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Psych Analizi PDF
Psych Analizi PDF
fsiqoanalizi
1
fsiqoanalizis Sesavali
fsiqoanalizis Sesaxeb
I.
fsiqoanalizis warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. – isteria. – doqtor
breieris SemTxveva. – “saubriT mkurnaloba”. simptomebis warmoqmna fsiqikuri
travmebidan gamomdinare. simptomebi rogorc mogonebebis simboloebi. – fiqsacia
travmebze. – isteriuli konversia. – fsiqikis gaoreba. hipnoiduri mdgomareobani.
2
pirebs, vinc maTi mecnieruli codna Seuracxyo, vinc simulirebas axdens da
gadametebiT warmoaCens Tavis Sinagan “rTul” mdgomareobas.
breieri ar imsaxurebs amgvari tipis gankiTxvas Tavisi pacientis mxridan. igi
Tavisi pacientis mimarT didi simpatiiTa da interesiT ganewyo, miuxedavad imisa,
rom Tavdapirvelad ar icoda rogor SeiZleboda daxmareboda mas.
breieris mier aRniSnuli iyo, rom absansis fsiqikuri gaurkvevlobis
mdgomareobaSi avadmyofi raRac sityvebs warmoTqvamda. eqimma Txova mas
daemaxsovrebina es sityvebi da Semdeg ki hipnotur mdgomareobaSi gadaiyvana
avadmyofi da gaumeora es sityvebi, ramac gamoiwvia im mdgomareobis asaxva
avadmyofis mier, romelSic is vardeboda absansis dros. es iyo Zalian Rrma
sevdiani fantaziebi, zogierT SemTxvevaSi poeturi da lamazi, rac ZiriTadad
iwyeboda gogonas mamis sasTumalTan yofnis aRweriT. rodesac pacienti yveboda am
fantaziebis Sesaxeb misi mdgomareoba gaumjobesebisaken midioda, is TiTqos da
Tavisufldeboda raRacisagan da ubrundeboda normalur sulier cxovrebas.
amgvari mdgomareoba mravali saaTis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda, magram mas Tan
sdevda gaurkvevlobis mdgomareobis Setevac, romelic imave saxis gamonaTqvamis
Semdeg isev icvleboda dadebiTad. TviTon avadmyofma am mkurnalobis axal xerxs
“talking cure” – “saubriT mkurnaloba” daarqva. an xumrobiT mas uwodebda xolme
“Chimney sweeping” – “buxris gawmendas”.
male TiTqos da SemTxveviT aRmoCnda rom msgavsi sulieri ganwmendiT
SesaZlebelia ufro metis miRweva, vidre cnobierebis moSlilobis droebiT
gankurnebas. Tuki afeqtis gamoxatulebis mqone avadmyofi hipnozSi ixsenebda Tu ra
mizeziT da rasTan dakavSirebiT Camouyalibda mas cnobili simptomebi, maSin
SesaZlebelia am simptomebis sruli gaqarwyelba momxdariyo. am SemTxvevaSi
moxerxda avadmyofis wylis dalevisadmi arsebuli siZulvilis gankurneba, es
SegrZneba masSi imdenad Zlieri iyo, rom zafxulSic ki is wyurvils mxolod
xilis WamiT ikmayofilebda. man hipnozSi gaixsenda Tu rogor sZulda erTi
ingliseli qali da rom masSi gansakuTrebuli siZulvili gamoiwvia misi patara
ZaRlis mier Wiqidan wylis lokvis faqtma. am mogonebis hipnozSi warmoTqmis
Semdgom avadmyofma gaiRviZa mis tuCebTan mitanli WiqiT xelSi. da es siZulvili
mas Semdeg sruliad gauqra.
breierma daiwyo sxva simptomebis paTogenezis Seswavlac. TiTqmis yvela
simptomi warmoadgenda narCens, naleqs im afeqturi gancdebisa romelsac
mogvianebiT froidi ambobs rom Cven vuwodeTo “fsiqikuri travmebio”. es
simptomebi iyvenen determinirebuli garkveuli scenebiT, isini warmoadgendnen am
scenebis Sesaxeb arsebul mogonebebs. Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom erTi romelime
gancda aucileblad ki ar iwvevda romelime simptoms, aramed msgavs zemoqmedebas
metwilad axdendnen mravalricxovani, xSir SemTxvevaSi msgavsi travmebi. mTeli am
paTogenuri mogonebebis jaWvi froidis sityvebiT unda yofiliyo gaxsenebuli
bolodan dawyebuli – pirvel rigSi yvelaze Zveli mogoneba da bolos
ukanaskneli.
froids moyavs kidev ramodenime magaliTi riTac iZulebulia SeizRudos
programis gamo. breieri yveba, rom misi avadmyofis mxedvelobiTi moSlilobebi
SesaZlebelia iyos Semdegi saxis mizezebis mqone iyvnen: “cremliani TvaliT mamis
sasTumalTan mjdomare avadmyofs esmoda mamis SekiTxva drois Sesaxeb. is
ciferblats gaurkvevlad zedavda da iZulebuli iyo moewia saaTi axlos, ris
gamoc ciferblati Zalian didi Canda (makropsia da strabizmi – сходящееся (SigniT
mimarTuli) sielme); an kidev is cremls ikavebda, rom mamas ar SeemCnia.” yvela
paTogenuri STabeWdileba ukavSirdeba im dros rodesac is uvlida mamas. “erTxel
is iRviZebs SuaRamisas SeSinebuli Tavisi mamis gamo, romelsac cieb-cxeleba
qonda. ojaxi venidan qirurgis molodinSi iyo, romelsac mamisaTvis operacia unda
gaekeTebina. dedam miatova ana, romelic marto unda yofiliyo mamis sasTumalTan
garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi. misi xeli skamis zurgze iyo dasvenebuli. is
fxizel mdgomareobaSi moCvenebas xedavs – kerZod gvels romelic mamis
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sasTumalisaken kedelze mococavs da apirebs kbenas. SesaZloa misi saxlis ezoSi
gveli arsebobda kidec da gogonas misi eSinoda, rac amJamad halucinaciis
masalad iqca. mas qonda cxovelis dafrTxobis survili, magram is TiTqos da
paralizebul mdgomareobaSi Cavarda. marjvena xeli TiTqos da gaSeSda, man
dakarga mgrZnobeloba. rodesac gogonam daxeda xels misi TiTebi mkvdari Tavebis
mqone gvelebad gadaiqcnen (frCxilebi). mas qonda mcdeloba cxovelis gagdebisa,
magram paralizeba da mgrZnobelobis dakargva asocirda gvelis halucinaciasTan.
rodesac halucinacia gaqra da avadmyofma isurva locva, mas sityvebi daaviwyda,
man verc erTi TavisTvis cnobili en aver gaixsena. Semdeg mas gaaxsenda inglisuri
sabavSvo leqsi, romliTac locva daiwyo. hipnozis mdgomareobaSi am scenis
gaxsenebam gamoiwvia marjvena xelis paraliCis gankurneba.
froidi aRniSnavs, rom isic iyenebda breieris meTods da ixsenebs erT-erTi
misi avadmyofis istorias, romelic gamoscemda tkacuna bgeras, maSin rodesac es
dauSvebeli iyo.
froidi axdens ganzogadebas, romelic misi azriT aris gardauvali aseTi
mokle mimoxilvis SemTxvevaSi. yvelaferi rac CvenTvis aris cnobili SeiZleba
iyos gaerTianebuli erT formulaSi: Cveni isteriuli avadmyofebi itanjebian
mogonebebiT. maTi simptomebi warmoadgenen garkveuli travmatuli gancdebis
Sesaxeb arsebuli mogonebebis narCenebsa da simboloebs. froidi magaliTis saxiT
asaxelebs sxva simboloebis Sedarebebsac. mas moyavs Zeglebisa da monumentebis
mniSvnelovnobis magaliTi da asaxelebs Caring-qross, romelic warmoadgens erT-
erTi mefis mier Tavisi gardacvlili dedoflis dasaflavebis ceremonialze
TiToeul gaCerebaze (ceremonialis procesis dros) aRmarTuli goTikuri jvrebis
adgilze agebul Zegls. is asaxavs am samgloviaro procesiis tragizms. is aseve
asaxelebs erT-erT Zegls, romelic mdebareobs london-bridjisagan moSorebiT
dasaxelebiT “monumenti” da 1666 wels momxdari uZlieresi xanZris mogonebas
warmoadgens. es Zeglebi warmoadgenen mogonebas rogorc isteriuli simptomebi; am
SemTxvevaSi froidis azriT Sedareba sruliad marTebulia.
Tumca aqve froidi aRniSnavs, rom ar iqneboda adeqvaturi Tuki romelime
londoneli amJamad dadgeboda Caring-qrosis ZeglTan an monumentTan da daiwyebda
wuxils an samgloviaro procesiasTan dakavSirebiT an kidev didi xnis win momxdar
xanZarTan dakavSirebiT, ris Semdegac londoni kidev ufro brwyinvaled aris
gaSenebuli. Tumca froidi amtkicebs, rom swored msgavsad iqcevian nevrotikebi da
isterikebic, ara marTo imitom, rom isini ixseneben warsul avadmyofur gancdebs,
aramed am gancdebTan afeqturad arian dakavSirebuli; maT ar SeuZliaT warsulis
daviwyeba, ris gamoc uyuradRebod toveben awmyosa da arsebuls. nevrozis erT-erT
umniSvnelovanesad damaxasiaTebel Tvisebas / maxasiaTebels, romelsac metwilad
praqtikuli mniSvneloba gaaCnia, warmoadgens sulieri cxovrebis fiqsacia
paTogenur travmebze.
froidis azriT dakvirvebebidan gamomdinare Zalauneburad Cndeba varaudi
avadmyofobis aRmocenebisa im mizeziT, rom paTogenuri mdgomareobis fonze
ganviTarebul afeqts, normaluri gamosavali qonda dablokili da am Sekavebulma
afeqtebma aranormaluri gamoyeneba / gamosavali / gasavali hpoves. nawilobriv es
afeqtebi rCeboda da amZimebda sulier cxovrebas, nawilobriv ki isini ganicdidnen
ucnaur sxeulebriv inervaciebs da Sekavebebs, romlebic warmoadgendnen mocemuli
SemTxvevis sxeulebriv simptomebs. am ukanaskneli SemTxvevis Sesaxeb froidi
iyenebs termins “isteriuli konversia”.
breieris avadmyofma normalur mdgomareobaSi araferi ar icoda paTogenuri
scenebisa da maTi simptomebTan arsebuli kavSiris Sesaxeb. man daiviwya es scenebi
an sruliad dakarga maTi paTogenuri kavSiri. rodesac is hipnozis zemoqmedebis
qveS iyo, sakmaod didi Zalisxmevis fasad iyo SesaZlebeli misi mexsierebis
gaRviZeba da mexsierebis amuSavebis Sedegad es simptomebi qreboda.
hipnoturi movlenebis Seswavlis meoxebiT Cven SevegueT iseT mosazrebas,
romlis Tanaxmadac erTsa da imave individuumSi SesaZloa ramodenime sulieri
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dajgufebis arseboba, romelTac SeuZliaT sruliad damoukideblad iarsebon
urTierTisagan, SeiZleba ar icodnen araferi erTmaneTis Sesaxeb da drodadro
monacvleobiT batonobdnen cnobierebaSi.
amgvari tipis SemTxvevebi zogierT SemTxvevaSi TavisTavad aRmocendebian.
Tuki pirovnebis gaorebisas / danawevrebisas cnobiereba am mdgomareobaTagan
mxolod erT-erTisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, maSin am ukanasknels cnobier
sulier mdgomareobas uwodeben, xolo misgan gancalkevebuls – aracnobiers.
aracnobieris cnobierze zemoqmedebis viTarebidan gamomdinare
(posthipnoidur mdgomareobaSi STagonebulis Sesrulebis magaliTi) breierma
wamoayena varaudi, rom isteruli simptomebi aRmocendebian gansakuTrebuli
sulieri mdgomareobis SemTxvevaSi, romelsac is hipnoidurs uwodebs.
II.
Sarkosa da Janes kvlevebi. – teqnikis cvlileba. – hipnozisagan uaryofa. –
gandevna da winaaRmdegoba. – gandevnis magaliTi. – simptomebis warmoqmna
Seumdgari gandevnis SemTxvevaSi. – fsiqoanalizis mizani.
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maSin rodesac froidi Sublze xels daadebT. amgvarad froidi igebda yvelafers
rac iyo saWiro daviwyebul paTogenur scenebsa da maT Semdgom darCenil
simptomebs Soris arsebuli kavSirebis damyarebisaTvis. magram misive sityvebiT es
iyo Zalian damRleli da araefeqturi procedura.
Tumca man ar miatova es meTodi, sanam garkveuli saxis daskvnebamde ar
mivida. froidi amtkicebs rom daviwyebuli mogonebebi ar gamqrala. avamdyofi jer
kidev flobda am mogonebebs da isini mzad iyvnen asociaciuri kavSiris
damyarebisaTvis imasTan rac avadmyofma ukve icis, magram garkveuli Zala
ewinaaRmdegeboda imas, rom isini gacnobierebuliyvnen da aiZulebda maT isev
aracnobierSi darCeniliyvnen. am Zalis arseboba SeiZleboda savsebiT
dadasturebuliyo, vinaidan misTvis damaxasiaTebeli daZabulobis SegrZneba
SesaZlebeli iyo gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac mis sapirispirod aracnobieri
mogonebebis cnobierSi gadatanis mcdeloba mimdinareobs. SesaZlebeli iyo im
Zalis SegrZneba romelic avadmyofur mdgomareobas inarCunebda, es iyo avamdyofis
winaaRmdegoba.
swored winaaRmdegobis ideaze dafuZnebiT aago froidma Tavisi warmodgena
isteriisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli fsiqikuri procesebis gageba.
gamojanmrTelebisaTvis aucilebeli aRmoCnda am winaaRmdegobis ganadgureba. igive
Zalebi rac amjerad ewinaaRmdegebian daviwyebulis cnobierSi gadasvlas, Tavis
droze es daviwyeba ganapirobes da gandevnes cnobieridan Sesabamisi paTogenuri
gancdebi. am savaraudo process froidma uwoda gandevna da ganixilavda mas
rogorc damtkicebuls winaaRmdegobis udavo arsebobis Tanaxmad.
froidi saubrobs xanmokle konfliqtis Sesaxeb romelic aRmocendeba yvela
am gancdidan gamomdinare warmoSobili survilebis Sesaxeb, es survilebi ki
xSirad ewinaaRmdegebian erTmaneTs da warmoiSoba xanmokle konfliqti. am Sinagani
brZolis Sedegs warmoadgens is, rom am Seusabamo survilis matarebeli
warmodgena cnobierebidan gandevnas eqvemdebareba yvela misTvis damaxasiaTebeli
mogonebebis TanxlebiT.
froids aseve moyavs erT-erTi Tavisi pacientis magaliTi, romelic sakuTari
siZisadmi aris siyvaruliT aRsavse da gardacvlili dis sasTumalTan gaifiqrebs:
“ai exla ki mas SeuZlia momiyvanos colad, Tavisufalia.” da romelsac Semdeg
emarTeba isteriuli Seteva da avad xdeba.
froids moyavs umartivesi magaliTi gandevnis meqanizmisa da adarebs mas
leqciis msvlelobas, romlis drosac xmauriani individi “gandevnilia”
auditoriidan da is ori pirovneba vinc is gandevna karebTan sxdebian da misTvis
“winaaRmdegobas” qmnian auditoriaSi xelmeored SemoRwevis dabrkolebis saxiT.
Tuki fsiqologiis terminebiT sivrce auditoriis SigniT da gareT moiazreba
cnobierebiTa da aracnobieriT, maSin sruliad naTlad iqneba Semqnili gandevnis
procesis gamosaxuleba.
swored amaSi mdgomareobs froidiseuli fsiqikis ganxeTqilebisa da Janes
Sexedulebebs Soris. ara sinTezis Tandayolili ukmarisobiT sulieri aparatis
mxridan, aramed es ganxeTqileba aixsneba dinamiurad, rogorc
urTierTdapirispirebuli sulieri Zalebis konfliqti.
froidi miiCnevs warumateblad breieris pacientis SemTxvevis ganxilvas
rogorc gandevnis faqtisa. avadmyofobis es istoria miRebulia hipnoturi
zemoqmedebiT, amitom amisaTvis ar gamodgeba. froidis sityvebiT mxolod maSin
rodesac hipnozi iqneba gamoricxuli SesaZlebelia winaaRmdegobisa da gandevnis
SemCneva da iqneba miRebuli namdvilad marTebuli warmodgena paTogenur
procesTan dakavSirebiT.
yvelaze faseuli, rac aris miRebuli breieriseuli dakvirvebidan, es aris
daskvnebi simptomebisa da paTogenuri gancdebTan an fsiqikur travmebTan arsebuli
kavSirebis Sesaxeb da es kavSiri unda Sefasdes gandevnis gadmosaxedidan.
isterikosebisa da sxva nevrotikebis kvlevas mivyavarT daskvnamde, rom maT
ver SeZles im ideis gandevna romelsac ukavSirdeba Seusabamo survilis arseboba.
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maT gandevnes is cnobierebidan da mexsierebidan, riTac ufro meti raodenobis
usiamovnebisagan daizRvies Tavi, magram aracnobierSi gandevnli survili
ganagrZobs arsebobas da elodeba im pirvel SesaZleblobas rodesac misi
gaaqtiureba iqneba dasaSvebi da cnobierSi gagzavnli iqneba damaxinjebuli,
sruliad saxeSecvlili moadgile.
gandevnilis Semcvleli warmodgena – simptomi – ganTavisuflebulia
momdevno Tavdasxmebisagan romelic Cveulebriv mes mxridan xorcieldeba da
xanmokle konfliqtis nacvlad usasrulo gancda iwyeba da isadgurebs.
III.
amocnobis teqnika avadmyofis Tavisuflad aRmocenebad azrebze dayrdnobiT.
– arapirdapiri gamosaxuleba / asaxva. – fsiqoanalizis ZiriTadi wesi / kanoni. –
asociaciuri eqsperimenti. – sizmrebis ganmarteba. – sizmrebSi survilebis
asruleba. – sizmris muSaoba / moqmedeba. – SecdomiTi, simptomatiuri da
SemTxveviTi qmedebani. – winaaRmdegoba fsiqoanalizis mimarT.
froidi ixsenebs imas, rom rodesac man uaryo hipnozi, gadawyvita gahyoloda
avadmyofis Tavisuflad aRmocenebad azrebs, rac TavisTavad mogonebis daviwyebul
gagrZelebas warmoadgens. gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba am SemTxvevaSi eniWeba TavSi
pirvelad mosul azrs. magram amgvari ram xdeba mxolod analizis dasawyisSi,
rodesac aRmocendeba is rasac daJinebiT moiTxovs TviTon froidi. amgvari ram
SesaZlebelia iTqvas mxolod dasawyisze, SemdgomSi ukve marTebuli azrebi aRar
aRmocendebian da TviT pacientebic uaryofen maT WeSmaritebas.
froidis mosazrebiT, Tuki avadmyofs aRmoucendeba raime azri, is ver iqneba
daviwyebuli warmodgenis identuri. es faqti aixsneba avadmyofis sulieri
mdgomareobidan gamomdinare. avadmyofSi mkurnalobisas moqmedebs ori Zala,
romelic erTmaneTis sapirispiroa: erTis mxriv misi cnobieri swrafva rom
gaixsenos daviwyebuli, xolo meores mxriv – CvenTvis cnobili winaaRmdegoba,
romelic dabrkolebas uqmnis gandevnils an misi ganmapirobebeli faqtorebis
cnobierSi dabrunebas. Tuki es winaaRmdegoba nols utoldeba, an Zalian
umniSvneloa, maSin daviwyebuli yovelgvari damaxinjebis gareSe aRmocendeba
cnobierebaSi; Tuki winaaRmdegoba mniSvnelovania, maSin unda aRiniSnos rom
gandevnili imdenad ganicdis damaxinjebas ramdenad Zlieric aris misi
gacnobierebis winaaRmdegoba. is azri romelic aRmocendeba avadmyofSi, TavisTavad
yalibdeba simptomis saxiT: es aris gandevnilis axali, xelovnuri, efemeruli
Canacvleba. ramdenadac ufro Zlieria damaxinjeba winaaRmdegobis zewolidan
gamomdinare, Sesabamisad naklebia msgavseba aRmocenebad azrs – gandevnilis
Canacvlebas da TviT gandevnils Soris.
SemTxveviTi azri gandevnil azrs unda ukavSirdebodes rogorc miniSneba.
msgavsi kavSiri SeimCneva azrTa gadmocemaSi arapirdapiri saubrisas.
am SemTxvevaSi froids xumrobis agebulebis teqnika moyavs magaliTad. erT
erT inglisur xumrobas ixsenebs.
намёк
спропуском
.
froidi ixsenebs anekdots, ori mzakvris Sesaxeb, vinc TavianT protretebs
SeukveTavs Zvirad Rirebul mxatvrebs da Semdeg kritikoss xalxiT savse darbazSi
azris gamoTqmas sTxoven. is Tavs iqnevs da iZaxis “ki magram sad aris macxovari?”
swored msgavsi kostelacia warmoadgens im mizezs, rom pacienti daviwyebuli
mosaZiebeli masalis nacvlad ixsenebs metnaklebad damaxinjebul Canacvlebas.
froidi amtkicebs rom sruliad marTebulia erTi afeqtiT dakavSirebul
warmodgenaTa jgufs vuwodoT “kompleqsi”, ciurixis skolis magaliTze
dayrdnobiT (bleileri da iungi da a. S.). froidi amodis im mosazrebidan, rom
Tuki gandevnili kompleqsis ZiebaSi daveyrdnobiT im ukanasknel mosazrebas,
romelsac gamoTqvams avadmyofi, SesaZlebelia viqonioT imedi daviwyebuli
kompleqsis moZiebisa, Tuki avadmyofi azrebis dinebaSi am Tavisufal azrTa sakmao
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raodenobas iZleva. swored amitom eZleva avadmyofs SesaZlebloba isaubros
yvelaferze rac ki mas TavSi mouva. am SemTxvevaSi fsiqoTeraoevti eyrdnoba
Tvalsazriss, rom avadmyofs SesaZlebelia TavSi mouvides mxolod is, rac
arapirdapir kavSirSia mosaZiebel kompleqsTan. froidi darwmunebulia rom es
aris erTaderTi saSualeba miviwyebuli / dakarguli kompleqsis moZiebisaTvis.
Tuki avadmyofi Cumdeba da amtkicebs rom mas TavSi araferi ar mosdis,
froidi Tvlis rom es aris winaaRmdegobis SeniRbuli moqmedeba, imitom rom ufro
meti dakvirveba dagvarwmunebs azrTa msvlelobis Sewyvetis SeuZleblobaSi. es
SeniRbuli winaaRmdegoba zogierT SemTxvevaSi gamoixateba TavSi mosuli azris
mimarT kritikul damokidebulebasa da mis mniSvnelovnobaze orWofobaSi.
fsiqoTerapevti Tavs icavs msgavsi SemTxvevebisagan – is avadmyofs am
SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb winaswar afrTxilebs da moiTxovs rom azrebis mimarT
kritikuli damokidebuleba gamoiricxos. man unda isaubros yvelaferze. am wesis
Tanaxmad fsiqoTerapevti uzrunvelyofs sakuTar Tavs im masaliT, romelic
aucileblad miiyvans mas gandevnili kompleqsebis kvalamde.
es aris azrTa masala, rasac avamdyofi ar afasebs da risganac Tavs aRwevs,
Tuki is ara eqimis, aramed winaaRmdegobis zemoqmedebis qveS imyofeba. es azrTa
masala fsiqoanalitikosisaTvis warmoadgens jarTs, romlisaganac man axsna
ganmartebis ostatobaze dayrdnobiT Zvirfasi liToni unda gamoadnos. Tuki
fsiqoanalitikoss aqvs survili avadmyofisagan misi kompleqsebis Sesaxeb swrafi
winaswari cnobebi moipovos, am kompleqsebs Soris arsebuli urTierTkavSirebis
gamocnobis dawyebamde, amisaTvis fsiqoTerapevts SeuZlia gamoiyenos
asociaciuri eqsperimenti. (iseTive saxiT, rogorc is aris warmodegnili
iungisa da misi mowafeebis mier).
es meTodi froidma Seadara iseTive Sedegs rogorsac iZleva qimikosisaTvis
xarisxobrivi analizi. aqve froidi aRniSnavs, rom nevrotikebis mkurnalobisas
SegviZlia ar gamoviyenoT es meTodi, magram is aucilebelia kompleqsebis
obieqturi demonstraciisaTvis, aseve fsiqozebis kvlevisas.
magram azrebis damuSaveba aracnobieris kvlevis erTaderT teqnikas ar
warmoadgens. amave mizans emsaxureba kidev sxva ori saSualebac: avadmyofis
sizmrebis axsna-ganmarteba da mcdari da SemTxveviTi qmedebebis gamoyenebac.
froidi gansakuTrebulad aRniSnavs sizmrebis ganmartebisa da analizis
udides mniSvnelobas aracnobieris kvlevis teqnikebs Soris. sizmrebis ganmarteba
warmoadgens samefo gzas aracnobieris Secnobisaken.
froidi Tvlis, rom Ramis sizmrebis produqtebi warmoadgenen erTis mxriv
yvelaze udides garegan msgavsebas da Sinagan kavSirs sulieri avadmyofobis
simptomebTan, meores mxriv isini sruliad Seesabamebian Cvens jansaR cxovrebas.
froidi darwmunebulia rom sruliad sworia is mosazreba, rom visac ar esmis
sizmrebi, “halucinaciebi”, bodviTi ideebi da xasiaTis cvlilebani, mas ar unda
qondes pretenzia avadmyofuri mdgomareobis gamovlinebis gagebaze. am saxis
diletantebs is miakuTvnebs fsiqiatrebs.
froidi axdens sizmrebis problemis zedapirul analizs.
Cveulebriv gamoRviZebisTanave Cven iseTive qedmaRluri damokidebuleba
gvaqvs Cveni sizmrebis mimarT, rogoric aaqvT avamyofebs im SemTxveviTi azrebis
mimarT, romlebic esoden esaWiroeba fsiqoanalitikoss. xSir SemTxvevaSi xdeba
sizmrebis ugulvebelyofa da daviwyeba. msgavsi dabali Sefaseba ukavSirdeba
sizmrebis uCveulo xasiaTs da im absurdulobasa da uazrobas rac zogierT
sizmars axasiaTebs. Cveni zizRi aseve gamowveulia miswrafebebis ganuzomeli
znedacemulobisagan rac vlindeba sizmrebSi saaSkaraod. Tumca Zvel droSi
siamrebis mimarT ar iyo aseTi zizRiani damokidebuleba.
Tumca froidi ver poulobs verafers iseTs ramac SesaZlebelia daamtkicos
sizmrebis winaswarmetyveluri mniSvneloba. maT Sesaxeb bevri sxva ram SeiZleba
iTqvas rac sakmaod gasaocari SeiZleba iyos aseve.
