USING RPA

MINI PROJECT REPORT

SUBMITTED BY

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SRI KRISHNA COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution)

(Approved by AICTE and Affliated to Anna University, Chennai)

ACCREDITED BY NAAC WITH “A” GRADE

APRIL 2018

1
 SRI KRISHNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution)

(Approved by AICTE and Affliated to Anna University,Chennai)

ACCREDITED BY NAAC WITH “A” GRADE

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report “ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT
-SYSTEM” is the bonafide work of AVINASH P (16EUEC019), BHARATH KB
(16EUEC021), GOKUL KUMAR P (16EUEC034), SHAN FAR BASHA J
(17EUEC525), who carried out the Project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Dr. S SOPHIA Ph.d., Mrs. NANTHINI M.E.
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SRI KRISHNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING SRI KRISHNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
AND TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
KUNIYAMUTHUR KUNIYAMUTHUR
COIMBATORE – 641008 COIMBATORE - 641008

This project report submitted for the Autonomous Project Viva-voce

examination held on____________

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INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ABSTRACT

Initially the GPS continuously takes input data from the satellite and stores the
latitude and longitude values in Arduino. If we have to track the vehicle, we need to send a
message to GSM device, by which it gets activated. It also gets activated by detecting
accident on the Vibration Sensor connected to vehicle. Parallely deactivates GPS with the
help of relay .Once GSM gets activated it takes the last received latitude and longitude
positions values from the arduino and sends a message to the particular number or laptop
which is predefined in the program. Once message has been sent to the predefined device
the GSM gets deactivated and GPS gets activated.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO

ABSTRACT 3

LIST OF FIGURES 6

1 INTRODUCTION 7

1.1 Vehicle tracking features 7

1.1.1  Accident Alert System features 8

1.2   Usage of tracking in India 8

1.3   Embedded System 9

1.4 Atmega 9

1.5 GSM 10

2 PROPOSED SYSTEM 11

2.1 Proposed system 11

2.2 Advantage of proposed system 11

2.3 Block diagram 12

3 WORKING OF THE SYSTEM 13

3.1 Concept and overview 13

3.2 Vibration sensor integration 14

3.3 Vehicle tracking system working 15

3.4 Accident alert system working 15

4 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 16

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 4.1 ATmega 328p 16

4.1.1 Features 16

4.1.1.1 Technical specification 16

4.1.1.2 Power supply for the Arduino 17

4.1.2 Pin details 18

4.1.2.1 Power pins 19

4.1.2.2 Memory 19

4.1.2.3 Input and Output 19

4.1.3 Communication 20

4.1.4 Programming 21

4.1.5 Automatic software reset 21

4.2 LCD display 22

4.3 GSM 25

4.4 GPS 28

4.5 Vibration sensor 29

5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 30

5.1 Hardware requirements 30

5.1.1 Arduino board 31

5.2 Software requirements 32

5.2.1 Arduino IDE 32

6 HARDWARE PHTOTGRAPHY 34

7 RESULT 35

8 CONCLUSION 36

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 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO TITLE PAGE NO

2.1 The overall block diagram 12

3.1 Overview of the system 13

3.2 Sensor position in vehicles 14

4.1 Overview of the Arduino Atmega328p 18

4.2 Clearer view of the Arduino Atmega328p 18

4.4 LCD Display 23

4.5 Pin diagram of LCD display 24

4.6 GSM module 25

4.7 Pinout diagram for GSM module 27

4.8 GPS 28

4.9 Vibration sensor 29

6.1 Hardware Photography 34

7.1 LCD output 35

7.2 Arduino output 36

7.3 SMS output 36

7.4 Location on map 37

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Vehicle tracking system main aim is to give Security to all vehicles. Accident alert
system main aim is to rescuing people in accidents. This is improved security systems for
vehicles. The latest like GPS are highly useful now a days, this system enables the owner to
observe and track his vehicle and find out vehicle movement and its past activities of
vehicle.

