NURSING

GENERIC BRAND GENERAL MECHANISM ROUTE OF ADVERSE

INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS RESPONSIBILIT
NAME NAME CLASSIFICATION OF ACTION DOSAGE REACTIONS
Y
Sodium Lactated Fluid/ Electrolyte restores fluid and 1000 mL IV lactated The administration of  allergic 1. I.V. fluids are
Chloride Ringers replacement, blood electrolyte @105cc/hr Ringer’s Ringer’s lactate in patients reactions, administered only
volume expander balances, solution, is a with liver dysfunction. such as with a clearly
produces type of isotonic, Most of the lactate is localized or written
diuresis, and acts crystalloid fluid metabolized in the liver, generalized prescription. The
as alkalizing further and any dysfunction there hives and order should
agent (reduces classified as a will be an accumulation of itching, specify the type of
acidity) balanced or lactate. This can confuse swelling of solution, the
buffered interpretation of lactate the eyes, concentration, the
solution used levels. face, or amount to be
for fluid throat, administered and
replacement. coughing, s the total time of
Ringer’s neezing, or infusion.
lactate is a great difficulty
fluid for breathing. 2. Maintain the
aggressive fluid  Other side specified rate of
replacement in effects of flow to prevent
many clinical Lactated circulatory
situations, Ringer's overload.
including peptic Injection 3. Monitor
ulcer disease. may electrolytes and
include assess for
fever, hypervolemia.
 infection at
injection
site, or 4. Teach patient
 redness/red about prescribed
streaking medications,
and including
swelling name, dosage,
from the frequency, and
site of possible side
injection. effects. Also
identify medicatio
ns such as aspirin
that patient should
avoid.
 NURSING
GENERIC BRAND GENERAL MECHANISM ROUTE OF ADVERSE
INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS RESPONSIBILIT
NAME NAME CLASSIFICATION OF ACTION DOSAGE REACTIONS
Y
Omeprazole Omepron Antisecratory drug, Gastric acid 40mg/capsule Short-term Contraindicated with  Headac  Verify
proton pump pump inhibitor: per orem TID treatment of hypersensitivity to he doctor’s
inhibitor suppresses active duodenal omeprazole or its  Dizzine order
gastric acid ulcer; First line components; use cautiously ss  Follow ten
secretion by therapy in with pregnancy, lactation  Constip rights
specific treatment of ation  Perform
inhibition of the heartburn or  Diarrhe hand
hydrogen- symptoms of a hygiene
potassium ATP gastroesophage  vomitin  Make sure
as enzyme al reflux disease g patient has
system at the (GERD); Short swallow
secretory surface term treatment the
of the gastric of active benign medicine
parietal cells; gastric ulcer;  Instruct the
blocks the final GERD, severe patient to
step of acid erosive rest and
production esophagitis, provide
poorly therapeutic
responsive environme
symptomatic nt
GERD; Long
term therapy:
Treatment of
pathologic
hypersecretory
conditions
(Zollinger-
Ellison
syndrome,
multiple
adenomas,
systemic
mastocytosis);
eradication of
H.pylori with
amoxicillin or
metronidazole
and
clarithromycin
 NURSING
GENERIC BRAND GENERAL MECHANISM ROUTE OF ADVERSE
INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS RESPONSIBILIT
NAME NAME CLASSIFICATION OF ACTION DOSAGE REACTIONS
Y