8
pirvelyovlisa froidi aRniSnavs, rom yvela sizmari ar aris CvenTvis esoden
ucxo da gaugebari. mas magaliTis saxiT moyavs bavSvebis sizmrebi, romlebic
warmoadgenen survilebis Sesrulebas, im survilebisa rac bavSvs wina dRes gaCenia.
bavSvebis sizmrebi ar saWiroeben ganmartebas.
zrdasrulTa SemTxvevaSi ki sruliad sapirispirod, sizmrebis Sinaarsi
Zalian gaugebaria da ar warmoadgens survilebis asrulebis asaxvas. am sakiTxze
pasuxi Semdegi saxisaa, sizmrebma damaxinjeba ganicades; maT safuZvelSi mdebare
fsiqikuri procesi, sruliad gansxvavebul sityvier gamoxatulebas poulobs.
aucilebelia sizmris aSkara Sinaarsis gamijvna sizmris faruli
azrebisagan. aSkara Sinaarsi romelsac sityvierad sakmaod didi siZneleebiT
warmosTqvamT diliT da sizmris faruli azri, romelic fsiqikuri aracnobieris
sferoSi imyofeba. sizmrebis amgvari damaxinjebac aris igive procesi, romelsac
gavecaniT isteriuli simptomebis warmoqmnis kvlevisas. es procesi miuTiTebs
imaze, rom sizmrebis warmoqmnisas adgili aqvs sulieri Zalebis iseTive brZolas,
rogorc simptomebis warmoqmnisas. sizmrebis Sinaarsi aris aracnobieri azrebis
damaxinjebuli Canacvleba da swored es damaxinjeba aris mes damcavi Zalebis
amoqmedeba, anu im winaaRmdegobis romelic fxizlobisas gandevnil azrebs /
survilebs cnobierSi SeRwevis SesaZleblobas saerTod ar aZlevs.
imisaTvis rom davrwmundeT sizmrebis faruli azrebis namdvil arsebobaSi
da aseve rom maTsa da aSkara Sinaarss Soris aris garkveuli kavSiri,
SesaZlebelia sizmrebis analizze dayrdnobiT, romlis meTodika fsiqoanalitikur
meTodikas ukavSirdeba. unda gamoiricxos elementebis yovelgvari moCvenebiTi
kavSirebi da unda iyos Sekrebili SemTxveviTi azrebi, romlebic aRmocendebian
Tavisufali asocirebisas sizmris TiToeul elementTan dakavSirebiT. amave dros
unda iyos daculi fsiqoanalizis mTavari wesi. am masalidan faruli azrebis
Sesaxebs cnobebs moipovebT iseve rogorc es xdeba avadmyofis azrebis
SemTxvevaSic, romlis azrebic mis simptomebs da mogonebebs ukavSirdebian, Cven
vigebT misi faruli kompleqsebis Sesaxeb. amgvari gziT mopovebuli azrebis
Sedegad, Tqven mixvdebiT Tu ramdenad marTeblia zrdasrulTa sizmrebic
ganixilebodnen bavSvebis sizmrebis Tanaxmad. is rac aRmoCndeba aSkara Sinaarsis
adgilze sizmris namdvili azris saxiT, warmoadgens ganvlili dRis ganmavlobaSi
Seusrulebeli survilis asrulebas. sizmris namdvili Sinaarsi romelic
gaxsendebaT gamoRviZebisas, SesaZlebelia iyos gansazRvruli rogorc gandevnili
survilebis SeniRbuli asruleba.
am process froidi uwodebs “sizmris muSaobis / moqmedebis” process.
cnobieri da aracnobieri procesebis garda froidi gamoyofs Sededebisa da
и смещение
daZvris procesebs (сгущение). sizmris moqmedeba aris gansxvavebuli fsiqikuri
dajgufebebis urTierTzemoqmedebis calkeuli SemTxveva, sxva sityvebiT – fsiqikis
gaxleCis calkeulis SemTxvevis Sedegi.
amave dros sizmrebis analizisas, gansakuTrebiT sakuTari sizmrebisa,
waawydebiT aRmoCenas: adamianis ganviTarebisas udidesi roli eniWeba
STabeWdilebebsa da SegrZnebebs romelic bavSvs ganucdia adreul asakSi.
sizmrebis samyaroSi bavSvi agrZelebs arsebobas zrdasrulSi Tavisi
gansakuTrebulobebisa da survilebis SenarCunebiT.
amave dros froidi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs imas, rom aracnobieri
iyenebs garkveuli saxis simbolikas, gansakuTrebiT es exeba seqsualuri
kompleqsebis asaxvas, romelic nawilobriv individualurad gansxvavdeba, xolo
nawilobriv ki Seesabameba im simbolikas romelis gamoiyeneba Cvens miTebsa da
zRaprebSi.
froidi aseve aRniSnavs SiSis momgvreli sizmrebis arsebobas da im faqts
rom am SemTxvevaSic sizmari Cveni gandevnili survilis asaxvas warmoadgens.
nevrotuli SiSis safuZveli aris swored is reaqcia, romelic aRmocendeba mes
mier mZlavri survilebis gandevnis SemTxvevaSi.
9
sizmrebis ganmartebis ganxilvis Semdgom froidi gadadis sulieri
fenomenebis mesame jgufze, romelTa Seswavlac aseve warmoadgens
fsiqoanalitikur saSualebas.
es aris SecdomiTi / mcdari qmedebebi, rogorc sulierad jansaRi, aseve
nerviuli adamianebis SemTxvevaSic. Cveulebriv msgavs wvrilmanebs ar aniWeben did
mniSvnelobas. amas miekuTvneba magaliTisaTvis imis daviwyeba rac Zalian kargad
unda icodes adamianma, (sakuTari saxelis daviwyeba). froids moyavs iseTi
umniSvnelo magaliTebi rogoricaa wamocdenebi, Secdomebi marTlwerisas, sagnebis
dakargva an gatexva. saubrisas tanisamosis an sxeulis romelime nawiliT TamaSi
da a. S. mokled is wvrilmanebi rasac ar aqceven yuradRebas rogorc wesi.
msgavsi wvrilmanebi, SecdomiTi, simptomatiuri an SemTxveviTi
qmedebani ar arian moklebuli mniSvnelobas. isini yovelTvis savse arian azriT /
SinaarsiT da SesaZlebelia iyvnen Tavisuflad ganmartebuli im situaciebidan
gamomdinare, sadac warmoiSvebian. maTi analizi iwvevs daskvnas, rom es
miswrafebani TavisTavad gamoxataven impusebsa da swrafvebs, romlebic gandevnilia
/ ganridebulia da unda iyvnen dafaruli cnobierisagan, an pirdapir miekuTvnebian
aracnobier survilebsa da kompleqsebs. aqedan gamomdinare isini iseTive Sefasebas
imsaxureben rogorc es simptomebi da maTi Seswavla SesaZlebelia gvaZlevdes
sulieri cxovrebidan gandevnilis Secnobis Sedegs. maTi meSveobiT adamiani Tavis
yvelaze intimur saidumloebebs avlens.
froidi amaxvilebs yuradRebas imaze, rom fsiqoanalitikosi gamoirCeva
sulieri cxovrebis determinirebulobisadmi rwmeniT. misTvis fsiqikur cxovrebaSi
araferi ar warmoadgens wvrilmans, SemTxveviTs an uneblies. is yvelgan
motivirebis amocnobis molodinSia, iqac, sadac amgvari moTxovna SesaZlebelia
arc ki iyos.
froidi aqve aRniSnavs iseTi movlenebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas
(fsiqoanalizis teqnikis TvalsazrisiT) rogoric aris “gadatana”.
IV
10
Tumca froidi aRniSnavs, rom erTis mxriv simptomebis fsiqoanalitikuri
kvleva ara seqsualur, aramed ubralo banalur travmatul gancdebamde midis.
aucilebeli analitikuri samuSao ar unda SeCerdes avadmyofobis droindel
gancdebze, Tuki miznad aris dasaxuli safuZvliani kvleva da gankurneba. is unda
Seexos sqesobrivi momwifebis periods da SemdgomSi adreuli bavSvobis asaksac,
rom moxdes im STabeWdilebebisa da gancdebis gansazRvra ramac SemdgomSi
avadmyofoba ganapiroba. mxolod da mxolod bavSvobis gancdebi iZlevian Semdgomi
travmebis mimarT mgrZnobelobis axsnas, da mxolod da mxolod am mogonebebis
aRmoCeniTa da gacnobierebiT (es mogonebani xSir SemTxvevaSi daviwyebulia) Cven
movipovebT am simptomebis daZlevis Zalas. am SemTxvevaSi iseTive Sedegs viRebT
rogorc sizmrebis analizisas, - bavSvobidan SemorCenili magram gandevnili
survilebi simptomebis aRmocenebas uwyoben xels. am survilebis gareSe momdevno
travmebze arsebuli reaqcia normalurad warimarTeboda. xolo bavSvobis Zlier
survilebs SesaZlebelia seqsualuri survilebis saxeldeba mivaniWoT.
froidi Tvlis rom bavSvi Tavidanve aris seqsualuri survilebis mflobeli
da anxorcielebs garkvul seqsualur qmedebebsac.
bavSvis seqsualuri instinqti Zalian rTulia; mas axasiaTebs mraval
komponentad daSla, es komponentebi gansxvavebuli wyaroebidan warmoiqmnebian.
upirveles yovlisa, seqsualuri instinqti sruliad ar aris damokidebuli
gamravlebis funqciaze, romlis mizansac is emsaxureba mogvianebiT. is iswrafvis
gansxvavebuli tipis siamovnebebis miRebisaken da miRwevisaken. infantiluri
seqsualobis mTavari wyaro – aris garkveuli saxis gansakuTrebli aRgznebis mqone
sxeulis nawilebis Sesabamisi gaRizianeba, genitaliebis garda, piris, ukana проход
, aseve
kanisa da sxva lorwovani garsebis gaRizianebac. vinaidan bavSvobis am fazaSi
dakmayofileba moipoveba sakuTari sxeulis farglebSi, ar aris gverdiTi obieqtis
yolis saWiroeba. am fazas elisis terminiT froidi autoerotiuls eZaxis. kargi
magaliTia wova ToTo bavSvebis SemTxvevaSi. Semdgomi etapia genitaliebis
masturbaciuli gaRizianeba, rac zogierTi individis mier mTeli cxovrebis
ganmavlobaSi ar aris amowuruli. garda am autoerotiuli qmedebebisa, bavSvs
sakmaod adreul asakSi axasiaTebs seqsualuri dakmayofilebis is komponentebic,
rac obieqtis saxiT sxva pirsac saWiroebs. es komponentebi wyvilSi aRmocendebian
da arian rogorc aqtiuri aseve pasiuri saxisac; froidi asaxelebs sadizms – sxva
pirisadmi tkivilis miniWebisagan siamovnebis gancda da mis pasiuri weevils
mazohizmsac. aseve aqtiuri da pasiuri TvalTvalis survili. TvalTvalis aqtiuri
survilidan SemdgomSi aRmocendeba Semecnebis survili, xolo pasiuri formidan
mxatvrisa da artisitis mdgomareobisadmi swrafva / midrekileba. seqsualuri
qmedebis sxva gamovlinebani ukve miekuTvnebian siyvaruli obieqtis arCevans.
amasTanave mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs am SemTxvevaSi sxva piri, rac
pirvelyovlisa ukavSirdeba TviTgadarCenis instinqts. bavSvobis am periodSi
sqesis sxvaoba ar iZens gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas / rols. amgvarad SesaZlebelia
TiToeul bavSvs homoseqsualuri midrekilebac mivaniWoT.
jer kidev pubertatis periodamde, aRzrdis zegavleniT garkveuli saxis
ltolvebis sakmaod energiulad ganidevnebian, maSinve aRmocendebian iseTi
sulieri Zalebi rogoricaa sircxvili, zizRi, morali, rac mcvelis msgavsad
akavebs am gandevnebs. rodesac pubertatis periodSi aRmocendebian sqesobrivi
moTxovnilebebi, gandevnili reaqtiuli warmonaqmnebisa da winaaRmdegobis formas
iZens, rac SeuZleblad aqcevs gandevnili midrekilebebis / moTxovnilebebis
aRdgenas.
zogadi paTologiis mixedviT nebismieri ganviTareba paTologiuri
winaganwyobis Canasaxs atarebs, kerZod, ganviTarebis procesi SesaZlebelia iyos
Sekavebuli, Senelebuli an arasakmarisi. igive ram exeba seqsualuri funqciis
ganviTarebasac. seqsualuri ganviTareba yvela individuumTan mdored ar
mimdinareobs, aramed zogierT SemTxvevaSi tovebs anomaliebs an winaganwyobas
ufro gviandeli avadmyofobisadmi sapirispiro ganviTarebis gziT (regresia).
11
SesaZlebelia moxdes ise, rom yvela ltolva ar daeqvemdebaros genitaluri zonis
upiratesobas; am SemTxvevaSi damoukideblad darCenili komponenti warmoadgens
imas, rasac vuwodebT perversias da ramac SesaZlebelia Secvalos normaluri
seqsualuri mizani sakuTariT. orive sqesis pirveladi erTmniSvnelovnoba aseve
SesaZlebelia iyos garkveuli gavlenis mqone; mowiful asakSi aqedan gamomdinare
SesaZlebelia iyos warmoqmnili homoseqsualuroba. amgvari darRvevebis mTeli
rigi ganapirobebs seqsualuri funqciis ganviTarebis Sekavebas; amas miekuTvnebian
perversiebi da arc ise iSviaTi SemTxveva seqsualuri cxovrebis infantilizmi.
nevrozebisadmi winaswarganwyoba gansxvavebuli saxiT ukavSirdeba sqesobrivi
ganviTarebis darRvevas. nevrozebi ukavSirdebian perversiebs, rogorc pozitivi
negativs. nevrozis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia iyos dadasturebuli iseTive
komponentebis arseboba, rogorc kompleqsebis matareblebisa da simptomebis
warmomqmnelebis, rac SeiniSneba aseve perversiebisas. magram am SemTxvevaSi isini
aracnobierad moqmedeben. fsiqoanalizi aRmoaCens, rom amgvari ltolvebis
gadametebuli gamovlineba adreul asakSi Taviseburi saxis nawilobriv fiqsacias
ganapirobebs, xolo msgavsi fiqsacia warmoadgens sust wertils seqsualuri
funqciis struqturaSi.
froidi aRwers oidiposis kompleqsis mniSvnelobas da bavSvis
damokidebulebasa da ganwyobas misi mSoblebisadmi da aseve garkveul
urTierTganwyobas da-Zmebs Soris. yvelaferi es safuZvels uyris nebismier
nevrozis birTvul kompleqss da froidi Tvlis rom mosalodnelia misi
aRmoceneba sulieri cxovrebis sxva sferoebSic. is paralels avlebs mefe
oidiposisa da Seqspiris hamletis nawarmoebebTan, sadac pirvel SemTxvevaSi
mSobelTa incestis survilis motivi Riad xolo meore SemTxvevaSi ki farulad
aris gamovlenili.
im periodSi, rodesac bavSvi ganicdis birTvuli kompleqsis zemoqmedebas,
romelic jer kidev ar aris gandevnili, misi gonebrivi moqmedebis
umniSvnelovanesi nawili eZRvneba seqsualur kiTxvebs. misi piradi ltolvebis
gavleniT, rac ganasxvavebs bavSvs zrdasrulisagan, is ayalibebs ramodenime
infantilur seqsualur Teorias, sadac orive sqess msgavsi sasqeso organoebi
mieniWeba, Casaxva xdeba sakvebis miRebiT, xolo dabadeba – defekaciis aqtis
meSveobiT. koituss bavSvi aRiqvams rogorc garkveuli saxis mtrul aqts,
Zaladobas.
sruliad normaluria da gardauvali is, rom bavSvi Tavis seqsualur da
sasiyvarulo saobieqtad sakuTar mSoblebs irCevs. Tumca bavSvis CamoSoreba
mSoblebisagan unda warmoadgendes aseve gardauval amocanas imisaTvis, rom
bavSvis socialur mdgomareobas ar emuqrebodes saSiSroeba.
froidi aRniSnavs, rom fsiqoanalitikuri mkurnaloba SesaZlebelia iyos
moazrebuli rogorc momdevno aRmzrdelobiTi samuSao, infantiluri narCenebis
CamoSorebis TvalsazrisiT.
V.
12
aris yvelaze didi ziani romelic mieniWeba adamians avadmyofobis Sedegad.
froidi Tvlis rom avadmyofebis winaaRmdegoba gamojanmrTelebisadmi ar aris
martivi, is Sedgeba mravali motivisagan. gamojanmrTelebas ewinaaRmdegeba ara
mxolod avadmyofis me, aramed misi seqsualuri ltolvebic.
daukmayofilebeli realobisagan Tavis daRweva avadmyofobaSi arasodes ar
gamoricxavs avadmyofisaTvis uSualo mogebas siamovnebis TvalsazrisiT. amgvari
Tavis daRweva xorcieldeba sapirispiro ganviTarebis meoxebiT (regresiiT),
seqsualuri cxovrebis ganvlili fazebisadmi dabrunebiT, romlebic Tavis droze
ganapirobebdnen dakmayofilebas. amgvari regresia vlindeba froidis azriT
ormxrivia: pirvelyovlisa es aris droebiTi regresia, romelic mdgomareobs imaSi
rom libido, erotiuli moTxovnileba brundeba ganviTarebis winare fazebze. da
meores mxriv formaluri, romelic mdgomareobs imaSi, rom erotiuli
moTxovnilebis gamovlena Tavs iCens pirvelyofili primitiuli saSualebebiT.
regresiis orive saxeoba ukavSirdeba bavSvobas da sqesobrivi cxovrebis
infantiluri mdgomareobis aRdgenas.
froidi xazs usvams im garemoebas rom adamianebi xSirad mimarTaven
fantasias vinaidan realoba yovelTvis ar Seesabameba moTxovnilebebsa da
SesaZleblobebs. misi azriT energiuli da Sromisunariani adamiani aris swored
is, vinc axerxebs sakuTari fantaziebis realobaSi ganxorcielebas. sadac es ar
aris SesaZlebeli garemo faqtorebis gamo, individuumi tovebs realobas da
iZireba sakuTar fantastiur samyaroSi, romelic misTvis ufro metad aris
damakmayofilebeli. daavadebis SemTxvevaSi am fantastiuri samyaros Sinaarsi
vlindeba simptomebis saxiT. Tuki realobisadmi mtrulad ganwyobili pirovneba
amasTanave mxatvruli niWiTac aris dajildovebuli, mas SeuZlia Tavisi
fantaziebi gamoxatos ara simptomebis, aramed mxatvruli qmnilebebis saxiT, riTac
is Tavs aRwevs nevrozss da amgvari movliTi gziT ubrundeba isev realobas.
froidi Tvlis, rom Cvens droSi nevrozi Canacvlebulia monasteriT, vinaidan iq
midian isini, vinc cxovrebaSi imedgacruebulia an cxovrebisaTvis Tavs zedmetad
sustad Tvlis.
froidi midis im daskvnamde, rom nevrozebs ar gaaCniaT mxolod maTTvis
damaxasiaTebeli Sinaarsi, mas moyavs iungis sityvebi: nevrotikebi itanjebian imave
kompleqsebiT, rasac ebrZvian janmrTeli adamianebi.
froidi aseve aRniSnavs, rom yovelTvis, rodesac mimdinareobs nevrotikis
kvleva, avadmyofi xSirad avlens arasasiamovno gadatanis movlenas, mas gadaaqvs
eqimze nazi da xSir SemTxvevaSi mtruli ganwyobis mqone grZnobebic. es faqti
metyvelebs imaze, rom nevrozis mamoZravebeli Zala seqsualuria.
imis gamo, rom avadmyofi ver ixsenebs Tavis grZnobebTan dakavSirebuli
cxovrebis raime nawils, is ganicdis amas eqimTan mimarTebaSi da mxolod da
mxolod gadatanisas am gancdis gamo, is rwmundeba am aracnobieri seqsualuri
ltolvebis arsebobasa da simZlavreSi. am SemTxvevaSi froidi iyenebs qimiis
Sedarebas da ambobs, rom is simptomebi, romlebic warmoadgenen warsuli
sasiyvarulo gancdebis naleqs, SesaZlebelia gaqrnen mxolod da mxolod
gadatanis gancdis maRali temperaturis Sedegad. mxolod maSin aris SesaZlebeli
maTi gadayvana sxva fsiqikur produqtebSi. ferenCis gamoTqmiT eqimi asrulebs am
reaqciis katalizatoruli fermentis funqcias, romelic ganTavisuflebul
afeqtebs droebiT Tavisken miizidavs. swored gadatanis Seswavla iZleva
SesaZleblobas hipnoturi STagonebis wvdomisaTvis.
froidi aRniSnavs rom gadatana xdeba nebismieri saxis urTierTobebis
SemTxvevaSic da yvela SemTxvevaSi is atarebs Terapiuli zemoqmedebis
mniSvnelobas. aqedan gamomdinare fsiqoanalizi ar qmnis gadatanebs, is mxolod da
mxolod gaumxels cnobierebas maTi arsebobis Sesaxeb da eufleba maT imisaTvis
rom fsiqikuri gancdebi sasurveli miznisaken warmarTos.
13
sqesobrivi ltolvis TeoriisTvis
I. seqsualuri gadaxrebi
a. inversia
invertirebulebis qceva
degeneracia
degeneracias miakuTvneben gansxvavebuli tipis daavadebebs, romelnic ar arian
travmatuli da infeqciuri warmoSobis. am SemTxvevaSi sasurvelia Tuki ar visaubrebT
degeneraciaze:
1. im SemTxvevaSi rodesac ar arsebobs normisagan mZime gadaxra;
2. im SemTxvevaSi rodesac Sromisunarianoba da sicocxlisunarianoba mTlianobaSi mZimed
dazianebuli ar aris.
Zalian bevri faqti metyvelebs imaze rom invertirebulebi ar arian degeneratulebi.
14
1. inversia gvxvdeba iseT pirebTan romelTac ar gaaCniaT normisagan sxva seriozuli
gadaxra.
2. umravlesoba im pirTagan visi Sromisunarianoba da eTikuri kultura aris maRal
ganviTarebuli, aseve inteleqtic arian invertirebulni.
3. Tuki sruliad ganze gavdgebiT yovelgvari samedicino kvlevebisagan, vxvdeviT ori
mimarTulebis mqone faqts: 1) antikur xanaSi inversia miRebuli iyo garkveuli
instituciebis mier. 2) is gavrcelebuli iyo velur da primitiul xalxebs Soris da
aqedan gamomdinare rasobrivi da klimaturi zegavlenac am SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelobis mqone
iyo.
Tandayoliloba
inversiis axsna
froidi svams kiTxvas aris Tu ara sakmarisi gansxvavebuli movlenebis arseboba inversiis
warmoqmnis asaxsnelad, Tu kidev arsebobs pirovnebaSi raRac, rac am zegavlenebze pasuxisaTvis
iyo mzad.
biseqsualurobis Sesavali
am SemTxvevaSi froids moyavs magaliTi imisa, rom anatomiaSi arsebobs iseTi SemTxvevebic
rodesac sqesobrivi gansxvavebis moxdena rTulia. amgvari pirebis genitaliebi Seicaven rogorc
mamakacur aseve qalur niSanTvisebebsac (hermafroditizmi).
anatomiuri hermafroditizmis cnobili donea, rodesac TiToeul normalurad mowyobil
qalur an mamakacur individs gaaCnia sxva sqesis aparatis Canasaxic, romelic SenarCunebulia
rudimentaluri organos saxiT romelTac ar gaaCniaT funqcia, an iZenen sxva funqciebs vidre es
maTTvis aris Sesabamisi.
amgvari anatomiuri faqtebidan gamomdinare arsebuli Sexeduleba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom
arsebobs pirveladi biseqsualuri ganwyobis daSveba, romelic iZens monoseqsualurobis
ganviTarebas, amave dros SenarCunebulia sxva sqesisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSanTvisebebic.
froidis azriT sruliad marTebuli iqneboda am Sexedulebis gadatana fsiqikur sferoSi
da moxdes inversiis gacnobiereba gansxvavebuli formebiT, msgavs SemTxvevaSi rogorc fsiqikuri
hermafroditizmisa.
fsiqikuri hermafroditizmi iqneboda ufro xelSesaxebi, Tuki obieqtis sqesobrivi
inversiis paralelurad masSi aseve moxdeboda sxva sulieri maxasiaTeblebis cvlilebac. Tumca
amgvari invertirebulobis aRmoCena garkveuli regularulobiT SesaZlebelia invertirebuli
qalebis SemTxvevaSi. inversiis mqone mamakacebs SenarCunebuli aqvT sulieri mamakacuroba. igive
iTqmis somatur ormag sqesobrivobaze.
15
invertirebulebis sqesobrivi obieqti
daskvna
am SemTxvevaSi froidi ZiriTadad saubrobs im zizRis Sesaxeb romelic amave dros gaaCnia
individs. yuradReba aris gamaxvilebuli zizRis momentze, romelic xelis SemSlelia
seqsualuri obieqtis libidonozuri gadafasebisaTvis, magram gadailaxeba libidos mier. swored
am zizRidan gamomdinare aRiqmeba perversiad genitaliebisa da piris an tuCebis Sexebisas.
seqsualuri obieqtis sxeulis sxva nawilebis flobisadmi swrafva aris misi sruli
flobis gamovlineba. magram am SemTxvevaSi froidi aRniSnavs rom sxeulis zogierTi nawili
piris lorwovani garsi da ukana nawili rac xSir SemTxvevaSi gvxvdeba amgvari kombinaciebisas,
avlenen erTgvar midrekilebas rom isini Sefasdnen rogorc genitaliebi da maT moepyrnen amis
Sesabamisad.
17
seqsualuri obieqtis Seusabamo Canacvleba – fetiSizmi
sadizmi da mazohizmi
18
mazohizmi aris sadizmis gagrZeleba, romelic momarTulia sakuTar Tavze/pirovnebaze, romelic
droebiT enacvleba seqsualur obieqts.
kacobriobis kulturis istoria amtkicebs rom daundobloba da sqesobrivi ltolva
ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs, magram am kavSiris asaxsnelad libidos agresiuli momentis xazgasmis
garda ganviTareba ver moxerxda. froidi xazs usvams kanibalur miswrafebebsac
am perversiis yvelaze didi gansakuTrebuloba mdgomareobs imaSi rom misi aqtiuri da
pasiuri formebic vlindeba erTsa da imave pirovnebaSi.
variaciebi da avadmyofoba
froidi axdens daskvnas rom yvela saxis amaRlebuli da mdabio mWidrod ukavSirdeba
seqsualurobas.
ori daskvna
fsiqoanalizi
froidi Tvlis rom seqsualuri energia ara mxolod avsebs is Zalebs, romlebic
garkveulwilad kvebaven avadmyofur movlenebs (simptomebs), aramed amticebs rom es ltolvebi
warmoadgenen nevrozis erTaderT mudmiv da yvelaze mniSvnelovan wyaros, ase rom am pirebis
seqsualuri cxovreba vlindeba upiratesad, mxolod an nawilobriv am simptomebis saxiT.
fsiqoanalizi xsnis isteriulebis simptomebs im varaudidan gamomdinare, rom es
simptomebi Canacvlebas, TiTqos da mTeli rigi afeqturi sulieri procesebis transkrifcias
warmoadgenen, romelic xdeba gansakuTrebuli fsiqikuri procesis (gandevnis) Sedegad. swored
es Sekavebuli aracnobier mdgomareobaSi myofi azrebi iswrafvian gamoxatvisaken da isteriis
SemTxvevaSi pouloben gamosavals konversiis procesSi somaturi fenomenebis saxiT, -
isteriuli simptomebi igulisxmeba.
fsiqoanalizis Sedegebi
19
aqedan gamomdinare gaxda cnobili rom simptomebi warmoadgenen Tavis Tavad swrafvebis
Canacvlebas, romlebic Tavis Zalas poveben seqsualuri ltolvis wyaroebSi.
isteriul xasiaTSi vlindeba garkveuli donis seqsualuri gandevna, romelic normaluris
farglebs scildeba, am SemTxvevaSi amaRlebulia winaaRmdegoba seqsualuri ltolvis mimarT,
rac cnobilia CvenTvis rogorc sircxvili, zizRi, morali, da erTgvari instinqturi Tavis
daRweva seqsualuri problemis Sesaxeb inteleqtualuri saubrebisagan, rac gamoxatulia sruli
umecrebiT seqsualuris Sesaxeb sqesobrivi mowifulobis asakis miRwevis periodSic ki.
ltolvis moTxovnisa da uaryofis ukuqmedebidan gamomdinare konfliqti povebs
gamosavals avadmyofobaSi, romelic ver axdens kofliqtis gadawyvetas, aramed cdilobs misgan
(gadawyvetisagan) daaRwios Tavi rasac axdens libidonozuri ltolvis gardasaxviT simptomSi.
