PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIALS

Unit 4, Lesson 2, ex. 5

Unit 4, Lesson 7, ex. 3
Unit 5, Lesson 4, ex. 6
Unit 7, Lesson 4, ex. 4
Unit 9, Lesson 5, ex. 5

Unit 4, Lesson 2, ex. 5

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The Girls’ Brigade
 international Christian youth organization
 1893 Dublin, Ireland
 60 countries
 help churches connect with children in their community
 conferences – every four years
 leadership courses for 14–21 year olds, camps or holidays, usually one per year,
youth festivals
 recent project “Arise” (Activities, Resources, Ideas, Support and Equipping) –
to attend activity days in churches – to meet up with other GB members – to support
children with their work and to train people to work with children
 sections: 4 to 8 years – Explorer; 8 to 11 years – Junior; 11 to 14 years – Senior; 14
to 18 years – Brigader

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The UNYSA-UK
 youth and student division of the United Nations Association – an orga-
nisation founded in 1945
 students (university, college and school) under 26 who support the work
and ideals of the UN
 40 branches across the UK
 national events and campaigns: regularly
 project: International Year of Youth 2010–2011
 aim: to build a better understanding of the UN and its work – greater participation
of young people in decision-making as a means of achieving peace and development

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The Army Cadet Force (ACF)
 British youth organization
 Nottingham, 1859: Volunteer units formed Cadet Companies and eight
public schools formed independent cadet units
 from military training to adventurous training and first aid
 achievement, discipline, and good citizenship, to boys and girls aged 12 to 18
 has connections with the training of the British Army
 leadership training
 regular meetings (usually two evenings a week), weekend camps and competitions
 motto: To Inspire To Achieve
 uniform

Unit 4, Lesson 7, ex. 3

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History
Scouting is one of the great success stories of the last 100 years. From an experimen-
tal camp for 20 boys on Brownsea Island in 1907, it has spread to 216 countries and ter-
ritories, with an estimated 28 million members.
Scouting began in 1907 when Robert Baden-Powell, Lieutenant General in the Bri-
tish Army, held the first Scouting camp at Brownsea Island in England. Baden-Powell
wrote the principles of Scouting in Scouting for Boys (London, 1908), based on his earl-
ier military books.
During the first half of the 20th century, the movement grew to encompass three ma-
jor age groups each for boys (Cub Scout, Boy Scout, Rover Scout) and, in 1910, a new
organization, Girl Guides, was created for girls.
The principles of Scouting describe a code of behaviour for all members, and charac-
terize the movement. The Scout method is designed to achieve the seven elements: law
and promise, learning by doing, team system, symbolic framework, personal progres-
sion, nature, and adult support.

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Activities
Scouts usually meet on one evening during the week, although they may also go to
camps and other days out throughout the year. Weekly meetings often take place in lo-
cal centres known as Scout dens. Love of the outdoors and outdoor activities is a key
element. Main activities include camping, woodcraft, hiking, backpacking, and sports.
Scouts of all ages work towards attaining results in their chosen activities, and are
awarded Scout Badges.
Camps take place a few times a year and may involve several groups from a local area
or region camping together for a weekend. The events usually have a theme, such as pio-
neering.
Jamborees are large national or international events held every four years, during
which thousands of Scouts camp together for one or two weeks. Activities at these
events will include games, scoutcraft competitions, badge, pin or patch trading, wood-
carving, archery and other activities depending on the theme of the event.

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Uniform
The Scout uniform is a widely recognized characteristic of Scouting.
In the words of Baden-Powell, it “hides all differences of social standing
in a country; but, more important still, it covers differences of country and
race, and makes all feel that they are members with one another of the one
great brotherhood”. The original uniform, still widely recognized, consisted
of a khaki button-up shirt, shorts, and a hat. Uniform shirts are now often blue, orange,
red or green and shorts are often replaced by long trousers all year or only in winter.
All Scout uniforms, recognized and worn the world over, have the Wood Badge and
the World Membership Badge. The uniform presents the first Aim of Scouting, that
of character development. If a boy wears the uniform, he supports the Scout Movement
principles and ideals and agrees to live by them.
Scouting has two internationally known symbols: the trefoil is used by members
of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) and the fleur-de-lis
used by most other Scouting organizations.
A fleur-de-lis positioned on a trefoil, in the original Scouting colours (green and yel-
low) chosen by Lord Baden-Powell.