This new technology, popularly called vehicle Tracking Systems which created many
wonders in the security of the vehicle. This hardware is fitted on to the vehicle in such a
manner that it is not visible to anyone who is inside or outside of the vehicle. Thus it is used
as a covert unit which continuously or by any interrupt to the system, sends the location
data to the monitoring unit. When the vehicle is stolen, the location data from tracking
system can be used to find the location and can be informed to police for further action.
Some Vehicle tracking System can even detect unauthorized movements of the vehicle and
then alert the owner. This gives an edge over other pieces of technology for the same
purpose. This accident alert system in it detects the accident and the location of the accident
occurred and sends GPS coordinates to the specified mobile, computer etc.

1.1 Vehicle Tracking Features

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 It is mainly benefit for the companies which are based on transport system. Since it
can show the position of all vehicles in real time, so that they can create the expected data
accordingly. These tracking system can store the whole data where the vehicle had gone,
where did it stop, how much time it take at every stop and can create whole data analysis. It
is also used in buses and trains, to estimate how far are they, how much time it takes for
them to come to a particular stop. These systems are used to data capture, data storage, data
analysis and finally data transfer.

1.1.1 ACCIDENT ALERT SYSTEM FEATURES

This system is based on new technology, its main purpose is to detect an accident
and alert to the control room, so the victim can find some help. It can detect accidents the
intensity of the accident without any visuali contact from control room. If this system is
inserted in every vehicle then it is easy to understand how many vehicles are involved in a
particular accident and how intense is it. So that the help from control room will be
according to the control room. The present board designed has both vehicle tracking and
accident alert systems, which make it more valuable and useful. This board alerts us from
theft and on accident detection also. This device detects fire accidents also by placing fire
detector in one of the interrupt pins.

1.2 USAGE OF TRACKING IN INDIA

Tracking in India is mainly used by transport systems, taxi companies, traffic

operators. Taxi operators use this to estimate how far the vehicle is from a particular area
and send this information to call centers and they can inform general public about the
distance of the taxi location and time it takes tom come to them. Another use is for traffic

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police if this system is located in every vehicle they can estimate the traffic by looking
on the map and if any accident is detected then they can route the traffic in to another way.
This is how tracking is useful because India is one of busy traffic countries and this system
can control many of the traffic problems.

1.3 EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Embedded system do a very specific task, they cannot be programmed to do things.

Embedded systems have very limited resources, particularly the memory. Generally they
do not have secondary storage devices such as CDROM or floppy disk. Embedded
systems have to work against some deadlines. A specific job has to be completed within a
specific time. In some embedded system, called real time systems, the deadlines are string
end. Missing deadlines may cause a catastrophe –loss of life or damage to the property.
Embedded system are constrained for power .As many embedded system operate through a
battery, the power consumption has to be very low. Some embedded systems have to
operate in extreme environment such as very high temperature and humidity. Embedded
systems that address the consumer market is very cost sensitive. Unlike desktop computers
in which the hardware platform is dominated by intel and the operating system is dominated
by microsoft, there is a wide variety of processor and the operating systems for embedded
system. So choosing the right platform is the complex task.

1.4 ATMEGA
The Arduino UNO is a widely used open-source microcontroller board based
on the Atmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. The board is equipped
with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various
expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board features 14 Digital pins and 6
Analog pins. It is programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development
Environment) via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by a USB cable or by an external
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9 volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. It is also similar to the
Arduino Nano and Leonardo. Layout and production files for some versions of the
hardware are also available. “Uno” means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release
of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE)
were the reference versions of Arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is
the first in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino
platform. The Atmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes preprogrammed with a boot loader
that allows to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware
programmer.  The Uno also differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the
FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to
version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. The Arduino UNO is generally
considered the most user-friendly and popular board.

1.5 GSM

A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates
over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator
perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone. A GSM modem exposes an
interface that allows applications such as Now SMS to send and receive messages over the
modem interface. The mobile operator charges for this message sending and receiving as if
it was performed directly on a mobile phone. To perform these tasks, a GSM modem must
support an “extended AT command set” for sending/receiving SMS messages, as defined in
the ETSI GSM 07.05 and 3GPP TS 27.005 specifications.

