Dr. Abhijit R.

Asati
abhijit_asati@bits-pilani.ac.in
The Common-Gate Amplifier:
 1
Rin 
gm
 Overall voltage gain is :
vo vo vi
 
vsig vi vsig
1
gm vsig
vi  vsig 
1
 Rsig 1  g m Rsig
vo  id ( RD || RL )
gm
 vi vi

1
id  ii    g m vi
1 vsig 1  g m Rsig
gm
 vo  g m vi ( RD || RL ) vo
 g m ( RD || RL )
1
vo vsig 1  g m Rsig
 g m ( RD || RL )
vi
vo Rout  RD
 Avo   g m RD
vi
Common Gate Amplifier:

Input-Output Characteristic

Vin  Vb  Vt
Vout  VDD  I D1 RD
 Vout  VDD
1 W
Vout  VDD   nCOX 1 (VGS 1  Vt ) 2 RD
2 L1
1 W & For , Vin  0
Vout  VDD   nCOX 1 (Vb  Vin  Vt ) 2 RD
2 L1 1 W1
Vout  VDD   nCOX (Vb  Vt ) 2 RD
2 L1
 Vout  Vb  Vt
Vout  Vin  VOV

Maximum output signal swing=VDD

Minimum output signal swing= (Vb-Vt)=Vin+Vov
Common Gate Amplifier:

Vout ( g m  g mb )ro  1
  RD
Vin ro  ( g m  g mb )ro RS  RS  RD
Alternate approach:
I out 1  ( g m  g mb )ro
Gm  
Vin ro  RS  ( g m  g mb ) RS ro

Rout  {ro  RS  ( g m  g mb )ro RS } || RD

Input resistance of a common gate structure:

VX RD  ro
    (1)
I X 1  ro ( g m  g mb )
if ro   :
VX 1

I X ( g m  g mb )
 VX RD  ro
Rin  
I X 1  ro ( g m  g mb )

VX ro 2  ro1
Rin  
I X 1  ro1 ( g m1  g mb1 )

1  ( g m1  g mb1 )ro1
Gm 
ro1  RS  ( g m1  g mb1 ) RS ro1
( g m1  g mb1 )
Gm 
1  ( g m1  g mb1 ) RS

Rout  {ro1  RS  ( g m1  g mb1 )ro1RS } || ro 2

The Common-Drain or Source Follower Amplifier:
The Common-Drain or Source Follower Amplifier: (contd….)
( ro || RL )
vo  vi
1
( ro || RL ) 
gm
vo ( ro || RL )
 
vi 1
( ro || RL ) 
gm
open circuit voltage gain :
ro 1
Avo   (if , ro  )
1 gm
ro 
gm
 Avo  1

Rin  RG
 vo (ro || RL )
Av  
vi 1
(ro || RL ) 
gm

vo vo vi

vsig vi vsig
vi RG

vsig RG  Rsig

vo (ro || RL )  RG 
  
 RG  Rsig 
vsig 1 
(ro || RL )  
gm
Source Follower:

Input-Output Characteristic:

1 W
Vout   nCOX 1 (VGS 1  Vt ) 2 RS
2 L1
1 W1
Vout   nCOX (Vin  Vout  Vt ) 2 RS
2 L1
Maximum output signal swing=VDD-Vov(M1)
Minimum output signal swing= 0V

Vin (max)  Vout(max)  VGS ( M 1)

Vin (max)  (VDD  Vt )

Vin(min)  Vt  VOV ,M 1
Finding gain directly:

since , Vbs  0  Vout  Vout

& V1  Vin  Vout

1
( || ro1 || RS )
g mb1
Av 
1 1
( || ro1 || RS )
g m1 g mb1
Alternate approach:
Gm  g m1

1 1
Rup  (ro1 || || )
g m1 g mb1
Rdown  RS

1
Rout  || RS
g m1  g mb1 (small)

Av  Gm Rout
Source Follower with Current Source Load

since, Vbs1  Vout &V1  Vin  Vout

 1 
 || ro1 || ro 2 || RL 
Av   g mb1 
 1  1
 || ro1 || ro 2 || RL  
 g mb1  g m1
Level shift down: Level shift Up:
 Av  Av1  Av 2

Consider second stage loading as

the Rin2 is finite
CGA

VX ro 4  ro 3
Rin  
I X 1  ro 3 ( g m3  g mb 3 )
1
Rup  || Rin , Rdown  ro 2
g m1  g mb1
Rout1  Rup || Rdown
CGA
CDA
 No Body Effect With Body Effect

Prob. 3.27 Razavi