Ceftriaxone Rocephine 3rd generation Works by 1mg IVTT q12 Indicated in Hypersensitive to  Pain  Assess
cephalosporin inhibiting the patients with cephalosporins, penicillins  Indurati patient’s
mucoceptide neurologic and related antibiotics on previous
synthesis in the complications,  Phlebiti sensitivity
bacterial cell carditis and s reaction to
wall. The arthritis. It is  Rash penicillin
betalactam also affective in  Diarrhe or other
moiety of Gram negative a cephalospo
ceftriaxone binds infections;  Thromb rins.
to meningitis, ocytosi  Assess
carboxypeptidas gonorrhea. It is s patient for
es, also for bone signs and
 Leucop
endopeptidases, and joint symptoms
enia
and infections, of infection
 Glossiti
transpeptidases lower before and
s
in the bacterial respiratory, during the
 Respire
cytoplasmic middle ear treatment
super
membrane. infection, PID,
infectio  Obtain
These enzymes septicemia and C&S
ns
are involved in urinary tract before
cell wall infections. beginning
synthesis and drug
cell division. By therapy to
binding to these identify if
enzymes, correct
ceftriaxone treatment
results in the has been
formation of initiated.
defective cell  Report
walls and cell signs such
death. as
petechiae,
ecchymotic
areas,
epistaxis or
other forms
of
unexplaine
d bleeding.
 NURSING
GENERIC BRAND GENERAL MECHANISM ROUTE OF ADVERSE
INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS RESPONSIBILIT
NAME NAME CLASSIFICATION OF ACTION DOSAGE REACTIONS
Y
Fluimucil Acetylcysteine mucolytic Exerts mucolytic 600mg/tab 1 tab Treatment of Known hypersensitivity to Bronchospasm,  Record the
action through in a ½ glass of respiratory acetylcesteine. As angioedema, blood
its free water QD at infections acetylcysteine granules and rashes and pressure
sulfhydryl group night characterized by tablets contain aspartame, pruritis. Other every two
which opens up thick and it is contraindicated in adverse effects minutes
the disulfide viscous patients suffering from reported with from the
bonds in the hypersecretions: phenylketonuria. acetylcysteine time of
mucoproteins chronic include nausea administrat
thus lowering bronchitis, and vomiting, ion is
mucous acute bronchitis fever, syncope, started
viscosity. The and its sweating, until
exact mechanism exacerbation; arthralgia, desired
of action in pulmonary blurred vision, blood
acetaminophen emphysema, disturbances of pressure is
toxicity is muscovidosis liver function. obtained
unknown. It is and and then
thought to act by bronchieactasis. every five
providing minutes if
substrate for administrat
conjugation with ion is to be
the toxic continued.
metabolite  Monitor
effectivene
ss of
therapy and
advent of
adverse/all
ergic
effects.
Instruct
patient
inappropria
te use and
adverse
effects to
report.
 NURSING
GENERIC BRAND GENERAL MECHANISM ROUTE OF ADVERSE
INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS RESPONSIBILIT
NAME NAME CLASSIFICATION OF ACTION DOSAGE REACTIONS
Y
Amlodipine Vasalat Calcium channel Amlodipine is a 10mg 1tab QD Treatment of Hypersensitivity to CV:  Monitor
blocker calcium channel mild to amlodipine palpitations, BP for
blocking agent moderate flushing therapeutic
that selectively hypertension tachycardia, effectivene
blocks calcium and angina peripheral or ss.
ion reflux across facial edema,  Monitor
