Art and Culture

CURRENT AFFAIRS Oct 2020

Oaxaca khadi village in Mexico

Issue
In his Mann ki Baat address, Prime Minister Narendra Modi cited example
of Oaxaca village in Mexico to convey importance and popularity of Khadi.

Background
Modi narrated an anecdote about how khadi reached the Latin
American country after a local resident became influenced by a film on
Mahatma Gandhi.

Details
 Khadi Oaxaca is a farm-to-garment collective which comprises around
400 families, which live and work on traditional farms and homesteads in
the Oaxaca region of southern Mexico.
 It has been founded by Mark “Marcos” Brown, an American living in
Mexico, and his wife, Kalindi Attar.
 The product uses cotton produced and cultivated on the Oaxaca coast,
and produces chemical-free clothing, relying on locally harvested plant-
based dyes.
 Before starting the project, Brown lived in India for 12 years, and was
strongly influenced by Gandhi. For two years (1986-88), he lived in
Gujarat’s Sabarmati Ashram, where he learned about khadi.
 In the San Sebastián Rio Hondo village, he began teaching spinning
to local families, and eventually started Khadi Oaxaca in 2010.
 Khadi Oaxaca is evolving as a model for any village wishing to live
those traditions that sustain life and help it to thrive.

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Art and Culture
CURRENT AFFAIRS Oct 2020

 Gandhiji saw the truth of where modern industry and politics were
leading. He was tried to show us the way. Today we must also see that
vision of non-violence in our industries and politics.

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Art and Culture
CURRENT AFFAIRS Oct 2020

World Polio Day

Issue
October 24 is observed as World Polio Day every year in order to call on
countries to stay vigilant in their fight against the disease.

Background
World Polio Day was established by Rotary International over a decade ago
to commemorate the birth of Jonas Salk, who led the first team to develop
the vaccine against the disease.

Details
 As per the WHO, since 1980, the cases of wild poliovirus have
decreased by over 99.9 per cent as a result of vaccination efforts made
around the world.
 In the last three decades, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative
(GPEI), led by national governments and the WHO, has been monitoring
the disease situation globally.

Polio
 Polio is a crippling and potentially deadly disease that affects the
nervous system. Because the virus lives in the faeces of an infected person,
people infected with the disease can spread it to others.
 Most people with polio do not feel sick. Some people have only minor
symptoms, such as fever, tiredness, nausea, headache, nasal congestion,
sore throat, cough, stiffness in the neck and back, and pain in the arms and
legs.

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Art and Culture
CURRENT AFFAIRS Oct 2020

 In rare cases, polio infection causes permanent loss of muscle function

(paralysis). Polio can be fatal if the muscles used for breathing are paralyzed
or if there is an infection of the brain.
 The virus multiplies in the intestine, from where it can invade the
nervous system and can cause paralysis. Once that happens, the patient is
crippled for life because there is no treatment for the affliction.
 There are three variants of the poliovirus, numbered 1 to 3. For a
country to be declared polio-free, the wild transmission of all three kinds has
to be stopped.
 Afghanistan and Pakistan are the two countries that are the last
stronghold of the wild poliovirus. In Pakistan, the number of reported wild
poliovirus cases has increased in 2020.
 In 2019, polio outbreaks were recorded in the Philippines, Malaysia,
Ghana, Myanmar, China, Cameroon, Indonesia and Iran, which were mostly
vaccine-derived.
 India was declared polio-free in January 2014, after three years of zero
cases, an achievement widely believed to have been spurred by the
successful pulse polio campaign in which all children were administered
polio drops. The last case due to wild poliovirus in the country was detected
on January 13, 2011.

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