Tuki isteriuli adamiani, avad xdeba garkveuli banaluri sulieri xdomilobis gamo, im
konfliqtidan gamomdinare romlis centrSic ar imyofeba seqsualuri interesi, amgvari tipis
gamonaklisi mxolod moCvenebiTia. am SemTxvevaSi fsiqoanalizs yovelTvis SeuZlia daadasturos
rom konfliqtis mxolod seqsualuri komponenti qmnis avadmyofobis SesaZleblobas.
nevrozi da perversia
20
gamomdinare. gaRizianebis erT saxeobas Cven veZaxiT seqsualurs da gaRizianebis organos
“erogenul zonas” vuwodebT.
akviatebulobis nevrozis dros, yvelaze did mniSvnelobas iZens impulsebis Rirebuleba,
romlebic qmnian axal seqsualur miznebs, rac rogorc Cans damoukidebelia erogenuli
zonebisagan. magaliTad eqsgibicionizmisa da TvalTvalisagan miRebuli siamovnebis dros
erogenul zonas Tvali warmoadgens. igive SesaZlebelia iTqvas kanis Sesaxeb, rodesac
seqsualuri ltolvisas daundoblobisa da tkivilis miyenebis konponentia CarTuli, zogierT
adgilas kani diferencirebas ganicdis da modificirdeba lorwovani garsis saxiT, rogorc
erogenuli zona.
infantiluri seqsualuroba
infantiluri amnezia
21
froidi xazs usvams erT-erT fsiqikur fenomens, romelsac uwodebs Tavisebur amnezias.
es movlena vrceldeba 6, 8 wlamde asakze umetes SemTxvevebSi (magram ara yvela SemTxvevaSi).
amave dros fsiqologiuri gamokvlevebis warmoebis SemTxvevaSi davrwmundebiT, rom is
STabeWdilebebi, romelic Cven faqtiurad daviwyebuli gvaqvs, toveben kvals Cvens sulier
cxovrebaSi da axdenen gadamwyvet zegavlenas Cvens momdevno ganviTarebaze. saubari aris iseTi
tipis amneziaze, romelsac adgili aqvs nevrotikebis SemTxvevaSi da romlis arsic mdgomareobs
imaSi, rom ar moxdes am STabeWdilebebis cnobierebaSi daSveba (moxdes gandevna).
garkveulwilad kavSiri myardeba nevrotikebisa da bavSvebis sulier cxovrebas Soris.
froidi xazs usvams im faqts rom arsebobs bevri movlena romelic SemdgomSi adamians
aviwydeba, magram sxvebze warmoebuli fsiqologiuri kvlevidan gamomdinare SesaZlebelia
davrwmundeT, rom swored is STabeWdilebani romlebic dagvaviwyda, sakmaod did zegavlenas
axdenen Cvens sulier cxovrebaze da gadamwyveti mniSvnelobis iyvnen Cveni momdevno
ganviTarebisaTvis. aq saubaria ara im SemTxvevaze rodesac sruliad ikargeba mexsiereba, aramed
amneziis Sesaxeb, romelic SeimCneba nevrotikebTan da romlis arsic mdgomareobs imaSi, rom ar
moxdes cnobierebaSi daSveba (gandevna moxdes).
amasTanave froidi xazs usvams im faqts, rom infantiluri amneziis arsebobakidev erT
kavSirs ganapirobebs fsiqonevrotikisa da bavSvis sulieri cxovrebis Sedarebisas. Cven ukve
ganvixileT sxva saxis kavSiri, rodesac saubari gvqonda im formulasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis
mixedviTac fsiqonevrotikis seqsualuroba bavSvur safexurzea SenarCunebuli an ubralod
daubrunda am stadias.
froidi Tvlis rom infantiluri amnezias, romelic faravs adamianisaTvis mis bavSvobas
da misive sqesobrivi cxovrebis dasawyiss, gamomdinareobs im faqtidan, rom zogadad bavSvobis
asaks saerTod ar aniWeben mniSvnelobas seqsualuri cxovrebis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT.
froidi saubrobs imis Sesaxeb rom bavSvs dabadebidanve Tan axlavs seqsualuri cxovrebis
Canasaxebi da am Canasaxebis ganviTareba garkveul periodSi iTrguneba, xolo SemdgomSi xdeba am
dabrkolebis garRveva momdevno seqsualuri ganviTarebiT, romelic SesaZlebelia iyos
Sekavebuli individualuri maxasiaTeblebidan gamomdinare. am oscilirebadi ganviTarebis
Sesaxeb cota ram aris cnobili, magram 3, 4 wlis bavSvebis seqsualuri cxovreba vlindeba
dakvirvebisaTvis misawvdomi formebiT.
seqsualuri Sekavebani/dabrkolebebi
wova
autoerotizmi
froidi aRniSnavs, rom kanis an lorwovani garsis nebismieri sxva adgili SesaZlebelia
gaxdes erogenuli zonis funqciis matarebeli. aqedan gamomdinare gaRizianebis xarisxi ufro
meti mniSvnelobis mqonea siamovnebis SegrZnebis gamomwvevasTan mimarTebaSi, vidre sxeulis
nawilis adgilmdebareoba. Tuki wovis moyvaruli bavSvi raime obieqts miagnebs, magaliTad ZuZus
kerts, an genitaliebs da mieCveva mis upiratesobas, maSin es misTvis iqneba ukve upiratesi
adgili. analogiuri morgebuloba SeiniSneba isteriis simptomatologiaSic.
erogenuli da isterogenuli zonebi gansxvavdebian msgavsi niSanTvisebebiT.
23
infantiluri ltolvebis seqsualur mizans warmoadgens is, rom garkveulwilad
miRebuli iyos dakmayofileba SerCeuli erogenuli zonis Sesabamisi gaRizianebis Sedegad.
CvenTvis ukve cnobilia tuCebis zona. sxva nawilebic Segvxvdeba rogorc seqsualurobis
wyaroebi. dakmayofilebis ganmeorebis mdgomareoba vlindeba ormxrivad/ormagad: daZabulobis
gansakuTrebuli SegrZnebiT, romelsac ufro metad arasasiamovno SegrZneba SeiZleba vuwodoT,
romelic aris ganpirobebuli centralurad da proecirebulia periferiul erogenul zonebze.
ukanalis zona tuCebis zonis msgavsad Tavisi ganlagebis mixedviT Sesabamisia saimisod,
rom sxeulis sxva funqciebTan erTad seqsualur, erogenul zonad iqces. am nawilis erogenuli
mniSvneloba Tavdapirvelad unda iyos sakmaod mniSvnelovnad warmodgenili. xSir SemTxvevaSi am
zonas mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi SenarCunebuli aqvs garkveuli donis gaRizianebadoba.
froidis azriT ar aris marTebuli gemoroidaluri movlenebis ignorireba,
romlisaTvisac Zveli drois medicinas miniWebuli qonda nevrotuli mdgomareobis axsna-
ganmartebisas udidesi mniSvneloba.
bavSvebi romlebic erogenuli zonis gaRizianebas axdenen, xSir SemTxvevaSi ikaveben kuWSi
gasvlas, rom SemdgomSi didi raodenobis ganavalma moaxdinos lorwovani garsis gaRizianeba.
amasTanave tkivilTan erTad aseve sasiamovno SegrZnebac Cndeba. nevrozulobis pirveli niSania
rodesac bavSvs ar aqvs drouli kuWSi gasvlis survili.
aseve ganavlis mimarT bavSvs kidev sxva saxis damokidebulebac aqvs, is mas Tvlis
sakuTari sxeulis nawilad, afasebs mas rogorc “saCuqars”, swored am mniSvnelobidan
gamomdinare is mogvianebiT iZens “bavSvis” mniSvnelobas, romelic erT-erTi infantiluri
seqsualuri Teoriis Tanaxmad Caisaxeba sakvebis miRebisas da ibadeba saWmlis momnelebeli
sistemidan.
fekaluri masebis Sekaveba, nevropatebTan xSirad arsebuli kuWis Sekrulobebis mizezs
warmoadgens.
analuri zonis masturbaciuli gaRizianeba TiTiT sakmaod xSiria zrdasruli asakis
bavSvebTan.
erogenul zonebs Soris aris iseTi romelsac ar eniWeba pirveladi roli da romelic
ver iqneba seqsualuri gancdebis matarebeli Tavdapirvelad, magram momavalSi ukve mniSvnelovani
xdeba. biWisac da gogos SemTxvevaSic es aris Sardis gamoyofasTan dakavSirebuli zona. am
erogenuli zonis seqsualuri gamovlinebani romlebic miekuTvnebian sqesobriv nawilebs,
warmoadgenen “normaluri” sqesobrivi cxovrebis dasawyiss.
anatomiuri ganlagebidan gamomdinare, gamoyofisagan gamowveuli gaRizianebebiTa, dabaniT
da nebismieri higienuri procesidan gamomdinare gaCenili siamovnebis SegrZnebebi bavSvis
yuradRebas ipyroben da iwveven maTi ganmeorebis moTxovnilebas. swored siyrmiseuli onanizmis
formidan gamomdinare (saeWvoa rom vinme ar anxorcielebdes am qmedebas) mtkicdeba am
erogenuli zonis momavali primate sqesobrivi aqtivobis dros. qmedeba romelic iwvevs
siamovnebas mdgomareobs xaxunSi an barZayebis refleqtorul daWeraSi. es ukanaskneli gvxvdeba
gogonebs SemTxvevaSi. biWis mier ganxorcielebul masturbaciul aqtSi is upiratesoba romelic
mieniWeba xels, miuTiTebs im faqtze Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovan damatebas miiRebs dauflebisadmi
swrafva mamakacis sqesobriv qmedebaSi.
24
froidi miuTiTebs, rom arsebobs infantiluri masturbaciis sami faza. pirveli
miekuTvneba yrmobis periods, meore – seqsualuri gamovlinebebis xanmokle gamovlinebas, oTxi
wlis asakis periodSi, mesame Seesabameba sqesobrivi mowifulobis periodSi onanizmis
gamovlinebebs.
polimorful-perversiuli winaganwyoba
calkeuli midrekilebani
Semecnebisadmi ltolva/swrafva
sfinqsis amocana
dabadebis Teoria
froidi asaxelebs Teorias romlis mixedviTac bavSvebi warmoiSobian mas Semdeg rac xdeba
raime sakvebis miReba da SemdgomSi isini ibadebian saWmlis momnelebeli sistemidan.
Tuki xdeba ise rom bavSvi xdeba zrdasrulebs Soris seqsualuri aqtis mowme, xSir
SemTxvevaSi is aRiqvams mas rogorc garkveuli saxis sadistur qmedebas – Zaladobas, agresias
da a. S. saidanac gamomdinareobs varaudi rom bavSvs ar SeuZlia raime seqsualuri Sinaarsis
aRqma. fsiqoanalizi gvaZlevs saSualebas gavigoT rom msgavsi tipis naadrevi STabeWdileba
safuZvels iZleva rom mogvianebiT moxdes seqsualuri miznis sadisturi gadaxra.
zogadad bavSvis seqsualuri Teoriebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba iTqvas, rom isini warmoadgenen
bavSvis seqsualuri konstituciis asaxvas.
bavSvebi sakmaod kargad amCneven im cvlilebebs romelic gamowveulia dedis orsulobiT
da zRapari weros Sesaxeb maTTvis ukve aRar JRers damajereblad. magram sakuTriv
ganayofierebis organos Sesaxeb bavSvi verasodes ver xvdeba, rac faqtiurad mTavrdeba imiT, rom
bavSvebis kvlevebi unayofo rCeba.
Tumca seqsualuri kvleva mniSvnelovan safexurs warmoadgens samyaroSi damoukidebeli
orientirebis pirveli nabijebis TvalsazrisiT.
pregenitaluri organizaciebi
ambivalentoba
SeiZleba iTqvas rom obieqtis arCevani xdeba ori drois monakveTSi, ori biZgidan
gamomdinare. pirveli biZgi iwyeba 2-dan 5 wlamde da latenturi periodis ganmavlobaSi
SeCerebulia an regress ganicdis; is gamoirCeva Tavisi seqsualuri miznebis infantiluri
bunebiT. meore iwyeba sqesobrivi momwifebis dasawyisSi da saboloo seqsualuri cxovrebis
formas ganapirobebs.
obieqtis infantiluri SerCevis Sedegebi aisaxeba cxovrebis ufro gviandel periodSi; an
xdeba maTi SenarCuneba, an gamococxleba sqesobrivi cxovrebis dawyebisas.
obieqtis arCevani sqesobrivi simwifis dros ukve unda uaryofdes infantilur obieqtebs
da ganaxldes rogorc grZnobis dineba.
27
froidis dakvirvebidan gamomdinare seqsualuri gaRizianeba aRmocendeba: a) rogorc
dakmayofilebis ganaxleba, romelic iyo gancdaSi sxva organul procesebTan kavSirSi; b)
periferiuli zonebis Sesabamisi gaRizianebidan gamomdinare; g) rogorc ganpirobebuli iseTi
“ltolvebis” arsebobidan gamomdinare, rogoricaa ltolva TvalTvalisa da daundoblobisadmi.
erogenuli zonebis Seswalisas aRmoCnda, rom kanis es nawilebi gamoirCevian garkveuli
saxis gaRizianebulobiT, romelic Cveulia kanis mTeli zedapirisaTvis.
meqanikuri gaRizianebebi
garda amisa froidi amatebs, rom seqsualuri gaRizianebis wyaro aseve SesaZlebelia iyos
sxeulis ritmuli, meqanikuri ryeviT miRebuli aRznebadobebi. is ganasxvavebda sami saxis
gaRizianebas: vestibularuli nervebis mgrZnobelobiTi aparati, kani da sxeulis siRrmiseuli
nawilebi (kunTebi, myesebis aparati).
sxeulis meqanikuri SeryeviT miRebuli siamovnebis dasturs warmoadgens is faqti, rom
bavSvebs ase uyvarT iseTi tipis pasiuri TamaSebi rogoricaa rweva, haerSi agdeba, ris
gameorebasac iTxoven xolme.
froidi Tvlis rom igive ryeviTi moZraobebi, matarebliT an ekipaJiT mgzavrobis dros,
SesaZlebelia iyvnen dakavSirebuli moZraobiTi SegrZnebebis woviT xasiaTTan, maTi
seqsualurobac aseve swored aqedan gamomdinareobs. Tuki amas davamatebT gandevnas, rac
sapirispirod aqcevs yvelafers, rasac bavSvebi upiratesobas aniWeben, maSin SeiZleba iTqvas rom
mozardobisas da zrdasrul asakSic, zogierTi igive garemoebaze (matarebliT mgzavroba an raime
sxva) reagirebs gulis revis SegrZnebiT, iRlebian mgzavrobisagan, an SiSis Setevebs avlenen da
Tvs arideben mgzavrobas saerTod.
muskulaturis muSaoba
afeqturi procesebi
naklebad aris saeWvo bavSvis seqsualuri gaRizianebis sxva wyaroebi. uSualo dakvirvebiT
SesaZlebelia gamovitanoT daksvna, rom yvela afeqturi procesi, is aRgznebac ki romelic
gamoiwveva SiSisagan, gadaecema seqsualurobas. froids moyavs gamocdis wina nerviulobis
magaliTebi. rTuli amocanebis amoxsnasTan dakavSirebuli daZabuloba SesaZlebelia gadaiqces
seqsualuri gaRizianebis afeTqebad. am SemTxvevaSi Cndeba gamRizianebeli SegrZnebebi, rac maT
aiZulebT genitaliebze xelis mokidebisaken, iwvevs poluciis msgavs process.
inteleqtualuri Sroma
garda amisa froidis azriT sakmaod advilia davrwmundeT imaSi, rom mravali
axalgazrdisaTvis daZabuli gonebrivi samuSao iwvevs seqsualur gaRizianebas. swored es aris
namdvili safuZveli nervuli daavadebebisa, romlebic xSir SemTxvevaSi pouloben saeWvo
ganmartebas gonebrivi “gadatvirTvis” momizezebiT.
28
a) gansxvavebuli seqsualuri konstituciebi
yvelaze arsebiTi rac mowifulobis Tanmxlebia aris is rac Tvals yvelaze metad xvdeba,
- garegani genitaliebis aSkara gazrda. risi zrdis Seferxebazec axdens gavlenas bavSvobis
latenturi periodi. amave dros Sinagani genitaliebis zrda imdenad ganviTarda, rom maT
sqesobrivi produqtebis gamoyofis unaric aqvT an maTi SeTvisebisa axali arsebis SeqmnisaTvis.
amgvarad warmoiqmna Zalian rTuli aparati, romelic elis rom is gamoiyenon.
es aparati unda amoqmeddes. dakvirvebebi gviCveneben, rom gamRizianeblebma masSi sami gzis
saSualebiT SeiZleba SeaRwion: gare samyarodan, CvenTvis ukve nacnobi erogenuli zonebis
aRgznebiT; Sinagani organoebidan da im gzebiT romelTa kvlevac jer kidev saWiro iqneba,
sulieri cxovrebidan, romelic TavisTavad garegani STabeWdilebebis saganZuri da Sinagani
aRgznebebis mimRebia. yvela am sami gziT miiReba is mdgomareoba, romelsac “seqsualuri
aRgzneba” ewodeba da romelic ori saxis niSniT vlindeba, sulieriTa da somaturiT. sulieri
niSnebi daZabulobis Tavisebur SegrZnebaSi vlindebian romelsac ukiduresad impulsuri xasiaTi
gaaCnia: garegani cvilebebidan pirvel rigSi SeimCneva genitaliebis mTeli rigi cvlilebebi, rac
seqsualuri aqtisaTvis mzaobaze metyvelebs.
seqsualuri aRznebuloba
30
froidi amtkicebs, rom is varaudi, romlis mixedviTac seqsualuri daZabuloba TviT
tkbobidan warmoiqmneba ubralod gamoricxulia, vinaidan ukiduresi tkbobis SemTxvevaSic ki ar
warmoiqmneba aranairi daZabuloba, piriqiT daZabuloba qreba am SemTxvevaSi. aqedan gamomdinare
seqsualuri daZabuloba da tkboba SesaZlebelia arapirdapiri gzebiT iyvnen dakavSirebuli.
qimiuri Teoria
libidos Teoria
froidis sityvebiT man gamoimuSava libidos iseTi cneba, romlis mixedviTac libido
warmoadgens raodenobrivad cvalebad Zalas, romelsac ZaluZs seqsualuri aRgznebis sferoSi
arsebuli yvela procesisa da gardaqmnebis gazomva. am libidos ganasxvaveben energiisagan,
romelic ZiriTadad sulieri procesebis safuZvelSi unda moTavsdes, riTac mas aseve
31
gansakuTrebuli xarisxobrivi mniSvneloba mieniWeba. perverziebisa da fsiqonevrozebis analizma
dagvarwmuna, rom seqsualuri aRgzneba warmoiqmneba ara mxolod egret wodebuli sqesobrivi
organoebidan, aramed sxeulis yvela organodan. aqedan gamomdinare aRmocendeba warmodgena
libidos garkveuli raodenobis Sesaxeb, fsiqikurad warmodgenili me-libido (Ich libido) romlis
produqciam unda mogvaniWos fsiqoseqsualuri fenomenebis axsnis SesaZlebloba.
magram misi analitikuri kvleva SesaZlebelia mxolod maSin, rodesac am libidom
fsiqikuri gamoyeneba moipova, rom moaxdinos seqsualur obieqtebTan dakavSireba, libido-
obieqtad gardaqmna.
rac Seexeba obieqti-libidos beds SesaZlebelia kidev erTi maxasiaTeblis Sesaxeb
aRniSvna, rodesac is CamoSorebulia obieqtebisagan is daZabulobis mdgomareobaSia datovebuli
da bolos isev ubrundeba “mes”, ase rom is isev “me-libidod” iqceva. me-libidos, obieqt-
libidos sapirispirod, froidi narcisistul libidos eZaxis. aqve yalibdeba warmodgena
libidos orive formis urTierTobis Sesaxeb. narcisistuli libido, an “me-libido”, froids
ufro metad warmoudgenia rogorc didi rezervuari, romlidanac wargzavnilia mijaWvulobani
obieqtebis mimarT, rac Semdeg isev ukan brundeba; narcisistuli mijaWvuloba da libidos
mijaWvuloba “mesTan” froidma gaaigiva im mdgomareobasTan, romelic ganxorcilelebuli iyo
adreul bavSvobaSi, romelic mxolod da mxolod SeniRbulia gviandeli wanazardebis
daxmarebiT, magram arsebiTad is isev ucvlelia.
froidis azriT sirTule mdgomareobs imaSi, rom fsiqoanalizis rogorc kvlevis meTodi, jer-
jerobiT iZleva cnobebs mxolod da mxolod obieqt-libidos saxecvlilebebis Sesaxeb, xolo
“me-libidos” “me”-s danarCeni moqmedi energiebisagan gancalkeveba mas ar ZaluZs.
froidi garda amisa kidev amatebs, rom mdedrobiTi sqesis bavSvis SemTxvevaSic erogenuli
zona mdebareobs klitorSi, aqedan gamomdinare is homologiuria gacis genitaliur zonasTan,
kacis sasqeso organos TavTan. (homologiuri – 1) biologiuri struqturebi romlebic
struqturis tipiTa da warmoSobiT arian msgavsni, magram aucilebeli ar aris
qondeT msgavsi funqcia. cxenis wina fexi da Citis frTa homologiuri
struqturebia. es aris biollogis mier analogis gamoyenebis kontrasti, sadac
funqcia msgavsia, magram warmoSoba da struqtura gansxvavebulia, magaliTad
Citisa da futkris frTebi. 2) qceva, romelic msgavs kavSirs gamoxatavs,
magaliTad teritoriis SegrZneba babuinebTan homologiurad miiCneva homo
sapiensTa teritoriis SegrZnebasTan). yvelaferi rac ki froids SeeZlo gaego gogos
masturbaciasTan dakavSirebiT exeboda klitorsda ara garegani genitaliebis nawilebTan. froidi
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ambobs, rom visac surs patara gogos qalad Camoyalibebis gageba, man klitoris aRgznebis
ganviTareba unda Seiswavlos. sqesobrivi momwifebis periodi, romelic biWisaTvis libidos
mZlavr afeTqebas warmoadgens, gogosTan gandevnis axalis talRis saxiT vlindeba. amasTanave am
gandevnas mamakacis seqsualuri cxovrebis garkveuli nawilic eqvemdebareba. qalis gandevnis
safuZvelze aRmocenebuli seqsualuri Sekaveba mamakacis libidos gaRizianebas iwvevs da misi
seqsualuri qmedebis gaZlierebas iwvevs. libidos amaRleba seqsualuri gadafasebis gaZlierebas
iwvevs, romelic sruli saxiT SesaZlebelia mxolod sakuTari seqsualobis uarmyofi qalisadmi
gamovlindes. xSir SemTxvevaSi qali aris anesTetiuri. amgvari anesTezia SesaZlebelia didi xnis
ganmavlobaSi gagrZeldes, rodesac klitoris zona ar gadascems gaRizianebas. es ganpirobebulia
misi aqtiuri qmedebiT bavSvobis asakSi. cnobilia rom qalis anesTezia aris mxolod moCvenebiTi,
lokaluri. anesTeziis am erogenul mizezebs aseve uerTdeba fsiqikuri mizezebic, rac aseve
gandevniT aris ganpirobebuli.
Tuki erogenuli gaRizianebis gadatana SesaZlebeli aRmoCnda, qals is zona ecvleba,
romelic udides mniSvnelobas iZens momdevno seqsualur cxovrebaSi, xolo mamakacs
bavSvobidanve zona erTsa da imave adgilas aqvs. swored am wamyvani erogenuli zonis
gadanacvlebisa da aseve gandevnis talRis mizeziT, romelic sqesobrivi mowifulobis
asakisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, upiratesad qalebis nevroziTa da isteriiT daavadebisadmi
midrekileba aixsneba. froidi Tvlis, rom es mizezebi rasakvirvelia qalurobis arsTan aris
mWidrod dakavSirebuli.
obieqtis povna
mTeli latenturi periodis ganmavlobaSi bavSvi sxvebis siyvaruls swavlobs. maTi vinc
mas yvelanariad exlareba umweobis gadalaxvaSi, es urTierTobebis Tavis mxriv dedasTan yrmobis
asakSi arsebuli urTierTobebis gagrZelebas warmoadegnen.
froidis azriT bavSvis urTierToba mis dedasTan an ZiZasTan seqsaluri aRgznebisa da
erogenuli zonebis meSveobiT misi dakmayofilebis uwyvet wyaros warmoadgens. Cveulebriv e
saris deda – romelic Tavismxriv bavSvis mimarT im grZnobebs ganicdis, rac misi seqsualuri
cxovrebidan aris warmomavali. is mas arwevs, efereba mas da ise kocnis rogorc srulfasovan
seqsualur obieqts. is Tavis qmedebebs ganixilavs rogorc seqsualuri “sufTa” siyvarulis
gamovlinebas, vinaidan is yvelanairad cdilobs bavSvis genitaliebSi aRgznebis gamowvevas Tavi
aaridos, ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia bavSvis movlisas. froidi amtkicebs imas, rom deda rom
acnobierebdes Tu raoden didi mniSvneloba aqvT ltolvebs sulieri cxovrebisaTvis, yvela
eTikuri da fsiqikuri gamovlinebebisaTvis, maSin yvelafris gacnobierebis Semdegac ki is
Tavisufali iqneboda sindisis qenjnisagan.
aseve frioidi Tvlis, rom zedmeti mSobliuri siyvaruli ra Tqma unda SesaZloa
mavnebelic ki iyos, vinaidan sqesobrivi momwifeba naadrevad iwyeba, aseve imitomac, rom es
bavSvs anebivrebs da aqveiTebs mis unars uaryos siyvaruli momdevno cxovrebaSi droebiT an misi
naklebi raodenobiT dakmayofildes.
infantiluri SiSi
33
TviTon bavSvebic iqcevian ise, TiTqos da maTi damokidebuleba aRmzrdelis mimarT
Tavisi bunebiT seqsualur siyvaruls warmoadgens. bavSvebis SiSi warmoadgens mxolod da
mxolod imas, rom maT sayvareli adamiani akliaT; amitomac nebismier ucnobs isini SiSiT
xvdebian. maT eSiniaT sibnelis, vinaidan am SemTxvevaSi ver xedaven sayvarel adamians, xolo
Tuki misi xelis daWeris SesaZlebloba iZlevaT – mSviddebian. amave dros bavSvi iqceva rogorc
zrdasruli, is libidos SiSad gadaaqcevs rodesac dakmayofilebis SesaZleblobas ver poulobs.
amis sapirispirod zrdasruli, romelic daukmayofilebeli libidos gamo nevrotulia, SiSis
SemTxvevaSi bavSvis msgavsad iqceva, mas eSinia martoobis, im piris gareSe romlis siyvarulSic
darwmunebuli iqneba. am SemTxvevaSi zrdasruli Tavis SiSs bavSvuri RonisZiebebiT aqarwylebs.
incestis SezRudva
froidi Tvlis rom bavSvs uadvildeba seqsualur obieqtebad im adamianebis SerCeva vinc
mas pataraobaSi uyvarda miyruebuli libidoTi. magram amave dros seqsualuri mowifulobis
SeyovnebiT, sakmarisi dro aRmoCnda imisaTvis, rom sxva seqsualur SekavebebTan erTad incestis
SezRudvac aRimarTos, rom moxdes im zneobrivi winapirobebis gaSinagneba, romelTa mixedviTac
sruliad gamoricxulia seqsualuri obieqtebis SerCevisas sakuTar naTesavebze fiqri. am
SezRudvis dacva pirvel rigSi sazogadoebis kulturul moTxovnilebas warmoadgens, romelic
upirispirdeba ojaxis mier yvela interesebis dakmayofilebis SesaZleblobas, raTa moxdes kidev
ufro maRali socialuri erTeulebis Seqmna.
magram obieqtis SerCeva pirvel rigSi xdeba warmodgenaSi, romlebic arasodes ar unda
ganxorcieldnen. am fantaziebSi vlindeba infantiluri midrekilebebi, rac ukve somaturi
gamovlinebebiTac aRiniSneba. am fantaziebSi pirvel rigSia ltolva mSoblebis mimarT – gogos
mamisadmi da biWis dedisadmi.
incestuozuri fantaziebis gadalaxvasTan erTad kidev erTi umniSvnelovanesi da
mtkivneuli fsiqikuri samuSaos Catareba xdeba – mSobelTa avtoritetisagan ganTavisufleba,
risi meoxebiTac kulturuli procesisaTvis umniSvnelovanesi ram – Zveli da axali Taobis
gansxvaveba da dapirispireba xdeba. arsebobs saSiSroeba, rom individi gaiWedos ganviTarebis
romelime stadiaze, aqedan gamomdinare arseboben iseTi pirebi, vinc ver moaxerxa mSobelTa
avtoritetisagan ganTavisufleba. xSir SemTxvevaSi eseni arian gogonebi da am SemTxvevaSi
sainteresoa dakvirveba, romlis mixedviTac amgvari tipis gogoebs ar SeuZliaT qorwinebaSi
TavianTi meuRleebisaTvis marTebuli grZnobis gaReba. isini civi colebi arian da seqsualur
urTierTobaSi anesTetiurebi arian. aqedan gamomdinare gasagebia, rom mSoblebisadmi
araseqsualuri siyvaruli da sqesobrivi siyvaruli erTi warmoSobis arian, am SeTxvevaSi
pirveli libidos infantilur fiqsacias ganapirobebs.
