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  • History of Philosophy

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    Frances Bautista
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    The document outlines the history of philosophy from early Greek philosophers like Pythagoras and Thales of Miletus, who first explained the world without mythology, to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. It then discusses philosophers through late antiquity and the middle ages like Saint Augustine and Saint Thomas Aquinas. Later philosophers discussed include Ibn al-Nafis, René Descartes, who proposed "I think therefore I am", and Baruch Spinoza, who opposed Descartes' mind-body dualism.

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    The document outlines the history of philosophy from early Greek philosophers like Pythagoras and Thales of Miletus, who first explained the world without mythology, to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. It then discusses philosophers through late antiquity and the middle ages like Saint Augustine and Saint Thomas Aquinas. Later philosophers discussed include Ibn al-Nafis, René Descartes, who proposed "I think therefore I am", and Baruch Spinoza, who opposed Descartes' mind-body dualism.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    24 views2 pages

    History of Philosophy

    Uploaded by

    Frances Bautista
    The document outlines the history of philosophy from early Greek philosophers like Pythagoras and Thales of Miletus, who first explained the world without mythology, to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. It then discusses philosophers through late antiquity and the middle ages like Saint Augustine and Saint Thomas Aquinas. Later philosophers discussed include Ibn al-Nafis, René Descartes, who proposed "I think therefore I am", and Baruch Spinoza, who opposed Descartes' mind-body dualism.

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    HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

    • PYTHAGORAS
    • IONIAN GREEK PHILOSOPHER
    • FIRST PERSON TO NAME HIMSELF A PHILOSOPHER OR LOVER OF WISDOM
    • KNOWN FOR HIS PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM IN GEOMETRY
    • THALES OF MILETUS
    • FIRST PERSON TO EXPLAIN THE WORLD AND UNIVERSE OUTSIDE MYTHOLOGICAL CONCEPTS
    • HE EXPLAINED THAT THE WORLD WAS MADE UP OF “WATER”
    • TEACHER OF PYTHAGORAS

    • HERACLITUS
    • HE BELIEVED THAT THE WORLD ORIGINATED FROM THE FIRE ELEMENT

    • SOCRATES
    • FIRST MORAL PHILOSOPHER
    • KNOWN FOR HIS SOCRATIC METHOD (ELENCHUS)
    • TEACHER OF PLATO
    • “STRESSES THAT MAN MUST TAKE GOOD CARE OF ITS SOUL” • “ALL HUMAN BEINGS DESIRE
    THE GOOD”
    • PLATO
    • STUDENT OF SOCRATES AND TEACHER OF ARISTOTLE
    • FOUNDER OF THE ACADEMY OF ATHENS
    • “THE SOUL IS IMMORTAL, EVEN THE PHYSICAL CEASED TO EXIST”
    • EXISTENCE OF ABSTRACT OBJECTS
    • “VIRTUE IS KNOWLEDGE”
    • THE SOUL IS THE PRINCIPLE WHICH EXPLAINS ALL LIFE

    • ARISTOTLE
    • STUDENT OF PLATO AND TEACHER OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT
    • ON HIS TREATISE, PERI PSYCHE, THE SOUL IS DIVIDED INTO THREE TYPES AND
    EACH ACCORDING TO EACH LIVING BEING

    • SAINT AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO


    • BISHOP OF HIPPUS REGION OF NORTH AFRICA
    • COMBINED CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE WITH PLATONIC IDEOLOGY
    • BELIEVED THAT EVERYTHING IS CONNECTED WITH GOD

    • SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS


    • “BELIEVED THAT TRUTH IS TO BE ACCEPTED NO MATTER WHERE IT IS FOUND”
    • FOLLOWED ARISTOTELIAN PHILOSOPHY
    • REAFFIRMED THE THREE TYPES OF SOUL (FIRST WRITTEN BY ARISTOTLE)

    • IBN AL-NAFIS
    • FIRST TO DESCRIBE THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
    • BELIEVED THAT THE SOUL IS FOUND THROUGHOUT THE ENTIRETY OF THE BODY, NOT
    • JUST ONE OF ITS ORGANS

    • RENE DESCARTES
    • FATHER OF MODERN WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
    • FATHER OF ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY
    • COGITO ERGO SUM (“I THINK THEREFORE I AM”)
    • BELIEVED THAT THE MIND AND BODY IS DISTINCT BUT CLOSELY JOINED

    • BARUCH SPINOZA
    • ONE OF THE PIONEERS OF THE DUTCH GOLDEN AGE
    • OPPOSED DESCARTES’ MIND-BODY DUALISM
    • SUBSTANCE VS. ACCIDENCE
    • NO ONE IS INTRINSICALLY GOOD OR EVIL

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