LESSON 1 AND 2: CONIC

SECTIONS AND THE CIRCLE

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to:
• illustrate the different types of conic sections: parabola, ellipse,
circle, hyperbola, and degenerate conics
• define a circle; determine the standard form of equation of a circle
 What are Conic Sections?
Why do we study Conic Sections?
HISTORY

1) Menaechmus - first to discover.

2) Appollonius of Perga (The Great Geometer)

- Father of Conic Section; eight books
DOUBLE-NAPPED CONE
DOUBLE-NAPPED CONE
a. Vertex - point of rotation
c. Generator - line that generates
the two cones
d. Upper-Nappe and Lower-
Nappe – lateral surfaces of the
cones
e. Axis – line passing through the
vertex and is perpendicular to the
bases
DOUBLE-NAPPED CONE
e. Directrix - Perimeter of the Base
f. Plane – 2-dimensional object(xy-Plane)
g. Vertex angle (a- alpha) - angle formed
between the axis and generator
h. B(beta) – angle formed between the axis
and the plane.
DEFINITION OF CONIC SECTIONS
Conic Sections( or Conics) are two-dimensional curves
formed when a plane intersects the double-napped cone.
IMPORTANCE OF CONIC SECTIONS
1. Basic Idea of Projections.
IMPORTANCE OF CONIC SECTIONS
2. Nature has a great crush with conics! (>.<)

Elliptical Orbits
IMPORTANCE OF CONIC SECTIONS

Trajectories(Parabola)
IMPORTANCE OF CONIC SECTIONS

Hyperbolic Motion(Special Relativity)

TYPES OF CONIC SECTIONS
TYPES OF CONIC SECTIONS
Simulation Tool :
https://www.geogebra.org/m/GmTngth7#material/T8TV2JqG
TYPES OF CONIC SECTIONS
1. CIRCLE - forms when the angle of the plane with the axis is 90
degrees. (B = 90°)
2. PARABOLA – forms when the vertex angle is equal to the angle of
the plane with the axis. (a = B)
3. ELLIPSE - forms when the vertex angle is less than the angle of the
plane with the axis. (a < B)
3. HYPERBOLA - forms when the vertex angle is greater than the angle
of the plane with the axis. (a > B)
DEGENERATE CONICS
Degenerate Conics form
when the plane intersects the
cone at the vertex.
1) IS A POINT A CIRCLE?
2) IS A LINE A PARABOLA?
3) ARE INTERSECTING LINE
HYPERBOLAS?
THE CIRCLE
DEFINITION OF A CIRCLE
1) DOUBLE-NAPPE CONE DEFINITION
A Circle forms when the angle of the plane with the axis is 90 degrees. (B =
90°)

2) LOCUS DEFINITION
The circle is defined as the set of all points equidistant from a fixed
point(center) where the distance of the sets of points from the center is
called the radius.
DEFINITION OF A CIRCLE

Where is the circle?

Circle, Interior of the Circle and the Exterior of the Circle

PARTS OF THE CIRCLE
1) CENTER – fixed point in the circle
2) RADIUS – segment from the center to a point in
the circle
3) CHORD – segment whose endpoints are in the
circle
4) DIAMETER – twice the radius; a chord that
passes through the center
5) CIRCUMFERENCE – total distance of the circle
6) ARC – curve portion of the circle
7) SEMI-CIRCLE – arc which is half of the circle
8) SECTOR – A region within the circle bounded by
two radii.
STANDARD EQUATION OF THE CIRCLE
STANDARD EQUATION OF THE CIRCLE
2 2 2
𝑥−ℎ + 𝑦−𝑘 =𝑟
Where:
(h,k) = center of the circle
r = radius if the circle
EXAMPLE NO. 1
Find the standard equation of the circle with a center
of (2,1) and a radius of 3.

Answer : 𝑥 − 2 2 + 𝑦 − 1 2 = 9
EXAMPLE NO. 2
Find the standard equation of the circle with a center
of (1,-1) and a diameter of 10.

2 2
Answer : 𝑥−1 + 𝑦+1 = 25
EXAMPLE NO. 3
2 2
𝑥 +𝑦 =9

Find the center and radius. Graph the equation.

Answer: Center: (0,0) and Radius = 3

EXAMPLE NO. 4
2 2
(𝑥 − 2) +(𝑦 + 3) = 8

Find the center and radius. Graph the equation.

What is the circumference?
Answer: Center: (2,-3) and Radius = 2√2 or 2.83
Circumference = 𝟐𝝅𝒓 = 𝟐𝝅 𝟐 𝟐 ≈ 𝟏𝟕. 𝟕𝟖
EXAMPLE NO. 5
2 2
(𝑥 − 1) +(𝑦 − 1) = 0

Find the center and radius. Graph the equation.

ANSWER : CENTER: ( 1,1) and Radius = 0
TYPES OF CIRCLE
1) Real Circle: radius exists. ( r > 0)

2) Point Circle / Point : radius is zero. (r = 0)

3) Imaginary Circle: radius does not exist. (r < 0)

END OF LESSON 1 AND LESSON 2