aseve froidis azriT arsebobs iseTi SemTxvevebic, rodesac gansaRi adamiani daavaddeba
warumatebeli siyvarulis Semdeg. am daavadebis meqanizmi mdgomareobs misi libidos dabrunebaSi
impirebisadmi romelTac bavSvobaSi eniWebodaT upiratesoba.
aseve isic, vinc Tavisi libidos incestuozur fiqsacias Tavi daaRwia, ar aris
Tavisufali misi zegavlenisagan. ganviTarebis am fazis gamovlinebas warmoadgens axalgazrda
biWis Seyvarebuloba mozrdil qalSi an piriqiT, axalgazrda gogos Seyvarebuloba zrdasrul,
avtoritetul mamakacSi, am obieqtebs SeuZliaT mamis an dedis iersaxis gacocxleba.
inversiis aRkveTa
reziume
35
infantiluri seqsualuri grZnoebbis meore nawili gamoixateba seqsualuri qmedebis
saxiT. pirvel rigSi siamovneba da dakmayofileba miiRweva erogenuli zonebis SegrZnebiTi
aRznebiT miiRweva. SemdgomSi ki seqsualuri aRgzneba aRmocendeba rogorc meoradi / gverdiTi
produqtiorganizmis mTeli rigi procesebis fonze. aqedan gamomdinare, sqesobrivi ltolva
bavSvobis asakSi ar aris koncentrirebuli da ar gaaCnia obieqti, is autoerotiulia.
jer kidev bavSobis periodSi gamoikveTeba genitaliebis erogenuli zona.
nevrotuli gancdebis kvlevisas froidma aRmoaCina rom bavSvis seqsualur cxovrebaSi
Tavidanve SeimCneva sequsaluri ltolvis komponentebis organizacia. pirvel stadiaze es aris
oraluri (piris) erotika; meore am oregenitaluri organizaciebidan xasiaTdeba sadizmis
siWarbiTa da analuri erotikiT, mxolod mesame fazaSi seqsualuri cxovreba ganisazRvreba
genitaliebis zoniT.
seqsualuri ganviTarebis ormagi dasawyisis faqti, romlis SualedSic latenturi
periodia, froidis azriT gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis Rirsia. swored aq aris adamianis
umaRlesi kulturis ganviTarebisa da amave dros misi nevrozisadmi midrekilebis sawyisi.
ramdenad sasrgeblo an mavnebeli SeiZleba iyos bavSvis seqsualuri qmedeba amis
gansazRvra froidma ver SeZlo. seqsualuri gamovlinebebis xasiaTi maturbaciulia. aqve xazi
gaesva imas, rom cdunebis gare gavlenas SeuZlia latenturi periodis darRveva ganapirobos, am
SemTxvevaSi bavSvis seqsualuri ltolva SeiZleba polimorful-perversiuli gaxdes; aseTi
adreuli seqsualuri qmedeba bavSvis aRzrdisadmi daqvemdebarebas aqveiTebs.
bavSvuri seqsualuri cxovrebis cvlileba froidis mier dakavSirebulia or mniSvnelovan
aspeqtTan: yvela sxva seqsualuri aRznebis wyaroebis daqvemdebareba genitaliuri zonisadmi da
obieqtis arCevanis procesi.
sayuradReboa arsebis diferenciacia qalisa da mamakacis sqesis mixedviT. froidis azriT,
imisaTvis rom gogo qalad Camoyalibdes, man axali gandevna unda gadalaxos, romelic
infantiluri mamakacurobis ganadgureba da qalis cvlilebisadmi momzadeba unda moaxdinos,
romlis Semdeg wamyvani mniSvneloba genitalur zonas mieniWeba.
froidis azriT obieqtis arCevans ganapirobebs bavSvis ltolva mSoblebisadmi, xolo im
droisaTvis aRmocenebuli incestuozuri midrekilebis aRkveTa, am ltolvas mimarTavs
mSoblebis msgavsi pirebisadmi. da bolos aseve sqesobrivi mowifulobis gardamavali asakis
periodSi garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi somaturi da fsiqikuri ganviTarebis procesebi
paralelurad mimdinareoben.
konstitucia da STamomavloba
Semdgomi damuSaveba
gandevna
sublimireba
SemTxveviT gancdili
naadrevi mowifuloba
droebiTi momentebi
37
iseve rogorc naadrevi mowifuloba unda iyos ganxiluli sxva momentebic, rac SeiZleba
iyos gaerTianebuli naadrev mowifulobasTan. rogorc Cans filogeneturad winaswar
ganpirobebulia Tu drois romel monakveTSi xdeba ama Tu im ltolvis gaaqtiureba. Tumca am
SemTxvevaSi variaciebsac aqvs adgili.
bavSvobaSi aRmocenebuli Zlieri ltolvebi xSir SemTxvevaSi ar warmoadgenen
saSiSroebas, im TvalsazrisiT rom samudamo Sedegis saxe SeiZleba qondeT. piriqiT,
SesaZlebelia vivaraudoT rom zrdasrulis xasiaTSi maT sruliad sapirispiro ltolvebi
Seenacvlebian.
simkveTre Цепкость
fiqsacia
froidisa da misi mowafeebis namuSevrebi kidev ufro metad warmoaCenen saWiroebas, rom
nevrotikebis analizi gavrceldes baSvobis pirvel periodzec, seqsualuri energiis ganviTarebis
adreul periodSi. mxolod yvelaze adrindeli cxovrebiseuli STabeWdilebebis kvleviT,
SesaZlebelia mogvianebiT gaCenili nevrozis mamoZravebeli Zalebis aRmoCena da Tavis dazRveva
Secdomebisagan, rac SesaZlebelia iyos ganpirobebuli zrdasrulobis periodis warmonaqmnebiT.
am saWiroebas mxolod Teoriuli mniSvneloba ar gaaCnia, is aseve mniSvnelovania praqtikuli
TvalsazrisiTac, vinaidan is ganasxvavebs fsiqoanalitikosebis samuSaos iseTi eqimebisagan visac
mxolod Terapiuli orientireba gaaCniaT, da mkurnalobisas mxolod garkveuli drois
ganmavlobaSi iyeneben analitikur meTodebs. adreuli periodsi msgavsi analizi xamgrZlivia,
rTulia da eqimsa da pacients iseT moTxovnebs wamouyenebs, romelTa ganxorcilebisaTvis
praqtika yovelTvis ar aris xelsayreli. amgvar analizs SeuZlia iseTi gaurkvevlobebi
gamoiwvios, risi axsnac jer kidev SeuZlebelia.
38
exla ki viTareba Secvlilia da gamocdilebis gamdidrebisaTvis saTanado pirobebi mas ar
gaaCnia. froidi ambobs, rom Tuki is varaudobs siaxlis aRmoCenas, is ar aris darwmunebuli
rom molodinis Semdgom SeZlebs dadasturebis miRebas. is xazs usvams rom aRar aris marto,
rom arsebobs misi TanamoazreTa gundi, vinc mzad aris daumTavrebeli, sakmarisi safuZvlis ar
mqone codnac ki gamoiyenon.
patara gogos oidiposis kompleqsis problema kidev ufro Rrmad aris dafaruli, biWis
oidiposis kompleqsTan SedarebiT. Tavdapirvelad orivesTvis deda pirvel obieqts
warmoadgenda: ar aris gasakviri rom oidiposis kompleqsSi biWi inarCunebs am obieqts. magram
rogor ambobs uars am obieqtze gogo da obieqtis saxiT rogor irCevs mamas? yvela
analitikoss qonda SesaZlebloba Seeswavla is qalebi, visac gansakuTrebuli intensivobiTa da
daJinebiT SeunarCunebia mamisadmi mijaWvuloba da mamisagan bavSvis gaCenis survili qondaT.
SesaZlebelia vivaraudoT rom es fantastiuri survili maTi infantiluri onanizmis
mamoZravebeli Zala iyo.
bavSTa eqimis lindneris SeniSvniT, baSvbi aRmoaCens siamovnebis momniWebel genitaliur zonas –
peniss an klitors – rac xdeba wovis ganmavlobaSi. froidi Riad tovebs sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb
namdvilad xdeba Tu ara bavSvis mier ZuZus woviT gamowveuli siamovnebis Canacvleba axlad
aRmoCenili siamovnebis momgvreli wyaroTi. magram falosuri fazis dasawyisi ar warmoadgens
onanizmis dakavSirebas oidiposis kompleqsis obieqtur mikaWvulobebTan, aramed amas Tan axlavs
39
gogosTvis mZime Sedegebis mqone aRmoCena. is SemTxveviT aRmoaCens Tavisi Zmis an Tanatolis
did, advilad SesamCnev peniss, ganixilavs mas rogorc sakuTari patara dafaruli organos
mozrdil analogs dam as ipyrobs Suri penisis mimarT.
penisisadmi Suris fsiqikuri Sedegebi, iqidan gamomdinare rom ver xerxdeba misi gaqarwyleba
mamakacurobis kompleqsis reaqtiul warmonaqmnSi, gansxvavdebian da mravalmniSvnelovani arian.
sakuTari narcisuli Wrilobis aRiarebiT qals TiTqos da naiarevi uCndeba – dabali Sefasebis
SegrZneba.
im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac qali ar ganicdis Surs penisis mimarT sakuTar TavTan mimarTebaSi,
es Suri ar gaqarwyldeba: mcireodeni gadataniT is iZens gamoxatulebas eWvianobis
maxasiaTebelSi. ra Tqma unda eWvianoba orive sqesisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, magram froidis
azriT qalis SemTxvevaSi is ufro mniSvnelovan rols iZens, vinaidan is gaZlierebulia
penisisadmi daTrgunuli Suris SegrZnebiT. sanam eWvianobis Sesaxeb amgvar daskvnas gamoitanda,
froidma gogos onanisturi fantaziis pirveli faza gamoyo, romelsac uwoda “bavSvs cemen”. am
fantaziis sazrisi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom cemen sxva bavSvs, romlis mimarTac gogo eWvianobs
rogorc metoqis mimarT. bavSvis romelsac cemen, anu romelic uyvarT, sinamdvileSi aris
klitori, ase rom es aRiareba Tavis siRrmiseul SinaarsSi masturbaciis aRiarebas niSnavs, rac
damaxasiaTebelia falosuri fazidan ufro gviandeli asakis CaTvliT.
penisisadmi Suris mesame Sedegia dedisadmi nazi damokidebulebis ganeleba. es kavSiri mTlad
gasagebi ar aris, magram sabolood SesaZlebelia darwmuneba imaSi, rom ZiriTadi danaSauli
miuZRvis dedas, romelmac bavSvi yvela saWiro organoTi ver gaaCina. azrebis istoriuli
mimdinareoba Semdegi saxis aris, genitaliebSi defeqtis aRmoCenis Semdgom male aRmocendeba
eWvianoba sxva bavSvis mimarT, romelic viTomda dedas ufro metad uyvars. swored es aris
dedisadmi sinazisagan ganTavisuflebis biZgi da sababi. es garemoeba aseve erTvis im faqtsac,
rom swored es bavSvi romelic dedis mxridan ufro meti siyvarulis mflobelia, xdeba misi
dasjis Sesaxeb fantaziis pirveli obieqti, xolo es fantazia masturbaciis winare periodia.
40
penisisadmi Surisa da klitoris dabali faseulobis aRmoCena gasaocari zegavlenis mqonea da
yvelaze mniSvnelovania. froidi aRniSnavs rom misi azriT qali gacilebiT rTulad itans
masturbacias vidre kaci. is ufro xSirad ebrZvis masturbacias, maSin rodesac kaci iyenebs am
SesaZleblobas. froidis azriT masturbacia aseve gacilebiT ufro ucxoa qaluri bunebisaTvis
da am problemis gadawyvetisas sayuradReboa is, rom klitorTan dakavSirebuli masturbacia
aris mamakacuri manipulacia TavisTavad da aqedan gamomdinare qalurobis ganviTarebis pirobas
warmoadgens amgvari klitorTan dakavSirebuli seqsualurobis CamoSoreba. falosuri fazis
analizma froids aCvena, rom penisisadmi Suris gamovlinebis Semdgom, gogo iwyebs onanizmisadmi
energiul SewinaaRmdegebas, rac SeuZlebelia mxolod aRmzrdelobiTi zegavleniT iyos
gamowveuli. rogorc Cans es wamowyeba im gandevnis mauwyebelia, romelic momwifebis
droisaTvis mamakacuri seqsualurobis nawilis CamoSorebas ganapirobebs imisaTvis, rom qaluri
seqsualuroba ganviTardes. Tuki es mniSvnelovani motivi ar iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli, qalis
momdevno seqsualuri cxovrebis gamovlinebani gaugebari xdeba.
froidi patara gogos mxridan falosuri fazis ganmavlobaSi onanizmze uaris TqmasTan
dakavSirebiT varaudobs, rom es siamovnebis momgvreli moqmedeba zarals ganicdis mis Semdgom
arsebuli momentis gamo. es aris penisisadmi Suridan gamomdinare wyenis momenti, erTgvari
Sexseneba, rom am SemTxvevaSi SeuZlebelia biWTan konkurirebis gaweva. aqedan gamomdinare sqesis
anatomiuri gacnobiereba patara gogos mamakacurobisagan da mamakacuri onanizmisagan ganaridebs
da axal gzaze ayenebs, romelic masSi qalurobis ganviTarebas ganapirobebs.
oidiposis komleqsi aqamde jer kidev ar iyo aqtualuri. magram amjerad gogos libido axal
pozicias ikavebs (simboluri Sedareba penisi – bavSvi). is uaryofs penisis flobis survils
imisaTvis rom moxdes misi Canacvleba baSvis yolis surviliT, swored am mizniT sasiyvarulo
obieqtis saxiT is irCevs mamas. deda eWvianobis sagnad iqceva, patara gogo qalad gadaiqceva.
Tuki SemdgomSi gogo uars acxadebs mamisadmi mijaWvulobaze, maSin es mijaWvuloba SesaZloa
mamasTan identificirebaSi gadaizardos, riTac gogo ubrundeba mamakacurobis kompleqss da
zogierT SemTxvevaSi masze fiqsirdeba kidec.
gogos SemTxvevaSi oidiposis kompleqsi meoradi warmonaqmnia. mas win uZRvian da mis Semzadebas
ganapirobeben kastraciuli kompleqsis zemoqmedebani. oidiposis kompleqsisa da kastraciuli
kompleqsebis urTierTqmedebebSi SeimCneva fundamentaluri sxvaoba orive sqesis SemTxvevaSi.
maSin rodesac biWis SemTxvevaSi oidiposis kompleqsi iRupeba kastraciuli
kompleqsis Sedegad, gogos oidiposis kompleqsi aRmocendeba da SesaZlebeli
xdeba kastraciuli kompleqsidan gamomdinare. am SemTxvevaSi qalisa da mamakacis
seqsualuri ganviTarebis sxvaoba gasagebia genitaliebis anatomiuri sxvaobisa da amasTan
dakavSirebuli fsiqikuri situaciidan gamomdinare; is Seesabameba im sxvaobas, romelic arsebobs
ganxorcielebul kastraciasa da mosalodnel kastracias Soris.
amasTanave oidiposis kompleqsi imdenad didi mniSvnelobis mqonea, rom sruliad ar aris
arasayuradRebo Tu rogor xvdebian am situaciaSi da rogor aRweven mas Tavs. rogorc es ukve
iyo naCvenebi adre, froidis CvenebiT es kompleqsi ki ar ganidevneba, aramed is ingreva im Sokis
zegavleniT, romelic kastraciis muqariT aris gamowveuli. biWi uaryofs Tavis libidozur
mijaWvulobebs, romelbic deseqsualuzurdebian da nawilobriv maTi sublimacia xdeba. maTi
obieqtebi me-s SemadgenlobaSi erTvebian, sadac isini ze-me-s birTvs warmoqmnian da am axal
qarmonaqmns gansakuTrebul maxasiaTeblebs mianiWeben. normaluri, idealur SemTxvevaSi
oidiposis kompleqsi aRar arsebobs aracnobierSi, misi adgilsamyofelia ze-me. oidiposis
kompleqsis katastrofa – incestze uaris Tqma, sindisisa da moralis gaCena – unda iyos
ganxiluli STamomvalobis gamarjveba individze.
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gogos SemTxvevaSi oidiposis kompleqsis daRupvis motivi gamoiricxeba. kastraciam ukve
moaxdina Tavisi zemoqmedeba, romelic mdgomareobda imaSi, rom bavSvs oidiposis kompleqsis
situaciisaken misca biZgi. gogo SedarebiT ufro xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi, gandevniT
Tavisufldeba oidiposis kompleqsisagan; misi zegavlena vrceldeba qalis normalur sulier
cxovrebaze sakmaod farTed. froidi mcireodeni enTuziazmiT aRniSnavs imas, rom qalis
zneobrivi done gansxvavdeba. ze-me arasodes ar iqneba iseTi ulmobeli, iseTi usaxuri da iseTi
damoukidebeli Tavisi efeqturi warmomavlobebidan rogorc es kacis SemTxvevaSia. qalisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi – samarTlianobis SegrZnebis nakleboba kacTan SedarebiT,
cxovrebiseuli saWiroebebisadmi daqvemdebarebis naklebi unarianoba, rom Tavis
gadawyvetilebebSi is xSirad xelmZRvanelobs nazi da metoqeobrivi grZnobebiT – yvela es
damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba Tavis fuZes zemoT moyvanili ze-me-s warmonaqmnis modificirebaSi iRebs.
xazi aris gasmuli feministebis mxridan sqesis Tanaswori Sefasebis moTxovnis umarTebuloba.
1. gamoricxva
42
Tumca amgvari siamovnebisagan uaryofis moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi zogjer eqimi
xvdeba pacientebs romlebic uaryofen damorCilebas. isini amtkiceben rom
sakmarisia tanjva da danaklisis daTmena. maT surT ganTavisufldnen yovelgvari
moTxovnebisagan da xSir SemTxvevaSi maTi mtkiceba Semdegi saxisaa, isini
warmoadgenen gamonakliss da surT am poziciis SenarCuneba ganusazRvreli droiT.
es sakmaod Taviseburi motovireba aris.
aseTi SemTxvevebisas eqimis gavlenas ar aqvs aranairi Zala da is pirveli
etapis ganmavlobaSi pasiuria. erTaderTi rac mas darCenia aris amgvari mavnebeli
winaganwyobis wyaros kvleva.
magram ueWvelia, rom nebismier adamians surs iyos “gamonaklisi SemTxveva” da
qondes ufleba am upiratesobis aRiarebisa sxva adamianebis mxridan. swored amitom
aris gamoyenebuli motivirebac, rac xSir SemTxvevaSi ar aris warmatebuli saxis
(garkveulwilad damajerebeli) es xom aucilebelia Tuki pretenzia aris
gamoTqmuli gansxvavebulobasa da gansakuTrebulobaze / upiratesobaze. am
motivirebebis gansxvavebulobis miuxedavad froidi amtkicebs rom SeimCneva saerTo
maxasiaTeblebi im pacientebis warsuli cxovrebis bedisweraSi romelnic man
ikvlia: maTi nevrozis sawyiss warmoadgens raime gancda an is ubralod
SemouerTda avadmyofobas, romelSic isini Tavs damnaSaved ar Tvlidnen da
romelic maT mier iyo moazrebuli rogorc maTi pirovnebis mimarT usamarTlo
zianis miyeneba. maT daiwyes fiqri, rom es usamarTloba maT aZlevs uflebas
garkveuli privilegiebisaTvis, maT gamoumuSavdaT yvelafrisadmi
daumorCileblobis survili – am yvelaferma Tanmimdevruli doniT xeli Seuwyo im
konfliqtebis gamwvavebas, romlebmac sabolood nevrozi gamoiwvies. froids moyavs
erT-erTi pacienti qalis SemTxveva, romelsac nevrozi gaumwvavda maSin rodesac
man gaigo Tandayolili daavadebis Sesaxeb, romelic mas xels uSlida
cxovrebiseuli miznebis miRwevaSi. is moTminebiT itanda daavadebas maSin rodesac
egona rom is SeZenilia, magram rogorc ki gaigo rom es daavadeba Tandayolili
iyo – is ubralod ajanyda.
froids magaliTis saxiT moyavs mxatvruli saxe, romelic Seqmnili iyo
udidesi mwerlis mier da romlis xasiaTSic gansakuTrebulobis pretenziebis
motivi mWidrod ukavSirdeba Tandayolili zaralis moments da ganpirobebulic ki
aris am momentiT.
“riCard III”-es Sesaval monologSi glosteri (momavali mefe) Semdegs ambobs:
es aris sakuTari garegnobis naklulovanebis Sesaxeb monologi, romelic
gamoxatavs mizezs Tu ratom gadawyvets es gmiri boroti saqmeebis keTebas.
froidi axdens am monologis analizs. is xazs usvams im faqts, rom mwerali
garkveulwilad unda cdilobdes gmiris mimarT mkiTxvelis mxridan simpatia
gamoiwvios, rac SesaZlebelia Sinagani erTianobiT mxolod da mxolod, garkveuli
gagebiT, mkiTxvels unda esmodes gmiris Sinagani samyaro.
amitom froidis azriT riCardis am monologSi ar aris gamoTqmuli
yvelaferi; aq mxolod miniSneba aris, xolo is rac ar aris naTqvami mkiTxvels
SeuZlia Seavsos. magram am SemTxvevaSi frivoluroba daikargeba da darCeba
mxolod is simware, rodesac riCardi Tavisi naklulovanebebis Sesaxeb Civis.
aqedan gamomdinare Semdegi saxis ram xdeba: bunebam mZime usamarTloba Caidina, man
ar mianiWa gmirs is garegani silamaze, romelic adamianTa mxridan siyvaruls
imsaxurebs. aqedan gamomdinare cxovrebam unda daajildovod is, da am jildos is
Tavad iRebs. is ganacxadebs rom is aris gansakuTrebuli / gamonaklisi; mas aqvs
ufleba imisa, rom ar gaiTvaliswinos is eWvebi da SiSebi romelic sxva
adamianebisaTvis mniSvnelovania. riCardi am maxasiaTeblis giganturi gadaWarbeba
aris – maxasiaTeblisa romelsac yvelani Cven aRmovaCenT sakuTar TavSi. yvelani
Cven viTxovT garkveuli saxis kompensacias im zaralis gamo romelic ganicada
Cvenma narcisizmma adreuli bavSvobis asakSi.
swored am safuZvels warmoadgens qalebis moTxovnileba gakrveuli
privilegiebis mimarT. froidis azriT qalebi Tavs afaseben rogorc damcirebuls,
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usamarTlod dakninebuls; qaliSvilebis umravlesobas dedis mimarT gaboroteba
swored im faqtidan gamomdinare aqvT, rom adanaSauleben dedas vinaidan man
gaaCina is gogonebad da ara biWebad.
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analitikuri muSaobisas rTuli ar aris imis aRmocena, rom sinamdvileSi aq
saqme gvaqvs sindisis ZalasTan: sindisi saSualebas ar aZlevs adamians garkveuli
saxis mogeba / sargebeli naxos mis sasargeblod / xelsayrelad Secvlil garemo
pirobebidan gamomdinare. magram am tendenciebis (damsjeli da ganmkiTxveli) arsis
wvdoma sakmaod rTulia; froidi aRniSnavs rom msgavs tendenciebs vawydebiT
moulodnel viTarebebSic. amisaTvis froidi iyenebs mxatvruli nawarmoebis
nimuSebis analizs – didi mwerali-gulTmmarTvelebis nawarmoebis nimuSebis.
pirovneba romelmac ganicada warumatebloba warmatebis miRwevis Semdgom
aris Seqspiris ledi makbeti.
ledi makbeti aris pirovneba romelmac ganicada warumatebloba mis mier
miRweuli warmatebis Semdeg, im warmatebisa, romliskenac is iRwvoda udidesi
energiulobiT. mas ar qonda aranairi eWvebi da arc Sinagani brZola, yvelaferi
rac mas surda iyo is, rom sakuTari meuRlis orWofoba daeZlia, meuRlisa,
romelic pativmoyvare magram rbili gulis patroni iyo. is mzad aris, rom
danaSaulebriv Canafiqrs sakuTari qaluroba Seswiros da ar iTvaliswinebs imas
Tu ra gadamwyveti roli eqneba am qalurobas, rodesac saqme Seexeba danaSaulis
meoxebiT miRweul, misi pativmoyvareobis ocnebis ganmtkicebas.
froids moyavs nawyvetebi poemidan sadac ledi makbeti mouxmobs sikvdilis
demonebs, mis qalur sulSi TanagrZnobis aRkveTisaTvis da a. S. froidi aRniSnavs
rom danaSaulis Cadenamde mas winaaRmdegobis SegrZneba ipyrobs. froids moyavs
citata sadac ledi makbeti bavSvis Zilisas mamasTan msgavsebas aRniSnavs.
xolo maSin rodesac is ukve dedofalia, rac dunkanis mkvlelobis meSveobiT
ganaxorciela, is drodadro grZnobs garkveuli saxis imedgacruebas da
mowyenilobas. froidi aRniSnavs rom ar icis ratom.
makbetis sityvebi survilebis dakmayofilbis Semdeg simSvidis ar qonis
Sesaxeb.
Tumca is mainc medgrad aris. am sityvebs moyveba banketis scena. aq is
axerxebs meuRlis dabneulobis dafarvas da stumrebis dasaTxovad sababs
gamoZebnis. amis Semdeg is ukve somnambulis mdgomareobaSi gamoCndeba, rac
gamowveulia danaSaulebrivi Ramis STabeWdilebebiT. exlac is meuRles mouwodebs
medgrobisaken da eubneba mas, rom veravin ver gabedavs maT gakicxvas da
gasamarTlebas.
mas esmis karze kakuni, romlisac ase SeeSinda meuRles mkvlelobis Semdgom.
amasTanave is cdilobs “Semdgari Seumdgarad aqcios” is sisxliani xelis dabanas
cdilobs da acnobierebs rom es mcdelobani usafuZvloa. froidi Tvlis rom
monaniebam dasZlia is, vinc aqamde gaucxoebuli iyo monaniebisagan. da maSin
rodesac is kvdeba, makbeti romelic iseTive udreki da daundobeli xdeba rogorc
manmade, misTvis mxolod mokle epiTafias poulobs: “SeiZleboda ufro mogvianebiT
gardacvliliyo, am cnobis miReba yovelTvis moeswreboda”.
froidi svams kiTxvas Tu ra SeiZleboda yofiliyo am rkinisebri xasiaTis
Seryevis mizezi? mxolod monanieba, Tu danaSaulis gansxvavebuli iersaxe maSin
rodesac is ukve Cadenilia? unda iyos Tu ara Cvens mier gakeTebuli daskvna, rom
ledi makbetis fsiqika adrec iyo susti / rbili da man veRar gauZlo im ukidures
daZabulobas romlisadmic sakuTari Tavi momarTa. Tu kidev ufro metad
siRrmiseuli motivireba unda iyos moZebnili saimisod rom es gardatexa ufro
axlo da gasagebi iyos?
froidi am SemTxvevaSi eWvobs, rom SesaZlebeli iqneba am sakiTxis amomwuravi
gadawyveta. Seqspiriseuli makbeti aris piesa, romelic daiwera SemTxveviTi
movlenis gamo: samefo taxtze Sotlandiis mefis, jemsis Sedgomis gamo.
misi aRmavloba samefo taxtze unayofobis wyevlisa da gagrZelebuli gvaris
dalocvis demonstracias warmoadgenda (aqamde froids qalwuli elizavetas
unayofobis Sesaxeb aqvs mokled aRwerili). swored am winaaRmdegobrivobaze aris
Seqspiris “makbetis” evoluciac dafuZnebuli.