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 CHAPTER 2
PROPOSED SYSTEM

2.1 PROPOSED TECHNIQUE

The main aim of this project is to send the longitude latitude position of accident area
to mobile or pc and based on the reading we can send the ambulance crew to the spot
immediatly. A vibrating sensor which is connected to Ardunio is used to sense the impact
from the accident and convert it to the digital signal. The processed information from the
vibrating sensor is then given to the Ardunio Atmega328 with ACS 712 interface. With the
help of Ardunio coding we can note the latitude and longitude position from the GPS
module and using Ardunio and GSM module the above mentioned parameters is sent to the
recquired phone number. The message is sent when accident occurs in vehicle with this
system . Serial communication occurs between the Arduino and the GSM Module. An LCD
display is used to display the latitude and longitude at that particular time.

2.2 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

 Can save a person’s life

 Very accurate position of incident
 Small in size
 Less cost
 Can be used in many ways in different fields

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2.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM

This is the block diagram of vehicle tracking and accident alert system. This
shows the overall view of the vehicle tracking and accident alert system circuit. The blocks
connected here are LCD display, GPS, GSM, Vibration Sensor, Power supply.

POWER
SUPPLY

Vibration LCD
Sensor 16X2

ARDUINO
GPS UNO

GSM SMS

Figure 2.1 : The overall block diagram

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 CHAPTER 3
WORKING OF THE SYSTEM

3.1 CONCEPT AND OVERVIEW

This vehicle tracking system takes input from GPS and send it through the GSM module
to desired mobile/laptop using mobile communication. Vehicle Tracking System is one of
the biggest technological advancements to track the activities of the vehicle. The security
system uses Global Positioning System GPS, to find the location of the monitored or
tracked vehicle and then uses satellite or radio systems to send to send the coordinates and
the location data to the monitoring center. At monitoring center various software’s are used
to plot the Vehicle on a map. In this way the Vehicle owners are able to track their vehicle
on a real-time basis. Due to real-time tracking facility, vehicle tracking systems are
becoming increasingly popular among owners of expensive vehicles.

Figure 3.1 Overview of the system

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3.2 VIBRATION SENSOR INTEGRATION
It is integrated in the circuit system by connecting all the sensors to arduino whose
output is connected to the int pin of microcontroller. These sensors are connected in such a
way that they detect force impact occurring from any side of the car. This is concerned to
the safety of the system of the human driving the car so that once accident is detected the
paramedics can reach to the location as soon as they can.

14
Figure 3.2 Sensors position in vehicle

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3.3 VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM WORKING
This system takes input from GPS and which goes into rs232. This Rs232 sends data
into max232 and it converts the data format and sends it to the Rx (receiver pin) of
microcontroller and this microcontroller stores this data in USART buffer and the data
stored is sent again through Tx pin into max232 this max 232 sends the data into GSM via
rs232. This is how vehicle tracking works using GSM and GPS. The lcd interfaced to the
microcontroller also shows the display of the coordinates. This lcd display is only used to
know the working condition of the vehicle tracking system.

3.4 ACCIDENT ALERT SYSTEM WORKING

Accident in the sense it could be collision of two vehicles or fire accident inside the
vehicle. These shock sensors are attached to the car on all sides of the vehicle and they all
are connected to the OR gate .OR gate is used because to detect at least one sensor is high
.the output from the or gate is connected to the interrupt pin of microcontroller and
whenever this pin 12 is high the micro controller sends the message about the accident.

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 CHAPTER 4
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

4.1 ATMEGA 328p:

4.1.1 Features:
The Arduino UNO is a widely used open-source microcontroller board
based on the Atmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. The board is
equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to
various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board features 14 Digital pins and
6 Analog pins. It is programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development
Environment) via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by a USB cable or by an external
9 volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts.

4.1.1.1 Technical specifications

 Microcontroller Atmega328p
 Operating voltage::1.8-5.5 V
 CPU type:8-bit AVR
 Performance:20 MIPS at 20 MHz
 Flash memory: 32 kB
 SRAM: 2 kB
 EEPROM:1 kB
 Pin count : 28-pin PDIP, MLF, 32-pin TQFP, MLF
 Maximum operating frequency : 20 MHz
 Number of touch channels: 16
 Hardware Qtouch Acquisition: No
 Maximum I/O pins: 23
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 External interrupts: 2
 USB Interface:Yes

4.1.1.2Power supply for the Arduino:

The Arduino Atmega328p can be powered via the USB connection or with an
external power supply. The power source is selected automatically. External (non-USB)
power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can
be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board’s power jack. Leads
from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector.
The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V,
however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If using
more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The
recommended range is 7 to 12 volts. The Mega328p differs from all preceding boards in
that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it
features the Atmega8U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.

