Hy 50 jam 6 Mag Lyon 9° E208 06 V CH her 7 too ato ~Hoosi09 (28, aay 7 100 ={50)(50)(¥%- 06)" (rn-t6y 9 (re-087 0.08 Sip ort smote %—,~ 96~J00% ¥e-06=02 vy =06402 ve e0av Thus mesoucerogue orage (Vy Pa a gm Le (Malin, ony no $() 09 sues par two x16 ~ Horne 100 = (50)(60} 067 (9-067 = (re-06} -0003 M06 = SOS Mog m0. 18246 ¥og =0640.18248 Vy = 07848 V “thus, the scurte #2 gate votaye (V,.) = [Fp 2078288 V)Stop 1 4 8. 008E Refer to Figure 7.4 (a) in the text book for the common-source amplifier circuit. Write the formula for transconductance g,, of transistor Q, . ole Substitute 387 x10 A/V? for kK. eam for ° and 100x10°A for Ipge - 0.36x 10% = [2(387x10*)(20)(100x10*) = V1.548«10" 25x10" AV =1.25 mA Therefore, the transconductance g,, of Q, is [1.25mA/V] - Sa = p(asraao*)( 22310 7.210% }(to0x10*) Step 2 of 4 The resistance, r,, is, yo i In fat Zale Trex Substitute $x 10° V/m for V4, . 0.36pm forL and 100pA for Ipee he (5x10°)(0.36) ‘ol 100 =18x10° 2 =18kQ Thus, the resistance ry is Step 3 of 4 The resistance, ris, cL noe Tos VAL t= ar Substitute 6x 10° V/m for Vi, , 0.36pm forZ, and 100pA for Ipre _ (6x10*)(0.36) 100 =21.6x10 2 =21.6kO Thus, the resistance y,, is . Step 4 of 4 The vottage gain is, a) Substitute 1.252107 A/V fOr Bai » 18x10? 2 ©F Me ANd 21.6x10? 2 fF hy A,=~(1.25x107)[ (18% 10")|1(21.610°)] _ -g{_(18%10°)(21.6x10°) =-(125x10 eas = -(1.25 10°)(9.8182x 10°) =-123 VV Thus, the voltage gain 4, is [=12.3 V/V] 4,= 8mstep 1 of 13 8.008P Refer to Figure 8.7 from the text book. @) Consider the expression for the current Jys¢ in terms of the current J, Taap = hy = Apply natural logarithm. In(Ieer)=In (I, In (Ieee) =In(1,)+In(e"*” ) ln (Inee )- 1 (15) = +tzin(e) a “Cele Solve for the value of Vag y, =r] Js ‘Substitute 2§ mV for Vy and 19"!7 A for I, Ve = (asm)n( Za) my — ‘Therefore, the expression for the value of Vy. is. (asin Step 2 of 13 Recall equation (1). Vas ~(e5myin{ a.) Substitute 10 pA for Ipge Veg =(25 mya) = (25 m)(27.63) =0.691V Therefore, the value of Vag for the value of the current gee =10 WA |s 0.691 V Step 3 of 13 Recall equation (1). y, = (asmyin( Za ‘Substitute 10 mA for pgp - Vg = (25 myn( 1 2) I = (25 m)(34.54) 0.864.V Therefore, the value of V,g for the value of the current Iger =10 mA is 0.864 V Stop 4 of 13 Write the range of voltage Pye The range of the voltage Vy, i. [0.693 VS Vg, 50.864 V | for te range of the current Pye » 10 HA S Iggy S10 mA Step 5 of 13 Consider the expression for the output current. J, . = tue. 1+0 = Ise The range of the output current is, [10 WA S Jy S10 mA | since. y= Ieee - Stop 6 of 13, (b) Recall equation (1) Ig= 14 & Substitute 100 for 8. ‘Therefore, the expression for the current J, iS ju Step 7 of 13 Recall equation (2). pnt Substitute 10 wA 10° Ipep - peu 1.02 SpA Therefore, the value of the output current for the value of current Iprp =10 nA is, 9.8 WA Step 8 of 13, Recall equation (2). Substitute 10 mA for Lege 10m 1.02 =93 mA Therefore, the value of the output current for the value of current pee =10 mA is, 9.8 mA Step 9 of 13 ‘Write the range of output current. fa, The range of the output current is, [9-8 pA < 7, $9.8 mA | for the range of the reference current, 10 HA S Iggp $10. mA Stop 10 of 13 Recall equation (1). 2 & Sunstitute $0 for B and 10 pA for Iya, - The value of the output current is, Step 11 of 13 Recall equation (1) t= 1m 1+ & Substitute 100 for B and 0.1 mA for Feep 0.1m 2 raed *j00 __olm © 140.02 Ig= The value of the output current is, Stop 12 of 13 Recall equation (1). The value of the output current is, Step 13 of 13 Recall equation (1) ef = 15 & Suostitute $0 for B and LOMA 10F Ipep - The value of the output current is, [9.62 mA.Step 1 of 5 Determine the resistance r,. B nek "8s __100 4x10? =25kQ The input resistance of the CE amplifier is, Rah Therefore, the input resistance R,, is [25 kA]. ~ 1] 8.009E Step 2 of 5 Determine the value ofr, . eld te _ 50 ~ 0.1% 107 =0.5MQ Thus, the value of ri Step 3 of 5 Determine the value of g,, - L Bare a 01x10? © 25x10" =4mA/V Thus, the value of g,, is Step 4 of 5 Determine the value of A, - 4, = ule = 4x 107x0.5 x 10° = 2000 V/V Thus, the value of A, is Step 5 of 5 Determine the amplifier voltage gain. 1 A= 7 8alo _ 4x10? x 05 10° 2 =~1000 V/V Therefore, amplifier voltage gain A_is|-1000 V/V]." it Step 1 of 5 8.009P Refer to Figure 8.7 from the text book. Consider the circuit diagram shown in Figure 1 Figure 1 Step 2 of 5 Consider the relation for the base to emitter voltages for both the transistors Veer =Vae2 Substitute V, u(4) for Vag, and V; u(Ze) for Vee - Ty, ds I ¥, in| 2.]=7, tl i) r (i) r (# at ere fo de =fa Ts: > But Jo nla is equalto m . Hence, la I Therefore, the value of the current Jy, is fo. m Step 3 of 5 Consider the expression for the reference current. Fesp = bey t dy + Ly substitute 42. to d 40 fo Subst "Ly and 0" Ia Toy A fear Test HE tol tog) ode ‘Substitute to for Boy - = 1), fo Jar = (e\va)*4 Ig lim a) Gard e's) Ig _ om ~ 4 Tor pq btm (1) ™ Therefore, the expression forthe curent transfer ratio is | | Tm B Step 4 of 5 Recall equation (1). Jom Teer tol Substitute o for # . tom l+m Tree 14 “T+0 =m To = eget (2) Step 5 of 5 Recall equation (1). Ig _ om Tage telt™ Here, Zp is 10% lower to the value of equation (2) (100% -10%) Ieee mm Jase teltn Substitute g0 for B . 7 = 7.89 Therefore, the value of the current transfer ratio m is | 7.290‘' it Step 1 of 3 8.010E Refer to Figure 8.18(a) from the text book. Consider the small signal equivalent circuit diagram shown in Figure 4 Figure 1 Step 2 of 3 Consider the nodal equation at output terminal. % rsh), Ye (tree eet )Re } =0 vp (1+ en) Ry =— —_ (4+) oO eg) R, Therefore, the value of the voltage v,, is —v, +R, (I+ g.7)R Step 3 of 3 Apply nodal analysis at node 1. 1, +R, Substitute -v, +R) for v, “(l+gan RF +R) (Aisgets ote teno “Ue RAR R (+R) deg) ve Me “Urea eR) ER »,{ G+) (I+z, tk nt, pte Mat 9 nl(+en)R) Rlten)R) eR wy { t® aE pte 2g “lnk R(l+g,07) 5 ging t}siee0 TR R(l+gan)R Lg nt Re ZR) RR) tte) R GC o- Ea me z “( alee) we Rk Vee Ret l+gn tk, The term 2. represents the expression for the input resistance R, of the circuit. +8 ale we Vg RR, Therefore, the expression for the voltage gainis | Re | R+Rk," it Step 1 of 2 8.010P Consider the circuit diagram shown in Figure 4 for the pnp version of the current mirror circuit. Q Q, To Jisr Figure 1 Step 2 of 2 Consider the expression for the current transfer ratio for the identical transistors. Therefore, the value of the current transfer ratio is [0,962 1 _Step 1 of 4 Consider the expression for the input resistance of the CG amplifier at gir, >>I 1 a (1) % Bn Bale Substitute Q for R, - oo Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, =0 is ~ 1] 8.011E Step 2 of 4 Recall equation (1). 1k R,=—+ 8m Bako Substitute r, for R, . Rete Bu Bale Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, = r, is Step 3 of 4 Recall equation (1). Rete Sn Bale Substitute (g.y,)r, for Ry Rat leet Baro +7, 4 mn it iran 1 As g, 7, >>I, itimplies %, >>— . (enr)% Sule 1 =—tr, ™ =f Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, =(gur,)%, i Step 4 of 4 Recall equation (1). Ay x arr Substitute ao for R, . 1 Ratt Bn Bale =+t0 8 =o Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, =00 is | aoStep 1 of 4 Refer to Figure 8.7 from the text book. Consider the expression for the current transfer ratio for the identical transistors. to - Tre 142, Substitute 0 for B and 1 mA for Tepe It Im 142 Therefore, the value of the current J, is. 1 mA - 8.011P Step 2 of 4 Calculate the value of the output resistance y,, . y, = Ton To Substitute | mA for Z, and 90 V for Vy, . fa Tn =90kQ Therefore, the value of the output resistance 7, is, 90 kQ - Step 3 of 4 Consider the expression for the output resistance »,, in terms of change in output voltage and change in output current. ree aoe Substitute 90 kQ. and 10 V-1V for VW, . Aly =0.1 mA. Therefore, the value of the change in current A, i Step 4 of 4 Calculate the percentage change in the value of output current. Substitute 0.1 mA for AJ, and | mA for Jy - = 21m 100 Im = 0.1100 =10% AI,% Therefore, he value of the percentage change in the output current is,Stop 1 of4 8.0125 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the CG amplifier at gur, >> 1 - Rat (Sate)R - Substitute Q for R, . Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, = 0 is cE] . Step 2 of 4 Recall equation (1). Ra =t+( Bale) R, Substitute r, for R, - Ra =% + (Buta )(re) =r (I+ Bat) As g,r, >>. itimplies 1+ 9,7, =g,F, - Rua = (Bare) to Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R=, is Step 3 of 4 Recall equation (1). Rea =% + (Bute) R Substitute (gr,)r, for R, - Rua 21 + (Bale) Bale Me =7,(I+(g.4)') As gar, >>I. itimplies 14(g 7)’ =(gur,) Ra = (eure) Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, = gr, is : Step 4 of 4 Recall equation (1). Reet (Bare )R Substitute oo for R, - Rate+ (Buh, )e =r+0 =o AS g,f, >> 1. itimplies 1+(g4n) = (gr) - Rua = (Bat) %o Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, =o isStop 1 017 8.012P Refer to Figure P8.12 from the text book. Consider the expression for the output current. 