DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING

ASSIGNMENT

Course Code : Tex-3013

Course Title : Fabric Manufacturing Technology-||

Topic Name: Recent Advancement of Modern Looms

Submitted To : Mumtahina Riza

(Leacturer, DTE, SEU)

Submitted By :
Name : Maher Afrose
ID : 2018000400081
Batch : 37
Sec :2
Submission Date : 31/05/2020
Introduction:

Modern loom means Shuttle less loom. Its development during the 20th century. Several types
of modern loom have Come for industrial use.Modern looms still weave by repeating in
sequence the operations of shedding, picking, and beating in, but within that framework there
has been considerable development during the 20th century. Several new types of loom have
come into industrial use, whereas older types have been refined and their scope extended.

Classification of Modern Loom :

 Rapier
 Air jet
 Projectile
 Multiphase
 Water jet

Common features in all modern loom

Several essential features found common with all shuttleless machines are listed below:

 Higher speed and wider width. Electronic take-up and let-off . Quick style change, low noice
and vibration

 Shedding systems -- cam, dobby and jacquard (mechanical and electronic).

 Electronic monitoring of weft yarn flight.

 Electronic warp stop motion and Automatic pick finding.etc.

Recent advancement of Rapier loom

Rapier loom is a shuttle less weaving loom in which the filling yarn is carried through the shed
of warp yarns to the other side of the loom by finger like carriers called rapier.

Figure: Rapier loom

Advancement in Filling Insertion

In the area of filling insertion there are a lot of developmentsand implementation has been
done since few years.These are discussed following:

Versatility in Colour Insertion by Electronic Insertion. The weft color selectors of today’s rapier
weaving machine are microprocessor controlled, compact sized ones and can be available in 16,
12, 8, 4 or 2 colors. Picanol developed the Quick Step filling presenter, operates with
independent module, each consisting of an electronically controlled stepper motor with
presenter needle. The color and weave pattern are microprocessor or jacquard controlled.
After the left gripper has taken the presented yarns, the Quick Step needle returns to an
intermediary position, so the course of the filling yarn is straight and the tension of the yarn is
low and remains constant. Advantages of the system are;

● It is monitored by weaving machine microprocessor sotiming for presenting for filling yarn is
perfectly synchronized with machine speed and weave pattern.

● The course of filling yarn is low and remains constant.

● The filling presenter also provides ideal position for re threading.

Picking Speed

In jacquard weaving upto 12 weft colors give a wide variety of patterning option. The G6500
offers a machine speed of upto 700 rpm and a maximum weft insertion rate of 1620
m/min[6,8].
Secure Filling Transfer

During centre transfer from the left-hand to the right-handrapier, the filling is positively
controlled and thus securely transferred. The filling is released after the rapier has exited the
shed in the open shed position and under absolutely control conditions. In Dornier rapier
weaving machine, the highest peak yarn tension is extremely low due to the low rapier speed
and positive control. Soft thread clamps with hard metal inserts and precision controlled
transfer enable even coarse filament yarns of 2200 dtex with 450 filaments to be securely
clamped and inserted[6,7].

Figure :.Secure filling transfer

Advancement in Shedding Mechanism

There are several development has been taking place in the recent time in the rapier loom like;

Versatility

Today rapier weaving machine can be equipped with a tappet motion with upto 10 healds;
positive cams, maximum 8 harness frames, 12 mm pitch; electronic rotary dobby for 12,20 or
24 frames, 12 mm pitch; or an electronically controlled jacquard machine having upto 20,000
hooks.

Controllable Shed Geometry

Modern rapier weaving machine offers shed opening free from setting and optimization of the
shed geometry. The shed opening is easily adjusted to suit the style in production.

Advancement in Let-off Mechanism

The electronic motor driven let-off supplies the loom with necessary wrap yarn, maintaining the
yarn tension constant from full beam to empty beam. Let-off speed is automatically calculated
in context with loom speed, weft density, wrap beam diameter & close loop tension control.
Accurate synchronization with main motor in forward & reverse direction in addition with
remarkable latest features supports to minimize the beginning & ending marks thus, enhancing
the grade & quality of the fabric. Besides this, it enables cramming/density design possible.The
let-off & take up is synchronized rigidly with main motor in forward as well as reverse direction.

Figure: Synchronized Electronic Let-off and Take-up mechanism

The great advantages are:

● Cramming pick finding- forward & reverse.

● Controlled synchronized movement during start, stop & running

● It boost quality & efficiency of the product

● A great value addition to the weaving machine. Twin beam with differential drive.

● Twin beam with bilateral let- off and Double simple beam or double twin beam.

Advancement in Take-Up Mechanism

The take-up motion is also electronically controlled and synchronized with let-off motion. Inside
the machine the cloth is wound on to a 600 mm diameter cloth beam. External cloth beam on to
batching motion upto 1800 mm cloth roll diameter is also available. The required pick density
can be programmed on the microprocessor keyboard or the jacquard control unit

Quick Style Change

The quick style change system, developed by several rapier weaving machine manufacturers in
their own versions ensures quick style change (less than 30 min). With quick style change just
one person can carry out a style change in less than 30min machine downtime. This ultimately
reduces the labor requirement and thus increases the loom efficiency with the following benefits
and advantages:

● Reduce machine down time.

● Interference losses due to simultaneous stops are practically non-existent.

● Fewer personal required for warp and article changes in weave room.