cell membranes bradycardia, heart rate;
of cardiac and chest pain, dose-
vascuklar syncope, related
smooth muscle postural palpitations
without changing hypotension. (more
serum calcium CNS: light- common in
concentration. It headedness, women)
predominantly fatigue, may occur.
acts on the headache.  Monitor
peripheral GI: abdominal BP with
circulation, pain, nausea, postural
decreasing anorexia, changes.
peripheral constipation, Monitor
vascular dyspepsia, more
resistance, and dysphagia, frequently
increases cardiac diarrhea, when
output. flatulence, additional
vomiting antihyperte
UROGENITA nsives or
L: sexual diuretics
dysfunction, are added.
nocturia
RESPIRATOR
Y: dyspnea
SKIN:
flushing,rash
OTHER:Arthra
lgia, cramps,
myalgia
 NURSING
GENERIC BRAND GENERAL MECHANISM ROUTE OF ADVERSE
INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS RESPONSIBILIT
NAME NAME CLASSIFICATION OF ACTION DOSAGE REACTIONS
Y
Azithromycin Zithromax Macrolide Blocks 500mg QD per Mild-to- Contraindicated with Mild to  Administer
transpeptidation orem moderate hypersensitivity to moderate on an
by binding to 50s susceptible infe azithromycin, nausea, empty
ribosomal ctions including erythromycin, or any vomiting, stomach
subunit of acute bacterial macrolide antibiotic abdominal 1hr before
susceptible exacerbations of pain, or 2-3 after
organisms and COPD, acute dyspepsia, meals.
disrupting RNA- bacterial sinusiti flatulence, Food
dependent s, acute otitis diarrhea, affects the
protein synthesis media, cramping;angi absorption
at the chain community- oedema, of this
elongation step acquired pneum cholestatic drug.
onia, jaundice;  Take the
pharyngitis/tons vertigo, full course
illitis, somnolence; prescribed.
uncomplicated transient Do not take
skin and skin elevations of with
structure, liver enzyme antacids.
urethritis, cervic value Tablets and
itis, chancroid i oral
n men. suspension
can be
taken with
or without
food.
 Report
severe or
watery
diarrhea,
severe
nausea or
vomiting,
rash or
itching,
mouth
sores,
vaginal
sore.
 NURSING
GENERIC BRAND GENERAL MECHANISM ROUTE OF ADVERSE
INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS RESPONSIBILIT
NAME NAME CLASSIFICATION OF ACTION DOSAGE REACTIONS
Y
Irbesartan Aprovel Antihypertensive Inhibit the 300mg 1tab QD For the renal artery stenosis. low  feeling Assessment &
vasoconstrictive treatment of blood pressure. a condition dizzy or Drug Effects
and aldosterone- hypertension with muscle tissue having a
secreting effects and treatment of breakdown called spinning  Monitor for
of angiotensin II renal disease in rhabdomyolysis. a type of sensation therapeutic
by selectively patients with allergic reaction called (vertigo) effectivene
blocking binding hypertension angioedema  headache ss:
of angiotensin Ii and type II  feeling sick Maximum
to receptor sites diabetes (nausea) pressure
in many tissues. mellitus, as part  being sick lowering
of an (vomiting) effect may
antihypertensiv or diarrho not be
e drug regimen. ea. evident for
 pain in 6–12 wk;
your joints indicated
or muscles. by
decreases
in systolic
and
diastolic
BP.
 Monitor
BP
periodicall
y; trough
readings,
just prior to
the next
scheduled
dose,
should be
made when
possible.
 Lab tests:
Monitor
periodicall
y BUN and
 creatinine,
serum
potassium,
and CBC
with
differential.