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winaswarmetyvelebi makbets amcnoben rom iqneba mefe da misi Svilebi
STamomavlobiT miiReben gvirgvins. magram is ar kmayofildeba am bedisweriT,
vinaidan mas surs dinastiis damfuZnebeli iyos, mas ar surs rom mis mier Cadenili
mkvleloba sxvisaTvis iyos momgebiani. am punqts ar aqceven xSirad yuradRebas
froidis sityvebiT, vinaidan Seqspiris piesaSi pativmoyvareobis tragediis danaxva
surT mxolod. swored amitom surs makbets iyolios Svilebi, rom
winaswarmetyvelebis es nawili ar aRsruldes. froids moyvas striqonebi, sadac
makbeti Tavis meuRles vaJebis gaCenas Txovs.
rodesac makbets imedebi gaucruvdeba mas mxolod ori gza rCeba an unda
daemorColis bedisweras, an kidev misi moRvaweoba kargavs sazriss da iZens
sikvdilmisjili dabrmavebuli da gaxelebuli adamianis qmedebebis xasiaTs,
romelic anadgurebs aseve imasac rac misTvis miRwevadia. froidi aRniSnavs, rom
kargad Cans makbetis mier ganvlili swored aseTi evolucia, xolo tragediis
mwvervalze ismis makdufis ganacxadi, romelic xSir SemTxvevaSi aRiarebulia
rogorc orazrovani mniSvnelobis mqone da romelic moicavs makbetis cvlilebis
gacnobierebis SesaZleblobas. makdufi iZaxis: “makbeti unayofoa!”
am sityvebis sazrisi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom is unayofoa, amitom mxolod mas
SeeZlo moekla Cemi Svilebi. amave dros am sityvebs siRrmiseuli motivis
gamoaSkaravebac SeuZliaT: es morivi makbets aiZulebs Tavisi buneba uaryos, xolo
misi meuRlis SemTxvevaSi mTavar satkivars exeba. magram Tuki mTeli piesa iqneba
moazrebuli mTlianobaSi, is ganmsWvalulia mSoblisa da Svilis urTierTobebis
kompleqsiT.
froidi adarebs golinSedis (1577) qronikas da Seqspiriseul interpretacias.
golinSedis qronikaSi mxolod erTxel aris moxseniebuli ledi makbeti, rogorc
pativmoyvare, sakuTari meuRlis STamagonebeli mkvlelobisadmi, im mizniT rom
Semdeg gamxdariyo dedofali.
amis sapirispirod makbetis xasiaTSi arsebuli cvlilebebi, froidis mier
moyvanili motivirebis msgavsia. magram golinSedsa da Seqspiris variantebs Soris
sxvaoba droiT periodSi mdgomareobs. golinSedTan moqmedeba 10 wlis
ganmavlobaSi viTardeba, xolo SeqspirTan (moqmedi pirebis dialogebidan
gamomdinare) daaxloebiT erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi – sakmaod swrafad. mxolod da
mxolod aTi wlis amowurvis Semdgom mas ipyrobs SiSi rom moxdeba
winaswarmetyvelebis asruleba, romelic bankos exeba. swored amitom is klavs
bankos da ukve amis Semdeg erT borotmoqmedebas meore moyveba da a. S. Seqspiris
SemTxvevaSi movlenaTa ganviTarebis siswrafe gamoricxavs froidis motivirebis
konstruqciebs makbetisa da misi meuRlis xasiaTebSi momxdari gardatexis Sesaxeb.
ar aris sakmarisad mocemuli is droiTi monakveTi romlis ganmavlobaSic
qronikuli imedis gacrueba qalis xasiaTis Serbilebasa da mamakacis gamwarebas
gamoiwvevda. amitom drois ekonomia gamoricxavs sxva danarCeni motivebis
arsebobis SesaZleblobas garda fsiqologiurisa .
magram froidis mosazrebiT SeuZlebelia imis gageba Tu ra motivebia es, ris
gamoc moridebuli pativmoyvare dauokebel tiranad gadaiqceva, xolo foladiviT
mtkice STamagonebeli (подстрекательница
) ganadgurebulia monaniebiT da avad xdeba.
froidi uaryofs im mosazrebas rom msgavsi analizi kargavs mniSvnelobas
imasTan SedarebiT Tu ra gavlenas axdens mayurebelze tragedia. is aseve uaryofs
im SeniSvnasac, romlis Tanaxmad avtors aqvs ufleba xelovnurad Sekvecos
movlenaTa msvlelobis droiTi monakveTi, Tuki es saSualebas iZleba ufro
Zlieri dramatuli efeqtis moxdenisaTvis. froidis azriT amgvari ram
gamarTlebulia Tuki darRveulia mxolod da mxolod movlenaTa sinamdvile da ar
xdeba mizezobrivi kavSirebis darRveva.
froids uWirs makbetiseuli problemis gadauwyvetelad mitoveba da kidev
erT mcdelobas axdens misi gadawyvetisa. is iyenebs Ludvig Fekels-is mixvedrebs.
misi mosazrebis Tanaxmad Seqspirs xSirad aqvs gadanawilebuli erTi xasiaTi or
moqmed pirze ise, rom TiToeuli maTgani gancalkevebulad gaugebaria, magram es
46
gaugebroba mxolod iqamde gastans, sanam isini ar ganixilebian rogorc erTi
mTliani. swored msgavsi ram aris SesaZlebeli makbetisa da misi ledis
SemTxvevaSic, magram ver miviRebT veranair Sedegs ledis damoukidebeli
pirovnebis saxiT mosazrebis da makbetis mxolod rogorc misi danamatisa. froidi
ar uRrmavdeba am mosazrebas, magram aRniSnavs mxolod imas, rom SiSis is Canasaxi
romelic vlindeba makbetTan mkvlelobis Ramisas, SemdgomSi viTardeba ledisTan
da ara masTan. swored mas uCndeba xanjlis halucinacia, magram sulieri
moSliloba emarTeba mis cols. mkvlelobis Semdeg makbets esmis sityvebi: ar
daiZinoT makbeti klavs Zils. ris Semdeg swored mas ar unda daeZina, magram mis
nacvlad somnambulis mdgomareobaSi vardeba swored misi meuRle, tiTac sakuTar
danaSauls gascems. citatebi imis Sesaxeb rom verc erTi zRva ver Camobans
danaSauls misi xelidan da a. S. amitom risic eSinoda makbets mis meuRles
emarTeba. danaSaulis Semdeg ledis uCndeba monaniebis SegrZneba, xolo makbeti
udreki xdeba. orive erTad ganicdian danaSaulis Semdeg arsebul reaqciebs, erTi
fsiqikuri mTliani undividualobis msgavsad.
ledi makbetis SemTxvevaSi ver moxerxrda imis axsna Tu ratom xdeba is avad,
amitom froidi sxva dramaturgis nawarmoebis analizs iwyebs.
rebeka gamviki doqtor vestis mier aris naSvilebi, romlic mas aRzrdis
Tavisufali suliskveTebiTa da im gzebisadmi siZulviliT romelTa mixedviT Cveni
survilebi gamoiricxebian religiur mrwamsze dafuZnebuli moralidan
gamomdinare. doqtoris gardacvalebis Semdeg is miaRwevs imas, rom iwyebs muSaobas
rosmersholmSi. rosmersholmi aris sagvareulo mamuli, sadac aravin ar arRvevs
asketuri cxovrebis wess. iq cxovroben mRvdeli iohanesi da misi unayofo coli
beata. rebekas Suyvardeba mRvdeli da is yvelnairad cdilobs Tavidan CamoiSoros
misi meuRle risTvisac sakuTar Tavisufal suliskveTebaze dafuZnebul nebas
iyenebs. is beatas aZlevs wigns, romlis mixedviTac qorwinebis mTavari mizania
Svilebis yola, rac qals agdebs eWvebSi qorwinebis gamarTlebulobis Sesaxeb.
amavdroulad rebeka mas agrZnobinebs rom rosmeri, romlis kiTxvasa da azrTa
msvlelobaSi is iRebs monawileobas axlos aris adreuli mosazrebebis uaryofasa
da Tanamedrove ganaTlebis gaziarebasTan. beatas rwmena meuRlis zneobriv
marTebulobaSi Seryeulia. Semdeg rebeka agrZnobinebs beatas rom male unda
miatovos maTi saxli rosmerTan dauSvebeli siaxlovis Sedegebidan gamomdinare.
mzakvruli Canafiqri imarjvebs da sacodavi qali Tavs iklavs.
rebeka da rosmeri erTad cxovroben da maT akavSirebT siaxlove romelic
rosmerisaTvis idealur sulier megobrobas warmoadgenda. rosmeri xels sTxovs
rebekas, romelic uaryofs am SeTavazebas rac rosmerisaTvis gaugebaria da
mkiTxvelisaTvis miT umetes, vinaidan cnobilia misi faruli zraxvebis Sesaxeb.
misi ganmartebiT, mas swored beatas bediswera elis.
froidi aRSfoTebulia Tu rogor aris SesaZlebeli, rom avantiuristi,
romelmac mzakvrulad gaikafa gza uars ambobs Canafiqris mizanze? amis
ganmartebas is TviTon iZleva IV aqtSi sadac Cans rom masSi iRviZebs sindisi, is
Seicvala da danaSaulis SegrZneba ver miscems SesaZleblobas tkbobisaTvis.
ram gamoaRviZa masSi sindisi? rebekas sityvebiT es cvlileba rosmeris
msoflmxedvelobis SecnobiT aris gamowveuli. amasTanave is sinanulsac gamoTqvams
“rosmersholmma Cemi Zlieri neba da suli Sedrka, frTebi SeaWra da daamaxinja
is.”
is aRiarebs Tavis danaSauls rosmerisa da krolis winaSe, (beatis Zma). Tumca
kroli xvdeba rom rebeka mainc bolomde ar iZaxis yvelafers da amitom aiZulebs
mas ramodenime mniSvnelovan punqtTan dakavSirebiT aRiaros. aseve froidic Tvlis
rom SesaZloa rebeka aRiarebs uaris mizezebs mxolod saimisod rom ar gaamxilos
sxva ram.
froidi aRniSnavs rom rosmeris gavlena SeiZleba iyos mxolod da mxolod
Sirma, romlis miRma sxva mimarTuleba aris.
47
magram rodesac is rosmerisagan isev iRebs SeTavazebas, uaris mizezad
amjerad rebeka asaxelebs seqsualur kavSirs sxva mamakacTan, rac gvafiqrebinebs
rom es misTvis ufro didi winaaRmdgoba aris vidre Cadenili danaSauli.
amasTanave reqtor krols rebekasTvis moulodneli ambavi moaqvs. samgieros
mizRvevis survilma is aqcia gamomZieblad, is rebekas amcnobs rom sinamdvileSi
ukanaskneli doqtor vestis namdvili Svilia da man is iSvila mxolod dedis
gardacvalebis Semdeg. kroli fiqrobs rom rebekam es ambavi isedac icis, magram
cdeba. rebekaze am ambavs didi zemoqmedeba aqvs. mas ar sjera.
rebekas aRelveba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom is ara mxolod naSvilebi iyo
doqtor vestisaTvis, aramed misi sayvarelic. amitom ambavi imis Sesaxeb rom is
doqtoris namdvili Svili iyo masze Zalian did zemoqmedebas axdens.
exla ukve gasagebi xdeba Tu ratom aris es garemoeba kidev ufro metad mZime
vidre mis mier Cadenili danaSauli. vinaidan is mxolod saidumlos erTi nawilis
gamxelas apirebda da ara mTlianobaSi.
am ambavis gageba mas sruliad anadgurebs, is Tavs damnaSaved aRiarebs
rosmerisa da krolis winaSe da gasamgzavreblad emzadeba. magram misi
warmatebisas warumateblobis ganmapirobebeli namdvili motivi mainc dafaruli
rCeba.
ibsenis rebeka vestis traqtati wamoadgens rTuli motivaciis SemTxvevas,
sadac zedapiruli motivis safarvels miRma ufro siRrmiseuli mdebareobs. Tumca
froidi aRniSnavs, rom rebekas danaSaulis SegrZnebis mizezs incestSi
dadanaSauleba warmoadgens Tavidanve, jer kidev sanam reqtori analitikuri
simaxviliT am danaSaulis SegrZnebas mis cnobierebamde ar miiyvanda. froidi
amtkicebs, rom rodesac rebeka gaxda dedis memkvidre vestTan, am faqtma masze
Zalian didi zegavlena moaxdina da is oidiposis kompleqsis gavlenas
daeqvemdebara, Tumca ar icoda rom am yvelasaTvis damaxasiaTebelma fantaziam mis
cxovrebaSi sinamdviles saxe miiRo. xolo rodesac is rosmersformis mamulSi
moxvda, is am scenaris gaTamaSebas realuri ganzraxviT iwyebs: mas surs
CamoiSoros deda da coli da daikavos misi adgili qmarTan da mamasTan. is
gansakuTrebuli darwmunebulobiT aRniSnavs rom raRacam ubiZga misi qmedebebis
ganxorcielebisaken.
froidi Tvlis rom yvelaferi rac mas daemarTa rosmersholmSi oidiposis
kompleqsis Sedegia, misi dedisa da vestisadmi arsebuli urTierTobebis iZulebiTi
ganmeoreba.
froidi Tvlis rom es Tema aris oidiposis kompleqsidan gamomdinare /
nasesxebi. rodesac gogona moxvdeba romelime saxlSi msaxurad da cnobierad Tu
aracnobierad diasaxlisi mis mier CamoSorebulia da is saxlis patrons miyveba
colad.
froidis azriT fsiqoanalitikuri samuSao aaSkaravebs im faqts, rom
sindisis Zala, romelic adamians aiZulebs gaxdes avad warmatebis momentSi
oidiposis kompleqsTan aris intimur kavSirSi.
48
III
49
fsiqoanalirikuri mkurnalobisas arsebobs sakmarisi SesaZleblobani nevrotikebis
sasiyvarulo cxovrebis sferosTan gacnobisaTvis. amgvari gacnobda gviCvenebs rom msgavsi
saqcieli SesaZlebelia iyos ganxorcielebuli rogorc jansaRi aseve ganTqmuli adamianis
mierac. erT-erTi obieqtis SerCevis mamakacuri tipis aRwera froids surs imitom, rom is
gamoirCeva “siyvarulis iseTi pirobebiT”, romelTa naerTic sakmaod gasaocaria da amave dros am
tipis SemTxvevaSi arsebobs Zalian martivi fsiqologiuri axsna-ganmartebac.
1pirveli amgvari “siyvarulis piroba” SesaZlebelia specifiuri aris. SesaZlebelia mas
vuwodoT “mesame dazaralebulis” piroba. misi sazrisi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom is pirebi vinc
am kategorias miekuTvneba, arasodes ar irCeven Tavis obieqtad Tavisufal qals, aramed
swored iseTs, romelsac sxva pretendentebic yavs: meuRle, saqmro an kidev megobari. es
piroba zogierT SemTxvevaSi imdenad gadamwyvetia da sabediswero, rom qals Tavdapirvelad
ar aqceven yuradRebas, SesaZlebelia misi uaryofac ki xdebodes, sanam is vinmes sakuTrebad
ar ganixileba. aseTi tipis adamiani swored maSin Seiyvarebs qals rodesac is garkveul
urTierTobas daamyarebs vinmesTan.
2meore piroba, naklebad mdgradi magram aseve ucnauria. obieqtis SerCevis amgvari tipi
mxolod im pirobasTan erTiandeba, romelic pirvelad iyo aRwerili, amasTanave froidi
aRniSnavs, rom pirveli tipis SemTxveva xSiria. meore piroba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom
ganuxrwneli, yovelgvari eWvis gareSe patiosani qali ar aris sakmarisad mimzidveli
imisaTvis, rom siyvarulis obieqtad iqces. sqesobrivi TvalsazrisiT mimzidvelia mxolod is
qali, romlis patiosneba da erTguleba saeWvo aris. es ukanaskneli gansakuTrebuloba
ganapirobebs gansxvavebul SesaZleblobebs, dawyebuli gaTxovili qalis reputaciis mciredi
naklulovanebidan, siyvarulis qalRmerTis cxovrebis niriT damTavrebuli. am pirobas
mciredi gadametebis saxiT SesaZlebelia vuwodoT “meZavisadmi siyvaruli”. pirveli saxis
piroba sxva mamakacisadmi mtruli ganwyobis dakmayofilebis SesaZleblobas iZleva, romelsac
arTmeven sayvarel qals, meore piroba ki – qalis prostituciasTan kavSiri – ukavSirdeba
eWvianobis SegrZnebis gancdis aucileblobas, romelic am tipis SeyvarebulTa saWiroebas /
moTxovnilebas warmoadgens. froidi ganasxvavebs am ori kategoriis tipebs imiT, rom meore
SemTxvevaSi eWvianobis sagans warmoadegns ara kanonieri “mflobeli” – meuRle – aramed is
ucxo pirebi, pretendentebi, visTanac siaxlovis eWvi gaaCnia mamakacs. xolo rac Seexeba
kanonier partniors, masTan urTierToba problemas ar warmoadgens, am SemTxvevaSi eWvianobas
adgili ar aqvs. Semdegi punqtebi warmoadegnen ara siyvarulis obieqtis moTxovnilebebs,
aramed damokidebulebas siyvarulis obieqtis mimarT.
3normaluri sasiyvarulo cxovrebis SemTxvevaSi qalis faseuloba ganisazRvreba misi
sibiwiT da klebulobs rodesac meZavis kategorias vuaxlovdebiT. aqedan gamomdinare
moyvanili tipis Seyvarebulebi gadaxras warmoadgenen. aseTi tipis qalebisadmi siyvaruls
isini miecemian mTeli Tavisi arsebiT, mTeli CarTulobiT, rac cxovrebis danarCeni
interesebis miCqmalvas ganapirobebs. am SemTxvevaSi mudmivad erTgulebis moTxovnasTan aris
kavSiri. am niSanTvisebebiT aisaxeba amgvari urTierTobebis akviatebuli xasiaTi, romelic
erTis mxriv damaxasiaTebelia nebismieri tipis SeyvarebulobisaTvis. magram amgvari tipis
urTierTobebis ar gamoirCeva mdgradobiTa da ar warmoadgens erTaderT SemTxvevas
cxovrebaSi.
4yvelaze ufro metad gasaocari aris amgvari tipis urTierTobebSi is, rom aseT
Seyvarebulebs aqvT mudam tendencia gadaarCinon TavianTi Seyvarebuli qali. mamakaci
darwmunebulia rom qali mis gareSe dakargavs im zneobriv safuZvels romelic mas mxolod
am SemTxvevaSi gaaCnia da rom igi advilad “daecema” zneobrivad.
iqidan gamomdinare rom aRwerili tipebis midrekilebani gansxvavdebian, SeuZlebelia rom
maTi warmoqmna mxolod erTi wyarodan / mizezidan iyos ganpirobebuli. Tumca froidi Tvlis
rom fsiqoanalitikuri kvlevis Sedegad SesaZlebelia am mizezis gamoZieba. obieqtis es
Taviseburi arCevani da aseTi ucnauri sasiyvarulo urTierTobebi imave fsiqikuri
warmomavlobis arian rogorc sasiyvarulo kavSiri normaluri adamianis SemTxvevaSi: isini
50
warmoiqmnebian bavSvuri fiqsaciidan dedis sinazeze da TavisTavad am fiqsaciis erT-erT Sedegs
warmoadgenen.
froidi Tvlis saWirod rom miuTiTos am tipis mamakacebis maxasiaTeblebis warmoqmnaze
dedobrivi konstelaciidan gamomdinare. aseve bavSvuri urTierTobisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli
is gadafaseba, romlis Tanaxmadac Seyvarebuli mxolod erTaderTia da Seucvleli: vinaidan
aravis ar gaaCnia erTze meti deda.
magram is, rom obieqtis arCevani exeba meZavs, sruliad ewinaaRmdegeba imas, rom es
SesaZlebelia iyos dedis konpleqsidan gamomdinare. magram swored am mZafr winaaRmdegobas
“dedasa” da “meZavs” Soris mivyavarT am ori kopleqsis ganviTarebisa da aracnobieri
urTierTqmedebis ganviTarebis istoriis kvlevisaken, vinaidan froidis mtkicebiT xSir
SemTxvevaSi aracnobierSi erTiandeba is, rac cnobierSi or sapirispiro cnebebad aris
danawevrebuli. am kvlevas mivyavarT daaxloebiT im wlebisaken, rodesac biWi pirvelad igebs
zrdasrulebs Soris sqesobrivi urTierTobebis arsebobis Sesaxeb – es aris sqesobrivi
momwifebis winare wlebi. sqesobrivi urTierTobebis saidumlos gamoaSkaraveba zrdasrulTa
avtoritetis msxvrevas ganapirobebs. is garemoeba rom yvelaferi es mis mSoblebs exeba, kidev
ufro met gavlenas axdens biWze. xSir SemTxvevaSi rodesac bavSvi am yvelafris Sesaxeb igebs
aprotestebs amas daaxlovbiT aseTi formiT: SesaZloa Seni mSoblebi, an sxvisi mSoblebi msgavs
raimes sCadian, magram Cemi mSoblebi aseT rames ar akeTeben.
amave dros biWi igebs iseTi qalebis Sesaxeb romlebic Tavisi profesiis gamo, sqesobriv
urTierTobebSi Sedian da amis gamo maT yvela ver itans. es siZulvili misTvis miuRebelia,
vinaidan aseTi qalebis mimarT mas uCndeba ltolvisa da siZulvilis Sereuli grZnoba, vinaidan
man icis, rom swored amgvari qalebis meoxebiT gaecnoba sqesobriv cxovrebas. rodesac mas ukve
saerTod aRar epareba eWvi rom mSoblebic ewevian sqesobriv cxovrebas, misTvis dedasa da
dacemul qals Soris arsebuli sxvaoba ukve imdenad didi aRar aris. bavSvi isev “oidiposis
kompleqsis” gavlenas ganicdis. is rom dedamiss mama uyvars misTvis Ralaris tolfasia.
rac Seexeba im tips, romelic midrekilia Seyvarebuli qalis gadarCenisaken, am
SemTxvevaSi froidi amtkicebs rom am pirebis “gadafarvadi mogonebebis”, fantaziebisa da Ramis
sizmrebis Seswavla gviCvenebs, rom adgili aqvs aracnobieri potivis “racionalizaciis”
warmatebul SemTxvevas. sinamdvileSi, gadarCenis motivs gaaCnia damoukidebeli mniSvneloba da
istoriac. is warmoadgens dedis, an ufro sworad mSobelTa kompleqsis produqts. rodesac
bavSvs esmis rom is davalebulia mSoblebis winaSe sakuTari arsebobiT, mas uCndeba rogorc
nazi, aseve swrafvis gamomxatveli grZnobebic, damoukeblobisaken swrafva igulisxmeba. bavSvs
uCndeba survili rom daubrunos mSoblebs es ZRveni. es vlindeba imaSi, rom vaJs uCndeba
survili dedisagan iyolios Svili, romelic misi msgavsi iqneboda, e. i. gadarCenis fantaziaSi
is sruliad aigivebs sakuTar Tavs mamasTan. yvela saxis ltolva – nazi, keTilSobili, flobis
survilis, daumorCileblobisa da uflebamosilebis fpoveben Tavis dakmayofilebas mxolod erT
survilSi, rom bavSvi iyos sakuTari Tavis mama. amave dros ar qreba saSiSroebis momentic: TviT
dabadebis aqti TavisTavad warmoadgens saSiSroebas, romlisagan gadarCenac dedis Zalisxmevidan
gamomdinareobs. dabadeba warmoadgens pirvel cxovrebiseul saSiSroebas, romelic aseve sxva
danarCeni saSiSroebebis gansaxierebasac ki warmoadgens: froidis azriT is gancdebi, romelic
dabadebisas gviCndeba rCeba CvenSi im afeqturi gamoxatulebis saxiT rasac Cven SiSs vuwodebT.
froids moyvanili aqvs Sotlandiuri legendis gmiris magaliTi – makdufi, romlisaTvisac ar
iyo cnobili SiSis gancda, vinaidan is ar dabadebula, aramed amoWres dedis muclidan.
froids moyvanili aqvs sizmrebis axsnis magaliTic. rodesac mamakaci xedavs sizmarSi,
rom is gadaarCens qals, es niSnavs imas, rom am qals is dedad aqcevs – zemoT moyvanili
mosazrebis Tanaxmad es niSnavs imas, rom is mas sakuTar dedad aqcevs. xolo rodesac qali
gadaarCens vinmes Tavis sizmarSi (bavSvs magaliTad wylidan amoiyvans), amiT is sakuTar Tavs
cnobs mis dedad, rogorc dedofali, romelmac wyalSi mose ipova da Tavi aRiara mis dedad,
romelmac is Soba.
froidi aRniSnavs, rom dakvirvebis safuZvelze gamokveTili amgvari tipebis mxolod
dakavSirebuli ganmarteba mogvcems SesaZleblobas swori Sefaseba movaxdinoT.
51
narcisizmze
1
termini “narcisizmi” gadaRebulia 1899 w. P. Nacke-s mier aRwerili avadmyofobis
suraTidan. es termini gamoiyeneboda im mdgomareobis asaRniSnavad, rodesac adamiani Tavis
sxeuls rogorc seqsualur obieqts epyroba, aTvalierebs mas seqsualuri dakmayofilebis
SegrZnebiT, efereba sakuTar sxeuls manam, sanam srul dakmayofilebas ar iZens. narcisizmis
gamovlinebis amgvari forma warmoadgens garyvnilobas, romelic mocemuli piris seqsualuri
cxovrebis sferos moicavs. msgavsi garyvniloba Seesabameba im warmodgenebsa da winaganwyobebs,
romelic yvela saxis garyvnilobis Seswavlisas aris Tanmxlebi.
fsiqoanalitikurma dakvirvebebma cxadyo, rom msgavsi narcisistuli qcevis calkeuli
niSanTvisebebi sxva avadmyofuri gamovlinebebis mqone pirebisaTvisac aris damaxasiaTebeli;
magaliTad Sadger-is mixedviT homoseqsualebTan. Tumca saboloo jamSi aRniSnulia, rom
narcisizmis libido aseve normaluri seqsualuri ganviTarebis mqone adamianisaTvisac
damaxasiaTebelia.
aseTive sirTuleebi aRiniSneba nevrotikebis fsiqoanalitikuri mkurnalobisas. am
SemTxvevaSi narcisizmi ar warmoadgens perverzias, aramed TviTgadarCenis instinqtis egoizmis
libidonozuri danamatia, romelic garkveuli raodenobiT yoveli cocxali arsebisaTvis aris
damaxasiaTebeli.
im avadmyofebSi, romelTac froidi parafrenikebs uwodebs, (Sizofrenia – zogadi
dasaxeleba mTeli rigi kognituri, emociuri da qceviTi gamovlinebebis mqone
fsiqoturi darRvevebisaTvis. termini SemoRebuli iurgen bliuleris mier,
romelmac is SemoiRo 1911 wels, dementia praecox-is sanacvlod. pirdapiri
Targmanis mixedviT misi mniSvnelobaa – gonebrivi daqucmaceba, is SerCeuli iyo
bliuleris mier vinaidan darRveva areklavs/asaxavs erTis mxriv grZnobebisa da
emociebis funqciebs Soris arsebul gansvlas an disociacias/ganridebas, xolo
meores mxriv azrovnebisa da swavlis. es niSnavs imas, rom ‘daqucmaceba’ aq aris
horizontaluri da ara vertikaluri; es bolo disociacia warmoqmnis – rTul
pirovnebas multiple personality, gansxvavebul fsiqiatriul sindroms.) ori ZiriTadi
maxasiaTebeli gaaCniaT: gandidebis bodva da garemo samyarosadmi interesis dakargva (pirebisa da
sagnebisadmi). fsiqikis am cvlilebidan gamomdinare amgvari avadmyofebi ar eqvemdebarebian
fsiqoanalizis zemoqmedebas, maTi gankurneba SeuZlebelia.
rogorc isteriks, aseve nevrotiksac axasiaTebs akviatebuli mdgomareobebi vinaidan maTi
avadmyofoba aisaxeba samyarosTan damokidebulebaSi, darRveulia realobisadmi normaluri
damokidebuleba. magram analizi gviCvenebs rom msgavs avadmyofebs ar daukargavT erotiuli
damokidebuleba adamianebisa da sagnebis mimarT, is Semonaxulia maTi fantaziis sferoSi. isini
ar moimoqmedeben arafers am obieqtebiT flobis ganxorcielebisaTvis.
mxolod amgvari mdgomareobebisaTvsi aris marTebuli Lung-is mier gamoyenebuli
gamonaTqvami: libidos introversia. parafrenikebis SemTxvevaSi gansxvavebuli viTareba aris.
rogorc Cans, libido CamoSorda adamianebsa da gare samyaros sagnebs da ar momxdara maTi
Canacvleba fantaziis produqtebiT.
froids ainteresebs libidos momarTulobis sakiTxi am SemTxvevaSi, is varaudobs, rom am
SemTxvevaSI garkveul miniSnebebs iZleva gandidebis bodva. is obieqtebis libidos nacvlad
aRmocenda. gare samyarosagan CamoSorebuli libido sakuTar mes ubrundeba, masze momarTuli
xdeba, amgvarad miiReba mdgomareoba romelsac SeiZleba vuwodoT narcisizmi.
libidos Teoriis ganviTarebis mesame SesaZleblobas warmoadgens froidis dakvirvebebi
primitiuli Temebis sulier cxovrebaze da aseve maTi fsiqikis wvdoma. primitiuli Temebis
dakvirvebisas Tavs iCens iseTi maxasiaTebelebi, rac erTeul SemTxvevebSi iqneboda
interpretirebuli rogorc gandidebis bodva. survilebisa da zebunebrivi Zalebis rwmena da a.