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Motto
As we know Scouts across the world all greet each other with a left-handed hand-
shake and that it is a sign of trust and friendship.
Be Prepared. That’s the motto of the Boy Scouts.
“Be prepared for what?” someone once asked Baden-Powell, the founder of Scouting,
“Why, for any old thing,” said Baden-Powell.
The training you receive will help you live up to the Scout motto. For example be-
cause of lifesaving practice, you might be able to save a non-swimmer who has fallen
into deep water.
But Baden-Powell wasn’t thinking just of being ready for accidents. His idea was
that all Scouts should prepare themselves to become productive citizens and to give
happiness to other people.
He wanted each Scout to be ready in mind and body for any problems, and to meet
with a strong heart whatever might lie ahead.
Be prepared for life – to live happily, knowing that you have done your best. That’s
what the Scout motto means.

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Sections
The Scout Association provides everyday adventure and activity to almost 400,000
young people across the UK. The Movement is the largest youth organisation in the
world, with over 28 million Members in 216 countries and territories.
Scouting and Guiding movements are generally divided into sections by age. These
age divisions have changed over time as they depend on the local culture and environ-
ment.
Scouting was originally developed for youths between the ages of 11 and 17. In most
member organizations, this age group is called the Scout or Guide section. Programmes
were developed to meet the needs of young children (generally ages 6 to 10) – Cub sec-
tion for boy scouts and Brownie for Girl Guides; and young adults (originally 18 and
older, and later up to 25) – Rover Scout and Ranger Guide.
Cub Scouts try lots of different activities like swimming, music, exploring, compu-
ting and collecting. They also get to go on trips and days out, to places like the zoo,
theme parks or a farm.
For senior scout groups outdoor activities like hiking, orienteering, camping in ALL
weathers, hill walking, boating, pioneering are organized.

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Girl Guides
In 1909, Robert Baden-Powell, the founder of Scouting, decided that girls should not
be in the same organization as the boys, and the Girl Guides were founded in the UK in
1910. Two central themes have been present from the earliest days of the movement:
domestic skills and “a kind of practical feminism which embodies physical fitness, sur-
vival skills, camping, citizenship training, and career preparation”.
Today Girl Guides or Girl Scouts is a parallel movement to Scouting. In some places,
girls tried to join Scouting organisations and it was decided that single-gender organi-
sations were a better solution. In other places, girls groups were started, some of them
later to open up to boys or join the boys’ organisations. In other situations, mixed
groups were formed. In the same way, the name Girl Guide or Girl Scout has been used
by groups at different times and in different places, with some groups changing from
one to another. In the past, boys had to join the Boy Scouts or Cub Scouts but in recent
years Guides has been open for both boys and girls to join in some countries.

Scouting and guiding in Belarus (optional)

The development of Scouting in Belarus took place within the Russian Scout move-
ment, as part of the Russian empire. A Scout organization was founded in Kletsk, and
Scouts appeared in Nesvizh and other nearby villages. In 1929, American Methodists
helped found a Girl Scout organization in Vilna. By the end of the 1920s, Scout activities
ended with the formation of the Soviet Union and the communist pioneer organizations.
The democratic principles in the mid1980s made possible the creation of alternatives
to the pioneers. Close connections were formed with Guide and Scout organizations of
many European countries, when children from areas affected by the Chernobyl accident
were invited to summer camps abroad during the Chernobyl Children’s Project in 1990.

Unit 5, Lesson 4, ex. 6

Fashion Interior Web

Critic Fine Artist
Designer Designer Designer
Graphic Make-up
Curator Historian Sculptor
Designer Artist

Fashion Interior Web

Critic Fine Artist
Designer Designer Designer
Graphic Make-up
Curator Historian Sculptor
Designer Artist

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Unit 7, Lesson 4, ex. 4

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William Shakespeare (1564–1616)
William Shakespeare is generally agreed to be the greatest playwright in the English
language. He began as an actor and wrote at least 154 love poems and 37 plays, inclu-
ding Hamlet, King Lear, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. His plays have been trans-
lated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any
other playwright. Shakespeare is often called England’s national poet and the Bard
of Avon as he was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. He possessed a large voca-
bulary for his day, having used 29,066 different words in his plays. Today the average
English-speaking person uses something like 2,000 words in everyday speech. Shake-
speare also probably introduced more than 1,700 new words to the English Language.