Patient & Family

Education

 Inform
physician
immediatel
y if you
become
pregnant.
 Notify
physician
of episodes
of
dizziness,
especially
when
making
position
changes.
 Do not
breast feed
while
taking this
drug.
 GENERAL
GENERIC BRAND MECHANISM ROUTE OF CONTRAINDICATIO ADVERSE NURSING
CLASSIFICA INDICATIONS
NAME NAME OF ACTION DOSAGE NS REACTIONS RESPONSIBILITY
TION
Trade name: Therapeutic : Hyoscine is a Route: IV General : Significant: Tachya Before:
Hyoscine tertiary amine Myasthenia gravis, rrhythmias, 1. Check the
Butylbromid Buscopan Anticholinergi antimuscarinic Dosage : Acute GI: Biliary and narrow-angle glaucoma, hypotension, Doctor’s order.
e c agent. It blocks 1 amp IVTT genitourinary spasm tachycardia, megacolon; increased intra- 2. Assess whether
the action of q8 hours including biliary and hypersensitivity. ocular pressure, the patient is
acetylcholine in renal colic. drowsiness, contraindicated
the smooth confusional states, to the drug.
Pharmacologi muscles of the Parenterally also as visual 3. Prepare
c gastrointestinal, an aid in diagnostic hallucinations, medication
biliary and and therapeutic blurred vision, eye ahead of time.
Antispasmodic urinary tracts, in procedures ( e.g. pain, idiosyncratic 4. Dilute with
, belladonna secretory glands gastrodudenal reactions (e.g. 20cc compatible
alkaloids. and in the CNS, endoscopy, agitation, delusion, intravenous
thus exhibiting radiology) acute toxic fluid.
spasmolytic psychosis), 5. Verify drug,
actions on smooth Patient’s: epileptic seizures. dose,route,
muscles and preoperative timing and
inhibits medications. Nervous system patient’s
secretions. It also disorders: Dizzines identity.
blocks s, headache, During :
transmission of equilibrium
cholinergic disturbance, 1. Administer on
impulses from the excitement, ataxia, right route.
vestibular nuclei hallucinations, 2. Observe aseptic
to the CNS, thus behavioural techniques.
preventing abnormalities, acute 3. Ensure patency.
motion-induced toxic psychosis, 4. Introduce
nausea and agitation, medication
vomiting. confusion, slowly.
paranoia, rambling After:
speech, fatigue,
Onset: Inhibition migraine, 1. Educate patient
of saliva: Within irritability, amnesia, about possible
30-60 minutes restlessness, adverse
(IM, oral); sedation. reactions.
Amnesia: Within 2. Instruct the
10 minutes (IV); patient to report
Antiemesis:
Within 15-30 Cardiac any unusual
minutes (IM), disorders: Bradycar reaction.
approx 4 hours dia. 3. Chart
(transdermal). accordingly.
Gastrointestinal 4. Institute safety
Duration: Antie disorders: Nausea, precaution.
mesis: Up to 72 vomiting, 5. Ensure adequate
hours. hypersalivation, ventilation.
(transdermal), diarrhoea, dry
approx 4 hours mouth, abdominal
(IM); Inhibition cramps,
of saliva: Up to 4- constipation,
6 hours (IM, oesophageal
oral); Amnesia: ulceration.
≥2 hours (IV);
Mydriasis: Up to General disorders
8 hours (IM). and administration
site
conditions: Hyperp
yrexia.

Eye disorders:
Mydriasis,
cycloplegia, eye
pruritus.
Musculoskeletal:
Muscle weakness.