S. gare samyaros mimarT aseTive damokidebuleba aqvs Tanamedrove bavSvsac. aqedan gamomdinare
iqmneba STabeWdileba rom pirvel rigSi xdeba libidos koncentracia sakuTar me-ze da
SemdgomSi mxolod misi nawilis gadatana xdeba obieqtebze.
52
SeimCneva me – libidosa da obieqt – libidos dapirispireba/winaaRmdegoba. ra ufro
metad ixarjeba erTi, miT ufro naklebad moqmedia meore.
froidi ganixilavs narcisizmisa da autoerotiulobis damokidebulebis sakiTxs. is
aRniSnavs rom individs ar gaaCnia me pirovnebis erTianoba Tavdapirvelad: me unda ganviTardes,
autoerotiuli ltolvebi ki pirveladia; aqedan gamomdinare autoerotiami unda Seicavdes
kidev raime sxva gancdebsac imisaTvis, rom warmoiqmnas narcisizmi.
me-libidosa da obieqt-libidos faseuloba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom isini aRmocendnen
nevrotuli da fsiqoturi procesebis umniSvnelo gansakuTrebulobebis gadamuSavebis Sedegad.
libidos dayofa me-sa da obieqtTan dakavSirebiT gamomdinareobs sqesualuri ltolvis mes
ltolvisagan gansxvavebiTa da gamoyofiT.
upirveles yovlisa am cnebebis (me da obieqt libido) dayofa SimSilisa da
siyvarulisadmi pirveladi ltolvebis zogadad miRebuli dayofidan gamomdinareobs. meore –
biologiuri mosazrebebic mis sasargeblod metyveleben. individi namdvilad ormag cxovrebas
eweva. misTvis seqsualobac ki aris TavisTavadi, romelsac is aZlevs mTels Zalas, imisaTvis
rom miiRos tkboba. mesame – unda gvaxsovdes rom yvela fsiqologiuri daSvebebi unda iyos
gadatanili organul safuZvelze. aqedan gamomdinare dasaSvebia, rom gansakuTrebuli
nivTierebebi da qimiuri procesebi gamoixateba seqsualobis saxiT da maTi meSveobiT seqsualuri
cxovreba modgmis sicocxlis gagrZelebas ganapirobebs.
froidi xazs usvams im faqts, rom garemoeba sul sxvagvari iqneboda Tuki damtkicdeboda
is rom Sizofreniis SemTxvevaSi libido arSemdgaria. amas amtkicebda C. Jung-i ramac aiZula
froidi am msjelobisadmi. is amtkicebs rom iungis mier moyvanili mtkicebulebebi arasakmarisia.
Tavis mxriv iungi aRniSnavs – “sayuradReboa Tu ras eyrdnoba froidi Tavis namuSevarSi
Shreber’e, rom introversia Libido sexualis ganapirobebs mis koncentracias meze, ris Sedegadac
SesaZlebelia gamowveulia realobis funqciis dakargva.” iungis azriT realobis dakargvis
fsiqologiis amgvari axsna momxiblavad JRers. magram Semdeg is uaryofs am ideas, vinaidan am
SemTxvevaSi Cndeba SesaZlebloba imisa, rom Camoyalibdes asketuri anaqoretis (?) fsiqologia.
magram amgvari anaqoreti SesaZlebelia srulebiT ar gamoxatavdes seqsualur interess adamianis
mimarT, magram mis sublimirebas axdendes RvTaebrivobisadmi interesis gamovleniT, bunebisadmi,
cxovelebisadmi, am dros misi libido ar eqvemdebareba introversias fantaziis sferoSi da ar
ubrundeba mes.
54
froidi aRniSnavs, rom yovel adamians pirveladad gaaCnia ori seqsualuri obieqti:
sakuTari Tavi da misi aRmzrdeli qali, am SemTxvevaSi is TiToeul adamianSi pirveladi
narcisizmis arsebobas uSvebs, romelmac zogierT SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa dominirebuli pozicia
daikavos obieqtis arCevisas.
mamakacisa da qalis gansxvavebulobas froidi Semdegnairad aRwers. obieqtisadmi Rrma
siyvaruls sayrdeni tipis mixedviT, is damaxasiaTeblad miiCnevs mamakacis SemTxvevaSi. amgvari
seqsualuri gadafaseba ganapirobebs Taviseburi Seyvarebulobis mdgomareobas, romelic
nevrotul akviatebas waagavs, risi axsnac SesaZlebelia mesgan libidos warTmeviTa da misi
gadacemiT obieqtisaTvis. sruliad gansxvavebulia ganviTareba wminda da namdvili qalis tipis
SemTxvevaSi. latenturi qaluri sasqeso organoebis Camoyalibebisas viTardeba pirveladi
narcisizmi, romelic ukavSirdeba obieqtis seqsualur gadafasebas. gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevebSi
rodesac ganviTareba silamazis ganviTarebasac ukavSirdeba.
uxeSad rom iTqvas aseTi tipis qalebi sakuTar TavSi arian Seyvarebuli iseTi
intensivobiT rogorc isini uyvarT mamakacebs. aseTi tipis qalebi mamakacebis yuradRebas
ipyroben ara mxolod gansakuTrebuli silamazis gamo, aramed saintereso fsiqologiuri
konstelaciis gamoc. froidi aRniSnavs, rom erTi pirovnebis narcisizmi mimzidvelia iseTi
pirovnebebisaTvis, romelTac uaryofili qondaT sakuTari narcisizmis gancda sruli saxiT da
amitomac miiltvian am adamianisadmi. froidi amtkicebs rom bavSvis momxiblaoba, aseve zogierTi
cxovelis momxiblaobac swored TviTkmari narcisizmis Sedegia. magram froidi aseve aRniSnavs,
rom arsebobs iseTi qalebis kategoriac visac mamakacis tipis mixedviT uyvarT, maT uviTardebaT
am tipisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli seqsualuri gadafaseba.
magram aseve narcisistuli qalebisaTvisac vinc mamakacebisadmi civia, arsebobs obieqtis
siyvarulis SesaZlebloba. xSir SemTxvevaSi bavSvi romelsac isini aCenen, maTTvis sakuTari
sxeulis nawils ganasaxierebs, romelsac maT SeuZliaT obieqtis siyvarulis momarTva mTeli
Tavisi sisruliT, rac gamomdinareobs narcisizmidan. sxva tipis qalebisaTvis arc aris saWiro
bavSvis gaCenis molodini. iqidan gamomdinare rom sqesobriv mowifulobamde isini biWad
aRiqvamdnen sakuTar Tavs, mas Semdeg rac mowifulobasTan erTad msgavsi gamovlinebebi qreba,
isini iseTi mamakacebisadmi ganicdian mizidulobas, vinc arsebiTad maTi biWuri arsebis
gagrZelebas warmoadgenen.
am CamonaTvalis Sedegad froidi Semdeg daskvnamde midis. adamians SeuZlia uyvardes:
1.narcisistuli tipis mixedviT:
a.is rasac warmoadgen TavisTavad (sakuTari Tavi),
b.is rac iyavi adre,
c.is, rac gindoda yofiliyavi,
d.pirovneba, romelic sakuTari Tavis nawili iyo.
2.sayrdenis maZiebeli tipis mixedviT:
a.aRmzrdeli qali,
b.damcveli kaci da mTeli rigi misi Semcvleli pirebisa.
bavSvis pozicia unda iyos His Majesty the Baby (misi udidebulesoba beibi) – vinaidan es
aris is rogoradac miaCndaT sakuTari Tavi TviT mSoblebsac.
froidi aRniSnavs rom bavSvisaTvis yvelaferi saukeTesos survili gamoixateba swored
mSoblebis narcisizmis aRorZinebiT, romelic miuxedavad imisa, rom obieqtisadmi siyvarulSi
aris gardasaxuli, Tavis nadmvil arss mainc gamoxatavs.
57
am idealis ganxorcielebis warumateblobis Sedegad miRebuli daukmayofilebloba
anTavisuflebs homoseqsualur libidos, romelic gardaisaxeba/gadaiqceva sakuTari danaSaulis
SegrZnebaSi/gacnobierebaSi (socialuri SiSi).
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ki rodesac mis Sesaxeb araferia cnobili. rodesac ufrTxi raimes es gulisxmobs
garkveul / gansazRvrul obieqts, romlisac eSiniaT. dafrTxoba ki gulismobs
iseT mdgomareobas, romelic aRmocendeba saSiSroebisas, maSin rodesac subieqti
ar aris misdami mzadyofnaSi, is moulodnelobis moments usvams xazs. froidi ar
Tvlis rom SiSs SeuZlia travmatuli nevrozis gamowveva; SiSi gulisxmobs
raRacas, rac icavs SeSinebisagan / dafrTxobisagan da aqedan gamomdinare icavs
bevrozisaganac, romelic TviT SiSisagan gamomdinareobs.
froidi Tvlis rom sizmris Seswavla unda iyos ganxiluli rogorc
fsiqikuri procesebis yvelaze siRrmiseuli kvlevis xerxi. travmatuli nevroziT
daavadebuli avadmyofis mdgomareoba Zilisas, aRiniSneba im saintereso
maxasiaTebliT, romelic ganapirobebs avamdyofis dabrunebas katastrofis
situaciaSi, romelmac gamoiwvia es daavadeba, amitomac avadmyofi axleburad
SeSinebuli iRviZebs. avadmyofi TiTqos da fsiqikurad fiqsirebulia sakuTar
travmaze. amgvari fiqsireba gancdebze ukve cnobilia isteriis SemTxvevebSic.
breierma da froidma Semdegi saxis debuleba wamoayenes 1893 wels: isterikebi
umeteswilad mogonebebisagan itanjebian.
froidi Tvlis, rom Tuki ar gvinda, rom travmatuli nevrotikebis sizmrebma
gaugebrobaSi Segviyvanon sizmris survilis asrulebis tendenciidan gamomdinare,
unda davaskvnaT rom am mdgomareobaSi sizmris funqcia iseve aris darRveuli da
gadaxrili sakuTari miznebisagan rogorc yvelaferi sxvac, an Tuki amas ar
daveTanxmebiT mes idumal mazohistur tendenciebze unda vifiqroT.
froidi fsiqikuri aparatis qmedebis yvelaze adreul formebs ganixilavs da
magaliTisaTvis bavSvebis TamaSs iRebs.
froidi ganixilavs bavSvs romelTanac garkveuli drois ganamavlobaSi
mezoblad cxovrobda da akvirdeboda. es bavSvi ar iyo winwasuli inteleqtualuri
TvalsazrisiT, Tumca wlinaxevris asakSi ukve ramodenime sityvas iZaxda rac
garSemomyofTaTvis gasagebi iyo. es iyo Zalian “wesieri” bavSvi, is morCilad
asrulebda yvela moTxovnas, ar kidebda xels zogierT raimes ar dadioda iq
sadac ar iyo saWiro da rodesac deda mas rovebda garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi
is ar xmaurobda. is Zalian mijaWvuli iyo sakuTar dedaze, romelic mas kargad
uvlida. am bavSvs qonda Cvevad gadaesrola yvela sagani sadRac Sors, iseT
adgilebSi romelic miuwvdomeli iyo mSoblebisaTvis da rac sakmaod arTulebda
dalagebis process. amave dros is sakmaod didi interesiTa da kmayofilebiT
gamoTqvamda oooooooo!, romelic dedis da aseve damkvirveblis azriTac ara
mxolod Sorisdebuls aramed aseve sityva “ar miekaroT!”-s aRniSnavda. froidma
erTxel ganaxorciela dakvirveba ramac daadastura es mosazreba. bavSvma
gadaisrola xis saTamaSo Tavisi loginidan (Tumca Toki xelSi daitova) da mas
aRmoxda is oooo! Semdeg ki man moqaCa Toks da amoaZvrina saTamaSo loginis
qvevidan da am SemTxvevaSi man warmoTqva “aq”. es iyo dasrulebuli TamaSi, jer
gauCinareba xolo Semdeg ki gamoCena, romlis drosac metwilad pirveli aqti iyo
SesamCnevi – gauCinareba, Tumca ufro meti kmayofileba meores moqonda.
am SemTxvevaSi TamaSis gansazRvra ukve aRar warmoadgenda sirTules.
gamomdinare iqidan rom bavSvs deda tovebda is aRar ewinaaRmdegeboda am faqts. am
uaryofas is anacvlebda imiT, rom sakuTar gankargulebaSi myofi sagnebis msgavsi
tipis gauCinarebasa da Semdeg gamoCenas axdenda, iseve rogorc scenaze. bavSvi
erTgvar kulturul samuSaos atarebda sakuTar TavTan.
froidi axdens uemocio ganxilvasa da interpretirebas am SemTxvevisa da
aRniSnavs, rom bavSvi aqamde iyo pasiuri, is gaognebuli iyo gancdiliT da exla
ukve sakuTar Tavs aqtiur rolSi ayenebs da imeorebs am gancdas miuxedavad imisa,
rom is misTvis mtkivneulia. es ltolva SesaZlebelia flobis survilTan iyos
gaigivebuli.
magram froidi Tvlis rom aseve sxva saxis axsnac aris SesaZlebeli. sagnis
gadagdeba ise rom is arc Cans SesaZlebelia aRniSnavdes bavSvis samagieros
mizRvevas dedisadmi da SesaZlebelia mas daumorCileblobis mniSvneloba qondes
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“diax, wadi aRar mWirdebi da me TviTonve gagzavni.” igive bavSvi rodesac froidi
mogvianebiT akvirdeboda mas, Tavis saTamaSos iatakze anarxebda xolme da dasZenda
“wadi saomrad!”.
froidi aRniSnavs erT mniSvnelovan moments, maSin rodesac bavSvi gancdis
pasiurobidan aqtiurobaSi gadainacvlebs, mas is usiamovno SegrZneba gadaaqvs mis
megobarze (TanamoTamaSeze) da amgvarad is samagieros uxdis mas, visac Caanacvlebs
TanamoTamaSe.
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SegrZnebaSi. “seqsualuri gamokvleva” romelic iyo Semofargluli bavSvis
fizikuri ganviTarebiT, ar aris damakmayofilebeli Sedegebis mqone; aqedan
gamomdinarea Civilebic: verafers ver vakeTeb, araferi ar gamomdis.
froidi xazs usvams Tavsmoxveuli ganmeorebis tendencias, romelic
fsiqikuri cxovrebis Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens, is Tvlis rom fsiqikur
cxovrebaSi amgvari ganmeorebebis tendencia namdvilad arsebobs, romelic
scildeba siamovnebis principis farglebs, da am SemTxvevaSi is Tvlis rom
travmirebuli nevrotikebis sizmrebi da bavSvuri TamaSebic am mxriv am tendenciis
asaxvas warmoadgenen. froids ukve moxseniebuli qonda, Tu ra axsna SeiZleba
qondes bavSvuri TamaSis aRmocenebas. ganmeorebisadmi ltolva da pirdapiri
siamovnebis momtani ltolvebis dakmayofileba am SemTxvevaSi Sinagan kavSirSi
erTiandebian.
froidi svams kiTxvas: Tuki fsiqikur cxovrebaSi arsebobs msgavsi
Tavsmoxveuli ganmeoreba, maSin romel funqcias Seesabameba is, ra
pirobebSi SeiZleba is gamovlindes da rogor ukavSirdeba is
siamovnebis princips, romelsac aqamde fsiqikuri cxovrebis procesebis
mimdinareobis aRgznebas swored mas mivawerT.
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gamomdinare misi substancia cvlilebas ganicdis, aqedan gamomdinare gaRizianebis
procesi gansxvavebuli saxiT mimdinareobs zedapirze siRrmiseul fenebTan
SedarebiT. aqedan gamomdinare yalibdeba iseTi qerqi, romelic imdenad aris ukve
ganmsWvaluli am gaRizianebebiT, rom maTi aRqmisaTvis saukeTeso pirobebs qmnis da
misi momdevno saxecvlileba SeuZlebelia.
rac Seexeba cocxal buStsa da mis qerqul fenovan zedapirs, romelic
aRiqvams gaRizianebas, aRsaniSnavia, rom cocxali materiis es nawili moZraobs
garegan samyaroSi romelic damuxtulia udidesi Zalis energiiT da am buSts rom
ar qondes dacvis maragi (Reisschutz), is daiRupeboda am gaRizianebebis
zemoqmedebiT. cocxali organizmisaTvis amgvari ripis dacva ufro did amocanas
warmoadgens, vidre am gaRizianebebis aRqma, is unda icavdes sakuTar Sinagan
energias garegani energiis damangreveli zemoqmedebisagan, romelic siZlieriT
aRemateba mis sakuTar energias. maRal ganviTarebuli organizmebis SemTxvevaSi es
buSti moTavsebulia organizmis siRrmeSi da mxolod qerqis nawili aris
datovebuli zedapirze. swored es warmoadgens SegrZnebis organoebs, rasac
froidi sacecebs adarebs, romlebic garegan samyaros aRiqvamen.
froidma daadgina rom aracnobieri sulieri movlenebi TavisTavad “drois
farglebs gareT” arian. es negatiuri Tviseba SesaZlebelia iyos gagebuli mxolod
da mxolod cnobier fsiqikur procesebTan SedarebiT. Cvens mier drois
abstraqtuli aRqma gamonaklisis saxiT unda iyos damokidebuli W – Bw sistemis
muSaobis Tvisebaze da unda Seesabamebodes am ukanasknelis TviTaRqmas.
sasiyvarulo cxovrebis damcirebis Sesaxeb
1
fsiqoanalitikoss Tavisuflad SeuZlia aRiaros rom yvelaze xSirad mas mimarTaven
fsiqikuri impotencies problemiT. es ucnauri daavadeba emarTebaT mamakacebs, romelTa sasqeso
organo qmediTunariania sqesobriv aqtamde da mis Semdegac, magram Tavisi specialuri funqciebis
Sesrulebas ver axerxebs, da am dros sqesobrivi aqtis Sesrulebis unaric gaaCnia. pirveli
daskvna romelic gamoaqvs am SemTxvevaSi mamakacs, rom msgavsi ram mas emarTeba mxolod erTeul
SemTxvevaSi romelime qalTan mimarTebaSi, xolo danarCenebTan yvelaferi rigzea. is iZens
darwmunebulobas, rom misi mamakacuri potencies Seyovnebas ganapirobebs seqsualuri obieqtis
gansakuTrebuli niSanTvisebebi. am semTxvevaSi avadmyofi saubrobs garkveuli saxis
winaaRmdegobaze, romelic masSi arsebobs da romelic xels uSlis misi cnobieri ganzraxvis
ganxorcielebas. magram is ver xvdeba Tu raSi mdgomareobs es winaaRmdegoba da dabrkoleba da
obieqtis romeli niSanTviseba iwvevs mis amoqmedebas.
fsiqoanalirikosebis mravali kvlevis Sedegad gamotanili daskvnebi Semdegi saxisaa:
upirveles yovlisa, am paTogenuri masalis zogad Sinaarss warmoadgens libidos incestuozuri
fiqsacia dedaze da daze. aseve yuradsaRebia iseTi mtanjveli seqsualuri STabeWdilebebis
gaTvaliswinebac, romelic ukavSirdeba bavSvur seqsualur gamovlinebebs da saertod yvela
momenti romelic libidos daqveiTebis gamomwvevia, romelic unda iyos mimarTuli qalze,
rogorc seqsualur obieqtze.
am SemTxvevaSi erT-erTi mizezia is, rom ar moxda im ori nakadis SeerTeba, romelic
normaluri sasiyvarulo cxovrebis ganmsazRvrelia, es ori nakadia sinazisa da mgrZnobelobis.
ufro adreuli aris sinazis nakadi. is adreuli wlebidanve iwyebs amoqmedebas. is
dafuZnebulia gadarCenis instinqtis interesebze da mimarTulia ojaxis wevrebsa da im pirebze,
vinc bavSvis movliT aris dakavebuli. is Seesabameba obieqtis bavSvur arCevans. aqedan Cans rom
sqesobrivi ltolvebi pouloben Tavis pirvelad obieqtebs im Sefasebidan gamomdinare romelsac
iZleva me, swored ise rogorc seqsualuri dakmayofileba xorcieldeba im funqciebTan
dakavSirebiT, romelic coxvrebis SenarCunebisaTvis aris saWiro. mSoblebisa da aRmzrdelebis
“sinaze” romelic gamoirCeva erotiulobiT, biZgs aZlevs ltolvis fiqsaciis obieqtebisadmi
erotikis matebas.
bavSvis nazi fiqsaciebi mTeli bavSvobis ganmavlobaSi aris SenarCunebuli, mas uerTdeb
kidev sxva erotiuli gancdebic da aqedan gamomdinare erotika veRar aris mimarTuli Tavisi
sqesobrivi miznebisaken. sqesobrivi momwifebis periodSi (Pubertat) naz fiqsaciebs emateba kidev
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“grZnobiTi” nakadic, romelic Tavis miznebs acnobierebs. vinaidan xdeba misi swrafvebis Setakeba
sisxlisaRrevis SezRudvebTan es nakadi iswrafvis rac SeiZleba Cqara gadavides Sesabamis
obieqtze, romelic ucxoa, da romelTanac iqneboda SesaZlebeli namdvili sqesobrivi aqtis
damyareba. grZnobiTi Seyvarebulobis umaRlesi done dakavSirebulia umaRles fsiqikur
SefasebasTan (mamakacis mier sqesobrivi obieqtis normaluri gadafaseba).
am procesis warumateblobis SemTxvevaSi udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba libidos or
moments. upirveles yovlisa, realuri akrZalvis done, romelic ar uSvebs axali obieqtis
arCevans da individisaTvis mis gaufasurebas axdens. meore aris mimzidvelobis done, romelic
SesaZlebelia gaaCndeT infantilur obieqtebs da romlebsac umjobesia Tavi daaRwio; is
erotiuli fiqsaciis proporcionaluria, romelic mas eniWeboda bavSvobaSi. Tuki es ori
faqtori sakmaod Zlieria, amoqmedebas iwyebs nevrozebis warmoqmna. libido realobas wydeba,
Seipyroba fantaziis moqmedebiT, aZlierebs pirveli bavSvuri obieqtebis magaliTebs da
fiqsirdeba maTze. viTareba ar icvleba maSinac ki rodesac realobaSi warumatebeli procesi
fantaziaSi xorcieldeba. ubralod xdeba pirvandeli obieqtis Canacvleba ucxoTi.
nakadebis Serwymis warumatebloba warmoqmnis SezRudvas obieqtis arCevanSi. rodesac
aqtiuri rCeba grZnobiTi nakadi, is eZebs mxolod iseT obieqtebs, romelic ar axsenebs individs
akrZalul incestuozur pirebs. amgvari tipis adamianebis sasiyvarulo cxovreba gaorebulia, is
poulobs Tavis gamovlinebas xelovnebaSi, rogorc ciuri da miwieri (cxoveli) siyvaruli.
rodesac maT uyvarT ar surT floba, xolo rodesac surT, maSin ar ZaluZT siyvaruli.
amgvari darRvevis sawinaaRmdego mTavar xerxs warmoadgens sqesobrivi obieqtis fsiqikuri
damcireba, xolo gadafaseba am SemTxvevaSi (romelic normalur SemTxvevaSi sqesobriv obieqtzea
mimarTuli) Semoinaxeba incestuozuri obieqtisaTvis.
is pirovnebebs romelTa sinazisa da grZnobiTi nakadebi ar aris Serwymuli, ar gaaCniaT
sakmarisi sinatifis sasiyvarulo grZnoba; maT gaaCniaT sqesobrivi aranormalurobebi, romelTa
daukmayofilebloba iwvevs maTSi siamovnebis daqveiTebas, xolo dakmayofileba SesaZlebelia
mxolod damcirebulebTan, mcire Sefasebis mqone sqesobriv obieqtebTan.
2
garda zemoT CamoTvlilisa froidi Tvlis rom saWiroa fsiqikuri impotencies ufro
zogadi mimoxilva. is gamoyofs im tipis mamakacebs vinc fsiqasTenikebis kategorias ganekuTvneba,
romelTac sqesobrivi aqti warmatebuli aqvT, magram sakmaris siamovnebas ar aniWebT. amgvari
anesTetiuri tipis mamakacebis analogias warmoadgenen frigiduli qalebi, romlebic TavisTavad
fsiqikuri impotenciasTan axlos dganan.
froidi aRniSnavs rom sinazisa da grZnobiTi nakadebi mxolod inteleqtualuri
mamakacebis mcire raodenobas aqvs kargad Serwymuli. Tavis srul potencias igi avlens mxolod
mdabio obieqtTan. amgvari garemoeba aseve xasiaTdeba imiT, rom mamakaci ar avlens garyvnilobis
im komponentebs romlebic mis sqesobriv ltolvas miekuTvneba, is ver bedavs maT
ganxorcielebas im qalTan, romelic pativiscemis Rirsia. SesaZloa rom maRali klasis
warmomadgeneli mamakacebis midrekileba SearCion sayvareli an kanonieri meuRle mdabio qalebis
warmomadgenlebs Soris, swored ganpirobebulia damcirebuli sqesobrivi obieqtis
moTxovnilebiT, romelsac fsiqologiurad ukavSirdeba sruli dakmayofilebis SesaZlebloba.
froidi Tvlis, rom SesaZloa es paradoqsalurad JRers, magram is visac surs
sasiyvarulo cxovrebaSi iyos Tavisufali da bednieri, man unda daZlios pativiscema qalisadmi
da Seurigdes sisxlaRrevis warmodgenas dedasTan da dasTan.
qalis SemTxvevaSi sqesobrivi obieqtis damcirebis moTxovnileba Zalian mcirea; amas
ukavSirdeba is garemoebac, rom qals ar gaaCnia mamakacis msgavsi sqesobrivi gadafaseba.
froidi Tvlis rom sasiyvarulo cxovrebis akrZalvas qalisaTvis iseTive mniSvneloba
aqvs rogoric mamakacisaTvis sqesobrivi obieqtis damcirebas. orive movlena warmoadgens
sqesobrivi cxovrebis dawyebis xangrZlivi droiT gadadebas sqesobrivi simwifis Semdeg, rasac
moiTxovs aRzrda kulturuli miznebidan gamomdinare.
3
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froidi yuradRebas amaxvilebs ara obieqtebze aramed ltolvebze. is aRniSnavs, rom
SeuzRudavi sqesobrivi Tavisuflebac ar iwvevs sasurvel Sedegebs. imisaTvis rom moxdes
libidos aRgznebis mateba, aucilebelia winaaRmdegobis momatebac. froids moyavs antikuri xnis
magaliTi, rodesac SezRudva sasiyvarulo cxovrebas ar gaaCnda. siyvaruli gaufasurebuli iyo,
cxovreba ki carieli. saWiro iyo mZlavri “reaqtiuli warmonaqmnebi” rom Semqmniliyo afeqturi
Rirebulebebi. qristianulma akrZalvebma siyvaruls fsiqikuri Rirebuleba mianiWa, rac ver
mianiWa mas warmarTulma kulturam.
zogadad sworia, rom ltolvis fsiqikuri mniSvneloba maRldeba misi dakmayofilebis
uaryofiT. am SemTxvevaSi froidi am winaaRmdegobi or moments gamoyofs: pirveli aris is, rom
obieqtis SerCevis ormagi mcdelobidan gamomdinare, incestuozuri akrZalvis Sualeduri
gamovlinebiT, sqesobrivi ltolvis saboloo obieqti arasodes ar Seesabameba pirvels, aramed
warmoadgens mis surogats. surogati – zogadad es aris adamiani, romelic iRebs
sxvis funqcias da rols. meore – froidi amtkicebs, rom sqesobrivi ltolva mraval
komponents Seicavs – SeuZlebelia yvela iyos Sesuli mis gviandel warmonaqmnSi – saWiroa maTi
daTrgunva an gansxvavebuli saxiT gamoyeneba. (sadisturi midrekilebani da a. S.) ZiriTadi
procesebi, romlebic sasiyvarulo aRgznebas iwveven xelSeuxebeli rCebian. eqskrementaluri
Zalian mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli seqsualurTan. swored aq froidi ixsenebs napoleonis
droul gamoTqmas “anatomia bedisweras ganagebs”. genitaliebs ar ganuxorcielebiaT ganviTareba
esTetiuri srulyofis mxriv, isini isev cxoveluri sawyisis mqone arian, aqedan gamomdinare
siyvarulic Tavis safuZvelSi cxoveluria, rogoric is iyo dasabamidanve.