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 Figure 4.1 : Overview of the Arduino Atmega328p

4.1.2 PIN DETAILS

Figure 4.2 : Clearer view of the Arduino Atmega 328p

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4.1.2.1 Power pins

1) VIN : The input voltage to the Arduino board when it’s using an external power source
(as opposed to be 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You
can supply voltage through this pin, or, if
supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin.
2) 5V : The regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other
components on the board. This can come either from VIN via an on-board regulator, or be
supplied by USB or another regulated 5V supply.
3) 3.3V: A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current drawn is
50 mA.
4) GND : Ground pin

4.1.2.2 Memory
The Atmega328p has 32 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 8 KB is used
for the bootloader), 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written
with the EEPROM library).

4.1.2.3 Input and Output

Each of the 13 digital pins of the Mega can be used as an input or output, using
pinmode(), digitalWrite(), anddigitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can
provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an
internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins
have specialized functions:
 Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data.
Pins 0 and 1 are also connected to the
corresponding pins of the Atmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip .

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  External Interrupts: 2 (interrupt 0), 3 (interrupt 1), 18 (interrupt 5), 19
(interrupt 4), 20 (interrupt 3), and 21(interrupt 2). These pins can be configured
to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value.
 PWM: 0 to 13. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.
 SPI: 50 (MISO), 51 (MOSI), 52 (SCK), 53 (SS). These pins support SPI
communication, which, although provided by the underlying hardware, is not
currently included in the Arduino language. The SPI pins are also
broken out on the ICSP header, which is physically compatible with the Duemilanove
and Diecimila.
 LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is in
HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it’s off.
 I2C: 20 (SDA) and 21 (SCL). Support I2C (TWI) communication using the Wire
library. Note that these pins are not in the same location as the I2C pins on the
Duemilanove. The Mega328p has 6 analog inputs, each of which provide 10 bits of
resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5
volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin
and
analogReference() function.
There are a couple of other pins on the board:
 AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().
 Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller.

4.1.3 COMMUNICATION
The Arduino Mega328p has a number of facilities for communicating with a
computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The Atmega328p provides four
hardware UARTs for TTL (5V) serial communication.

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An Atmega328 on the board channels one of these over USB and provides a virtual com
port to software on the computer (Windows machines will need a .inf file, but OSX and
Linux machines will recognize the board as a COM port automatically). The Arduino
software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from
the board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via
the Atmega328chip and USB connection to the computer (but not for serial communication
on pins 0 and 1).A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the
Mega’s digital pins. The Atmega328 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. 

4.1.4 PROGRAMMING 
The Arduino Mega328 can be programmed with the Arduino software
The Atmega328 on the Arduino Mega comes preburned with a bootloader that allows you
to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It
communicates using the original STK500 protocol (reference, C header files).You can also
bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial
Programming) header.

4.1.5 AUTOMATIC (SOFTWARE) RESET

Rather then requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the
Arduino Meg328p is designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a
connected computer. One of the hardware flow control lines (DTR) of the Atmega8U2 is
connected to the reset line of the Atmega328p via a 100 nanofarad capacitor. When this line
is asserted (taken low), the reset line drops long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino
software uses this capability to allow you to upload code by simply pressing the upload
button in the Arduino environment. This means that the bootloader can have a shorter
timeout, as the lowering of DTR can be well-coordinated with the start of the upload.
This setup has other implications. When the Mega328 is connected to either a computer

22
running Mac OS X or Linux, it resets each time a connection is made to it from software
(via USB). For the following half-second or so, the bootloader is running on the Meg328.
While it is programmed to ignore malformed data (i.e. anything besides an upload of new
code), it will intercept the first few bytes of data sent to the board after a connection is
opened. If a sketch running on the board receives one-time configuration or other data when
it first starts, make sure that the software with which it communicates waits a second after
opening the connection and before sending this data.
The Mega contains a trace that can be cut to disable the auto-reset. The pads on either
side of the trace can be soldered together to re-enable it. It’s abeled “RESET-EN”. You
may also be able to disable the auto-reset by connecting a 110 ohm resistor from 5V to the
reset line.