Renal and urinary

disorders: Urinary
retention, dysuria.
Skin and
subcutaneous
tissue
disorders: Flushing
, sweating, dry skin,
rash, erythema,
pruritus, skin burns,
contact dermatitis
(transdermal).
Potentially
Fatal: Anaphylaxis
, shock
 GENERAL
GENERIC BRAND MECHANISM ROUTE OF CONTRAINDICATIO ADVERSE NURSING
CLASSIFICA INDICATIONS
NAME NAME OF ACTION DOSAGE NS REACTIONS RESPONSIBILITY
TION
Calcium Tums, Tums Electrolyte Essential for Route: oral It may be used to treat  loss of 1. Monitor VS
Carbonate Chewy replacement or nervous, vascular conditions caused by  Hypersensitivity appetite especially BP
Delights, Tums supplement and skeletal Dosage : low calcium levels  High calcium  constipation and PR.
Extra, Tums antacids. system. Maintain 100mg/tab such as bone levels in the urine  gas 2. Obtain ECG
Freshers, Tums cell membrane 1tab TID loss (osteoporosis),  Kidney stones (flatulence) result.
Kids, Tums and capillary weak bones (renal calculi)  nausea 3. Access for
Regular, Tums permeability. (osteomalacia/rickets),  Low phosphate  vomiting heartburn,
Smoothies, Acts as an decreased activity of levels indigestion and
Tums Ultra, activator in ythe the parathyroid gland  High calcium  high abdominal pain.
Children’s transmission of (hypoparathyroidism), levels calcium 4. Monitor serum
Pepto the nerve and a certain muscle  Suspected digoxi levels calcium before
impulses and disease (latent tetany) n toxicity treatment.
contraction of 5. Assess the
 low phospha
cardiac, skeletal nausea and
te levels
and smooth vomiting,
muscles. It anorexia, thirst
 milk-
essentials for and severe
alkali syndr
bone formation constipation.
ome
and blood
coagulation. it is
also used a
replacement of
calcium in
deficiency states.
It controls
hyperphosphatem
ia in end stage in
renal disease
without
promoting
aluminum
absorption.
 GENERAL
GENERIC BRAND MECHANISM ROUTE OF CONTRAINDICATI ADVERSE NURSING
CLASSIFICA INDICATIONS
NAME NAME OF ACTION DOSAGE ONS REACTIONS RESPONSIBILITY
TION
Sodium Rhea Sodium Antacids, Anti Sodium Rhea Hyperacidity, Severe Metabolic or Cerebral hemorrhage, 1. Assess the
Bicarbonate Bicarbonate, reflux Agents bicarbonate raises Sodium Diarrhea (where there respiratory alkalosis, CHF (aggravated), client’s fluid
HospiraSodiu and blood and urinary Bicarbonate is a loss of sodium hypernatremia, severe Tetany, Pulmonary balance
m Bicarbonate, Antiulcerants / pH by ( tab ) : bicarbonate). pulmonary edema, edema. throughout the
PhilPharmawe Electrolytes dissociation to hypocalcaemia, therapy. This
alth/Atlantic provide Adult: Urine: Alkalinization, hypochlorhydia. assessment
Sodium bicarbonatetions, 325mg/tab Management of includes intake
Bicarbonate, which neutralizes metabolic acidosis, and output,
UnitedHome the hydrogen ion UnitedHom dyspepsia. daily weight,
Sodium concentration. It e Sodium edema and lung
Bicarbonate also neutralizes Bicarbonate sounds.
gastric acid via ( tab): 2. Symptoms of
production of fluid overload
carbon dioxide. Adult : should be
650- reported such as
Onset: 1300mg hypertension,
Oral: Rapid; TID. edema,
IV: 15 minutes. difficulty
breathing or
Duration: dyspnea, rales
Oral: 8-10minutes or crackles and
IV: 1-2 hr. frothy sputum.