143% VY, To = Tege a! 142 B Assume 0,7 V for Vgg . Substitute $0 V for |¥,|. 1 V for Yq and 59 for 6 po 3-07 1m=Ipge —a- +5 113 = Jeep 2 4G 5041.3 50 = Teer! S042 50 51.3 =, — wn 52) 1 m= Iggy (0.987) Im 0.987 Tyee = 1.014 mA Therefore, the value of the reference current Fyre iS . Jase = Step 20f7 Calculate the value of the collector voltage V, . Vo = Vez Ven Assume 0.7 V for Vig . Substitute 3 V for Ve, . V_=3-07 =23V Therefore, the value of the collector voltage V, is 2.3 V . Step 3 of 7 Calculate the value of the resistance R - rete Fese Substitute 2.3 V for Vp and 1.014 mA fr Tere 23 1014m =2.27kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance R is. Step 4 of 7 Calculate the value of the output resistance r, net nat Substitute 50 V for V, and 1 mA for J, . Therefore, the value of the output resistance r, is, 50 KR - Step 5 of 7 The maximum value of the output voltage occurs for the minimum value of the emitter to collector voltage, that is for the value of ¥,-, =0.3 V . Hence, calculate the value of the maximum value of the output voltage. Vous Vie Voc Substitute 3 V for Veg and 0.3 V for Veg - Vow, =3-0.3 =27V Therefore, the maximum value of the output voltage is Step 6 of 7 Consider the expression for the value of the output resistance », in terms of the change in output voltage and the change in the output current. =e Al, io ta Substitute 50 kQ and 2.7 v-(-5) Vio K. 50k 50k =2745 47 Mo SOK Al, = 0.154 mA Therefore, the value of the change in current Af, is, . Step 7 of 7 Calculate the percentage change in the value of output current. Ag% = 12.100 Ig Substitute 0,154 mA for Aly and 1 mA for Ia - Aig%= AFM 100 =0.154x100 =15.4% Therefore, he value of the percentage change in the output current is.T Step tof 8 .013E Consider the small signal equivalent circuit diagram for the Gommon Source amplifier without load resistance. Neglect the resistance y, in the circuit diagram. + Figure 1 Step 20f6 Apply nodal analysis at the output terminal. ¥ +¥)) teat = 0 wo tle = ¥ Ye gy, =0 " Vz +Vp —Y, + BaMpt, =0 Ya (l+8. ac, “Tee Jay : Ma, Therefore, the expression for the voltage vg, is ——* l+grn Step 3 of 6 Apply nodal analysis at node-1. o (Beans) Bas) he v,(R, (14+ 8.7,)+7%)+¥,(R +n)-¥R, =0 Substitute I+e,r, for v, - (ae Je (near per)en(R +r bw (Re gig }en(Ren)-.8=0 2. ~R,-—2 |= "ee -R} (a xR I+ear, 7) ° te Je(e-gz}-° I+8.r, 1+ gr, “{ “( “aa) ' eit Je I+gur, ! ex I+8nr, +v,(g.7,)=0 v, =v, (ga) y, “2 s-, % Eule Here, “ represents the gain open loop gain A, y 1 4 = -Bnle Therefore, the expression for the gain A, i Step 4 of 6 Consider the small signal equivalent circuit diagram for the Common Source amplifier with load resistance. Neglect the resistance nin the circuit diagram. + Vv; zr Figure 2 Step 5 of 6 Apply nodal analysis at the output terminal. v-(-% +4) % vp (I+ gar )=% ve Therefore, the expression for the voltage vy, is eq] my (+a) “Ulta )R Step 6 of 6 Apply nodal analysis at node-1. anne wv (ep) ao - adecmenjentnen-nnes R, +r, Substitute —Y/___y | Au *%e_ | for y, (esa) * T+ 2,7) ea (iz) merece sn)ouk.=0 (Re+n)(R (1+ 80%)+%))_v(R (+ 8.r) +6) (I+e.n)R, )- (a +u,(R+7%)-v,R, =0 RR (+907, )+nR +R (ltgen)tn , )_ . Tare En alae ie -aoa)eo sRUsee), a |- roars R- + s I+gar, (tau )R, (I+ enr)R Iter, peR(lten) on J-»( ts -n}e0 Tee (lesn)R (ten)R) lite” a Aiea), a (a) (ae “( err re (rs Teer, (rer )R, (eer R, I+gr, 1 (l+earn)R, n) ee Ee ee] »( ¥.(R +(14 B00) R +%)-% (BWR) =O I+gur v.(Ri+(I+ 20 )R +1) =v: (—BateR.) ¥,(R, +R, + BarR, +1 )=V4(-B0r)R v,(R, +R, +(g,8 +1)r,)=¥(-20n)R, Here, the term R, +(g,R, +1)s, is approximately equal to (g,R, +1)r, since g,r, >>1 ¥(R,+(gak, +1) =% (“gare )R, y, R, a Re Re ¥, Here, - represents the gain open loop gain A, . % R, 4-8 Re RAE R, Teer, he expression forthe goin, i a (2.8, +1)r,F orop 1 of 14 8.013P Refer to Figure P8.13 from the text book. Identify the voltages and currents in the circuit diagram shown in Figure 1 +10V +10V +5 V +5V +5V Step 2 of 14 Calculate the value of the voltage Vy) . Vy, = Vex —Vog Substitute § Y for V,, and 0,7 V for Vyy Vq =5-0.7 =43V Therefore, the value of the voltage V,, IS, 4.3 V The node voltage Vz, represent the nodal voltage of V_, Stop 3 of 14 Calculate the value of the voltage Vey Ver Vee Vee Substitute =§ V for Vag and 0.7 V for Vog - Therefore, the value of the voltage Vp, is, 4.3 V The node voltage Vp, represent the nodal vollage of Vg, Step 4 of 14 Calculate the value of the current Jy, ‘Therefore, the value of the current Jy, iS, 0.43 mA - Step 5 of 14 The currents oy» Fey + Leys Leas des» Lee» fer» dew» Ley + Fev and Tey, represent the value of the current J,, due to the characteristics of the current mirror circutt. Step 6 of 14 Calculate the value of the current Igy - Tyg = leg tle Substitute 0.43 mA for gq and Zog - Jqq 30.43. m+0.43 m = 0.86 mA Therefore, the value of the currentis, 0,86 mA. Step 7 of 14 Calculate the value of the voltage Vy - V_= Ve Substitute 4.3 V for Vgq and 4.3 V for Vp, Vp = 0.43-(-0.43) =0.43+0.43 = 0.86 V Therefore, the value of the voltage Vp, is. 0.86 V - Stop 8 of 14 Calculate the value of the voltage Veg . Vey = Deg Ry Substitute 0.43 mA (or Ic, and 8kQ for Ry Vaz = (043 m)(8 k) =3.44V Therefore, the value of the voltage Vy, is. 3,44 V Step 9 of 14 Calculate the value of the voltage Wy - Ves = Lous Substitute 0.43 mA for Fog and 3,6 K02 for R, - Vqy = (0.43 m)(3.6 k) =1.548V Therefore, the value of the voltage V,, is, 1.548 V Step 10 of 14 Calculate the value of the voltage Vp, Va =—leRy Substitute 0,86 mA for I,, and $kQ for Ry Vqy = ~(0.86 m)(5k) =-43V ‘Therefore, the value of the voltage V,, is. -4.3V Step 11 0f 14 Calculate the value of the voltage Ve, Ves = Fou Substitute 0.43 mA for Jo, and 10 kQ for Ry Vy, =(0.43 m)(10 k) =4.3V Therefore, the value of the voltage Vy, is, 4.3 V . Step 12 of 14 Calculate the value of the voltage Vy Vas = Vee ‘Substitute 0.7 V for Vey Vy 20.7 Therefore, the value of the voltage Pg, iS. 0.7 V - ‘The node voltage Vo, represent the nodal voltage of Vp, . Step 13 of 14 Calculate the value of the voltage aig - Vang = Vex — Var Substitute 10 V for V,, and 0,7 V for Vyg Vang =10-0.7 =93V Therefore, the value of the voltage Vy is. 9,3 V - The nodal voltages Vey » Vog fepresent the nodal voltage of Voyy Step 14 0f 14 The value of the currents Foy. Igy Fea» Leys Lan Teas bes Tas 270 Tey, iS, [0.43 mA | and the value of the current Jp, is, The values of the voltages across the resistors are . : The values of the nodal voltages are : [%og=43V]. [¥,,=0.7V].[¥,=0.7V].[%.=93V] and [¥,, =93V] ey Tea deg ew «Step 1 of 4 Consider the expression for the input resistance of the Common Base amplifier. Rar tk | ay ‘e R * Bel Substitute Q for R, - Therefore, the expression for the input resistance at R, = is EJ] . ~ 1] 8.014E Step 2 of 4 Recall equation (1). r+R, R=t| nee B+l Substitute y, for Ry - rtr, =r|-2te R=] 27% r+ te ° B+l t Here B+1>> 4, resulting —2— 0 . B fo Bri (i) 3) =2r, f R oi Therefore, the expression for the input resistance at R, =, is Step 3 of 4 Recall equation (1). +R, R, =| nt B+l Substitute (#+1)s, for R, wea .+(B+i)n wi) =e R ant(B+1 A 2 Here (8+1)r, >> r, resulting to (B+1)r, - (A+) ar Here, the expression (8 +1)r, is equalto 7, . R= nie Therefore, the expression for the input resistance at R, =(#+l),, is [=| . Step 4 of 4 Recall equation (1). Here, the expression (8 +1)r, is equal to 7, . ah Therefore, the expression for the input resistance at R, => 7, fan o(22) er =n Bale =1,(I+8,7) Here, the term gyr, is equalto f Re = (148) Therefore, the expression for the output resistance at R, = 4, is. Step 5 of 5 Recall equation (1). =14| lear, We R As R, oo , itimplies x7 Reh + (5) =n +8dole =1,(1+8,%) Here, the term gyr, is equal to f . Rou =F (1+ 8) Therefore, the expression for the output resistance at R, =o is8.015P We don't have the solution to this problem yet. Get help from a Chegg subject expert." it Step 1 of 4 8.016E Refer to Figure 8.28 in the text book. Calculate the value of the output resistance, y, . nel oor Substitute 10 V for V, and 1 mA ‘or J, . 40, “Tm =1kQ % Therefore, the value of the resistance ¥, is 1k - Step 2 of 4 Calculate the value of the transconductance, g, . Substitute 25 mV for ¥, and 1 mA for J, -im 50 25m =0.04S Therefore, the value of the transconductance, g, is. 0.04 S Calculate the value of the resistance, r, £ nee Bn Substitute 0,04 § for g, and 100 for B Therefore, the value of the resistance 7, is. 2.5 kQ. Step 3 of 4 Calculate the value of the output resistance R,, when the source terminal is degenerated. Ry =[1+e0(R lle) Rus -[i+e.