Recent advancement of Air jet loom

Air jet: An air-jet loom is a shuttle less loom that uses a jet of air to propel the weft yarn
through the warp shed.It is one of two types of fluid-jet looms, the other being a water-jet
loom, which was developed previously.

Figure: Air jet loom

Advancement in air-jet weaving

The air-jet weaving machine continues to dominate as the machines of very high speeds. Today,
practically (in Indian condition) at 1200 rpm the machine works or wider machine can attain a
WIR of 2500 mpm (meter per minutes). The system had the disadvantage of higher energy
consumption due to the usage of compressed air in picking, which accounts for 60% of total
energy consumption. The machine makers claim a reduction in energy by about 10% (Sulzer,
Somet) in their latest models. The developments in picking related systems have helped in
expanding the horizon of weft material and count. The yarn colour selection up to 6 or 8
beyond which demand is very rare. That means, the major limitations of the system are being
attended and scope for applicability has been increasing.

Latest advancement

Modification in weft insertion system The multi nozzles are divided into two zones and
connected directly with separate tanks. The weft yarn requires higher pressure at later part of
its flight, and this separation has helped greatly in optimisation of pressure in duration of jet
opening. The weft insertion, based on a precise electronic control that includes ATC (Automatic
Timing Control), also uses newly developed nozzles, which guarantees optimum weft insertion
conditions. Independent pressure tanks make it possible to set weft insertion pressures at
optimal levels; this makes a significant contribution to energy conservation. All settings
regarding picking is done by microprocessor keyboard, which reduces machine down time.

Tandem Nozzles:

In tandem nozzles, the two main nozzles are arranged in series so called tandem nozzles.
Advantages:

 It reduces the nozzle pressure.

 Saving in energy.

 Also use of wider weft count range

.  Low pressure weft insertion to occur, making effective for super high-speed operation
accommodating yarns with low breaking strength.

Tapered Sub-Nozzles:
It consists of a tapered hole to prevent air dispersion. Advantages:

 It enables stable weft insertion with lower air volumes.

 It stabilizes air injection angles during weft insertion

.  The weft insertion is more stable and requires less air.

Tapered Tunnel Reed:

A tapered shape has also been applied to the tunnel selection of reed blade. Advantages:

1. It helps in preventing air dispersion.

2. The weft insertion is more stable and requires less air.

Automatic Pick Controller:

For smoother working, all machines have weft arrival time sensing and correction of pressure
atnozzles but when package is changed from empty to full package, the arrival time will be
delayed and this would be beyond the capacity of such a correction system. With APC
(Automatic Pick Controller), this problem is attended. It instantly corrects the main nozzle's air
pressure for timing control during full cheese changes. It automatically adjusts nozzle air-jet
pressure, which compensates for variations in the travel timing of weft yarn.

Recent advancement of Projectile Loom

Projectile loom: The projectile weaving machine made its appearance in the market at the
beginning of the 50’s and is today still used in the whole world. Thanks to its steady renovation
and to the use of advanced electronic systems as well as of microprocessors for the supervision
and the control of the various devices, this machine is characterized by a good productivity
level (450 rpm and 1050 m/min of inserted weft) and by high operational reliability

Figure: Projectile loom

Advancement in projectile

1.Colour selection:

• 1 X 1, 2, 4 and 6 colours can be used in weft direction.

• The system is freely programmable and operated by servo controller.

• No limitations on feeder position shifting.

2.Electronic weft braker:

• This device keeps a uniform tension on weft.

• The braking force and the braking duration are programmable.

• Programme can be given for each pick.

• The device is driven by stepper motor.

3. Pre-acceleration to weft yarn is given by compressed air, which relieves extra tension in weft
while inserting.

4. K3 Synthetic projectile can be used for weaving of delicate yarns.

5. The number of heald shafts operable by cam motion is extended to 14.

6. Speed has been increased up to 1400 mpm (470 rpm) due to improvement in many related
mechanisms.

Recent advancement of Multiphase loom

Multiphase loom: The Sulzer Ruti M8300 Multiphase weaving machine has introduced a new
concept to the principle of multiphase weaving. The phase-wise shed formation is along the
warp direction instead of weft direction and 4 weft yarns are inserted simultaneously.
 Figure: Multiphase loom

Advancement Features:

Shed Formation: The warp yarns pass over rotating weaving rotor and shed forming elements
select and lift warp yarn for shed formation. The curve shape of the elements, rotation of rotor
and movement of warp positioners help in selection and formation of shed by controlling the
motion of warp positioner. The weave selection is made possible.

Weft insertion: The channel in the shed forming elements guide in insertion of weft. The weft
is inserted by nozzles are similar to airjet weaving. Additional nozzles between shed forming
elements further support the weft. Four wefts are inserted at a time. The weft measuring,
clamping, cutting, sensing and controlling are similar to air-jet machines.

Beat-Up: The combs located behind shed forming element perform the function of
conventional reed. The lower shed, which rises after insertion of weft, lifts the weft out of
channel over the entire weaving width. The beat-up comb then catches the weft and beats up.
The modular design concept adopted has helped to change warp beam within 20 min. The warp
beams up to 1600 mm diameter can be used.

Conclusion

Many times in the past it was argued that projectile and rapier systems have attained
maximum speed limit. However, these machines continue to enhance the speed limit and are
not far behind air-jet machines. Most of the developments are in the area of attaining better
fabric quality, gentle treatment to warp and weft and reduced breakages. Another interesting
trend is in the type of selvedge formation and waste reduction. Weft waste has been reduced
to zero even in rapier and air-jet machines. The future trend in developments would, probably,
be in similar lines.