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Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806–1859)
Isambard Kingdom Brunel was an extraordinary Victorian engineer, famed for his
bridges and dockyards, and especially for the construction of the first major British
railway, the Great Western Railway. He designed and built amongst other structures
ships, tunnels and viaducts. His designs revolutionised public transport and modern
engineering. Brunel’s first notable achievement was the part he played with his father
in planning the Thames Tunnel. During his short career, Brunel achieved many engi-
neering ‘firsts’, including building the first tunnel under a river and development
of SS Great Britain, the first propeller-driven ocean-going iron ship, which was at the
time also the largest ship ever built. In 2006, the 200 anniversary of Brunel’s birth,
a major programme of events celebrated his life and work in Britain.

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Charles Darwin (1809–1882)
Charles Darwin was a British naturalist of the nineteenth century. He developed the
theory of evolution. Darwin began forming his ideas when he served as official natura-
list on a world voyage and spent the rest of his life back in England developing them.
It took him 20 years to work out his theory. This theory forms the basis for the modern
life sciences. Darwin’s most famous books are The Origin of Species and The Descent
of Man.
When his famous book The Origin of Species was published in 1859 there were violent
reactions against it. At this time, most Europeans believed that the world was created
by God in seven days as described in the Bible. Darwin established that all species of life
had common ancestry.

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Card 4
Sir Winston Churchill (1874–1965)
Winston Churchill was a British politician known for his leadership of the United
Kingdom during the Second World War. He is widely regarded as one of the great war-
time leaders and the 20th century’s most famous and celebrated Prime Minister. He
served as prime minister twice (1940–45 and 1951–55) and remained an MP until
shortly before his death. A notable political leader and orator, Churchill was also an
officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist. To date, he is the only
British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and he was the
first person created an honourary citizen of the United States.
“What is our aim? I can answer in one word: Victory. Victory at all costs, victory
in spite of all terrors, victory, however long and hard the road may be.”

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Sir Isaac Newton (1643 –1727)
Isaac Newton was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philoso-
pher, and alchemist, and is considered by many scientists and members of the general
public to be one of the most influential people in human history. His Mathematical
Principles of Natural Philosophy, published in 1687, is one of the most important scien-
tific books ever written. It lays the groundwork for most of classical mechanics. Newton
developed theories which became classical or Newtonian Physics. We still use his equa-
tions to this day.
Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope and developed a theory of colour
and light. He was a difficult man, often depressed and involved in arguments with other
scientists, but by the early 1700s he was the dominant figure in British and European
science.

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Sir Charlie Chaplin (1889–1977)
Charlie Chaplin was an English comic actor and film director of the silent film era.
He became one of the greatest and widely loved film stars in the world before the end
of the First World War. From Easy Street to Modern Times, he made many of the fun-
niest and most popular films of his time. He was best known for his character, the naive
and lovable Little Tramp. He received a Special Award for the First Academy award
ceremony for The Circus. Forty-three years later, he received the longest standing
ovation at the Oscars for receiving an honourary film award.
Chaplin was one of the most creative and influential personalities of the silent-film
era. His working life in entertainment spanned over 75 years. Chaplin wrote or co-wrote
the music and songs for many of his films. Smile, which he composed for his film Modern
Times, hit number 2 on the UK charts. It was also Michael Jackson’s favourite song.

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John Lennon (1940–1980)
John Lennon was a musician and composer who was a member of the Beatles, the big-
gest rock band of the 1960s. He was the lead writer and singer for the Beatles, whose in-
fluence in rock is set in stone. Along with fellow Beatle Paul McCartney, he formed one
of the most successful songwriting partnerships of the 20th century. Not only are his
songs considered the best in rock ’n’ roll, his message of peace during the Vietnam War
resonated with millions. John Lennon was a person that cared for other people and ex-
pressed himself by making different political statements. His song Imagine has also be-
come an enormously influential song; it was voted ‘most popular song’ by the British pu-
blic. Lennon was shot dead by Mark David Chapman, a onetime Beatles fan angry and
jealous over John’s ongoing career. The death shocked the world, both musical and non-
musical.

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Captain James Cook (1728–1779)
James Cook was possibly the greatest explorer of the eighteenth century, known for
his voyages to the Pacific Ocean. Cook commanded three voyages of discovery for Great
Britain, and sailed around the world twice. He visited New Zealand, established the
first European colony in Australia, and was the first European to visit Hawaii. He also
came close to Antarctica and explored much of the western coast of North America.
James Cook had surveyed and charted thousands of kilometres of coast and had
solved many mysteries of the Pacific Ocean area. He traveled from his homeland
of Great Britain to lands where few had gone before; bringing home much for his
country. Cook was a discoverer, a mapmaker (cartographer), and a pioneer in the pro-
cess of long distance sea travel and navigation.

