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Double Acting Hydraulic Drilling Jar
Hydra-Jar AP Impact System - Agenda
• Theory
– Jars
– Accelerators
• Hydra-Jar AP
– Features and Benefits
• Drilling Accelerator® Tool
– Features and Benefits
• Jar-Pact™ Impact and Placement Analysis System
– Design Features and Benefits
• Best Practices
• Operations
• Service
• Frequently Asked Questions
Hydra-Jar AP Impact System

Jar Theory
Impact System – Jar Theory

“Jarring provides a method for dynamically

transferring strain energy from the drill string
above the Jar to the stuck point below the Jar.”

A jar is used to free a “stuck pipe” by generating

an amplified force at the stuck point using the
energy from the force applied at surface.
Impact System – Jar – Terms
Drill pipe
• Drill Pipe – the length of tubulars
connected from the rig floor to top
of the BHA
• BHA composed of: U Hammer
P weight
– Upper BHA
P
– Lower BHA
E
• Hammer Weight – all the BHA R
tubulars above the jar B Anvil
H
• Anvil – the surface area where the A Piston
piston collides
• Piston- moving part inside the
detent chamber
Impact System – Storing energy

• The energy of the jar comes

from the force applied on
surface, this applied force is
used to:
– Overcome the string weight
(if jarring up) and

=
– Overcome the drag
(resistance due to friction)
– Fire the jar
Impact System – Detent Mechanism

• Detent system
– A system that is used to
restrict the movement of a
mechanical part (piston)
momentarily before
releasing it
– Hydraulic Detent –
restriction created by
metering a hydraulic fluid
across an orifice
– Restriction allows the drill
pipe to store energy by
stopping it from moving at
one point so the drill pipe
stretches / compresses
Impact System – UP Jarring –
Cocking the Jar
Lower drill pipe
to cock jar

• Drill String is lowered

• Piston moves down into
the detent cylinder H
HWDP – the
– Jar is cocked hammer weight
W
D
P

Detent system –
piston moves down
and jar cocks

Stuck Point
Impact System – UP Jarring – Pulling Up
U OP force stretches the
drill pipe it acts as a
P spring – stores
• Drill string is picked up with an energy
applied force FAPP F
• The applied force first overcomes O
the string weight (SW) and the drag R H
W
(friction due to motion) C D HWDP – the
E P hammer weight
• The force exceeding the SW and the above the jar
Drag the Over Pull (OP) then
stretches the drill pipe
OP = FAPP - SW - Drag Detent system restricts
up movement as
J piston moves through
• The over-pull energy is stored in the
A detent cycle
drill pipe as stretch
R

Stuck Point
Impact System – UP Jarring –
Free Travel – Jar Fires
U Drill Pipe
contracts
• Piston moves pass restriction P
in detent chamber. Fluid by passes
F
metering ring O
• Drill Pipe contracts at a recoil R H
W
C
velocity VC E
D
P
HWDP – the
hammer weight
• Piston and hammer weight above the and the piston
free travel
jar goes into free travel moving with
the same velocity VC
VC = FO VA / AC E
VC = free contraction speed of collar
FO = over pull
VA = acoustic velocity of steel
AC = cross-section of collar
E = constant for modulus of elasticity of steel Stuck Point
Impact System – UP Jarring – Free Travel
F
• Free travel of the piston and hammer r
weight results in stress waves being e
propagated up along the HWDP e
Waves moving
• The stress waves increase the initial T up along the
velocity through incremental steps to r hammer weight
a final velocity VNEW a
v
VNEW = VC + λ VC e
l
• “λ” is the reflection co-efficient where Detent system
restricts up
λ=(α-1) / (α+1) and α equals to the movement as piston
cross-sectional area of the collars moves through
detent cycle
to the cross-sectional area of the
drill pipe

Stuck Point
Impact System – UP Jarring – Free Travel
Drill pipe stretches
acts as a spring –
stores energy
• The waves moves along the hammer
weight and is reflected at the hammer
weight / drill pipe interface
• Repeat reflections can occur before the
piston collides with the anvil
HWDP – the
hammer weight
• Each reflection increases the velocity
by λ VC
• The final velocity attained VN depends
on the number of reflections N Detent system
restricts up
N movement as piston
VN = VC (1+ 2 Σ λn ) moves through
detent cycle
n=1