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gogos oidiposis kompleqsi gacilebiT ufro calmxrivia, biWTan SedarebiT. froidis
gamocdilebidan gamomdinare es kompleqsi mxolod iSviaT SemTxvevaSi cildeba dedis
Canacvlebis survils da qalur ganwyobas mamis mimarT. gogo gadadis bavSvze, rac TavisTavad
simboluria, misi oidiposis kompleqsi xangrZlivi drois ganmvlobaSi mamisagan Svilis miRebis
survilamde viTardeba, mas surs mamisaTvis bavSvis gaCena. gamodis rom gogo ufro xangrZlivi
drois ganmavlobaSi gadis oidiposis kompleqss, vinaidan es survili arasodes ar asruldeba.
orive es survili – penisis floba da bavSvis gaCena – aracnobierSi ganagrZobs arsebobas, isini
aqtivobas inarCuneben da qalis arsebas gviandeli sqesobrivi rolisadmi ganawyobs. zogadad
aRsaniSnavia rom gogos ganviTarebis procesebis Sesaxeb cnobebi aradamakmayofilebeli da
arasrulia.
zemoT aRwerili oidiposis kompleqsis droiTi ad kauzaluri urTierTdamokidebulebani,
seqsualuri daSineba (kastraciis muqara), ze-mes warmoqmna da latenturi periodis dadgoma –
tipiuria. magram am procesebis qronologiuri da Tanmimdevruli cvlilebebi umiSvnelovanesia
individuumis ganviTarebisaTvis.
qalwulobis tabu
imis moTxovna rom qorwinebisas erT mamakacTan qals ar qondes mogoneba sxva kacTan
arsebuli urTierTobisa, warmoadgens qalis flobis gansakuTrebul uflebas, romelic
monopoliis arsis Camoyalibebas ganapirobebs. amave dros xdeba am monopoliis ganvrcoba
warsulzec.
is vinc pirveli akmayofilebs gogos mier xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi daTrgunul
siyvarulisadmi ltolvas da amave dros im winaaRmdegobasac gadalaxavs romelic
ganpirobebulia garemosa da aRzrdis Sedegad, is masTan xangrZliv kavSirSi Sedis, romlis
SesaZleblobac aRar eZleva meti aravis. am gancdis Sedegad qals uyalibdeba “daqvemdebarebis
mdgomareoba”, romelic nawilobriv winaaRmdegobas uwevs masze sxva mamakacebis mxridan
STabeWdilebis moxdenisa da gavlenis SesaZleblobas.
gamoTqma “seqsualuri daqvemdebarebuloba” SemoTavazebulia Krafft-Ebing-is mier im
faqtis aRsaniSnavad, rom erTi pirovneba SesaZlebelia aRmoCndes srul daqvemdebarebulobasa da
damokidebulebaSi sxvis mimarT, romelTanac is sqesobriv kavSirSi imyofeba.
daqvemdebarebulobis grZnoba SesaZlebelia ganviTardes ukiduresobamde, damoukidebeli survili
arsebobis dakargvis CaTvliT. seqsualuri daqvemdebarebulobis aseTi wili sinamdvileSi
aucilebelia kulturuli qorwinebis SenarCunebisaTvis da misTvis mavnebeli poligamiuri
tendenciebis daTrgunvisaTvis.
seqsualuri daqvemdebarebulobis axsnas Krafft-Ebing-i erTis mxriv “Seyvarebulobis
uCveulo doniTa da xasiaTis sisustiT”, xolo meores mxriv usazRvro egoizmiT axdens.
“daqvemdebarebuloba” xSir SemTxvevaSi gvxvdeba qalebTan vidre mamakacebTan, xolo
ukanasknelis SemTxvevaSi Cvens droSi ufro xSirad vidre antikur xanasTan SedarebiT.
primitiuli xalxis SemTxvevaSi, defloracia TavisTavad warmoadgens aqts, romelsac
Zalian didi mniSvneloba eniWeba, magram is maTTvis tabuirebuli xdeba da religiuri aRkveTis
dasaxelebas imsaxurebs. imis sanacvlod rom qali mis momaval saqmros SesTavazon, adaTi
moiTxovs imas, rom swored man Seikavos Tavi amisagan.
froids moyavs qalwulobis dakargvis ramodenime magaliTi primitiuli xalxebis
adaTebidan gamomdinare. mas surs ganasxvavos “ceremonialuri” sqesobrivi aqti (formaluri,
sazeimo da oficialuri) da normaluri sqesobrivi aqti.
qalwulobis tabus axsnisas froidi Tvlis rom gansxvavebuli momentebis miTiTeba aris
SesaZlebeli, romelTac is mcired Sefasebas aniWebs. qalwulis defloraciis SemTxvevaSi,
Cveulebriv sisxlis daRvra xdeba; pirveli mcdeloba axsnisa aris swored is SiSi, romelic
gaaCniaT primitiul xalxebs sisxlis danaxvisas, vinaidan maTi azriT cxovreba sisxlSia. am
pirvel tabus araferi saerTo ar gaaCnia seqsualurobasTan, rogorc Cans is dakavSirebulia
mkvelelobis akrZalvasTan da warmoadgens dacvis saSualebas pirveladi gaumaZRrobisagan кров .
qalwulobis amgvari tabus dacva kavSirSia aseve menstruaciis tabusTanac. pirvelyofil
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adamians ar SeuZlia ganasxvavos Tviuri sisxldenis saidumlo fenomeni sadisturi
warmodgenebisagan.
magram mxolod sisxlis SiSiT ar aixsneba tabus arseboba, vinaidan velurebs aseve
sasqeso organoebis dacveTis ritualuebic gaaCniaT. meore axsna jer kidev ar iTvaliswinebs
seqsualur Sinaarss, magram ufro siRrmiseul aspeqtebs moicavs. primitiuli adamiani aris
mudmivad arsebuli SiSis msxverpli, msgavsad nevrotikisa, romelsac is eqvemdebareba
fsiqoanalitikuri swavlebis mixedviT. SiSisadmi amgvari mixriloba, Tavs iCens umeteswilad im
SemTxvevebSi rodesac saqme gvaqvs raime moulodnelTan, siaxlis momtanTan, uCveulosTan,
gaugebarTan, SiSismomgvrelTan. pirveli sqesobrivi urTierToba, yovelmizezgareSe aris aqti,
romelic iwvevs SiSs, miTumetes rom adgili aqvs sisxlis daRvras.
mesame ganmarteba, romelsac Crawley upiratesobas aniWebs, yuradRebas miapyrobs im
faqts, rom qalwulobis tabu im movlenaTa kavSirs uerTdeba, romelic mTels seqsualur
cxovrebas moicavs. ara mxolod pirveli sqesobrivi kavSiri qalTan warmoadgens TavisTavad
tabus, aramed sqesobrivi aqti TavisTavad, da SeiZleba iTqvas TviT qali warmoadgens tabus.
froidi aRniSnavs qalisa da mamakacis dacalkevebis mniSvnelobas, periodebi rodesac qali
warmoadens tabus da mamakaci mas ar ekareba – menstruacia, orsuloba, orsulobis Semdgomi
periodi.
froidi aRniSnavs, rom iq sadac primitiulma adamianma Camoayaliba tabu, arsebobs SiSi
qalis winaSe. SesaZloa es SiSi aixsnebodes imiT, rom qali gansxvavebulia mamakacisagan, is
yovelTvis gaugebaria da idumali, gaucxoebuli da aqedan gamomdinare mtruli. mamakacs eSinia
dasustdes qalisagan, rom mas gadaedos misi qaluroba da aqedan gamomdinare darCes uunaro.
primitiuli xalxis cxovrebis mravali damkvirvebeli aRniSnavs, rom maTi sasiyvarulo
wamowyebebi SedarebiT sustia, da isini arasodes ar aRweven iseT intensivobas rogoric
axasiaTebs kulturul kacobriobas. tabus CamoTvlili adaTebi migviTiTeben rom arsebobs
garkveuli Zala, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba siyvaruls, vinaidan is uaryofs qals rogorc ucxosa
da mtruls.
fsiqoanalizis mixedviT narcisizmis mTavar mizezs, rac qalebisadmi uaryofiT
damokidebulebaSi vlindeba, warmoadgens misi warmomavloba kastraciuli kompleqsidan da am
kompleqsis gavlena exeba qalis Sesaxeb arsebul mosazrebas.
froidi aRniSnavs Tavis naSroms “Totem and tabu”; sadac is Sefasebas aZlevs pirvelad
ambivalentobas tabus mniSvnelobisaTvis da icavs tabus warmomavlobis mosazrebas
preistoriuli procesebidan dawyebuli, ramac adamianis ojaxis Camoyalibebas Seuwyo xeli.
awmyoSi primitiul xalxTan arsebuli tabu ganviTarebulia moxerxebul sistemaSi,
romelic nevrotikebis mier ganviTarebuli fobiebis msgavsia, xolo tabus moZvelebuli
motivebi – enacvlebian axals, harmoniulad SeTanxmebuls. froidi aRniSnavs, rom primitiuli
adamiani ayalibebs tabus iq, sadac is saSiSroebas xedavs. meores mxriv is miCveulia moaxdinos
sakuTari mtruli sulieri ganwyobebis proecirebas garegan samyaroze, is maT miawesr obieqtebs,
romelTac miiCnevs arasasiamovnod an ucxod. aseTi saSiSroebis sawyiss misTvis warmoadgens
qali, xolo masTan pirveli sqesobrivi aqti misTvis gansakuTrebiT did saSiSroebas
warmoadgens.
froidis azriT, rodesac qali exveva mamakacs sqesobrivi aqtis Semdeg da gamoxatavs mis
mimarT siTbos, es madlierebis gamoxatuleba aris da amiT is mamakacs erTgulebas pirdeba.
magram aseve cnobilia, rom amgvari saqcieli ar vrceldeba pirveli sqesobrivi aqtis
SemTxvevazec. xSir SemTxvevaSi is qalisaTvis imedgacruebis momtania. amgvari sawyisi
frigidulobis niSnebidan mivdivarT mudmivi sicivis gamoxatulebamde.
pirveli sqesobrivi kavSirisagan Tavis daRwevis mcdelobebs froidi ukavSirebs qalebis
zogad swrafvas winaaRmdegobisaken. froidis azriT qalis frigidulobis axsnas paTologiuri
SemTxvevebi iZlevian. mas moyvanili aqvs erT-erTi magaliTi rodesac qals miuxedavad didi
siyvarulisa misi meuRlis mimarT, qonda midrekileba gamoexata agresia da xelic ki aewia masze.
froidis azriT is saSiSroeba romelic aRmocendeba qalis defloraciis Sedegad,
mdgomareobs imaSi, rom defloraciis aqtiT SesaZlebelia mtruli ganwyobis gamowveva, da
swored momaval meuRles unda qondes safuZveli imisa, rom am mtrul ganwyobas daaRwios Tavi.
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pirveli sqesobrivi aqtis dros aRmocendeba sulieri moZraobebis mTeli rigi. pirvel
rigSi froidi aRniSnavs tkivilis mniSvnelobas romelic gamowveulia defloraciis aqtiT,
zogierTi mxolod am movlenas aniWebs gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas. Tumca es ase ar aris. ufro
meti mniSvneloba eniWeba SebRalul narcisistulobas, romelic gamomdinareobs organos
darRvevidan, rasac emateba is rom xdeba gacnobiereba imisa, rom defloracia seqsualur
faseulobas amcirebs.
imedgacruebis meore mizezs warmoadgens (kulturuli qalis SemTxvevaSi) is, rom
molodinebis gamarTleba ar xdeba. am momentamde sqesobrivi aqti iyo asociirebuli
akrZalvasTan, aqedan gamomdinare daSvebuli sqesobrivi aqti veRar aRiqmeba. amaze metyvelebs
qalebis midrekileba damalon sasiyvarulo urTierTobebi da ar gaumxilon amis Sesaxeb aravis.
zogierT SemTxvevaSi es motivi SesaZlebelia imdenad ganviTardes, rom qals aRar qondes imis
unari, rom uyvardes Tavisi meuRle. is Tavis mgrZnobelobas isev moipovebs mxolod akrZalul
urTierTobebSi.
ufro meti miSvnelobis mqonea Semdegi momenti, romelic libidos ganviTarebas exeba. am
SemTxvevaSi froids libidos fiqsacia aqvs mxedvelobaSi, romelic exeba mamas, Zmas. qals
meuRle uyvars mxolod rogorc maTi Semcvleli, is misTvis ar aris “namdvili”. yvelaferi
damokidebulia libidos fiqsacis intensivobaze. frigiduloba aqedan gamomdinare, nevrozis
genetikur pirobebs miekuTvneba.
garda am aRwerili sulieri moZraobebisa, aRmocendeba kidev ramodenime, romelic
saerTod ewinaaRmdegeba qalur rolsa da funqcias.
am SemTxvevaSi froidi aRniSnavs “penisisadmi Suris” moments. is am movlenas “kastraciis
kompleqss” miakuTvnebs. am saqciels adleris mixedviT SeiZleba vuwodoT “mamakacurobisadmi
protesti” – es dasaxeleba aRniSnavs imas, rom es faqtori nevrotulobis matarebelia.
SemdgomSi froidis mtkicebiT gogos libido miemarTeba mamisaken da penisis nacvlad mas surs
bavSvis yola.
Semdeg froids magaliTad moyavs axlad daqorwinebuli qalis sizmari, romelic
warmoadgenda reaqcias defloraciaze. misi azriT is gamoxatavda qalis survils moexdina
meuRlis kastrireba da Seenaxa penisi TavisTvis. am Suris miRma vlindeba qalis gaboroteba
mamakacis mimarT, rac naTlad gamoixateba “emansipirebuli” qalebis literaturul nawarmoebSi.
qalis amgvar mtrul ganwyobas Ferenczi ganixilavs paleobiologiuri xasiaTis
mosazrebiT, romelic exeba sqesTa diferenciaciis epoqas. Tavdapirvelad misi azriT kopulacia
mimdinareobda erTgvari individebis Soris, romelTagan erT-erTi ganviTarda da aiZula meores
sqesobrivi urTierTobis ganxorcieleba.
froidi ajamebs yvelafers da akeTebs daskvnas, rom qalis moumwifebeli seqsualoba
ganimuxteba im mamakacze, romelic pirvelad acnobs mas seqsualur aqts.
kulturis ufro maRal safexurebze am saSiSroebis mniSvneloba gadainacvlebs ukana
fonze “daqvemdebarebulobis” SepirebasTan SedarebiT, xolo qalwuloba ganixileba rogorc
garkveuli ZRveni, romelzedac mamakacma ar unda ganacxados uari. magram qorwinebebis analizi
gviCvenebs, rom is motivebi romelic aRiZvreba defploraciis aqtis Sedegad ar qreba ukvalod
kulturuli qalis sulieri cxovrebidanac ki. damkvirvebeli SeamCnevs rom pirveli
qorwinebebis umetesobaSi qali frigidulia da Tavs ubedurad grZnobs, xolo ganqorwinebis
Semdeg is mTels Tavis sinazesa da siyvaruls meore qmars aniWebs. is arqauli reaqcia sruliad
amowuruli iqna pirvel obieqtze.
daskvnisas froidi ambobs rom: defloracias gaaCnia ara mxolod kulturuli Sedegebi –
qalis samudamo mijaWvuloba mamakacisadmi; is aseve saSualebas aZlevs mamakacisadmi arqauli
mtruli reaqciis ganmuxtvas, romelmac SesaZloa paTologiuri formebi miiRos da gamovlindes
qorwinebis sasiyvarulo cxovrebis SeyovnebaSi, swored am eraqciis mizezia is faqti rom meore
qorwinebebi xSir SemTxvevaSi ufro warmatebuli aris, vidre pirveli. am mtruli reaqciidan
gamomdinare gamarTlebulia is SiSi, romelsac ganicdis primitiuli xalxis SemTxvevaSi mamakaci
da romlis gamoc is Tavidan icilebs defloracias.
sainteresoa, rom analitikoss SesaZloa Sexvdes orive saxis sapirispiro reaqciac,
daqvemdebarebisa da mtrulobis. xSir SemTxvevaSi qali cdilobs gaeyaros Tavis yofil
69
Seyvarebuls, meuRles, magram rogorc ki surs vinme sxva Seuyvaros uneblied im pirveli
meuRlis xati uCndeba Tvalwin, rac metyvelebs imaze rom is jer kidev mijaWvulia Tavis
yofil meuRleze ara sinazis gamo, aramed daqvemdebarebulobis gamo. is ver Tavisufldeba
misgan vinaidan ar miuzRvia samagiero, xolo zogierT SemTxvevaSi saerTod verc ki
gaucnobierebia Tavisi sulieri samagieros mizRvevis survilebi.
Wiwimacher-is mimarT Tavisi interesis gamo man sruliad Taviseburi TamaSi gamoigona.
SemosasvlelSi moTavsebulia klozeti da saTavso. hansi midis am saTavsoSi da iZaxis: “me
davdivar Cems klozetSi”. erTxelac me iq Sevixede, rom menaxa riTia dakavebuli. Turme Tavis
peniss aSiSvlebs da ambobs: “me vakeTeb wiwi-s”. es niSnavs imas, rom klozets TamaSobs. TamaSis
xasiaTi vlindeba ara mxolod imaSi rom is ar urinirebs sinamdvileSi, aramed imaSic, rom
ncvlad klozetSi siarulisa is amjobinebs saTavsos, romelsac “Tavis klozets” eZaxis.
hansis seqsualuri cxovrebis autoerotiuli maxasiaTeblebis garda, aseve mis mamas
SeuZlia gvamcnobos misi sasiyvarulo damokidebulebebis Sesaxeb sxva bavSvebTan mimarTebaSi,
raSic “obieqtis arCevanis” gakeTeba SeiZleba iyos konstatirebuli zrdasruli adamianis
msgavsad. aqac SesamCnevia moqniloba da poligamiuri mixrilobebi.
“zamTarSi (3 da 3/4 wlis) hansi mimyavs sasrialoze sadac Cemi kolegis ori qaliSvili
gavacani. isini daaxloebiT 10 wlis arian. miuxedavad gogoebis mxridan miuReblobisa, hansi maT
mimarT grZnobebiT ganimsWvaleba, miuxedavad imisa, rom amas ar aqvs gavlena gogoebze. hansi maT
“Tavis gogoebs” uwodebs. rodesac saxlSi brundeba kiTxulobs: “rodis waval sasrialoze, Cems
gogoebTan?”
hansTan stumrobs misi 5 wlis biZaSvili (hansi 4 wlisaa). hansi mas ramodenimejer
exuteba da erTxelac aRiarebs: “me Sen ise miyvarxar”.
es aris homoseqsualobis pirveli magram ara ukanaskneli maxasiaTebeli. patara hansi
garyvnilobis magaliTad iqceva.
“Cven gadavediT sxva binaze. (hansi 4 wlisaa) samzareulos kari aivanze gadis, saidanac
mopirdapire mxares ganlagebuli bina Cans. iq hansma 7-8 wlis gogona aRmoaCina. imisaTvis rom
mas uTvalTvalos hansi jdeba safexurze da saaTobiT ar Sordeba adgils. gansakuTrebiT
naSuadRevs 4 sT-ze SeuZlebelia misi SeCereba oTaxebSi an CamoSoreba sameTvalyureo postidan.
erTxelac rodesac gogo Cveul dros ar brundeba, hansi yvelas ekiTxeba: “rodis mova Cemi
gogo?” sad ari gogo?” xolo rodesac is gamoCndeba, hansi bednieria da Tvals ar aSorebs
gogos binas. am “manZilze arsebuli siyvarulis” siZliere aixsneba imiT rom hanss ar yavs
megobrebi. bavSvis normaluri ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia mudmivi urTierToba sxva
bavSvebTan.
msgavsi urTierToba misTvis SesaZlebelia gaxda rodesac sazafxulod gmundenSi gadavida.
masTan erTad maspinZlis Svilebi TamaSoben. miuxedavad imisa, rom maT wreSi bevri gogoa, hansis
favoritia frici, romelsac is xSirad exuteba da eficeba siyvaruls. erTxelac kiTxvaze Tu
romeli gogo moswons mas yvelaze metad is pasuxobs: “frici”. amave dros gogoebTan
mimarTebaSi is agresiulia da Tavi uWiravs mamakacad, dampyroblad, exuteba da kocnis maT, rac
magaliTad mowons bertas. magram misdami siyvarulis gamoxatva xels ar uSlis hanss sxva
gogoebTanac msgavsi urTierTobis damyarebisaTvis. mas mowons marika – maspinZlis 14 wlis
gogo. erTxelac saRamos man ganacxada, rom marikasTan erTad surs Zili. rodesac mas uebnebian
rom es SeuZlebelia is iZaxis: “maSin marikam daiZinos dedasTan an mamasTan”. mas uebnebian rom
esec SeuZlebelia, vinaidan marika Tavis ded-mamasTan iZinebs:
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hansi: “maSin me Caval da daviZineb marikasTan”.
deda: “Sen namdvilad ginda miatovo deda da Caxvide qveviT?”
hansi: “magram me xom davbrundebi diliT yavaze”.
deda: “Tu namdvilad ginda miatovo deda da mama, waiRe Seni qurTuki, sacvali da
kargad!”
hansi iRebs Tavis nivTebs da Cadis qveviT, saidanac mas ra Tqma unda abruneben”.
(am survilis miRma ifareba sxva ram: mas surs, rom marika, romelTanac is atarebs drois
umetes nawils, Semovides maT saxlSi. garda amisa kidev sxva ram. vinaidan hansis ded-mama
iSviaTad, magram mainc iyvandnen mas TavianT loginSi, mSoblebis gverdze wola erotiul
SegrZnebebs aRvivebda bavSvSi, aqedan gamomdinare marikasTan wolis survili erotiul sazriss
Seicavs. hansisaTvis, rogorc yvela sxva bavSvisaTvis mSoblebTan erTad loginSi wola
erotiuli aRznebis wyaros warmoadgens.)
miuxedavad Tavisi homoseqsualuri mixrilobisa hanss dedamisTan Tavi ise uWiravs
rogorc es namdvil mamakacs Sehferis.
aRwerilia misi grZnobebi restoranSi myofi 8 wlis gogo mimarT. rogor wiTldeba da
morcxvobs da a. S. xazgasmulia is faqtori, rom maSin rodesac is agresiulia Sin, aq Tavis
uWiravs rogorc Tayvanismcemeli. SesaZlebelia es dakavSirebulia imasTan, rom masTan saxlSi
myofi gogoebi – soflis gogoebis arian, es ki – kulturuli qambatonia.
imisaTvis, rom hansi ar darCes am gogos mimarT aRzevebli siyvarulis daZabul
mdgomareobaSi, deda patiJebs gogos maT ezoSi saTamaSod, im droisaTvis rodesac hansi sadilis
Semdeg gamoiZinebs. hansi imdenad aris aRgznebuli gogos mosalodneli vizitiT, rom pirvelad
ver axerxebs gamoZinebas sadilis Semdgom. deda ekiTxeba Tu ratom ver iZinebs da isic
pasuxobs, rom fiqrobs im gogoze. amave dros hansma yvelas mouyva gogos mosalodneli vizitis
Sesaxeb da marikas ekiTxeboda: “rogor fiqrob makocebs is Tu ara?”
magram sadilis Semdeg modioda wvima da viziti ver ganxorcielda. hansi ki gaerTo
bertasa da olRasTan”.
deda bans hanss diliT (4 da 4/1 wlis) rogorc yovelTvis da dabanis Semdeg amSralebs
da pudrs ayris. rodesac is frTxilad ayris pudrs peniss hansi ekiTxeba: “ratom ar mexebi
TiTiT?”
deda: “imitom rom es Rorobaa”.
hansi: “ras niSnvas Roroba? ratom?”
deda: “imitom rom es uwesobaa”.
hansi: “magram sasiamovnoa”.
amave dros hanss saintereso sizmari esizmreba, romelic gamoirCeva gambedaobiT dedasTan
mimarTebaSi simamacis gamovlenasTan SedarebiT. misi ganmarteba mxolod da mxolod mamis Sors
mWvretelobiT gaxda SesaZlebeli.
“dRes Rame me vifiqre: erTi ambobda: vis unda CemTan mosvla? maSin viRaca eubneba: “me”.
maSin man unda aiZulos igi gaakeTos wiwi.”
Semdgomi kiTxvebidan aRmoCndeba, rom vizualuri STabeWdilebebi aq ar arsebobs, mxolod
audialuria. aseve es sizmari warmoadgens im TamaSis gadmonaSTs, romelic hansma maspinZlis
bavSvebTan erTad iTamaSa ramodenime dRis win. es aris TamaSis wabaZva, romlis drosac hanss
surs, rom is visac eubnebian ra unda gaakeTos, unda urinirebdes.
ra Tqma unda es procesi hansisaTvis sasiamovno mniSvnelobas iZens. gaseirnebis dros am
samsaxurs hanss uwevs mama.
ori dRis win, rogorc ukve iyo aRniSnuli man dedas kiTxa Tu ratom ar exeba peniss.
guSin rodesac urinirebisaTvis gverdze gaviyvane, man pirvelad mTxova saxlis ukana mxares
gameyvana, rom aravis ar daenaxa da aRniSna: “berta da olRa SarSan miyurebdnen rodesac wiwi-s
vakeTebdi”. Cemi azriT am mosazrebas aqvs Semdegi mniSvneloba, maSin misTvis sasiamovno iyo
gogonebis cnobismoyvareoba, exla ki – ara. eksgibicionisturi siamovneba (sasqeso organoebis
gaSiSvlebis) exla ukve gandevnas eqvemdebareba. es gandevna, warmoadgens imis ganmartebas, Tu
ratom vlindeba es survili sizmarSi. amis Semdeg me davakvirdi, rom mas undoda wiwi-s
gakeTeba yvelasgan farulad”.