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Sir Alexander Fleming (1881–1955)
Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. He wrote many
articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. They have been published
in medical and scientific journals. His best-known discovery is the discovery of the
world’s first antibiotic, or bacteria killer ‘penicillin’ in 1928, for which he shared the
Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1945. This had changed the world of modern medicine by in-
troducing the age of useful antibiotics; penicillin has saved, and is still saving, millions
of people around the world. In 1999, Time Magazine named Fleming one of the 100 Most
Important People of the 20th Century.
Fleming served as President of the Society for General Microbiology, he was a Mem-
ber of the Pontifical Academy of Science and Honourary Member of almost all the medi-
cal and scientific societies of the world.

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Sir Robert Baden-Powell (1857–1941)
Sir Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, also known as B-P, was a lieute-
nant-general in the British Army, writer, and founder of the Scout Movement.
Baden-Powell served in the British Army from 1876 until 1910 in India and Africa.
Baden-Powell made paintings and drawings almost every day of his life. Most have a hu-
morous or informative character. He published books and other texts during his years
of military service both to finance his life and to educate his men. Several of his military
books, written for military training in his African years, were also read by boys. Based on
those earlier books, he wrote Scouting for Boys, published in 1908, for youth readership.
Scouting is one of the great success stories of the last 100 years. From an experimen-
tal camp for 20 boys, it has spread to 216 countries and territories, with an estimated
28 million members.

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Unit 9, Lesson 5, ex. 5

‘Evening, Mma,’ she said politely. ‘Is this seat taken?’

Mma Ramotswe looked up, as if surprised.
‘There is nobody there,’ she said. ‘It’s quite free.’
Nandira sat down.
‘I am looking forward to watching this film,’ she said pleasantly. ’I have wanted
to see it for a long time.’
‘Good,’ said Mma Ramotswe. ‘It is nice to see a film that you have always wanted to see.’
There was a silence. The girl was looking at her, and Mma Ramotswe felt quite uncom-
fortable.
‘I saw you this afternoon,’ said Nandira. ‘I saw you at Maru-a-Pula.’
‘Ah, yes,’ said Mma Ramotswe. ‘I was waiting for somebody.’
‘Then I saw you in the Book Centre,’ Nandira continued. ‘You were looking at a book.’
‘That’s right,’ said Mma Ramotswe. ‘I was thinking of buying a book.’
‘Then you asked Mma Bapitse about me,’ Nandira said quietly. ‘She told me you were
asking about me.’
Mma Ramotswe made a mental note to be careful of Mma Bapitse in the future.
‘So why are you following me?’ asked Nandira, turning in her seat to stare at Mma
Ramotswe.
Mma Ramotswe thought quickly. There was no point in denying it, and she might
as well try to make the most of a difficult situation. So she told Nandira about her fa-
ther’s anxieties and how he approached her.
‘He wants to find out whether you’re seeing boys,’ she said. ‘He’s worried about it.’
Nandira looked pleased.
‘Well, if he is worried, he’s only got himself to blame if I keep going out with boys.’
‘And are you?’ asked Mma Ramotswe. ‘Are you going out with lots of boys?’
Nandira said quietly, ‘Not really’.
‘But what about this Jack?’ asked Mma Ramotswe. ‘Who’s he?’
‘Jack doesn’t exist, I made him up. I want them – my family – to think that I’ve got
a boyfriend,’ she said. ‘I want them to think there’s somebody I chose, not somebody
they thought right for me. Do you understand that?’
Mma Ramotswe thought for a moment. She felt sorry for this poor over-protected
girl, and imagined just how in such circumstances one might want to pretend to have
a boyfriend.
‘Yes, I understand,’ she said.
‘Are you going to tell him?’ Nandira asked.
‘Well, do I have much choice?’ asked Mma Ramotswe. ‘I can hardly say that I’ve seen
you with a boy called Jack when he doesn’t really exist.’
Nandira sighed. ‘Well, I suppose I’ve asked for it. It’s been a silly game.’ She paused.
‘But once he realises that there’s nothing in it, do you think he might let me have a bit
more freedom? Do you think that he might let me live my life for a little without having
to tell him how I spend every single minute?’
‘I could try to persuade him,’ said Mma Ramotswe. ‘I don’t know whether he’ll listen
to me. But I could try.’
‘Please do,’ said Nandira. ‘Please try.’
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