Stuck Point
Impact System – UP Jarring – Collision
Drill pipe stretches
acts as a spring –
stores energy
• After free travel, the piston
collides with the anvil
• Shock waves are generated
equivalent to the final energy
HWDP – the
gained from moving the hammer weight
hammer weight at the
increased velocity VN
Detent system
restricts up
Amplified Energy movement as piston
= ½ MVN2 moves through
detent cycle

Stuck Point
Impact System – UP Jarring – Collision
Drill pipe stretches
acts as a spring –
stores energy
• Shock waves propagate
towards the stuck point
• Each wave releases a certain
amount of energy peaks which
HWDP – the
creates a tensile force that hammer weight
attempts to move the stuck
point up
Detent system
restricts up
movement as piston
moves through
detent cycle

Stuck Point
Impact System – Resulting Energy
700
• Impact – is 600 IMPACT
maximum peak 500
tensile force 400

Impact Jar Blow (X1000)

experienced at 300
the stuck point F 200

• Impulse – is the
O 100
0
tensile force R -100
experienced over C -200
a period of time E -300
at the stuck point IMPULSE

0 .02 .04 .06 .08 .10 .12 .14

mSec
TIME
Hydra- Jar AP Impact System

Drilling
Accelerator®
Tool Theory
Impact System – Accelerator Tool

The Drilling Accelerator tool

amplifies the final impact
and impulse energy
released by a jar
Impact System – Accelerator Tool – Design

• The Accelerator tool

consists of an outer
cylinder and an inner
mandrel connected by a
piston chamber
• When a force is applied to
the Accelerator tool the
silicon liquid is compressed
by the moving piston
• When the force is released
the silicon liquid expands
(like a spring) moving the
piston back to its original
position
Impact System – Accelerator-Theory
The increased energy delivered is the summation of the
energy stored in the Accelerator tool and the energy
stored in the drill pipe

∑ E system = constant (Conservation of Energy Law)

∆ E system = ∆ KE + ∆PE = 0

-∆ KE = ∆PE ACCEL + ∆ PE (PIPE STRETCH)

Impact System – Accelerator tool -
Amplification
4 3/4" Hydra-Jar AP Drilling Jar alone & with the 4 3/4"
80 A l t T l

• The tool

Normal Jar Load x

70

significantly 60

amplifies the 50

energy created 40
by the jar
30
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Impact Force x 1,000 lb
Based on a hammer mass of 3 x DC

6 1/2" Hydra-Jar Drilling Jar alone & with the 6 1/2"

170 A l t T l
Normal Jar Load x

150

130

110

90

70

50
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400
Impact Force x 1,000 lb
Based on a hammer mass of 3 x DC
Hydra-Jar AP Tool Impact System

Hydra-Jar AP
Tool
Impact System – Hydra-Jar AP - Features

• The Hydra-Jar AP tool is a fully hydraulic, double-acting

jarring tool
• Designed for easy handling on the rig floor and operates
as an integral component of any drill string
• Designed to ensure efficient load distribution transfer
and can withstand torque and axial loading associated
with typical drilling operations
• The tools two temperature-compensated hydraulic
detent mechanisms allow the tool to be fired up or down
• The hydraulic metering system is time-load sensitive
ensuring that the tool will fire once a force has been
applied to it
Hydra-Jar AP Features

• Hardbanding / Standoff subs

• Dimensions
• Straight push and pull
• Hydraulic jar up and down
• Pressure balanced
• Detent system design
• Temperature compensated
• Super seals
Features

• Hardbanding
– Applied to four areas
– Reduced OD wear

• Standoff subs - available

– Reduced risk of differential sticking
– Increase life
– Improved hole cleaning
– Reduced torque and drag

• Plastic coated ID
– All ID components plastic coated
– Greatly improves corrosion resistance
Hydra-Jar® AP Specifications

Example Common Sizes

Tool OD 3⅜ 4¾ 6½ 8 9½

Tool ID 1½ 2¼ 2¾ 3 3

Max
44,000 95,000 175,000 300,000 500,000
Detent
Up
7 8 8 8 8
Stroke
Down
7 7 7 7 8
Stroke
Detent Free Travel

Increased length
delivers more
energy
Free Travel Comparison

Free Travel
UP JARRING UP JARRING
IMPACT AT BIT X 1,000 LBS IMPULSE AT BIT X 1,000 lb.sec
4" TRAVEL 8" TRAVEL 4" TRAVEL 8" TRAVEL