3. Sigs of acidosis
should be
assessed such as
disorientation,
headache,
weakness,
dyspnea and
hyperventilation
.
4. Assess for
alkalosis by
monitoring the
client for
confusion,
irritability,
 paresthesia,
tetany and
altered
breathing
pattern.
5. Hypernatremia
clinical
manifestations
should be
assessed and
monitored
which includes:
edema, weight
gain,
hypertension,
tachycardia,
fever, flushed
skin and mental
irritability.
6. Hypokalemia
should also be
assessed by
monitoring
signs and
symptoms such
as: weakness,
fatigue, U wave
on ECG,
arrhythmias,
polyuria and
polydipsia.
7. IV sites should
be observed
closely.
Extravasation
should be
avoided as
tissue irritation
or cellulitis may
occur when
 taking sodium
bicarbonate.
8. If infiltration
occurs, the
physician
should be
notified
immediately.
Confer with the
doctor or other
health care staff
regarding warm
compresses and
infiltration site
with lidocaine
or
hyaluronidase.
9. Monitor the
client’s serum
calcium,
sodium,
potassium,
bicarbonate
concentrations,
serum
osmolarity,
acid-base
balance and
renal function
before and
throughout the
therapy.
10. Tablets must be
taken with a full
glass of water.
11. For clients
taking the
medication as a
treatment for
peptic ulcers it
may be
administered 1
and 3 hours
after meals and
at bedtime.
 GENERAL
GENERIC BRAND MECHANISM ROUTE OF ADVERSE NURSING
CLASSIFICATIO INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS
NAME NAME OF ACTION DOSAGE REACTIONS RESPONSIBILITY
N
Ranitidine Zantac Histamine, Competitively Rourte : IV  Short-term Contraindicated with CNS: - Document
Hydrochloride Antagonist inhibits of action treatment of allergy to Ranitidine, Headaches, indications for
at Histamine at Dosage : active Lactation. Malaise, therapy, onset
the H2 receptors 50mg q8h. duodenal ulcer Dizziness, characteristics
of the parietal Use cautiously with Somnolence, of symptoms,
cells of the impaired renal or hepatic Insomnia, other agents
stomach,  Short- term function, pregnancy. Vertigo. used and
inhibiting basal treatment of anticipated
gastric acid active, benign CV: treatment.
secretion and gastric ulcer. Tachycardia,
.gastric acid Bradycardia. - Assess stomach
secretion that is  Maintenance
stimulated by Therapy for Dermatologic: - Pain noting
food, insulin, duodenal ulcer Rash, Alopecia. characteristics,
histamine, at reduced frequency of
cholinergic dosage GI: occurrence and
agonists, gastrin Constipation, things that alter
and pentagastrin.  Short- term Diarrhea, Nausea it.
treatment for and Vomiting
GERD. and Abdominal - Obtain CBC
pain, Hepatitis.
 Pathologic
hypersecretory GU: Impotence
conditions ( or decreased
Zollinger- Lobido.
Ellison
Syndrom) .
Hematologic:
 Treatment of Leucopenia,
erosive Granulocytopeni
esophagitis. a,
Thrombocytopen
ia, Pancytopenia
 Treatment of
heartburn, acid
indigestion,
sour stomach.
 GENERAL
GENERIC BRAND MECHANISM ROUTE OF ADVERSE NURSING
CLASSIFICATIO INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS
NAME NAME OF ACTION DOSAGE REACTIONS RESPONSIBILITY
N
Omeprazole Losec, Therapeutic: Gastric acid Route: IVTT Indicated for: Contraindicated with CNS : Headaches, Assess: Bowel
Prilosec, antiulcer agents pump- inhibitor:  Short term hypersensitivity to Dizziness, asthenia, sounds q8h,
Prilosec Suppresses Frequency: treatment of omeprazole or its vertigo, insomnia, abdomen for pain.
OTC, Pharmacologic: gastric acid OD activeduodena components; use Apathy, anxiety,
Zegerid proton-pump secretion by l ulcer; first- cautiously with pregnancy paresthesias, dream Administer: Before
inhibitors specific inhibition Dosage: 1 line therapy in and lactation. abnormalities. eating, swallowing
of the Hydrogen- amp, 40g. treatment of capsule do not
Potassium heartburn or Dermatologic: break, crush or
ATPase enzymes symptoms of Rash, chew.
system at the gastroesophag Inflammation,
secretory surface eal reflux pruritis, alopecia, Teach the
of the gastric disease dry skin. Patient/Family: that
parietal cells; (GERD). diabetic patient
blocks the final  Short term of GI : Diarrhea, should know
steps of acid treatment of abdominal pain, hypoglycemia may
production. active benign nausea, occur.
gastric ulcer; Vomiting,
 GERD, severe constipation, dry To avoid alcohol
erosive mouth, tongue salicytates and
esophagitis, atrophy. Ibuprofen; may
poorly cause GI irritation.
responsive Respiratory:
symptomatic URI symptoms,
GERD; cough, epistasis.
 Long -term
therapy: Other:
treatment of Cancer in
pathologic preclinical studies,
hypersecretor back pain fever.
y conditions (
Zollinger-
Ellison
syndrome,
multiple
adenomas,
systemic
mastocytosis);
 Eradication of
H.pylori with
amoxicillin or
metronidazole
and
clarithromyci
n.
GENERIC BRAND GENERAL MECHANISM OF ROUTE OF ADVERSE NURSING
INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS
NAME NAME CLASSIFICATION ACTION DOSAGE REACTIONS RESPONSIBILITY
Clonidine Catapres Antihypertensive Stimulates alpha- Route : Oral It is indicated in Hypersensitivity 1. Monitor BP
adrenergic receptors in the treatment of Disorders of cardiac Side Effects: carefully
the CNS : which Dosage : Hypertension. pacemaker activity and - Dry mouth when
results in the 0.1mg, conduction. Pregnancy - Drowsiness discontinuing
decreased sympathetic 0.2mg and and lactation. - Dizziness clonidine:
outflow inhibiting 0.3mg. - Constipation Hypertension
cardio acceleration - Sedation usually
and vasoconstriction returns
centers. Adverse Effects: within 48
- Vomiting hours.
- Loss of
appetite 2. Advise
- Malaise ( a patient to
general ill take drug
feeling ) exactly as
- Elevated liver prescribe and
enzymes not to stop
(found using abruptly
blood test) because
- Weight gain withdrawal
- Rash symptoms
and severe
hypertension
may occur.

