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Introduction To Ecg 422: Course Outcomes
Introduction To Ecg 422: Course Outcomes
This course deals with the work of surveying in Civil Engineering practices. Students will be
introduced to surveying equipment, surveying techniques and analysis.
Course outcomes
Total 100%
Plane Surveying
Where surveys cover such a small parts of the earth’s surface that the
curvature of the earth can be ignored, then the operations are termed
plane surveying.
Geodetic Surveying
Where measurements cover such a large part of the earth surface like
the whole country or continental, that the curvature of the earth
cannot be ignored, then the operation termed geodetic surveying.
GIS
Photogrammetry
Off-set survey
Traverse survey
Tacheometry survey
Triangulation
Trilateration
Air survey or photogrammetry
Theodolite survey
Compass survey
Chain survey
Tapes survey
GPS survey
Plane table survey
D
C
C
C
B C
θ
Sources of errors
i. Natural or nature eg. Temperature, air pressure,
humidity, winds
ii. Instrumental eg. Chain used is not standard whether
longer or shorter than the standard
iii. Personal or human being eg. Wrong reading 88 instead
of 58, wrong writing, wrong calculation
Shortgun
(Low Precision)
Rifle
(High Precision)
Ordinary Tape
Fiberglass Tape
Compass
Survey Chain
Automatic Level
Theodolite