400 303 320 340 15 12

292 11 11
10
300
194 10 7
164 6
200 131
144
5 5
5
100
0 0
26 37 53 70 26 37 53 70
OVERPULL AT JAR X 1,000 LBS OVERPULL AT JAR X 1,000 LBS
Impact System – Hydra-Jar AP - Features

Improved Drive System

• Single drive pin
• Tight tolerance Pins

• Improved torque
transmission
• Reduced impact due to Inner Mandrel

torsional load

Drive Cylinder
Impact System – Hydra-Jar AP - Features

Modified Wear Inserts and Rod Scraper

• New radial bearing surface
• New rod scraper

PEED/HNBR Wear Inserts

Rod Scraper
Assembly
Impact System – Hydra-Jar AP - Features

New Wiper Seals

• Integral debris receptacles ensuring debris passing
through the scrapers is trapped and isolated

Debris Receptacles

Wiper Seals
Pressure Balance

Neutralizer Pistons

Hydrostatic Pressure

Balanced Pressure
Pressure Balance

Balanced Pressure

Balance Piston
Hydrostatic Pressure
Pressure Balanced

• Improved profile

• Large radii extends fatigue life

• Reduced stress level

Detent System

• Improved detent cylinder

• Quicker release for more

impact speed

• Straight push / pull

• Hydraulic up and down

• Temperature compensated
Temperature Compensation
Detent Ring
100° F 500° F
Hole in Ring

Steel Pin
Super Seals

Bevel

Shaft To
Gland Pressure
Clearance Surface

SNE (Peek) SSR Major Seal

Hydra-Jar AP Impact System

Drilling
Accelerator
Impact System – Accelerator – Benefits
Kelly mandrel

Drive section
• The Accelerator tool enhances the
performance of the drilling jar by
storing and releasing the strain or Fluid cylinder

compressive energy, of the applied

force, closer to the drilling jar
allowing a more efficient transfer Upper compression
cylinder
of energy
• Able to amplify the drilling jar’s
impact and impulse forces when
jarring up or down Connector sub

• Creates a hydraulic disconnect in

the drill string assisting with Lower compression
cylinder
stopping the vibrations in the drill
string
Lower sub
Impact System – Accelerator – Features
Kelly mandrel

• Designed be used in oil, water, or Drive section

synthetic based drilling fluids

• Able to withstand bottom hole Fluid cylinder
temperatures up to 500° F (260° C)
• Able to withstand bending and torsional
forces associated with normal drilling Upper compression
cylinder
practices
• Similar length, outer diameter and slip
setting area that makes it easy to
handle and store on the rig floor Connector sub

• Large full thru bore allows minimal

pressure drop across the tool and
Lower compression
allows wireline tools to pass through if cylinder
required

Lower sub
Impact System – Accelerator - Theory

Reduced Cross-Sectional Area Reduced

CS area
A
• More efficient reflector point – C
increases the reflection of
incident stress waves therefore
C
increasing the velocity of the
movement of the mass above Stress Waves
the jar moving from
J
jar to CS
• Effectively stops harmful change
A
vibrations from moving up R
towards the drill floor
DACCH Accelerator® Tool

Shock Waves
Accelerator® tool increases efficiency of the impact,
providing a closed loop for the shock waves. This
concentrates the energy towards the stuck point.
Hydra-Jar AP Impact System

Jar Pact
Jar-Pact Impact and Placement
Analysis System
Jar-Pact Impact and Placement and Analysis
System Software program is a:
• Computer formulation based on
Stress Waves in Solids adapted
to Jars by Skeem (1979), “Drill
String Dynamics during Jar
Operations”
• Proprietary software for internal
distribution only and is run by
Smith Services' personnel
• Analysis tool, not a placement
tool
Impact System – Jar Pact - Benefits

• Calculates the greatest impact

and impulse forces at
different loads
• Determines if the drilling jar is
in compression or in tension
• Calculates the neutral point of
the drill string
• Determines if the drilling jar is
too close to the neutral point
• Determines the recommended
drilling hours for each drilling
application
Impact System – Jar Pact - Benefits
• Allows easy comparison of the
drilling jar in different positions
• Allows easy addition of an
Accelerator tool or a second
drilling jar in the drill string to
determine the benefits
• Determines if the drilling jar being
used is correctly suited to the
diameter
• Accurately calculates total weight
below the drilling jar accounting
for well bore inclination
• Provides an illustration showing
the components in the bottom
hole assembly
Hydra-Jar AP Impact System