The Arduino UNO has a resettable polyfuse that protects your computer’s USB ports
from shorts and overcurrent. Although most computers provide their own internal
protection, the fuse provides an extra layer of protection. If more than 500 mA is applied to
the USB port, the fuse will automatically break the connection until the short or
overload is removed.

4.2 LCD DISPLAY

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have materials which combine the properties of
both liquids and crystals. Rather than having a melting point, they have a temperature range
within which the molecules are almost as mobile as they would be in a liquid, but are
grouped together in an ordered form similar to a crystal.

23
 Figure 4.4 LCD display

An LCD consists of two glass panels, with the liquid crystal material sand witched in
between them. The inner surface of the glass- plates are coated with transparent electrodes
which define the character, symbols or patterns to be displayed polymeric layers are present
in between the electrodes and the liquid crystal, which makes the liquid crystal molecules to
maintain a defined orientation angle.

One each polarisers are pasted outside the two glass panels. These
polarisers would rotate the light rays passing through them to a definite angle, in a
particular direction.

When the LCD is in the off state, light rays are rotated by the two
polarisers and the liquid crystal, such that the light rays come out of the LCD without any
orientation, and hence the LCD appears transparent.

When sufficient voltage is applied to the electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules
would be aligned in a specific direction. The light rays passing through the LCD would be
rotated by the polarisers, which would result in activating / highlighting the desired
characters.

24
 figure 4.5 Pin Diagram of LCD display

The LCD’s are lightweight with only a few millimeters thickness. Since the
LCD’s consume less power, they are compatible with low power electronic circuits, and can
be powered for long durations.The LCD’s don’t generate light and so light is needed to read
the display. By using backlighting, reading is possible in the dark. The LCD’s have long life
and a wide operating temperature range. Changing the display size or the layout size is
relatively simple which makes the LCD’s more customer friendly. The LCDs used
exclusively in watches, calculators and measuring instruments are the simple seven-
segment displays, having a limited amount of numeric data. The recent advances in
technology have resulted in better legibility, more information displaying capability and a
wider temperature range. These have resulted in the LCDs being extensively used in
telecommunications and entertainment electronics. The LCDs have even started replacing
the cathode ray tubes (CRTs) used for the display of text and graphics, and also in small TV
applications.

25
4.3 GSM

A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and
operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile
operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone.

For the purpose of this document, the term GSM modem is used as a generic term
to refer to any modem that supports one or more of the protocols in the GSM evolutionary
family, including the 2.5G technologies GPRS and EDGE, as well as the 3G technologies
WCDMA, UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA.

A GSM modem exposes an interface that allows applications such as Now SMS
to send and receive messages over the modem interface. The mobile operator charges for
this message sending and receiving as if it was performed directly on a mobile phone. To
perform these tasks, a GSM modem must support an “extended AT command set” for
sending/receiving SMS messages, as defined in the ETSI GSM 07.05 and 3GPP TS 27.005
specifications.

Figure 4.6 GSM module

26
 GSM modems can be a quick and efficient way to get started with SMS, because a
special subscription to an SMS service provider is not required. In most parts of the world,
GSM modems are a cost effective solution for receiving SMS messages, because the sender
is paying for the message delivery.

A GSM modem can be a dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or Bluetooth
connection, such as the Falcom Samba 75 used in this document. (Other manufacturers of
dedicated GSM modem devices include Wavecom, Multitech and iTegno.) To begin, insert
a GSM SIM card into the modem and connect it to an available USB port on your
computer.

A GSM modem could also be a standard GSM mobile phone with the appropriate
cable and software driver to connect to a serial port or USB port on your computer. Any
phone that supports the “extended AT command set” for sending/receiving SMS messages,
as defined in ETSI GSM 07.05 and/or 3GPP TS 27.005, can be supported by the Now SMS
& MMS Gateway. Note that not all mobile phones support this modem interface.