(Bee Jf. este a) Substitute 2,5 kQ for r, , 0.04 for gy. 10 kQ for r, and $00Q for R, - Re -[1+(000( SOS) oo ¥) 500+2.5k -['+(000( EEE) 00 ¥) =[1+(0.04)(416.7)](10 k) =[1+16.7](10k) Ry =(17.7)(10 k) =177kQ Therefore, the value of the output resistance R,, when the source terminal is degenerated is Step 4 of 4 Calculate the value of the output resistance, R,,, without source degeneration. Recall equation (1). “Fy R,=|1+g,[ 2] |p Rt Substitute Q for R. ali+g,(O% Ru -[ie.( =[1+0],, =% Substitute 10 kQ for r, . Ry =10k2 Therefore, the value of the output resistance R__ without source degeneration i: 10kQ|-8.016P We don't have the solution to this problem yet. Get help from a Chegg subject expert.Step 1 of 3 Refer to Figure 8.29 in the text book. Calculate the expression for the output voltage v, . ¥%=-(8ni%4)(Kia) - a) Therefore, the expression for the output voltage v, is -(g4,v,)(Kry) - ~ 1] 8.017E Step 2 of 3 Consider the expression for the voltage ¥, . (Sar% Substitute v, for vp, - y (8ai% at Therefore, the expression for the voltage y, is -(g_,¥, )rzy Step 3 of 3 Apply nodal analysis at output terminal. ye Y, egy, ton Substitute —y, for v,2 "Bar =O VV —VEmabea =O % = FM Basler %=4(I4 Bara) Here, gat. >>I and hence 1+ gy.%2 © Saale % =" (Bnatee) Substitute —(g,,v,)z,, for v, - (2) (8% )(Banatia) tar o> Compare the equations (1) and (2). K=8,i%a Therefore, the approximate value for the factor x is[g_or.] -" it Step 1 of 6 8.017P Refer to Figure 8.12(a) from the text book. Consider the expression for transconductance g,, in terms of the over drive voltage and the bias current. 200 p Therefore, the expression for the over drive voltage Voy, is Step 2 of 6 Consider the expression for the transconductance g,, . v( i 00 ‘Substitute 2 for Voy . 10 pm for W, . 0.5 pm for Z, and 500 pA/V? for 4,.C gy - “onl Therefore, the value of g., is 1.414 mS - Step 3 of 6 Calculate the value of the input resistance R. . R, +1 Sm Substitute 1.414 mS for g,, - I * Taam =707.11Q Therefore, the value of the input resistance R,, is Step 4 of 6 Calculate the value of the current gain A, . 4, = il) (R/h) Substitute 10 pm for HW, . 50 wm for W, and 0.5 ym for £, and 2, - 4,~{0wosw) (10 p/0.5n) =5 Therefore, the value of the current gain A, is BE] . Step 5 of 6 Calculate the value of the output current J, Jo = Aston Substitute § for 4, and 100 pA for J, Ig =(5)(100 pn) = 500A Therefore, the value of the output current J, is 500 pA Step 6 of 6 Calculate the value of the output resistance Re peal Jo Substitute 10 V/ym for y,' . 0.5 pm for Z, and 500 pA for Jy _ (10)(0.5) R= S008 =10kQ nce R. is [10kQ]- Therefore, the value of the output‘' it Step 1 of 3 8.018E Refer to Figure 7.10 and Example 7.4 in the text book. The changed value of J is, Letxoss um 2 Find the changed value of Vy, . ¥,= Lil = 5x0.55x10" 5x10 =1375V Step 2 of 3 The new value of output resistance R, is, ann “Ma Substitute 1.375 V for ¥, and 0.3 V foro, 375 | 1.375 R a *Toox107 =17640 Therefore, the output resistance R, is[126 ka]. Step 3 of 3 Write the expression of the drain current J ton nent 1) Substitute 100 pA fr Zp. 90 A/V? for Cy. 0.3 V for Vey, 1.375 V for V, and 0.3 V for|Moy|. Find the value of - : L, w Td | phim we * Var 1 . 100x10* 4 90x10 (03)'x(1+ 9% 1373 = 20.26 Thus, the value of z" it Step 1 of 6 8.018P Refer to Figure 8.12(a) from the text book. Calculate the value of the output current 7, . To Alo, Substitute 4 for A, and 200 pA for J,, . Zo =(4)(200 w) =800 pA Therefore, the value of the output current J, is 800 HA . Step 2 of 6 Calculate the value of the output resistance Ry VL Io R= Substitute 20 V/wm for y,', 20kQ for Ry and 800A for J, . 2)0) (2 20k=i 42 _ 800 Ln (2 &)(800 (1 4) 20 r= 22. k)(800 #)(1 4 - 20 L=0.8 um Therefore, the value of the length 7, is . Step 3 of 6 Consider the expression for the input resistance. 1 R,=— Sai Substitute 500 © for R, - Sm =500 Sui =2 mS Therefore, the value of the transconductance g,, is 2 mS. Step 4 of 6 Consider the expression for transconductance g,, in terms of the over drive voltage and the bias current. gy 22 Vor Substitute 100 pA for J, and 2 mA for gy 2 ma 2(200H) ‘ov 400 4 Voy = vim Voy =0.2V Therefore, the value of the over drive voltage Vy, is 0.2 V - Step 5 of 6 Consider the expression for the transconductance gy . oath Substitute 0,2 V for Voy .2 mA for g,, . 0.8 pm for L, and 400 pA/V? for 4,Cay - Sai am=(400 9s )(o2) 2m)(0.8) (a0 (02) W, =20 wm Therefore, the value of the width IY, is Step 6 of 6 Calculate the value of the current gain A, . (#,/L) (W/L) Substitute 20 pum for W, . 4 for A, and Z, for L, . gable) (20 4/2.) a= (204) W, =(4)(204) W, =80 um 4= Therefore, the value of the wiath W, is [80 um | -Step 1 of 2 Refer to Figure 7.11 in the text book. Write the expression for the voltage Vay - You = Von — Vou— ¥, Substitute 1.8 V for Vg . 1.1 V for Vqq and 0.5 V for ¥, . Voy = 18-11-05 =18-16 =02V Thus, the overdrive voltage at which the four transistors are operatin, ~ 1] 8.019E Step 2 of 2 Find the allowable range of voltage at the output. The minimum voltage at the output is, Vouia = =05V The maximum voltage at the output is, Von = Yao ¥, =18-0.5 =13V Thus, the allowable range of voltage at the output is 10.5 Vto 1.3 V|rT 7 Stop 1 of 8 8.019P Refer to Figure P8.19 in the text book. Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram Step 2 of 8 Apply nodal analysis at node-1. Bate Sneed (1) 1 I tn ae M1 =O Therefore, the value of the voltage v,,, is —g,, (/ halt |v, m2 Step 3 of 8 Consider the expression for the output voltage, v, . mM es (Ry [I5) Substitute ntl tally for Ye ¥, = Bar (Ry liter )(-SniMet) SauSns (Ry Il rat Wal = ‘eo Substitute vy, for Vv, .. (2) = = BmBus (Rel tlt Wr Ie 2 Therefore, the expression for the output voltage v, is, mus (Re Il Step 4 of 8 Recall equation (2). = Bmi8as (Ry Il rat llr, Saba (Re Ira tol tt) m2 ‘ Therefore, the expression for the voltage gain is | 2nrZma{ a} ro lla ll ! } . Step 5 of 8 Assume that a current of } flows through the drain of the MOSFET Q, Calculate the current J . t= egies H(i Ves 4" = 1 — Ite m2 Therefore, the expression for the current 7 is Step 6 of 8 Calculate the value of the resistance R, 1 1 The value —||7,. is equal to — since gr, >>1. mn ‘m2 Therefore, the value of the resistance R, is . Step 7 of 8 Calculate the value of the resistance R, Rar Substitute a for R, & Therefore, the expression for the resistance R, is Step 8 of 8 Apply nodal analysis at node 1 v, fet, Med , FOF BmiVient + S20 M2 ta Substitute 00 for r,, and 1, - vp, = “ete + Bnet 8m2M 2 =O 040+ Ba + mgr =0 Em% qa =~ 8m: 9 Mp2 _ Smt Vest 8m2 Therefore, the voltage gain for the transistor Q, isStep 1 of 5 Refer to Figure 7.11 in the text book. Write the expression for the trans-conductance = Io Voy 12 Sat Substitute 0,2 V for Vy, and 0.2 mA for J, 0.2107 8m = 95 2 = 2x10? =2mAV Thus, the value of gy is 8.020E Step 2 of 5 Determine the value for the resistance r, . V. atl __2v © 0.2mA =10kQ Determine the output resistance of the current source Ry: Ry = (Bustos ros = (2 mA/V)(10k)(10kQ) =200kQ Therefore, the output resistance of the current source is Step 3 of 5 Determine the output resistance of the amplifier R,,.. Ry =(Sara)fo2 -(2 =A)ao ka)(10k0) = 200k Therefore, the output resistance of the amplifier is, Step 4 of 5 Determine the overall output resistance R, . R=RMR, _ (200k2)(200k) © 200k2+200kQ = 20 bo 2 =100kQ Therefore, the overall output resistance is[100kQ] Step 5 of 5 Write the expression for the voltage gain of the amplifier. A 4 ¥, =~ 8m [Re llRy] Substitute 2 mA/V for g,, , 200 kQ for R,, and 200 kQ for R,, - (200x10°)(200x10") 4a-on0°| a) = —(2x10°)(100x10") =-200 V/V Therefore, the voltage gain of the amplifierrT i Stop 1 of 6 8.020P Refer to Figure P8.20 in the text book. Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram Step 2 of 6 Apply nodal analysis at node-1. tea ltallall | Ban 1 Fea ll rele mt As r, >>, . the value of the r,, can be neglected Therefore, the expression fro the input resistance R,, is Step 3 of 6 Observe that the resistance »,, is shorted. Therefore, the value of the output current j, is equal to the value g_.v,, thatis g..v,, since, v=, - Recall equation (1) Ya 1 = Fa ll a Ilo 4 Sm Substitute — for v,, . Suz 1 = Falla ll Enzi mt 1 Buz [rs Weal +) But Therefore, the expression fro the current gain “ is, Bn: (is Ire it} 3 2 Step 4 of 6 Disconnect the input source and apply a voltage of V volts at the output terminals supplying a current of J amps into the circuit Figure 2 Step 5 of 6 Apply nodal analysis at node-1. Yay Mey Yn hehehe gy, = tea Ta Fn vy, =0V Therefore, the value of the voltage v,, is 0 V Step 6 of 6 Calculate the value of the current 7 ae y, Tt Baie lad Substitute Q V for v,, v J=—+g,,(0) Here, Y represents the output resistance Ry - ! R, Noa Therefore, the expression for the output resistance R,, is | r,, | -Step 1 of 6 Determine the transconductance of the CS and CG amplifiers. 