Best Practices
Impact System – Best Practices
When the impact system tools are placed in a BHA
the following questions need to be asked:
1. What mechanism is most likely to result in the drill string becoming
stuck?
2. Is the drilling jar to be run in “tension” or “compression”?
3. Where is the neutral point in relation to the drilling jar when drilling?
4. How does pump pressure affect the jarring action?
5. Are the BHA design and the drilling parameters within the
specifications of the drilling jar and Accelerator tool design
constraints?
6. Is the well-bore interval of concern vertical, deviated, or horizontal?
7. Are the drilling conditions down-hole hostile (high solids in mud,
presence of H2S)?
Impact System – Best Practices –
Impact or Impulse

• The drilling jar can be

placed to optimize the
energy released at the
stuck point as either
• Impact energy –
mechanically stuck” due
to well bore geometry or
packing off
• Impulse energy - drill pipe
has become “differentially
stuck
Impact System – Neutral Point

• The neutral point is the point at Rule of thumb

which the drill string moves
from a state of compression to
a state of tension while drilling
• Placing the drilling jar too close
to the neutral point will result in
the drilling jar continuously • Keep 20% of
cycling between compression bit weight
and tension
between the
• This could accelerate fatigue drilling jar and
damage, decrease operational
life, and may cause the drilling the neutral
jar to unexpectedly fire point
Impact System – Tension / Compression
Hydra-Jar AP in Tension
• Neutral point below the drilling jar
• Drilling jar remains “open” and
cocked for down jarring while drilling
• No risk of premature firing of drilling • Drilling jar may fire prematurely if
jar when picking up off bottom
• Pump Open Force will help extend
the drilling jar open while drilling,
and does not affect the WOB
• Used in low angle wellbores where
the bottomhole assembly below the
optimal drilling jar placement
provides sufficient weight to drill
Hydra-Jar AP in Compression
• Neutral point above the drilling jar
• Drilling jar remains “closed” and
cocked for up jarring while drilling
drillstring picked up off bottom too
quickly
• Drilling jar needs to be slowly
opened before tripping out the hole
to prevent accidental firing
• Unavoidable in highly deviated
wellbores where the bottomhole
assembly below the optimal drilling
jar placement provides in-sufficient
weight on bit to drill
Impact System – Hydra-Jar AP – L
Pump Open Force

• The jar is subjected to a

pump open force that
acts on the cross-
sectional area of the
P1
lower mandrel

POF (lbs) = Area (in2) X Diff. Pressure (psi)

P2

L
Impact System – Hydra-Jar AP –
Pump Open Force

Extension force due to pump open force

HYDRA JAR -PUMP OPEN FORCE CHART

70
Hydra-Jar Extension Force x

60
50 4.25" Jar
1000 lbs

40 4.75" Jar
30 6.25 - 6.75" Jar
7.75 - 8" Jar
20
10
0
0 2000 4000 6000
Differential Pressure - Inside Jar
to Outside Jar
Impact System – Bottom Hole
Assembly Design

The following are some general guidelines:

• Always place the drilling jar in the transition pipe
(HWDP or DC), that is located between the BHA and
drill pipe
• The drilling jar should be located a minimum of 90
feet away from the top stabilizer in the BHA
• The drilling jar should never be run as a crossover
between the drill collars and the HWDP or between
the drill collars of different outside diameters (OD)
• Run the same size drill collars or heavy weight drill
pipe at least 90 feet above and directly below the
drilling jar
Impact System – Bottom Hole
Assembly Design

The following are some general guidelines:

• A minimum of three joints of DC or the equivalent weight
of HWDP should be used above the drilling jar at all times
• The largest outer diameter of drill collars and or HWDP
above the drilling jar should be equal to, or slightly
smaller than, the outer diameter of the drilling jar
• Never run a stabilizer or reamer above the drilling jar
• The number of drill collars used to design a BHA should
not exceed the amount of bit weight required plus a
safety factor
• The OD of the drilling jar and the Accelerator tool should
be similar to the OD of the bottom hole assembly
Impact System – Down Hole Environment
Factor Accelerating Fatigue in BHA
• High dogleg severity
• Corrosion from oxygen, hydrogen
sulphide, carbon dioxide, and chlorides
• Unstabilized drill collars in compression
• Excessive drill collars in tension
• Placing drilling jar between HWDP or drill
collars of a larger OD and stiffness
• Over torquing or undertorquing the
connections
• Incorrect hole size versus tool size
• Neutral point not located in drill collars
or HWDP
Preventative Action
• Limit maximum dogleg severity in accordance
to the recommendations of Smith Services
representative
• Maintain sufficient levels of corrosion
inhibitors and oxygen scavengers in the
drilling fluid
• Use stabilizers and or reamers to
reduce effect of lateral vibration
• Use minimum number of drill collars to
provide WOB plus a 20% safety factor
• Always use transition pipe (HWDP) between
the BHA and the drill pipe to reduce excessive
bending forces
• Always apply correct make-up torque
• Use recommendations of Smith Services
representative
• Change design of BHA or expected WOB
while drilling
Hydra-Jar AP Impact System

Operations
Jar Operation

• Safety clamp

• Establish the load

• Cock the jar

• Fire the jar

• Re-cock the jar

• Change out schedule

Operations – Picking Up the Jar

Safety Clamp

Lift Sub Tool Joint Pin

Protector

Always pick up jar with

Safety Clamp in place
Figure 1.0
Operations – Making Up in the Rig Floor

Safety Clamp
Break off
lift sub

Figure 2.0 Figure 3.0

Operations – Running into Hole
Making up Remove Safety Replace Safety
Clamp before Clamp when
to tubulars going into hole
coming out of hole

Figure 4.0 Figure 5.0 Figure 6.0

Firing the Jar

1. Determine what load to fire the

jar at – this should be less
than the maximum detent
250
working load of the jar

2. Determine the string weight

and the hole drag SW + Hole Drag
= 250 K lbs
3. Adding these forces would
equal to the applied up force
required
Operations – Firing the Jar UP

1. Cock the jar – by

lowering the drill string
2. Apply the calculated
applied force
3. Hold the tension in the
drill string
4. Wait for jar to fire
Operations – Firing the Jar down

1. Determine slack-off load

2. Cock the jar – by raising
the drill string
2. Slack the weight off to
the determined amount
3. Hold the compression
in the drill string
4. Wait for jar to fire
Hydra-Jar AP Impact System

Options
Hydra-Jar AP Safety-Lok

• Mechanical latch
– Jar in neutral position
– Overcome
– Hydraulic detent
• Stop jar from firing prematurely
• Not a “Cure All”
Hydra-Jar AP Latch

• Jar-Pact Impact and Placement Analysis System

must be run
• 30% of latch setting
– Down latch set @ 40,000 lbs
– Compression weight <12,000

• Attention to the weight and drag below the jar is a

must!
– Weight and drag below the tool equal to or greater
than latch setting will unlock jar
Hydra-Jar AP Impact System

Service
Maintenance

• Incoming test
• Disassembled
• Cleaned
• Wet mag-particle
inspection
• Assembled
• Hydro-test seals
• Simulated downhole test
• Data acquisition
Data Acquisition
Input Interface
Data Acquisition - Timer
Data Acquisition - Timer
Data Acquisition – Non-Standard
Data Acquisition – Report
Data Acquisition – Output Graph
Data Acquisition – Schematic
Hydra-Jar AP Impact System

Frequently
Asked Questions
Frequently asked Questions

Q 1. Why is the Jar not firing?

Drill String is stuck above the jar

applied on surface not sufficient to overcome
drag
OP = FAPP – SW – DRAG

Jar not cocked –

Pump Open Force restricting jar from cocking to
allow firing up, need to reduce pump rate
Frequently asked Questions
Q 1. Why is the Jar not firing?
Not waiting long enough
Frequently asked Questions

Q 2. Can the jar fire when tripping out?

Yes. If the jar is closed, it will tend to open and fire.

The level of impact will depend on how quickly
the jar is moved up. Move the jar up very
slowly allowing it to fall open.

Do not slack off more than 6" before setting

the slips
Frequently asked Questions
Q 3. Grease leak and oil leaks?

Hydraulic fluid coming

out of the tool.
Mud or grease
Change out tool. coming out of
tool.
Okay.
Frequently asked Questions

Q 5. Jar fires prematurely?

When cocking the jar, hold for a couple of

seconds longer – this allows the detent ring to
move deeper into the restricted area of the
cylinder.
Thank You