Due to some compatibility issues that can exist with mobile phones, using a
dedicated GSM modem is usually preferable to a GSM mobile phone. This is more of an
issue with MMS messaging, where if you wish to be able to receive inbound MMS
messages with the gateway, the modem interface on most GSM phones will only allow you
to send MMS messages. This is because the mobile phone automatically processes received
MMS message notifications without forwarding them via the modem interface.

It should also be noted that not all phones support the modem interface for
sending and receiving SMS messages. In particular, most smart phones, including
Blackberries, iPhone, and Windows Mobile devices, do not support this GSM modem
interface for sending and receiving SMS messages at all at all. Additionally, Nokia phones
that use the S60 (Series 60) interface, which is Symbian based, only support sending SMS
27
messages via the modem interface, and do not support receiving SMS via the modem
interface.

Figure 4.7 Pinout diagram for GSM module

When you install your GSM modem, or connect your GSM mobile phone to the
computer, be sure to install the appropriate Windows modem driver from the device
manufacturer. To simplify configuration, the Now SMS & MMS Gateway will
communicate with the device via this driver. If a Windows driver is not available for your
modem, you can use either the “Standard” or “Generic” 33600 bps modem driver that is
built into windows. A benefit of utilizing a Windows modem driver is that you can use
Windows diagnostics to ensure that the modem is communicating properly with the
computer.

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4.4 GPS

The Now SMS & MMS gateway can simultaneously support multiple modems,
provided that your computer hardware has the available communications port resources.

GPS abbreviates Global Positioning System and this is used to detect the latitude and
longitude of the particular position and it also shows the exact time. It detects these values
anywhere on the earth. In our project it plays main role and it is the main source of the
latitude and longitude of the vehicle to know the accident occurred location, or even for
theft tracking of the vehicle. This gadget gets the coordinates from the satellite for each and
every second. This device is the main component of vehicle tracking project.

Figure 4.8 GPS module

29
4.5 VIBRATION SENSOR

Sensor integration It is integrated in the circuit system by connecting all the sensors to
or gate whose output is connected to the int pin of microcontroller. These sensors are
connected in such a way that they detect force impact occurring from any side of the car.
This is concerned to the safety of the system of the human driving the car so that once
accident is detected the paramedics can reach to the location as soon as they can.

Figure 4.9 Vibration sensor

CHAPTER 5

30
 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

5.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

A personal computer (PC) is any general-purpose computer whose size,
capabilities, and original sales price make it useful for individuals, and which is
intended to be operated directly by an end-user with no intervening computer operator.
In contrast, the batch processing or time-sharing models allowed large expensive
mainframe systems to be used by many people, usually at the same time. Large data
processing systems require a full-time staff to operate efficiently.
A computer user will apply application software to carry out a specific task.
System software supports applications and provides common services such as memory
management, network connectivity, or device drivers; all of which may be used by
applications but which are not directly of interest to the end user.
A simple, if imperfect analogy in the world of hardware would be the relationship
of an electric light bulb (an application) to an electric power generation plant (a
system). The power plant merely generates electricity, not itself of any real use until
harnessed to an application like the electric light that performs a service that benefits
the user.
Windows 7 includes a number of new features, such as advances in touch and
handwriting recognition, support for virtual hard disks, improved performance on multi-
core processors, improved boot performance, Direct Access, and kernel improvements.
Windows 7 adds support for systems using multiple heterogeneous graphics cards from
different vendors (Heterogeneous Multi-adapter), a new version of Windows Media
Center, a Gadget for Windows Media Center, improved media features, the
XPSEssentials Pack and Windows Power Shell being included, and a redesigned
Calculator with multiline capabilities including Programmer and Statistics modes.