8.021E Step 2 of 6 Determine the output resistance r, Step 3 of 6 (a) The load resistance R, is, Ran Refer to Table 7.1 in the text book. The gain of the amplifier 4, for R, =r, is, Aya Thus, the gain of the amplifier 4, Write expression for the gain A., for R, = 7. 1 4Aa= 5 (80) Substitute | mA/V for g, and 20 kQ for 1, . Veto" Aq =5(lx107)(20x10°) =10VV Thus, the gain 4, Step 4 of 6 Determine the overall gain A, . A=AAa =(-2)(10) =-20 V/V Therefore, the overall gain A, of the cascode amplifier is |~; Step 5 of 6 (b) Determine the value of( gr, )r, )4, ={(110°)(20%10°))(20x10") =400x10° =400kQ The load resistance R, is, R= (ga) Refer to Table 7.1 in the text book. Write the expression for the gain of the amplifier 4, for Ry =(8ah )n 1 4n=—9(80'e) Substitute | mA/V forg, and 20 kQ for r, - 1 Ay=—3(1<10")(20%10°) =-10VV Thus, the gain of the amplifier 4, “10 V/V]. Write expression for the gain A,, for R, =(g.r,)r, - 4a = Buble Substitute | mA/V forg, and 20 kQ for », - Ay =(1x107)}(20x10°) =20VV Thus, the gain A, Step 6 of 6 Determine the overall gain A,. 4,= Aan =(-10)(20) =-200 V/V Therefore, the overall gain A, of the cascode amplifier is E2oovn)-rT i Stop 1 of 8 8.021P @) Refer to Figure P8.21 (a) in the text book. Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram Figure l Step 2 of 8 Consider the expression for the input resistance R,, . Substitute g.v,, for i - ¥en R, BaMs Therefore, the expression for the input resistance is 8m Step 3 of 8 Calculate the value of the transconductance, g, . Ww nM Coe (Pow Substitute 2 for Vo, wy2i aca a Ww £0 =2Con( Z(t) Ww Bm =f 2UaCox (Zen i Ww Substitute 200 wA/v? for u,Coy » 10 for TL and 0.1 mA for /,, 8 = 42(200 2)(10)(0.1m) = 04 = 0.633 mS Therefore, the value of the transconductance g. is 0.633 mS - Step 4 of 8 Recall equation (1). Ret Sm Substitute 0,633 mS for g, - 1 x 0.633m =1.58 kQ Therefore, the value of the input resistance R,, i Step 5 of 8 (by Refer to Figure P8.21 (b) in the text book. Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram. Figure 2 Step 6 of 8 Consider the expression for the input resistance, R, . -—_4_ 84 (841) Here, B+1<< B @) 1 Therefore, the expression for the input resistance is — - 8m Step 7 of 8 Caloulate the value of the transconductance g, . ate Bary Substitute 25 mV for V, and 0.1 mA ‘or /,, - 0.1m 5 25m =4mS Therefore, the value of the transconductance g_ is 4 mS Step 8 of 8 Recall equation (2) Substitute 4 m§ for g, 1 am =2500 R, Therefore, the value of the input resistance R. is | 250QStop 1 of6 8.022E Refer to Figure 7.16 in the text book. (a) Write the expression of the drain current. LW) 2 roole(®) x DAL), & LL (W) =_ 0.2 x 107 =25 kQ Find the value of ry. mye Ic =«—>_ 0.2 «107 =25kQ Step 3 of 8 The output resistance for npn transistor is, Rag = (Surfer) (or I Pe2) Substitute 25 kQ for ra,. 25 kQ for rg. 8 MA/V for gas and 12.5 kd for res. Rea = (Saator) (Ya zz) . 3 25 x 10°x12,5 x 10° = (8x10 25 x 1) Bee | _ 312.5x10° - (209 37.5 x10? } =1.67MQ Therefore, the output resistance R,, for npn transistor is Step 4 of 8 Find the trans-conductance g, of the pnp transistor. L Bae _ 0.2x107 25x10? =8mA/V Find the value of rg. -# Bas a) © 8x10" fy =6.25kQ te Step 5 of 8 Find the value of rag Vy te= 7 -_4_ 0.2.x 107 =20 kQ Find the value of r.4. Step 6 of 8 The output resistance for pnp transistor is, Ry = (Sastes)( tou ll tes) Substitute 20 kQf0r ry. 20 KO for... 8 MA/V fOr gy2 ANd 6.25 KO tree Ry = (Bustos) roa lltz3) =(ex107 20 x 10° x 6.25x10? = (8x10? x 20 x 0 F* 104 625510" = 0.762x10° =0.762 MO Therefore, the output resistance R,, of the pnp transistor i Step 7 of 8 Write the expression for the voltage gain, 4, . 4A.=~80i(Re Ry) Substitute gq, = 8 mA/V, R, = 0.762 MQ and R,, = 1.67 MQ. 7 x 10% x 0.762 x | 67 x 10° + 0.762 x 10° 1.27254 x 10” 2.432 x 10° = -8x107 x 0.523x10* = 4186 Hence, the voltage gain 4, of the BJT cascode amplifier is [4186 V/V] . A= -8x107 x = 8x10" x Step 8 of 8 Write the expression for the maximum available gain A. Aout =~ Bm (Bra Il Bra) Substitute g, = 8 mA/V, f, = 100, 8, = 50, 2 = 25 KO and 1,, = 20k. Ame, =— 8X10 x (100 x 25 x 107 |150 x 20 x 10°) = 8x 107 x¢{ 100% 25 x10? x 50 x 20 x10? Bx10 (RS = -5714.28 V/V Therefore, the value of the maximum achievable gain A. iS Ea V,8.024P We don't have the solution to this problem yet. Get help from a Chegg subject expert." it Step 1 of 3 8.0255 Refer to Figure 7.32 in the text book for the cascade MOS current mirror circuit. The drain current J», is, i 3.6 Ww Substitute 100 pA for fy .387 pA/V? for y,C,, and Dem ot. 100x10* =! +)(36)y2 since, Jp = 10% => (387%10*)| 3 Wor (since, J, = Incr) 100 =19357,2 V2 =0.0517 Voy =0.2273 V The minimum output voltage of cascade MOS mirror network is, Vy eV, +My =0.5+2(0.2273) = 0.5+0,4546 =0.95V Thus, the value of Hy i Step 2 of 3 Determine the output resistance of the NMOS transistor. pate 0 (5)(0.36) *100x10* =18x10° =18k Step 3 of 3 Determine the output resistance of the circuit. R= Sasheslor -(#)e (since, 55 =%a2 =7) (Joe wy =285kN Thus, the value of the output resistance is [Fas ko]T stop 1 of 14 8.025P Refer to circuit diagram in Fig 7.1(b) in the textbook. Draw the small-signal equivalent circuit for the figure. Figure 1 Step 2 of 14 Atcurrent J =10pA = ‘Write the formula for trans-conductance. 4, at 8a %, Substitute 10 x 10° for f, and 25 x 10° for F, . 10x10 5035x107 =04 ma/v Step 3 of 14 Write the formula for input resistance. B net "Be Substitute 100 for 8 and 9.4x10° for g. - tc) Dax 10? = 250k Step 4 of 14 Write the formuta for output resistance. pele Te Substitute 1Q for V, and 10x 10% for fe . 10 °° 10x 10% =1MQ Step 5 of 14 ‘Write the formula for gain. A= Bale Substitute 0,4 x 10% for g, and 1x 19° for r, A, = 0.4 x 10x 1x 10% = 400 V/V Step 6 of 14 Atcurrent [= 100pA : Write the formula for trans-conductance. gfe %, Substitute 100 x 10° for #, and 25 x 107 for ¥, - Step 7 of 14 Write the formula for input resistance. B net Sn Substitute 109 for # and 4,107 for g, r= 00 * 4x10? =25k2Q Step 8 of 14 Write the formula for output resistance. pale Ie Substitute 10 for V, and 100 x 10° for J, - Step 9 of 14 Write the formula for gain. A= Bale Substitute 4 mA/V for g, and Q,1x 108 for r, A, = 4% 107 x0.1« 10° = 400 V/V Step 10 of 14 Atcurrent f=] A = 4 atc 8a v, Substitute 1900 x 10° for 7, and 25 x 107 for V, - 1000 x 10% Be 35 x 107 =40 ma/V Step 11 of 14 ‘Write the formula for input resistance. B net Bu Substitute 100 for # and 40 x 107 for g, Step 12 0f 14 Write the formula for output resistance. yale aan Substitute 10 for V, and 1000 x L0™ for I, . oe) * 1000 x 10% =0.01IMQ Step 13 of 14 Write the formula for gain. 4, = Bale Substitute 40 x 107 for g, and 0.01% 10° for r, . A, = 40 x 107 x0.01x 10° = 400 V/V Step 14 of 14 Thus, the values of small signal parameters gr. % and A, at collector currents 10 pA, 100 pA and 1000pA are listed in table 1 Table 1 ” 7 > ty Se (inp) (in A/V) | Gin kO) | Gin MQ) | (in V/V) 10 0.4 250 1 400 100 4 25 0.4 400 1000 40 25 0.01 400‘' it Step 1 of 6 8.026E Refer to Figure 7.34 (a) in the text book. Transfer ratio of the Wilson bipolar current mirror circuit is, Jo 1 Tyr 142 _ A(4+1) 1 2 100(100+1) =—!_ 1,000198 = 0.9998 Step 2 of 6 Determine the percentage error in the transfer ratio. 1-0.9998 0.9998 0.0002 =—x 0.9998 (1-fe-}xo0- 100 100 (1-Z2-}xt90-a0r (1) face Thus, the transfer ratio of the Wilson circuit is Step 3 of 6 Determine the transfer ratio of a simple current mirror circuit. 1+0.02 =0.98039 Step 4 of 6 Determine the percentage error in the transfer ratio. 0.01961 =————-x 0.98039 (1- Za }ato0-2% seen 2) nor Thus, the percentage error in the transfer ratio is by) . Hence, from equations (1) and (2), the transfer ratio error is 0.02% for Wilson as opposed to 2% for the simple circuit. Step 5 of 6 Calculate the output resistance of a Wilson bipolar current mirror circuit. 00x 100x10° 2 =5x10° OQ =5MQ (since, A, = 6 and r,, = Thus, the output resistance of a Wilson bipolar current mirror circuit is [Eg] . Step 6 of 6 Calculate the output resistance of a simple current mirror circuit. R=% =100x10 O =100kQ Thus, the output resistance of a simple current mirror circuit is .step 1 of9 8.026P Refer to Figure 8.13 (b) in the text book. Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram. Figure 1 Step 2 of & Calculate the value of the transconductance g_ . sls Substitute 0.5 mA for J, and 25 mA for ¥, _05m 25m = 0.02 S gn Therefore, the value of the transconductance g,, is 0.02 S. Step 3 of © Calculate the value of the input resistance, R., R substitute 2 tor re Therefore, the value of the input resistance R, Is | 5 kQ. Step 4019 Calculate the value of the voltage gain. Substitute 100 V for ¥, . 0.5 mA ‘or /.. and 0.02 § for g, A= -(0.02}( 2) = 4000 Therefore, the value of the voltage gain 4, is [ —4000 Step 5019 Calculate the value of the output resistance, Ry. Re ¥, Substitute —* for 1, Therefore, the value of the output resistance is Step 6 of S Recall equation (1) B Su substtute 4 tor g 7, a thatis, Step 7 of9 Recall expression (2). Rat ke Rewrite the expression for the two different cases Therefore, the value of the current J,. has to be changed to times the current /,. to attain the value of the input resistance 5 times its initial value. Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram with resistance R,,. at the input terminal and the resistance R, atthe output terminal. Step 8 of 9 Consider the expression for the voltage w, woul] ‘Therefore, the value of the voltage y, is, ve 7 } mtr, Step 9 of9 Consider the expression for the output voltage 1, Bats (r IR) ag y, (7% = BaMe r+R, Substitute y, for v, “lr tRy eta} nak, ee Substitute 0.2 MQ fer x, . 100K for R, . ISK for Ry, «5k for 7, and 0.02 S for g_ om 2 rad eeeral ie 0.2M+100k Sk+5k ~on{ eum) ~-too/ 228:000/:) = ~(0.01)(95.238 k) ¥, + = -952.38 ‘ae Therefore, the value of the overall gain is | -952.38" it Step 1 of 3 8.027E Refer to Example 7.6 and Figure 7.37 in the text book. Determine the reference current for the matched transistors. Tyee = Io =10pA Calculate the output resistance y, . nat naa 100 * 10x10" =10x10° =10MQ Thus, the output resistance of transistor Q, is Step 2 of 3 Calculate the trans-conductance g,, 1, Bane _10x10* © 25x10 =0.4x107 AV =0.4 mA/V Calculate the resistance r, . neh &e ___100 © 0.4x107 = 250k The emitter resistance is, Rak, =115kQ Step 3 of 3 Write the expression of the output resistance for the Widlar circuit as shown in Figure 7.37 (b) in the text book, Roa[I+2,(Rlle)]% Substitute Rp =11.5 kQ. r= 25 kD. 7, =10 MQ and g,, = 0.4 mA/V - = 04 11.5x10°)(250x 10° aa) eee feos) 0.4 )f2.875x10* -['+( 3) SIF] ono) =[1+4.396](10x10°) =54MQ Thus, the value of R,, is [54 MQ] -Step 1 of 3 Calculate the value ofthe intrinsic gain A, ' Aaa Substitute 0.2 V for Voy . 0.5 wm for J and 10 V/um for py" 10 an ke (0.5 ») 02 =50 Therefore, the value of the intrinsic gain is . ~ | 8.027P Step 2 of 3 Calculate the value of the drain current J, Substitute 2 mA/V for g, and 0.2 V for Vay . (2 m)(0.2) i= 2 =200 pA Therefore, the value of the drain current J, is Step 3 of 3 Consider the expression for the transconductance g, (W Bn =k, (Frm Substitute 2 mA/V for g, . 400 pa/v? for k, + 0.5 wm for Zand 0.2 ¥ for Va, - 2m=(1004)( 2 \o2) 2m n W= (400 u)(0.2) W 12.5 um Therefore, the value of the width W is | 12.5 wm | -" it Step 1 of 4 8.028E Refer to Figure 8.45(a) in the text book. Calculate the value of the resistance ha y, ty Ty Substitute § V for V, and 200 pA for /, . ne 1200 =25kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance r., is 25k Assume the value of the resistance 1,, is equal to resistance r,, . Hence the value of the resistance 1. is 25kQ- Step 2 of 4 Calculate the value of the transconductance gy a2la Vor 8 Substitute 0.2 V for Vp, and 200 pA for J, . _ 2(200 ” 02 =2mS Therefore, the value of the transconductance g, is 2 mS - Step 3 of 4 Calculate the value of the resistance Rg . Retains Sus Substitute zg, for ga, . Substitute 0,2 for ¥ . 2 mS for g, and 25 kX for », and rs R, =f llesll R, =25k||25 ‘ona = + =25kl125 kl =25 kl[25 kI12.5 k _ 25 k)(25 k)(2.5 k © (25 k) (25k) +(25 k)(2.5 k)+ (25 k)(2.5 k) _ 1562.5 k 1 625+ 62.5+62.5 _ 1562.5 k 750 = 2.083 kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance R, is 2.083 kQ Step 4 of 4 Calculate the value of the voltage gain of the circuit. 2. % R+— Substitute 2.083 kQ for R, and 2 m§ for g, %___2.083k ; ¥, 4 2.083 k+ Im _ 2.083 k 2.083 k +500 _ 2.083 k ~ 2,583 k =081 V/V Therefore, the value of the voltage gain is [0.81 V/V" it Step 1 of 7 8.028P Consider the expression for the drain current, ,, 2 UE, L 2s oT 2" Ur 7 Yas 1 (% 2"\5 RIDL A al NAW Step 2 of 7 Consider the expression fro the intrinsic gain A, . WL Yor Plat Substitute for ¥, kw A= The value of the intrinsic gain A, is inversely proportional to 4f7,. That is, Aare vee (1) Step 3 of 7 Recall expression (1). 1 a As Te Rewrite the equation for two different cases. (4), _ V5), (4), (Wie), (Wo), (4) = (hry vee) Substitute $0 V/V for (4,), . 100 pA for (vio), and 25 wA and (Jp, ), (4), = = 50 fie =50xV4 =50x2 =100 Therefore, the value of the intrinsic gain at Z, = 25 pA is - Step 4 of 7 Recall equation (2). (Vio), (4), =(4),%77= (Wi), Substitute 50 V/V for (4,), . 100 pA for (vio), and 400 pA and (vio), (4), =50% fa =s0x ft 1 =50x— 2 =25 Therefore, the value of the intrinsic gain at £, = 400 wA ts [25] - Step 5 of 7 Consider the expression for the transconductance, Sa ' n) =k (—ly, Sak, ( tL) Substitute Be for Voy, (Fer) (Z)er.) The value of g, is directly proportional to vo . Baty) Step 6 of 7 Recall expression (3). 8.fIp Rewrite the equation for two different cases. oa . (4) Substitute 100 pA for (7p), and 25 pA and (YZ), - - 254 Bn = taf : - £ Bulg = Sa 2 =0.5g,, Therefore, the value of the transconductance changes by the factor of . Step 7 of 7 Recall equation (4). Bm2 = Bm oo A) Substitute 100 wA for (7p), and 400 pA and (vio), - =g., 00H Sm 100" $env4 Therefore, the value of the transconductance changes by the factor of [ 28.029E We don't have the solution to this problem yet. Get help from a Chegg subject expert.‘' it Step 1 of 3 8.029P Consider the expression for the intrinsic gain. WL 4 Vor Substitute 0.2 V for Vy, . 20 V/V for A, and 5 V/um for yy . 2-2! Si w}L 0.2 (S/Ip)z eT =2 5 L=04pm Therefore, the value of the length z is . Step 2 of 3 Consider the expression for the transconductance, gy . Ww 8 =h,| (2) Yor Substitute 0.2 V for Voy . 2 mS for g, . 400 pA/V? for 4, and 0.4 wm for J. 2m=(400»)( ](o2) 2m=(80 »(Z) wW_2m Therefore, the value of the ratio x is Bs] . Step 3 of 3 Consider the expression for the transconductance, g, gota ny Substitute 2 m$ for g, and 0,2 V for Voy - 24 =o amo? I 2m=22 mor 1, =0.2 mA Therefore, the value of the drain current 7, is [0.2 mA] -" it Step 1 of 5 8.030E Refer to Figure 7.40 (b) in the text book for the voltage follower circuit using Darlington configuration. The input resistance of a transistor is, R=(8+1)(, +R) Here, 1, is the small signal emitter resistance R, is the emitter resistance The input resistance Ri of the Darlington circuit is, R= (Atta + Reo) = (A+ [r+ (B+ nat Red] Thus, the input resistance R, of the circuitis |(f, + I)[_m + (8, + (re + Re) Determine the output resistance, Ryy - fa Rel Dis Re] t oT Bel = Tat Ill 2 B+1 tat Thus, the output resistance Ry, ofthe circuit is |Ry Il] m+ A+ Step 2 of 5 , Determine the voltage gain —2 . Yalg. Me total resistance at the output Vig fo + total resistance at the input of Q, Step 3 of 5 Determine the resistance, 7, . iZ mel red Tes = 50x10 5x10° =10Q fa Shy 102 Evaluate the input voltage Ry - Ra=(A+ 1+ (A+ Mra Bed] Substitute 190 for Band , . 19° for Re . 10. Q for n, and x, R, = (100+ 1)[10+ (100+ 1)(10+ 10°)] =103x10° Q =10.3 MQ Thus, the input resistance R, is Step 4 of 5 Determine the output resistance R, Re tat Ra= Rell ela) Atl 10+ 10x10 Roy = 19.52 =(10°)|] 10+ tooeT =202 =10° ||19.902 _f1)(19.9) 10 +19.9 Thus, the output resistance Ry, is : Step 5 of 5 - _ Determine the voltage gain, 2 . Voie * 7000+ 10+9.902 = 0.98 V/V % Thus, the voltage gain —> i Vag8.030P We don't have the solution to this problem yet. Get help from a Chegg subject expert.Step 1 of 3 Refer to Figure 7.41 in the circuit for the amplifier circuits. Analysis of both the circuits is illustrated in Figure 7.42 in the text book. Both the circuits have the same input resistance and the same voltage gain. Determine the resistance, r, ¥, oo _ 50x10” 210° =252 Determine the input resistance, Ry - R= (8 +1)(2n) Substitute 100 for B and 252 for r,. R, = (100 + 1)(2 x 25) = 5.05 ka ~ 1] 8.031E Step 2 of 3 Determine a, = B+1 100 100+1 =0.99 wl Substitute 1 for @ . 5x10? @ for R, and 25 tor y, . we (1)(5x10°) y, «2x25 =100 VV v, Thus, the voltage gain -© is [T00 V/V] - ys Step 3 of 3 Y, Determine the ratio, —® . Vig tcl) Substitute $0$0 2 for Ry. 5 10? @ for Rey and 100 VIV for “= . ¥ 1 ¥, _f___5050 te - (me a) (09). =50 VV Y, Thus, the gain — is Vig" it Stop 1 of 2 8.031P Calculate the value of the transconductance g, of the npn transistor. Jo Bary r Substitute 25 mV for ¥, and 0.1 mA for I, - 0.1m 25m =4mS Therefore, the value ofthe transconductance g, of the npn transistor is [4 mS ] Step 2 of 2 Calculate the value of the transconductance of the NMOS transistor. 