3. Instruct
patient to
consult
prescriber if
dry mouth or
drowsiness
becomes a
problem.

4. During oral
Clonidine
Therapy. To
minimize
 these effects,
prescriber
may suggest
taking most
of dosage at
bedtime.

5. Instruct
patient to
report chest
pain,
dizziness
with position
changes,
excessive
drowsiness,
rash, urine
retention,
and vision
changes. As
needed, tell
patient to rise
slowly to
avoid
hypotensive
effects.
 GENERAL
GENERIC BRAND MECHANISM OF ROUTE OF ADVERSE NURSING
CLASSIFICATIO INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS
NAME NAME ACTION DOSAGE REACTIONS RESPONSIBILITY
N
Tramadol Ultram Opioid Analgesic Tramadol is a Dosage: Relief of - Hypersensitivity to Sweeting .1. Determine
Ultram ER centrally acting 50mg PRN moderate to the drug. Dizziness patient’s past or
analgesic with a for severe moderately - Raise intracranial Nausea present history of
multimode of action. It pain. severe pain. pressure. Dry mouth addiction to or
acts on serotonergic - Severe renal Fatigue dependence on
and noradrenergic Route : impairment. Constipation opioid.
nociception, while its Intravenous
metabolite 2. Instruct patient to
O-desmethyltramadol increase fluid
acts on the µ-opioid intake to prevent
receptor. Its analgesic dry mouth and
potency is claimed to constipation.
be about one tenth that
of morphine. 3. For better
analgesic effects,
give drugs before
onset of intense
pain.

4. Reassess of level
of pain at least 30
minutes after
administration.

5. Monitor CV and
Respiratory status.
Withhold dose and
notify prescribe if
respirations
decrease or rate is
below 12 beats per
minute.
 GENERIC BRAND GENERAL MECHANISM ROUTE OF CONTRAINDICATIO ADVERSE NURSING
INDICATIONS
NAME NAME CLASSIFICATION OF ACTION DOSAGE NS REACTIONS RESPONSIBILITY
Paracetamol Biogesic Analgesic ( Non- Paracetamol may Dose:500 mg 1 To relieve mild Hypersensitivity to Hematologic: >Assess patient’s
opioid) cause analgesia tab to moderate pain acetaminophen or hemolyticanemia, fever
Antipyretic by inhibiting CNS Route:Oral due to things phenacetin; use with leukopenia,neutro or pain: type of
prostaglandin such as alcohol. penia,pancytopeni pain, location,
synthesis. The Frequency:q 4 headache, a,thrombocytopen intensity, duration,
mechanism of muscle and joint ia temperature, and
morphine is pain, backache diaphoresis.
believed to and period pains. .Hepatic:
involve decreased It is also used to liver damage, >Assess allergic
permeability of bring down a jaundice reactions: rash,
the cell high urticaria; if these
membrane to temperature. For Metabolic: occur, drug may
sodium, which this reason, hypoglycemia have to be
results in paracetamol can Skin: discontinued.
diminished be given to rash, urticuria
transmission of children after >Teach patient to
pain impulses vaccinations to recognize signs of
therefore prevent post- chronic overdose:
analgesia. immunization bleeding, bruising,
pyrexia (high malaise, fever, sore
temperature). throat.
Paracetamol is
often included in >Tell patient to
cough, cold and notify prescriber for
flu pain/fever lasting
remedies. for more than 3
days.