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 Many new items have been added to the Control Panel, including Clear Type Text
Tuner, Display Color Calibration Wizard, Gadgets, Recovery, Troubleshooting,
Workspaces Center, Location and Other Sensors, Credential Manager, Biometric
Devices, System Icons, and Display.
The Windows Security Center has been renamed to Windows Action Center
(Windows Health Center and Windows Solution Center in earlier builds), which
encompasses both security and maintenance of the computer. Ready boost on 32bit
editions now supports up to 256 Gigabytes of extra allocation.
The default setting for User Account Control in Windows 7 has been criticized for
allowing untrusted software to be launched with elevated privileges without a prompt
by exploiting a trusted application. Microsoft’s Windows kernel engineer Mark
Russinovich acknowledged the problem, but noted that malware can also compromise a
system when the users agree to a prompt. Windows 7 also supports images in the RAW
image format through the addition of Windows Imaging Component-enabled image
decoders, which enables raw image thumbnails, previewing and metadata display in
Windows Explorer, plus full-size viewing and slideshows in Windows Photo Viewer
and Windows Media Center.

5.1.1 Ardunio board

Arduino is an open source computer hardware and software company, project, and user
community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and
microcontroller kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and
control objects in the physical and digital world. The project’s products are distributed as
open-source hardware and software, which are licensed under the GNU Lesser General
Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License (GPL), permitting the

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manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are
available commercially in preassembled form, or as do-it-yourself (DIY) kits.

Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are
equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to
various expansion boards or Breadboards (shields) and other circuits. The boards feature
serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models,
which are also used for loading programs from personal computers. The microcontrollers
are typically programmed using a dialect of features from the programming languages C
and C++. In addition to using traditional compiler toolchains, the Arduino project provides
an integrated development environment (IDE) based on the Processing language project.

5.2 Software requirements

5.2.1 Arduino IDE
A program for Arduino hardware may be written in any programming language with
compilers that produce binary machine code for the target processor. Atmel provides a
development environment for their 8-bit AVR and 32-bit ARM Cortex-M based
microcontrollers: AVR Studio (older) and Atmel Studio (newer).

The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application (for

Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in the programming language Java. It originated
from the IDE for the languages Processing and Wiring. It includes a code editor with
features such as text cutting and pasting, searching and replacing text, automatic indenting,
brace matching, and syntax highlighting, and provides simple one-click mechanisms to
compile and upload programs to an Arduino board. It also contains a message area, a text
console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions and a hierarchy of operation menus.
The source code for the IDE is released under the GNU General Public License, version 2.

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The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code structuring.
The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which provides many
common input and output procedures. User-written code only requires two basic functions,
for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that are compiled and linked with a
program stub main() into an executable cyclic executive program with the GNU toolchain,
also included with the IDE distribution. The Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to
convert the executable code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the
Arduino board by a loader program in the board’s firmware.

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 CHAPTER 6
HARDWARE PHOTOGRAPHY

Figure 6.1 : Hardware Photography

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CHAPTER 7
RESULT

Figure 7.1: LCD output

Message for accident :

“Accident alert

latitude: 2400.0090,

N longitude: 12100.0000,

E time: 12:00”

This system shows the location of vehicle on the lcd connected to it also just to make
sure the working condition of the Arduino

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Figure 7.2 Arduino output

Figure 7.3 SMS output

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Figure 7.4 Location on map

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 CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION

In the proposed project embedded system technique is incorporated for accident alert
system. We have detected the latitude and longitude of the accident area and the
information is sent to computer or mobile through GSM module. In the proposed project
whenever accident occurs in vehicle then the device send message to given mobile device.
This system shows the location of vehicle on the LCD display connected to it just to make
sure the working condition of the microcontroller. The results obtained found to be more
appropriate and the operator can send the nearest ambulance driver to the spot immediately
inorder to save life. Even though the chance of saving the person is complex there is slight
chance where we can save life of a person with this project.

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 REFERENCE

[1] Bell, Charles, “Beginning Sensor Networks with Arduino”.

[2] Erik Savasgard, “Arduino For Beginners How to get started with your arduino,
including Arduino basics, Arduino tips and tricks, Arduino projects and more!

[3] Jack Purdum, Ph.D.,”Beginning C for Arduino”, 2nd Edition: Learn C Programming for
the Arduino
[4] DANIEL .W.LEWIS “Fundamental of embedded software “prentice
Hall of India, 2004

[5] WILLIAM STALLING “Wireless communication and Networks”, 2nd edition, 2005
prentice hall of India

[6] KRISHNA KANT “Microprocessor and microcontroller” EASTERN

COMPANY EDITION NEW DELHI 2007

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