21, soe Sn Vor Substitute 4 mS for g, and 0,25 V for Voy. 24 4me22 "O25 he (4 m)(0.25) Therefore, the value of the drain current J, is : 2 .5 mA. L,Step 1 of 2 Refer to Figure 7.41 (c) for the CD-CG amplifier. (a) Determine voltage gain “® by neglecting 1, R, is the load resistance Voy is the overdrive voltage Thus, the voltage gain is, ~ 1] 8.032E Step 2 of 2 (b) The voltage gain of the amplifier is, Substitute g.1107 A fr 7. 20%10° Q for R, and 10 V/V for * "1 os (0.1x107)(20x10°) Voy 0.1107 )(20x10° oo 00) =0.2V Write the formula for the drain current. Ww aia Substitute 299 10-6 AsV? for kL. 0.1x107 A for 7 and0.2 V for Vy, 1 ®) oo 01x10" =} (200x10*)(Z)(02) ¥ 0.12107 =(100x10*)| — |(0.04) x107 =(100.10*)( (004) w oanio?=(4x104)(7) Wis L Thus, the ™ ratio of the two transistors is Bs] - 7‘' it Step 1 of 4 8.032P Consider the expression for the transconductance, g_ 21, =2o Sn Vor Substitute 100 pA for J, and 0,5 V for Voy - 2(100 «7 ™ 0.5 200 ws &n 05 g, 20.4 mA/V Therefore, the value of the transconductance g, i Step 2 of 4 Consider the expression for the resistance, 7, . ’ tn atk L fy Substitute 100 wA for 7, . 20 V/um for y’ and 1 yum for 1 re 20/1 p (1 ) ° 100p 20 100 p =200kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance y, is : Step 3 of 4 Calculate the value of the intrinsic gain. 4= WL Yor Substitute 0.5 V for Voy . 1 wm for £ and 20 V/am for y,’ - _2(20/1 n)(1H) a= 0.5 40 Anos 4,=80 Therefore, the value of the intrinsic gain is . Step 4 of 4 Consider the expression for the transconductance, g { Bn =k, (Erm Substitute 0.5 V for Vay .1 wm for Z . 0.4 mASV for g, and 190 ,A/V? for x, 04 m=(190 (Eos 04m=(95)(¥) W=421 pm Therefore, the value of the width py is [4.21 pm |] -" it Step 1 of 4 8.033P Consider the expression for the transconductance, g 21, =. 8° > Substitute 100 pA for Z,, and 0,2 V for Voy - _ 2(100 0.2 = 200u BuO g,=1mA/V Therefore, the value of the transconductance g, i Step 2 of 4 Consider the expression for the resistance, y, . alae dy Substitute 100 WA for J, 5 V/um for y/' and 0.3 ym for J. 7 = 5/1 H)(03 w) 100» 15 “T00p =150kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance , is : Step 3 of 4 Calculate the value of the intrinsic gain. LAA == 4 Vor Substitute 0,2 V for Voy . 0.3 wm for 2 and 5 V/pm for y' . _2(5/1p)(0.3 p) a= 0.2 3 4703 4=15 Therefore, the value of the intrinsic gain is, [is] . Step 4 of 4 Consider the expression for the transconductance, g, Ww 80 =k, (Z) Yor Substitute 0.2 V for Vj, . 0.3 pm for 2. | mA/V for g, and 387 pA/V? for k 1m=(387 1 g%)eoay 1m =(258)(”) W =3.88 pm Therefore, the value of the wicth W is | 3.88 um | -step 10117 8.034P BJT cell calculations for J =0.1 mA ‘Consider the expression forthe transconductance of he npn transistor. & %, &a™ ‘Suvstitute 0,1 mA for Je and 25 mA tor V,, 25m =4mav Therefore, the value ofthe transconductance g, is 4 mA/V Step 2 0f 17 Calculate the value of he resistance 7, nee net ‘Suostitte 0.1 mA for Ze and 100 V for ¥, n= Om =1MQ Therefore, the value of he resistance is 1 MO. Step 301 17 Calculate the vatue of the intrinsic gain A, 4A=8, Substiute 1 Mg Tor 7, and 4 mA/Y for g, A,=(4m)(1M) = 4000 VV Therefore, the value of he intinsic gain 4, is 4000 V/V. Step 4 of 17 Calculate the value of the input resistance Ry. ‘Supstiute 4 mA/V for g_ and 109 for B. 100 4m =25kQ Therefore, the value ofthe npul resistance Ris Step 50f 17 BIT cell calcuations for J, =1 mA ‘Consider the expression forthe transconductance of the npn transistor. an y Substtte | ua (rT and 25 mA 1" V £0 35m =40 mAV “Therefore, the value of the transconductance g, is 49 mA/V ‘Stop 6 of 17 Calaulate the value of the resistance 7, pelt te ‘Supstitute | mA for J, and 100 V for ¥, 100 Im =100k2 ‘Therefore, the value of he resistance 7, 1S 100 kK. Step 7 of 17 Calculate the value ofthe intrinsic gain A, Amar, ‘Substitute 100 kQ for 7, and 4 mA/V for g. 4,=(4m)(100k) 400 VV Theteior. the value of he intinsle gain A, is 400 V/V Step 8 of 17 Calculate the value ofthe input resistance R, Rae B Supstitute for r, Se £ Re ‘Substitute 40 mA/V 10" g., and 100 for f° Om =25kQ Therefore, the value of he input resistance Ris [2.5K Step 901 17 MOSFET cefl calculations for J, =0.1 mA ‘Consider the expression for the drain current J 1 W =a HCax| (F) Hoy? ‘Substitute Q.1 mA (0° Zp » 200 A/V? for 44,Cop and 40 for - O.lm 5 (200 1(40)¥o,* O.1m=(4m)Fo," ¥,¢ =o ~ 4 Voy = 025 08 Voy =0.158 V Therefore, the value of the overdrive vollage Voy 1S 0,158 V Step 10 of 17 Caleuiate the vaiue of the intrinsic gain gy, Substitute 0,158 V for Voy 8M 0,1 mA 10" Zp 2(0.1m) oe 0158 =126 mAv ‘Therefore, the value of the transconductance is 1.26 mA/V. Step 11 of 17 Calculate the value of he resistance 1, no ne ‘Sunstitute 19 V for ¥, and 0.1 mA fr Jp nel "Ol m =100kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance 7 is 100 kQ - ‘Stop 12 of 17 Calculate the value of the intrinsic gain 4, ate You ‘Substitute 10 V for ¥, and 0,158 V for oy - ‘Therefore, the value of the intrinsic gain is 126,58 The values of the input resistance R,, for any value of drain current is 90 Step 13 of 17 MOSFET cell calculations for J, =1 mA Consider the expression for the drain current J, L wv b= fan Tho? ‘Substitute 1 mA for Jp. 200 WAV? for 41,Cay anc sore Im £2001) (40)von? Im=(4m)%py? Therefore, the value of the overdrive voltage Hoy iS 0.5 V Step 14 0f 17 Calouiale the value of the intrinsic gain g,. 2, 2p By ‘Supstitute 0.5 V for Foy and 1 mA © I, _2(Im) 80705 =4mav ‘Therefore, the value of the transconductance is 4 mA/V Step 15 of 17 Caloulale the value of the resistance 1, ne hs ‘Suostitute 10 V for V, and 1 mA for Jy. =10 ” =10k0 Therefore, the value of the resistance ¥ is 10 kA. Step 16 of 17 (Calculate the value of the intrinsic gain 4, ‘Supstiute 19 V fr and 0.5 V 10" Poy 2(10) as =40 4 ‘Therefore, the value of the intrnsic gain is 49 ‘The values of the input resistance R, for any value of drain current is oo Stop 17 of 17 Consider Tabie-1 Tablet Bias current BIT Cell MOSFET Cell 1, 20.1mA | Ip=1mA | 1,=0.1mA | J, =1mA 3. (may) |4 40 1.26 4 (kn) | 1000 190 100 10 4, (VV) | 4000 400 126.58 40 R (KQ) 28 25 ° ° Therefore. the required values are calculated and values are displayed in Table-1." it Step 1 of 2 8.035P Calculate the value of the intrinsic gain 4, Substitute 5 V/m for y’ . 0.54 pm for Z and 18 V/V for A, 19-201 4)(0.54 uw) Voy Yor 5 Voy =0.3V Therefore, the value of the overdrive voltage Voy is 0.3 V - Step 2 of 2 Calculate the value of the bias current J, . 1 Ww To=pHiCox (3) Voy? Substitute 0,3 V for Voy . 400 pA/V? for 44,Coy and 8 for 2 . 1 4p = (400 n)(8)(03)' =144 pA Therefore, the required value of the bias current is [144 pA |.Step 1 of 9 Consider the expression for the bias current J, . 1 Ww Ip= qhaCox (3) Voy? Substitute 25 pA for J. 400 pA/V? for 14,Coy and 8 for z . ' 25 p= (400 n)(8) Mor? 25 p=(1600 n)M%oy? 25 Y, =——_ or 1600 p Voy = 15.625 m Yo, 20.125 V Therefore, the value of the overdrive voltage Voy is 0.125 V - 8.036P Step 2 of 9 Calculate the value of the transconductance, g,, 21, =o Sn Yor Substitute 0,125 V for Vo, and 25 pA for Jy - _2(25 w "0.125 =0.4 mA/V? Therefore, the value of the transconductance, g, is . Step 3 of 9 Calculate the value of the intrinsic gain A, Substitute 5 V/jam for y,’ . 0.36 pm for Z and 0,125 V for Voy - _2(5/1 w)(0.36 p) a= 0.125 228 0.125 = 28.8 Therefore, the value of the intrinsic gain A, is Step 4 of 9 Calculations for the drain current = 250 WA Consider the expression for the bias current In 1 W fo= 7 HeCox (3) Voy? Substitute 250 pA for J, . 400 pA/V? for y1,Coy and 8 for z 1 250 w= (400 w)(8)Yoy? 250 p= (1600 p)Voy? y, 2, 250p or 1600 p Voy = VAS6.25 m Voy = 0.395 V Therefore, the value of the overdrive voltage Voy is 0,395 V - Step 5 of 9 Calculate the value of the transconductance g, . Substitute 0.395 V for Voy and 250 pA for J, . _ 2(250 p) 80 9395 =1.27 mAW? Therefore, the value of the transcondcutance g, is | 1.27 mA/V? |. Step 6 of 9 Calculate the value of the intrinsic gain A, WL 24" 4 Voy Substitute $ V/jm for ¥, + 0.36 pm for 7 and 0,395 V for Voy - _2(5/19)(0.36 p) a= 0.395 _ 36 0.395 29.11 Therefore, the value of the intrinsic gain A, is . Step 7 of 9 Consider the expression for the bias current J 1 Ws Ip= pheCox "7 Vor Substitute 2.5mA for Jy, 400 pA/V? for 44,Coy and § for x 2.5m= (400 w)(8) oy? 2.5m =(1600 p) Voy? 2_ 2.5m or 1600 p Voy = V15625 Voy =1.25 V Therefore, the value of the overdrive voltage Vo, is 1.25 V Step 8 of 9 Calculate the value of the transconductance g, . 21, =k BF Substitute 1.25 V for Voy and 2.5 mA for q, . z 225 m) 1.25 =4mA/v? Therefore, the value of the transconductance, g, i Step 9 of 9 Calculate the value of the intrinsic gain A, ' Ae 2V,L Substitute 5 Vjam for y,' . 0.36 pm for Z and 1.25 V for Vay _ 2(5/1 w)(0.36 n) a= 1.25 236 125 = 2,88 Therefore, the value of the intrinsic gain A, isF Stop Fal 25° 8.037P @ eles the ve ote Lense ‘Suoate 028-V 1 Foy 908 LOUA Ty 2008) 028 =H Tester te vane er evarscontstare g, [BORA] S19p 20128 fase ha ate of he gts b=2(0.18n) £036 um Tortora ta van ono sth 036 yam Stop 30123 ty Sitstte 10 UA 1 fy, 0.36pm o£ $ Wham Kr ‘Tower, he vam fn atte, [BORE Stop 42423 eka the ee oe rma sen A, ‘Sule 0.25-V 0 Ky 06 4m tr £884 $ Via fv, 25/19/0368) 4 025 =6 aas waa “Tete wae ofthe nto gan & [TO step 30123 ® "nny wale ‘Site 025 V "Voy 0.364 HL 387 WANN Car 24 BOMAY Be won-oernl Joon rector ne vas town ws, [Op Stop 823 Corser te oxen fhe aan son J be ‘Sues 0.25 V 0 Voy 03 mf IF 36 em "1. 387 WAIVE Cay 8! 10D BA for O3n\y cnel aa) 100 N=(161.25 phon? 1,10 to “61355 Yay? 082 ty OE Kony ‘Teese vt oe wut vetAGE Voy, [TI Bi0p 728 ‘calause the vee vans 2p ane SUBSE 0,79-V 101 Kay 3 100 A BZ o7 025 mv Trefo t auat a arecondotnct yf Step 8ot23 Sip 92425 Clomteine wae eterna Se A, 4 Yoo Suto 0.79 V 0 Koy. O26 ym KrF 3rd $ Via fv, 2(5/1y)(036 uy) Ao 36 ws #456 ‘eetoe, te ve ine nase gon © [ASB] step ost @ Calas he vee ate tansondcene as a7 Subse 0.28 V 01 Voy 4 LOO WA J 2(100 it? =08mAY Tete he vue othe tarscontatares g,.% [DERAAT Sep net ‘Subsite 100 wA 1p 0.36yan or 420d 5 Vim oy" {(511)(036 4) 100 eee ne vane ste esinee 7 6 [HERE] sop trea atl er oe 8 A mie ne ‘Stotto 0.28-V 1 Koy O26 ym £374 $ Via fr," 25/19/0364) 035 o38, aa aaa 4 ‘Tasetoene wane ne nese gan » [Ta] Sup 23 o Conse eps are wars ole Suess 9.28 V 0 Voy. O36 4 Kr £387 HAIV fC 20 MAY 1 Be 023) imacora( se 0.8 mv =(268.75 &)() osm BE Teta to vate wah ws, [To Stop 4erct once te serena ne ance Fy 4 selBhe sone 2 Dam Ab EG A ty sone)! i venstunsne" a Vo’ 36.2 tag NCE ret Yee “Treen, he abe ofthe sie ae Kt step rset 2, Me anit ‘Suna 249 21 Voy 208104 Fy =O Taeoe te vane she tarsconanterce gi [EOS Si9p 180123 ‘Sibente 10 yA To fy. 364m ToL ed 5 Via Ke ¥/ 2036) Treat val oo otc sep A733 Calorie wake athe tice Bae A, meh a’. ‘Seotsfe 249 V0 Kay O16 ym fr Land $ Vig fr 97 251 )(036 an Ho WM036 8) Treo ho va oF ho timacgon » [TAS step 180123 o Tro batostvaun atten in 4, © [TAA] sired orive vege ct aie Tretowestvaueorne nse san, 6 [TAS] staesatoveraneeatae ot [ZaS] e08be rence! [Toma Si0p 19123 han the ve fhe rate * ‘shat conetart ard the vaue ofthe engh is irerase by 10 res, then ‘ho vas he wath aso be ines yes Fac sha to vaio of a oes at orange Stop 28623 \ctauatens rome ara cunentr fy =100 pA, Consider te oxen x he shen cure J ' 2 wy fal Ye Sse 025 V "Vg N13 3 ANE eg OA a 1 won = anya ora 100 n= (161.25 u)Pon? Taos val of Ee See gt Veg 0.78 V Bip 2423 Cesc tne yoke ore sigan A, wk ae SIDS 0,79 V 0 Hoy O36 y BFL 8nd 5 Vim tr ¥,) asnnyoss gw How 0360) “Dovel, teva ote remecane + [56] Sip 220123 Cates ha caret fy =10 pA Conaaerne xresson fx newancutet J, ‘Sibetnte 0.28 V 100 Vay «3m SF WE O36 mF L387 WAIVE FAC 80 LO HA et te wowngooral saa}? i Veg? =62 Voy = 6B Voy = 249 ros haat eo gs Voy 2.49 sep 250122 Catal mows ott ines gin A, ‘Suoete 2.49 V 01 Vay O26 yn fr Land S Vaan fr 9 gc teormfonen) 20 ‘Theetor the va ote ntinsicgan « [TAS‘' it Step 1 of 3 8.038P Calculate the value of the transconductance, g, . 21, ==2 BAF Substitute 0.15 V for Vo, and 100 pA ‘or J, . 2100p Ba OS =1.33 mA/V? Therefore, the value of the transconductance, g is [133 man] . Step 2 of 3 Consider the expression for the bias current, J, . 1 Ww In = hon (2) Voy? Substitute 0.15 V for Vy, . 100 pA for 7, . 400 pA/V? for 4,Coy and 0.5 pm for £ 100 w= 4 (400 (ee }oasy 100 p =(400)(W)(22.5 m) 100» =9W 200 We- 9 We=illlpm Therefore, the value of the width Vis Step 3 of 3 Calculate the value of the resistance, r, VL nae Substitute 100 pA for 7, , 0.5 um for £ and 6 V/pm for y/ . — (6 w)(05 nu) 100 p % “100 w =30kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance r, is [30 kQ]-Step 1 of 3 Required current-source-loaded CS amplifier is, Vop 1=50pA Vin O—— Figure 1 ~ | 8.039P Step 2 of 3 Find channel widthtength ratio, z . Trans-conductance parameter &* = 200 pA/V* Early voltage Vi = 20 V/yum Drain current J = 50 pA. Over drive voltage Vy = 0.2 Vand Open circuit voltage gain A, = -100 V/V Rewrite the equation WU Lo kVow ‘Substitute corresponding values. W __2x50x10* EL 200x10*x02? 2125 Channel width-length ratio is [[2.5] - Find trans-conductance, g,, - Thus, trans-conductance, g, is Step 3 of 3 Input resistance of an active loaded or current-source-oaded CS amplifier i Write the formula for voltage gain. 4 = — Bul Find output resistance, », ss “8m Substitute corresponding values. rele * (-05x10°) = 200k Find the length £ Le Ss Substitute corresponding values. = 200 x10? x 50x 10% x 10% L 20 =0.5 ym Thus, length of the channel, z. is [0.5 uml -Stop 1 of6 8.040P Refer to the circuit diagram of current —source load of the common source (CS) amplifier in Figure 7.3(a) in the textbook. From the figure, itis clear that the PMOS device acts as the load to NMOS CS amplifier. Write the expression for overdrive voltage Voy, « Vor] = Vso —Ye| Here yu is threshold voltage. Vag, is the source to gate voltage. Rewrite the expression. Vor|=¥se ~Wol a, -Ve- Ve Rewrite the expression. ¥e=¥e—Vol-Worl Itis clear that, source voltage V, at PMOS device is equal to Vy - Supply voltage V,, is 2.5 V. Substitute 2.5 for V, , 0.5 for u, and 0.3 for Voy, ¥, =2.5-0.5-0.3 =2.5-08 S17V Thus, gate voltage V, i Step 2 of 6 () There is a single current (drain current) flows through the entire circuit. Drain current is, Inet =100 pA Write the expression for current. 1=4(u560)(2) [Yoo-Ve-ell Substitute 44,C,, for 100, 2.5 for Vyp .0.5 for V, and 100 A for J (3), [25-1.7-0.3f Solve oF] . L 2 W) _100x10* (7), “"50(0.3)" 100x10* $0(0.8-100x10*)" =22.22x10° Thus, width to length ratio of PMOS transistor is [29.22% 10] Step 3 of 6 Recall the current equation. Is $(1,62)() [Yo All Substitute 44,C,, for 200, 2.5 for Vag ,0.5 for V, and 100 pA for 7 100x10* -$(200/() [25-17-05] 207), Solve for (3) . Lh (3) 10x10 L), 100(03)° ____toox10* © 50(0.8-100x10) =ILLx10° Thus, width to length ratio of NMOS transistor is[11.11x10-*)- Step 4 of 6 Refer to the circuit diagram of small-signal equivalent circuit of the amplifier in Figure 7.3(c) in the textbook. Write the expression for gain of the circuit. y, =2 ary rll %2) Here g,, is the trans-conductance of the NMOS transistor. 1, is the ac output resistance of the NMOS transistor. Tzy iS the ac output resistance of the PMOS transistor. Step 5 of 6 Write the expression for early voltage. Yq Valk Lis the channel length. V7, is the early voltage per length. In the fabricated process, for CS amplifier the channel length is 0.4 pm Substitute 0.4 yam for Z and 3, for 20 V/um in the equation. Yq = Vuk = (20 V/um)(0.4 pm) =8V Write the expression for 7, Here Vy is the early voltage Substitute 20 V/pm for Vq and 100 pA for 7 in the expression. n= 1 100 pA =80kQ Thus, the ac output resistance 7, of the NMOS transistor is $0 k& Similarly the ac output resistance ., of the PMOS transistor is 80 kQ - Step 6 of 6 Write the expression for trans-conductance of NMOS transistor. 2 Sa Forl _2(100 pA) (03) =6.66x10% & Recall the gain of the circuit expression. 4,=—Bui (Fa ll%2) Substitute 666% 10 for gy. 80 kM for 7, and 80 kQ for 7,5 4, = (6.66x10 B)(8 kQ18 kQ) = (6.6610 B)(4 kO) = 2.66 VV Therefore the voltage gain of the circuit is [2.66 V/V]-Stop 1 017 8.041P Refer to Figure 8.15 (a) from the text book. Calculate the value of the voltage Vg.) - Yes2 =Vn + Voy Substitute 9,5 V for v, and —0,25 V for voy - Voss = -0.5-0.25 =-0.75V Therefore, the value of the voltage Veg. is -0.75 V - Step 2 of 7 Calculate the value of the voltage vg . Ye = Yop Msg =Vop + Ves Substitute 0,75 V for vgs, aNd 1.8 V for vpy ¥%q =1.8-0.75 =105V Therefore, the value of the voltage vg is |} Step 3 of 7 Calculate the value of the transconductance g,, . 2h Ba 7 Substitute 100 A for 7 and 0,25 V for Voy - 2(100 n) Bu =~ 935 =0.8 mAV Therefore, the value of the transconductance g,, is 0,8 mA/V - Step 4 of 7 Consider the expression for the voltage gain 4, . A= 8m (Malla) Here, ny = ry - A 4 --2(4) Substitute 0.8 mA/V for g,, and —40 V/V for 4, . —40=-(0.8 m() 40=(04 m)(r) 40 04m fy =100 kQ ty = Therefore, the value of the resistance r, is 100 kO Step 50f7 Consider the expression for the resistance r, WL n= 7 Substitute 100 kQ2 for r,, 100 pA for y and 5 V/um for ¥,, (S/1m)zZ 10k 1,~ {100 k)(100 2) (S/n) __10 ~G/in) L=2pm Therefore, the value of the length Z is Zum] . Step 6 of 7 Consider the expression for the current i through the transistor 2, . I Ww 2 = —|(% 1x5 1Cu(E) Yor) Substitute 400 pa/V? for ,C,, . 100 HA for 7 and 5 W/m for Voy . 100 w=1(400 »(2) (025)7 2 Tr) (eer (7) * as = (F)- 4(0.0625) 25) ( Therefore, the value of the ratio (=) is []- A a ) 025 Step 7 of 7 Consider the expression for the current 7 through the transistor 2, . 1 Ww 2 16 (F) a} Substitute 100 pA/V? for 4,C,, . 100 mA for J and 5 V/um for Voy 100 w=7(100 »(2) (0.257 2 1 (7), (0.25) (2) -, L), (0.25 *) =—2_ L) 0.0625 a Therefore, the value of the ratio. ¥) is Bal L)Step 1 of 4 Consider the Figure P8.42 from the text book. Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram Figure 1 Step 2 of 4 Consider the expression for the voltage v,., Yg2 = —Bmt¥ en (fr ll Fan) Substitute v, for v9, — »() o2 = Bm 2 Therefore, the expression for the voltage v,,. is -en( Step 3 of 4 Consider the expression for the output voltage. Therefore, the expression for the overall voltage gain is, Step 4 of 4 Recall equation (1). 24, y, Substitute 2 for g_ and —4 for», ‘ov » 4 Vy, fy Substitute § V for ¥, and 400 V/V for ~ . , 2 400 = > ‘or 25 Vi = 00 3 ror = V0 Vp, =0.25V Therefore, the value of the overdrive voltage V,,,. is, | 0.25 V | -Vapor 2 8.043P @ fete FqueP. in be ena ese cove ampere. Vie te essen dan cuertot an HOS taser 2 (re Here, HIP sn condition peanetr Ip Neglect ne feedback curentin the network, suesttue 210° a/v? to A and 200 xi0 A 1 Jo ool 2 20x10" = $(2310°)23, 2 (So V3, 202 Voy 204472. V CCateuate the gate source vatlage. ‘sunstute 0.5 V for ¥, and 04472 V 101 Voy Vey #0447240 =09472V n095 ‘Thus, tho gate-tosource vowage ofthe network, Hogs step 20H Cates te gate votage of he ret Ks 0.95 VV, 2095 sweat 0 tr Ve ¥,-0=095 ¥,=095V Caveat te decent inthe feedback ner atk z, Ite R ‘Substiule9,95 Vor Ve and 2 MA for 095 fF = 0.475 xi0* A 0475 pA ‘Thus, te decurent ihe ledbasc note, s ATS pA] “The de curent in the feedback network is very sme compared 0200 wA.. $0, neglecting he feedback current in the network is correct. Step 301 12 CCaleuate the drain source volage of the network. Vou =Vo-¥y Veg =I(R4R,)-¥, ‘Suosttute 0.475 WA for Fy .2 MOQ TOF R.3 MQ for Ry and OY for, Vox = (047Sx10°) (210% 43.1040 = (0475x10*)(5x10°) #2375 a2AV ‘Thus, the dain source volage ef the network, Hog I Step 40°12 ‘Carcuse the output resistance ofthe network Reale Subst 2.4 Vfor Vag and 200 4A fOr Jp Re 00x10" =12x10 =z CCateuale the output resistance of transistor. pel D ‘Supstiute 20 Vitor ¥,, and 200 4A for ae **200x10* =0.1x10 =100kQ ‘Thus, he output resistance of Wanssstor y, Is very large compared tothe outeUtresitanc of he network AR, Hence, the effect of pcan be nesigiie Step 5.0 12 ) ‘Draw the sman signa equivaentcrcut diagram, 3MQ ‘Step 8 0°12 Apply nodat analysis fo node 2. =894.45x10" AV =894.45 A/V Stop 7 of 12 Ccatetate the sman signal vortage gain of the network trom equation (1). ‘Substitute 35 19¢ £10 Ry 100 x10" 2 for 7, and 894.45 pA/V %F g,, 894.4510 ag 10010” 310° = 284.1167 c10% 1.0833%107 =-8653VV ‘Thus, the sma signa! votage gain ofthe network, ay Step Bor 12 \Winen the NNVOS trarsisior remains in saturation, the argest outou vertage is obtsined at minimum drain to satetige owes Venn) Vor =04472 V Largest signal voltage tes inthe range of yp ) ‘Substitute 2.4 V 10r¥%pg (max) 374 0.4472 VO" ¥pg(min)in the equation ) 10 vpg (mx). Hence, he gest oft vtiage i, ¥, (max) = Yar (18x) =o Thus the peak othe argest ouput ine wave sign, v, (max) Cateutate the inpul vatage af maximum sutpul vollage \yl=225mVv “Thus th input vatlage a maximum opt vote. fy Step 90F 12 ro) ‘Draw the equivatnt cevitd agra with dummy votage source at the input 3MQ Figure 2 Step 11.0112 ‘Apply esl anaiyeis © node 1 Stop 12 012 CCatetate the sma signal input resistance ofthe network Re = 33.685 amin ‘Thus, the sma signal input resistance ofthe network, Re isStop 1 of5 8.044P Consider the Figure 8.16(a) from the text book. Consider the expression for the output resistance. Rog =r ll 2 V, ASSUME fy Hey 8M Ip = Ipg Substitute 74 for ry and tay. > Kava ty I, Rae 4% f, ‘D> L, Dp “a, Ya Substitute § V for ¥, and 100 kQ for Ry 5 100k= 5 s to" F000 k) Ip =25 pA Therefore, the value of the drain current J, is 25 pA - Step 2 of 5 Consider the expression for the voltage gain 4, . 4, = 8 mRow Substitute 100 kQ for Ry, and —40 V/V for 4, - 40 VV =-g,,(100 k) = Bn TOOK Sm = 0.4 mAV Therefore, the value of the transconductance is 0.4 mA/V - Step 3 of 5 Consider the expression for the transconductance g., - Ww mt =H, | | ¥, Su tL)" ste 2H Substitute 2 for Voy, . Sut W) 21, = =—2 Bn 7) Bu 2a aiyad(™ ai =2iek:(F) roo g (& ea 21k, (7) ( ‘Substitute 0.4 mA/V for g,, . 25 WA for J, and 400 A/V? for 4! W)___(0.4m) (7) © 2(25 4)(400 4) 016 ~ 2(25 1)(400 p) = O16n 0.02 » =8 Ww Therefore, the ratio of | —] is B] ( L | Step 4 of 5 Consider the expression for the overdrive voltage Vy, Substitute 0,4 mA/V for g,, and25 pA for J, - ~2(25n) on 04m =0.125V Therefore, the value of the voltage Y,,, is 0.125 V - The values of the volages Voy, and Vyy, are equal to Vy, since transistors Q, and Q, are operated at Yon Step 5 of 5 Consider the expression for the drain current Ip, - toe CE Substitute 25 wA for Ip, 0.125 V for Voy, and 100 wA/V? for k," - 25 w= L(100 »(), (0.125) 1 -4(2) (sees m) I= (7) (31.25 m) (4) - 1 L) 31.25m (2-9 Therefore, value of the ratio (2) is [32].‘' it Step 1 of 2 8.045P The input de bias for the maximum possible output voltage will be the average values of the voltages V,, and Vjy since the characteristics are linear in segment Ill that is at affer ve, = Vo. Calculate the value of the input dc bias voltage. Vat, vy wate (ial 2 Substitute 0.89 for V,, and 0.935 for Vig . 0,89+0.935 2 1,825 —— 2 =0.9125 V 4 Therefore, the required value of the input voltage V, i Step 2 of 2 Calculate the maximum value of the output voltage. Von tM Vy = -mut lon ‘0 = 2 Substitute 2.47 for V,, and 0.335 for Vj, - 2.474035 2 = 2:805 "2 =1.4025 V V, Therefore, the required value of the input voltage V, is [1.4025 V | ." it Step 1 of 5 8.046P Calculate the value of the voltage Vou . Vou =Vo0 “Ve ‘ors Substitute 0,526 V for Fors and 5 V for Voy - Voy =5—0.526 =4,474V Therefore, the value of the voltage Vo, is, 4.474 V Step 2 of 5 Calculate the value of the voltage Ves - Ysa =Vel+Pors| Substitute 0.6 V for |v, /_| and 0.526 V for Ways] - Vg =0.6+0.526 =1.126V Therefore, the value of the voltage V5, is 1.126 V - Step 3 of 5 The drain currents of the transistors Q, and Q, will be equal for the linear region of the characteristics in Figure 8.16(b) from the text book. That is. toy = Loy Substitute i Cox (2) e-my(u 4) for Ip, and esCa() (m-Pll [b+ 2p=2] ey. pater) 01% (Mg) -daicer() Pal M9) The values (7) and () are equal. Hence, Lh Lh WLatti-Me) (1+) 4,Cox (Vax -l¥el) '{ ta} Substitute 200 pA/V? for 4,Coy » 65 pA/V? for H,Cox 0.6 V for V,, and 1.126 V for Veg SV for Voy . 20° for V,, and 10 V for Vy, . (200 2)(¥, 06) (16% 4 4). (65 n)(1.126-0.6)" (i +h) (200y(, ~06) (222%) «(65)(0s26y (45%) (200)(¥, -0.6)" (ee }- (65)(0.276676)(15-¥,) (200)(¥, - 0.6)' (20+ V, ) = (130)(0.276676)(15-F,) (200)(¥; -0.6)' (20+, ) =(35.96788)(15-¥,) -— (0) Let ¥, =V,, and and ¥, =¥,, Substitute 4.474 V for V,, (200)(V,, -0.6)" (20+ 4.474) =(35.96788)(15- 4.474) (200)(¥,, -0.6)' (24.474) = (35.96788)(10.526) (¥,,-0.6)° (4894.8) = 378.588 378.588 V,,-0.6) =2—228 (Y4- 08) = org (V,,-0.6)' = 0.0774 Vy —-06 = J0.0774 Vi, -06=0.278 Vi, =0.278+06 =0.878V Therefore, the value of the voltage V,, for V,, = 4.474 V is 0,878 V - Step 4 of 5 Recall equation (1). (200)(¥, -0.6)' (20+V, )=(35.96788)(15-F, ) Let Vy =Voy and V, = Vip (200) (Vip - 0.6)" (20-+V gg ) = (35.96788)(15 Voy) Substitute Vy —V,, for Voy - (200)(V_ - 0.6)" (20+ Vg -V,,) = (35.96788)(15—Vy_ -V,) Substitute 0,6 V for |V,| . (200)(Vig -0.6)" (20+ Fig - 0.6) =(35.96788)(15- Vy - 0.6) (200) (Vig -0.6)' (19.4 + Vig ) = (35.96788) (14.4—Vy) (Voq? -1.2V q + 0.36) (3880 +200V,, ) = 517.94-35.97V,, 3880Vjg? + 200Vjq? — 4656V yg — 240Vig? + 1396.8 + 72V g = 517.94-35.97V n 200V,,) +3640V pq? - 4584V jy +1396.8 = 517.94 -35.9 Vy 200V,,? +3640V;," — 4584Vy +1396.8-517.94+35.97% ip =0 200M,” + 3640Vj_" — 4548.03V 4 + 878.86 = 0 Solve for the value of Vig , we get Vig = 0.24 V. Vg =0.95 V and V,, =-19.39 V Chose the value of Vj, to be Vp =0.95 V so that Vy >V,, . Hence, the value of Vip is 0.95 V Step 5 of 5 Calculate the value of the voltage Voy - Von =Vq-V, Substitute 0.95 V for Vg and 0.6 V for V, - Voq = 0.95-0.6 =035V Therefore, the value of the voltage Voy is 0.35 V Therefore, the linear region at the output extends in the range | 0.35 VV, < 4.474 V | occurs for the input range 0.878 V

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