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venaSi gadasvlis Semdeg, mama isev afiqsirebs kidev erT dakvirvebas. rodesac banen anas,
hansi uyurebs mas da sicils iwyebs. rodesac mas ekiTxebian ratom, is iZaxis rom anas
Wiwimacher-i lamazia.
es aris cru pasuxi, magram am formulirebiT is axdens qalisa da mamakacis sasqeso
organos gnsxvavebas, imis nacvlad rom uaryofdes mas.
mamis yovelkvireuli angariSi: aRwerilia hansis SiSebi didi cxovelebis miamrT, rodesac
mSoblebs is miyavT SonbrunSi. mas ar unda Sesvla iq sadac aris Jirafi da spilo, romelic
adre misTvis saintereso iyo. didi cxovelebisadmi SiSs gamoxatavs, xolo patarebTan Tavs
kargad grZnobs.
amasTan dakavSirebiT mama eubneba, rom mas imitom eSinia didi cxovelebis, rom maT didi
wiwimacher-i aqvT.
momdevno dReebis ganmavlobaSi SiSi matulobs. hansi WiSkridan ar gadis.
mamasTan saubrisas hansis mier gamoTqmuli damamSvidebeli sityva gamoaSkaravebs
sinamdviles da saSualebas iZleva mamis msjelobaSi Sesworebis SetanisaTvis. marTalia rom
hanss eSinia didi cxovelebis, vinaidan mas uwevs maT did wiwimacher-ze fiqri, magram
SeuZlebelia imis Tqma Tu ras ganicdis igi yvelaze did wiwimacher-Tan dakavSirebiT. masze
warmoadgena rogorc Cans hansisaTvis siamovnebis momgvreli iyo da is yvelanairad cdilobda
rogorme daenaxa es wiwimacher-i. swored im droidan siamovneba Seicvala usiamovnebiT,
romelmac CvenTvis gaugebari saSualebiT hansis seqsualuri gamokvleva moicva da ramac hansi
SedarebiT mtkivneul daskvnamde miiyvana. rogorc misi damaSvidebeli sityvidan – wiwimacher-i
CemTan erTad gaizrdeba, SesaZlebelia davaskvnaT, rom sakuTari dakvirvebebis ganmavlobaSi hansi
Sedarebebs axdenda da daukmayofilebeli darCa sakuTari wiwimacher-is zomiT. am defeqts mas
didi cxovelebi cxovelebi axseneben da swored am mizeziT isini arasasiamovnoni arian
hansisTvis. magram vinaidan mTeli es azrTa msvleloba SeuZlebelia iyos gacnobierebuli, es
damamZimebeli SegrZneba SiSSi gadaizrdeba. aqedan gamomdinare misi SiSi agebulia rogorc
adreul siamovnebaze, aseve amJamindel usiamovnebazec. rodesac SiSis mdgomareoba
Camoyalibebulia, SiSi StanTqavs yvela danarCen SegrZnebas. rodesac gandevnis procesi
progresirebs da ukve gacnobierebuli, afeqtTan dakavSirebuli warmodgenebi kidev ufro metad
gadaiwevian aracnobierSi – maSin SesaZlebelia rom yvela afeqti gadaizardos SiSSi.
aseve dedis mxridan adreuli muqaris Sesaxeb aris xazgasmuli. savsebiT SesaZlebelia,
rom kastraciis muqaram drois sakmaod didi monakveTis Semdeg iqonia gavlena da swored exla
1 1/4 wlis Semdgom hanss sakuTari mes Zvirfasi nawilis dakargvis SiSi gauCnda. msgavsi
brZanebebisa da muqarebis gavlenebis zemoqmedeba sxva avadmyofobebis SemTxvevebSic SesaZlebelia
iyos SemCneuli, rodesac droiTi intervali aTwleulebsa da ufro metsac moicavs.
aRwerilia SemTxveva rodesac hansi RamiT ded-mamis loginSi SemoZvra da daiZina.
meore dRes mama maT dialogs iwers, romelSic hansi yveba Tavisi azrebis Sesaxeb:
hansi: “RamiT oTaxSi iyo erTi didi da meore dakuWuli Jirafi, didma yvirili atexa
imirom, rom me mas dakuWuli wavarTvi. Semdeg man Sewyvita yvirili da me dakuWul Jirafs
davajeqi”.
fantazia JirafebTan dakavSirebiT imave dRes poulobs axsna-ganmartebas.
didi Jirafi – aris mama (didi penisi – grZeli yeli), dakuWuli Jirafi – aris deda
(misi sasqeso organoebi).
yvelaferi es aris im scenis reproduqcia, romelic am bolo dros TiTqmis yovel dilas
meordeboda. hansi diliT Semodis mSoblebTan, deda ver ikavebs Tavs da ramodenime wutiT igi
loginSi ayavs. mama am dros mas arwunebs, rom amis gakeTeba ar Rirs (“didi Jirafi yviroda
imitom, rom me mas dakuWuli wavarTvi.”) deda mamas gaRizianebuli pasuxobs, rom es uazrobaa,
rom SeuZlebelia erT wuTs raime zegavlena qondes da a. S. ris Semdegac hansi ramodenime xani
masTan rCeba (didi Jirafi Cumdeba da me dakuWuls davajeqi.)
froidi mamis msjelobas kidev erT danamats ukeTebs: hansisaTvis “raimeze dajdoma”
flobis Sesabamisia. aqedan gamomdinare am fantaziaSi dafarulia Semdegi ram: hansis SiSi, rom
dedas is ar uyvars vinaidan misi wiwimacher-i mamasTan SedarebiT pataraa.
mama hanss misi fantaziis ganmartebas gaumxels.
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rodesac mama froidTan vizitis Semdeg brundeba hansi mas kidev erT akrZalul ocnebas
gaumxels: “Cven viyaviT vagonSi, gavtexeT SuSa da policielma wagviyvana”.
es aris Jirafebis fantaziis marTebuli gagrZeleba. hansi grZnobs, rom ar SeiZleba dedis
floba; rom is sisxlis aRrevis zRvars miuaxlovda. magram mis fantaziebSi is mamasTan erTad
aris. misi azriT mamac dedasTan idumal kavSirSia, raSic garkveulwilad Zaladobac
igulisxmeba, raRac SuSis msxvrevis, an dacul sivrceSi SeRwevis msgavsi.
mama Svili froidTan vizitze arian.
konsultacia xanmoklea. saubari iwyeba hansis cxenebis SiSTan dakavSirebiT. aRsaniSnavia,
rom cxenebis SiSi da dedisadmi ltolva sakmaod bundovnad ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs. is detalebi
romelic froidma gamoarkvia (hanss yvelaze ufro metad aSinebda is, rom cxnebes aqvT raRac
Tvalebze da raRac Savi pirTan), sruliad gaugebari iyo da ar eqvemdebareboda axsnas im
monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT rac mas qonda. froidi xumrobiT ekiTxeba hanss: misi cxenebi
saTvaleebs xom ar atareben? is amas uaryofs. mama xom ar atarebs saTvaleebs? miuxedavad imisa
rom es asea, hansi am faqtsac uaryofs. “raRac Savi pirTan” ulvaSi xom ar aris? Semdeg
froidi mas uxsnis rom hansi mamisadmi SiSs ganicdis, vinaidan mas Zalian uyvars deda.
ukana gzaze hansi ekiTxeba mamas: “profesori RmerTs elaparakeba, raxan mas yvelafris
Tqma SeuZlia winaswar?”
ra Tqma unda mosalodneli ar iyo rom axsna ganmartebis Semdeg hansi sruliad
ganTavisfuldeboda Tavisi fobiebisagan, magram aRmoCnda, rom mas mieca Tavisi aracnobieri
produqciis aRmoCenisa da fobiis garRvevis SesaZlebloba.
Semdeg aRwerilia pacientis etapobrivi gaumjobeseba da SiSis Tanmimdevruli
gaqarcylebis/klebis procesi.
hansi Tavisi azrebis gamoTqmaSi ukidures sizustes aRwevs. is miaxvedrebs mamas, rom
misadmi siyvaruli da aseve metoqeobis SegrZneba dedisadmi ltolvidan gamomdinare, es
grZnobebi erTmaneTs ebrZvian da hansi gamoxatavs sayvedurs, rom mamam saTanado yuradReba ar
miaqcia am grZnobebis TamaSs, romelic sabolood SiSSi gadaizarda.
hansis fobia kidev ufro met detalur ganviTarebas iZens.
mama ekiTxeba mas, Tu risi eSinia ase Zalian: “me meSinia, rom cxenebi daecemian moxvevis
dros”. aseve is Relavs, rodesac satvirToebi moZraobas iwyeben. mas ufro metad eSinia
satvirTo cxenebis, vidre patarebis, soflis cxenebis ufro metad, vidre eleganturebis
(romlebic ekipaJebSi arian Sebmuli). mas aseve Zalian eSinia, rodesac satvirTo didi
siswrafiT mieqaneba, vidre maSin rodesac cxenebi nela midian. es gansxvavebebe bolo dReebSi
gamovlinda.
SemiZlia avRniSno, rom analizis meSveobiT, ara marto pacienti, aramed misi fobiac
ufro gabeduli gaxda.
hansi Semdeg aRwers Tavis survils satvirToebze ZromialTan dakavSirebiT.
froidi ambobs, rom hansis TamaSi datvirTul satvirToebTan dakavSirebiT sxva survilis
simbolur da Canacvlebis xasiaTs atarebs, survilis romelic jer ar aris gamoTqmuli.
SesaZlebelia gabedulad mogveCvenos, magram am survilis konstruireba exlave SeiZleba.
mamasTan dialogSi vlindeba, rom hanss eSinia omnibusebis, vinaidan erTxel man dainaxa Tu
rogor daeca cxeni omnibusSi. mas kidev ufro metad SeeSinda, rodesac davardnilma cxenma
Cliqebis qneva daiwyo.
froidi aRniSnavs Tu ramdenad universaluria msgavsi tipis fobia. is mimarTulia
cxenebsa da ekipaJebze, cxenebis kbenasa da vardnaze, gansakuTrebuli niSanTvisebebis mqone
cxenebze, satvirToebze, romlebis gadatvirTulia. gansakuTrebiT unda aRniSnos mamis mier
gamokvleuli Semdegi punqti. gairkva fobiis gaCenis namdvili mizezi. momenti rodesac hansma
didi mzidavi cxenis vardna dainaxa da mamis erT-erTi ganmarteba miuTiTebs imaze, rom hanss
maSin surda mamac aseve waqceuliyo – momkvdariyo.
hansis mdgomareoba gaumjobesebisaken midis. misi qmedebis radiusi izrdeba. is mopirdapire
trotuarze gadarbenasac ki bedavs. SiSi romelic mas gaaCnia mxolod omnibuss ukavSirdeba, am
SiSis mizezi ar aris cnobili.
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kidev erTi detali aris gaanalizebuli hansisa da mamis dialogSi. mama mas eubneba, rom
icis ra SemTxvevaSi abakunebs fexebs hansi. hansi awyvetinebs da eubneba, rom maSin rodesac is
gabrazebulia an sWirdeba lumpf-is gakeTeba (defekaciis aqti). mama eubneba, rom hansi maSinac
abakunebs fexebs rodesac wiwi unda.
froidi adasturebs, rom es asea, vinaidan bavSvma dasturi gamoTqva imiT, rom wiwi
mounda. mama froids ekiTxeba Tu ras SeiZleba niSnavdes cxenis Cliqebis qneva. froidi
pasuxobs, rom SesaZlebelia es hanss Sardis gaSvebis moTxovnilebasTan aqvs asocirebuli. hansi
amas adasturebs saubris dros, rodesac miuTiTebs “fexebis bakunis xmauris” sxva
mniSvnelobebzec.
“22 aprili. dRes diliT hansma isev raRac ifiqra”. “erTi quCis biWi mgzavrobda vagonSi.
movida gamcilebeli, gaaSiSvla biWi da datova iq dilamde, dilas biWma gamcilebels 50000
guldeni gadauxada, rom mas neba mieca emgzavra am vagoniT”.
aRsaniSnavia rom hansis fantazia “gadaadgilebis niSnebTan aris dakavSirebuli” da
erTgvari Tanmimdevrobis dacviT cxenidan rkinigzisaken gadainacvlebs. quCis nebismier SiSs
uerTdeba rkinigzis SiSic.
aRwerilia hansis TamaSi TojinasTan. mTeli dila hansi eTmaSeboda Tojinas, romelsac
gretas eZaxis. im xvrelSi sadac adre sastveni iyo, man dana SearWo, Semdeg ki imisaTvis rom
dana amoeRo Tojinas fexebi moaglija. Semdeg Sesabamis adgilze miTiTebiT ZiZas uTxra: “Sexede
aq wiwimacher-ia”.
mamisa da hansis dialogi exeba weros da bavSvebis gaCenas. Semdeg mama cvlis saubris
Temas da ekiTxeba hanss xvdeba Tu ara saidan Cndebian wiwilebi? Semdeg hansi fantaziorobs
imasTan dakavSirebiT rom gmundenSi kvercxi dado.
froidi ambobs, rom hansma analizis msvleloba xelT moigdo, vinaidan mSoblebi
ayovnebdnen saWiro ganmartebebis micemas. is TiTqos eubneba maT: “SexedeT, ai ase warmomidgenia
me dabadeba”.
hansi esaubreba mamas TojinasTan TamaSis Sesaxeb. dialogSi SesamCnevia rom hansi ukve
xvdeba bavSvebis dabadebisa da seqsualuri urTierTobebis Sinaarss.
froidi aRniSnavs, rom bavSvi seqsualuri urTierTobebis arsebiT nawils bolomde ver
xvdeba, sanam qaluri genitaliebi misTvis dafarulia.
24 aprils mSoblebi axerxeben hansisaTvis bavSvebis gaCenis ganmartebas.
sadilis Semdeg isini saxlis win zian. hansis mdgomareoba SesamCnevad gaumjobesda,
mxolod is garemoeba, rom hansi ver bedavs WiSkridan CamoSorebas misi SiSis narCenebze
metyvelebs.
hansisa da mamis saubari fricis cxvars exeba. Semdeg mama ekiTxeba hanss surs Tu ara rom
mamis adgilze iyos. razec hansi dasturad pasuxobs. magram Tu ras gaakeTebda dedasTan amasTan
dakavSirebiT hansi verafers ver ambobs. is xazs usvams rom kargi mama iqneboda da yoveldRe
waiyvanda mamas (romelic hansi iqneboda) laincSi.
mama ekiTxeba SeuZlia Tu ara hanss gaixsenos rogor gaaCina Zroxam xbo gmundenSi. hansi
erTmaneTis gamomricxav pasuxebs iZleva. erTis mxriv is ambobs rom xbo urmiT moiyvanes (rac
etyoba mas gmundenSi uTxres), meores mxriv ki iZaxis rom Zroxam igi ukanalidan gamouSva.
hansi orWofobs xbos gaCenasTan dakavSirebiT, is ambobs rom diliT uremi dainaxa.
Semdeg is gadawyvets am problemas imiT, rom xbos gaCenas mowmes mouZebnis, es aris
gmundenis saxlis maspinZeli.
aRwerilia hansisa da mamis dialogi bavSvebis yolasTan dakaSirebiT. mama sabolood
ekiTxeba hanss surs Tu ara mas deda iyos misi coli. hansi mas udasturebs amas.
gmundenidan dabrunebis Semdeg hansi xSirad fantaziorobs rom bavSvebi yavs. vinaidan
yvelaze bednieri is dedasTan yofnisas iyo rogorc bavSvi, amitom TviTonac uCndeba dedobis
survili.
rodesac mama ekiTxeba mas ratom unda ase Zalian rom yavdes Svilebi. hansi pasuxobs
sruliad urTierTgamomricxav raimes:
“ratom? imitom rom me ise minda myavdes Svilebi, magram me es ar msurs, me ar minda
myavdes isini”.
es fantaziasa da realobas Soris sxvaobis msgavsi urTierTgamomricxavi ram aris. man
icis rom sxva bavSvebi xels SeuSlian, magram amave dros surs rom is mofereba romelic
bavSvobis asakSi ganucdia aseve sxvisadmi mimarTebaSi gaimeoros.
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hansi yveba Tavisi Svilebis Sesaxeb. aseve asaxelebs vinme lodis, romelic mamis azriT ar
arsebuli pirovnebaa. froidi aRniSnavs, rom SesaZlebelia hansi sadme Sexvda lodis da Semdeg
igi qalis ideals miamsgavs (dedas). mama ekiTxeba esaubreba Tu ara igi Svilebs.
hansi: “Tu yvela bavSvi ar wveboda loginSi, zogierTs taxtze vawvendi, zogs ki sabavSvo
etlSi. Tu kidev rCebodnen bavSvebi, me isini sxvenze mimyavda da yuTSi vawvendi; iq kidev iyvnen
bavSvebi da me isini yuTSi Cavawvine”.
hansi iZaxis rom bavSvebi mas anas gaCenis Semdeg yavs. rodesac mama ekiTxeba Tu visgan
yavs mas Svilebi. hansi pasuxobs: “Cemgan”.
froidi xazs usvams rom autoerotizmis gaTvaliswinebiT sxva pasuxi arc iyo
mosalodneli.
mama hanss ekiTxeba rodesac is lumpf-s akeTebda xom ar fiqrobda rom bavSvi uCndeba.
hansi dasturad pasuxobs.
SiSma TiTqmis sruliad ganvlo. hansi ubralod cdilobs saxlTan axlos darCes, rom
SeSinebis SemTxvevaSi dabrunebis SesaZlebloba qondes. magram is ar Semorbis saxlSi, is quCaSi
rCeba. misi avadmyofoba daiwyo mas Semdeg rodesac is tiriliT dabrunda gaseirnebidan, xolo
rodesac is meorejer waiyvanes gasaseirneblad is mxolod “sabaJos” sadguramde mivida, saidanac
jer kidev moCans Cveni saxli. dedis mSobiarobis dros is ra Tqma unda misgan moSorebuli iyo
da amJamindeli SiSi, romelic mas xels uSlis saxlisagan Sors wasvlaSi, dedisadmi maSindeli
dardis Sesatyvisia.
30 aprils hansi isev eTamaSeba Tavis warmosaxul Svilebs. mama eubneba: “rogor arian
Seni Svilebi? Sen xom ici, rom biWs ar SeuZlia bavSvebi yavdes”.
hansi: “vici. adre me deda viyavi, exla ki mama var”.
mama: “vin aris am bavSvebis deda?”
hansa: “deda, Sen ki babua xar”.
mama: “e. i. Sen ginda rom iyo didi, gyavdes colad deda da rom mas yavdes Svilebi?”
hansi: “ho, minda. is, romelic laincSia (bebia) iqneboda bebia”.
yvelaferi Zalian kargad sruldeba. patara oidiposma ufro bednieri gadawyveta moZebna,
vidre es bedisweriT iyo ganpirobebuli. is mamas usurvebs imave bednierebas, rasac sakuTar
Tavs, amitom mamas babuad aqcevs da sakuTar dedaze daaqorwinebs.
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2rac Seexeba sityvebs Jolos wveni da Tofi. Jolos wvens hanss aZleven Sekrulobis
SemTxvevaSi. sityva Tofi hanss gaigivebuli aqvs kuWSi gasvlasTan (gemanulad es ori
sityva gavs erTmaneTs).
3rodesac hansi Cveni saZineblidan sxva oTaxSi gadaiyvanes is 4 wlis iyo.
4avadmyofobis kvali jer kidev darCa, magram ara SiSis, aramed kiTxvebisadmi
sruliad Cveulebrivi daJinebulobis saxiT. es kiTxvebi ZiriTadad exeba imas Tu
risgan aris damzadebuli gansxvavebuli sagnebi (tramvaebi, manqanebi da a. S.)
kiTxvebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia is, rom miuxedvad TavisTvis arsebuli mza pasuxebisa,
hansi mainc kiTxulobs. mas surs darwmuneba. rodesac man mama SeaRona Tavisi
kiTxvebiT da ukanasknelma kiTxa: “Sen ggonia, rom me yvela kiTxvaze maqvs mza pasuxi?”
hansi eubneba: “me megona rom Sen esec icodi raxan cxenis Sesaxeb yvelaferi ici”.
5Tavis avadmyofobaze hansi saubrobs rogorc warsulze: “maSin, rodesac me sisulele
mqonda”.
6erTi gadauwyveteli sakiTxia is, rom hansi Tavs imtvrevs imasTan dakavSirebiT Tu
ras akeTebs mama, Tuki bavSvs deda aCens. es Cans misi kiTxvebidan. xom marTalia rom me
Senc gekuTvni da ara mxolod dedas.
7aseve aqve SeiZleba davamatoT, rom hansis ukanaskneli fantaziidan gamomdinare moxda
kastraciis SiSis daZleva, amasTanave damqancveli molodini gaumjobesebis imedSi
gadaizarda. modis eqimi, santeqniki, arTmevs mas peniss, magram mxolod imisaTvis, rom
Semdeg ufro didi daubrunos.
I Sesavali
adamianis fsiqologiur cxovrebaSi yovelTvis arsebobs vinme “sxva”. is
rogorc wesi warmoadgens magaliTs, obieqts, damxmares an mowinaaRmdeges, swored
amitomac pirovnebis fsiqologia dasabamidanve warmoadgens socialur
fsiqologiasac, farTe magram sarwmuno TvalsazrisiT.
calkeuli pirovnebis damokidebuleba misi mSoblebis mimarT, misi
siyvarulis obieqtisadmi, maswavleblisadmi da aseve misi eqimisadmi, yvela es
urTierToba rac aqamde mxolod fsiqoanalitikuri kvlevis sagans warmoadgenda,
sruliad uflebamosilad SesaZloa CaiTvalos socialur fenomenebad da
upirispirdebian sxva cnobil procesebs, Cvens mier narcisistul procesebad
wodebuli procesebi igulisxmeba, rodesac pirveladi ltolvebis dakmayofileba
uaryofilia an xdeba gadatana.
zemoT xsenebuli urTierTobebis SemTxvevaSi, mSoblebisadmi, ojaxis sxva
wevrebisadmi, Seyvarebulisadmi, megobrisadmi da a. S. calkeuli pirovneba mxolod
erTi an ramodenime pirovnebis gavlenas ganicdis, am ramodenime adamianidan
TiToeuli misTvis gansakuTrebul faseulobas warmoadgens.
masobrivi fsiqologia adamians ganixilavs rogorc Temis wevrs, romelic
garkveul drosa da garkveuli mizezis gamo masaSi organizebas ganicdis.
masobrivi fsiqologia mkvlevarisaTvis mraval problemas warmoaCens
romlebic jer kidev ar arian sistematizirebuli.
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masa? riTi axdens is zegavlenas adamianis cxovrebaze da raSi mdgomareobs is
sulieri cvlileba, romelic axasiaTebs adamians misi (masis) zegavlenis gamo?
le bonis sityvebiT, “yvelaze ucnauri ram fsiqologiur masaSi aris is, rom
miuxedavad imisa Tu rogori tipis individebi Seadgenen masas, emsgasebian isini
erTmaneTs Tu ara inteligentobis doniT, xasiaTiT, cxovrebis niriT da a. S.
rodesac isini masad gardaiqmnebian, isini iZenen koleqtiur suliskveTebas. am
suliskveTebis safuZvelze, isini sruliad gansxvavebulad grZnoben, fiqroben da
iqcevian, vidre calkeuli mdgomareobis SemTxvevaSi. arsebobs iseTi ideebi da
grZnobebi, romelic mxolod im SemTxvevaSi vlindebian an xdeba maTi amoqmedeba,
Tuki individi masasTan aris gaerTianebuli.
“martivia masasTan gaerTianebuli individis gansxvaveba izolirebul
individTan, ufro rTulia am sxvaobis mizezebis gamokveTa. am SemTxvevaSi ukve
didi mniSvneloba eniWeba aracnobier fenomenebs. Cveni qmedebebis umravlesoba
dafaruli, CvenTvis SeumCneveli motivebis zemoqmedebas warmoadgenen.
le bonis azriT masaSi ikargeba calkeuli adamianebis minaRwevarida aqedan
gamomdinare maTi Taviseburebac. rasobrivi sawyisi win wamoiweva, heterogenuli
homogenurSi iZireba. heterogenuloba – zogadad, ganszvavebuloba,
gamoiyeneba jgufebis, monacemebis, cvladebisa da a. S. aRsaniSnavad.
romlebic instanciebs Soris mkveTr sxvaobas aCveneben. homogenuroba –
zogadad, msgavseba, igiveoba. gamoiyeneba gansxvavebul SemTxvevebSi,
jgufis, sagnebis, monacemebis da a. S. aRsaniSnavad. termini aRniSnavs
imas, rom nagulisxmevi sagnebi ar gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan
arsebiTad da mniSvnelobis mxriv.
amgvarad SesaZlebelia aRmocenebuliyo masobrivi individebis Sualeduri,
saSualo xasiaTi. le boni Tvlis rom am individebs aseve gaaCniaT kidev sxva
axali Tvisebebic, romelTac isini ar flobdnen adre da amis mizezs igi sam
gansxvavebul momentSi aRmoaCens.
“pirveli mizezia is, rom simravlidan gamomdinare, individi simZlavrisa da
Zlierebis SegrZnebas eufleba, romelic masSi pirvelad ltolvebs aRZravs.
martoobis SemTxvevaSi is iZulebuli iqneboda es ltolvebi daeZlia. anonimurobis
SenarCunebis SesaZleblobidan gamomdinare pasuxismgeblobis SegrZneba sruliad
qreba, romelic individs akavebs yovelTvis.” yovelTvis iyo aRniSnuli is rom
egreT wodebuli sindisis marcvals, “socialuri SiSi” warmoadgens.
“meore mizezia – is rom gadamdebia, es xels uwyobs masebSi gansakuTrebuli
niSanTvisebebis warmoqmnas da maTi mimarTulebis gansazRvras. gadamdeboba aris
advilad gadmosacemi, magram auxsneli fenomeni, romelic SesaZlebelia iyos
mikuTvnebuli hipnoturi saxis fenomenebisadmi. mesame mizezia STagonebadoba, rac
Seexeba gadamdebobis moments is mxolod da mxolod mis Sedegs warmoadgens.”
froids moyvanili aqvs hipnotirebis magaliTi, rom adamiani sruliad
emorCileba im pirovnebas romelic mas cnobierebas arTmevs. swored aseTia im
individis mdgomareobac, romelic fsiqologiur masas ganekuTvneba. is aRar
acnobierebs sakuTar qmedebebs.
84
“garda amisa, adamiani organizebuli masisadmi mikuTvnebulobis faqtidan
gamomdinare civilizaciis ramodenime safexuriT qveviT gadainacvlebs. am
SemTxvevaSi amoqmeddeba pirveladi ltolvebi. mas gaaCnia spontanuroba, veluroba,
aseve enTuziazmica da primitiuli arsebebisaTvis damaxasiaTebli gmirobac ki.”
le boni TiTonve amtkicebs primitiuli adamianisa da bavSvis sulieri
cxovrebis msgavsebis faqts.
masa impulsuria, cvalebadi da aRgznebadic. aracnobieri TiTqmis sruliad
xelmZRvanelobs am SemTxvevaSi. impulsebi SesaZloa gansxvavebuli xasiaTis iyvnen,
Tumca yvela SemTxvevaSi isini mbrZanebluri saxis arian, imdenad rom ar aZleven
saSualebas ara mxolod piradi interesis aramed TviTgadarCenis instinqtis
amoqmedebasac ki. nebisyofis mdgradoba sustia. masis SigniT myof individs uqreba
SeuZlebelis cneba.
masa advilad eqvemdebareba zegavlenas, is ar aris kritikuli, misTvis ar
arsebobs raime arasarwmuno. misi azrovneba umyareba asociaciuri kavSirebiT
warmoebul iersaxeebs, rac damaxasiaTebelia calkeuli adamianisaTvis
fantazirebis mdgomareobaSi / SemTxvevaSi.
masisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia ukiduresobamde misvla, gamoTqmuli daeWveba,
umalve uryev WeSmaritebad iqceva, antipatiis marcvali ki dauokebel siZulvilad
gadaiqceva.
Tavisi gmirisagan masa siZlieres da Zaladobasac ki moiTxovs. mas surs rom
is vinmes mflobelobis qveS iyos, mas surs Tavisi batonis eSinodes. safuZvelSi
is konservatulia, mas Rrma siZulvili aqvs yovelgvari siaxlisa da progresis
mimarT da is eTayvaneba tradiciebs.
aseve SeiZleba aRiniSnos calkeuli individis zneobrivi sawyisis amaRleba
masis zegavleniT. Tumca masis inteleqtualuri miRwevebi yovelTvis mcirea
calkeuli individis minaRwevarebTan SedaebiT.
kidev sxva daxasiaTebebi le bonis mixedviT saSualebas aZleven froids
gaaigivos masis suliskveTeba primitiuli adamianis suliskveTebasTan.
SesaZlebelia rom masebSi arsebobdnen da SeTanxmebuli iyvnen sruliad
sapirispiro ideebi da maTi logikuri dapirispirebulobis miuxedavad mainc ar
aRmocendes konfliqti. msgavsi ram aris SesamCnevi calkeuli pirebis aracnobier
sulier cxovrebaSi, bavSvebTan da nevrotikebTan, rac ukve damtkicebulia
fsiqoanaliziT.
masebisaTvis arasodes ar iyo Cveuli WeSmaritebis wyurvili. maTTvis
sruliad aucilebelia iluziebi, romelTa gareSec isini ver arseboben.
le bonis ganmartebis mixedviT masa aris damjeri fara, romelsac sWirdeba
batoni. masSi imdenad Warbobs morCilebis wyurvili, rom is emorCileba nebismiers,
vinc ki ganacxadebs Tavs batonad.
kidev erTi idumali Zalaufleba romelsac aRniSnavs le boni aris
“prestiJi”. prestiJi TavisTavad Taviseburi batonobis formaa, romelic gaaCnia
individs, qmedebas an raime ideas.
le boni ganasxvavebs SeZenil, xelovnur an pirad prestiJs. TiToeuli
prestiJi damokidebulia warmatebaze da isikargeba warumateblobis SemTxvevaSi.
85
Tumca ara mxolod negatiuri Tvisebebi iyo aRniSnuli – “izolirebuli
individisaTvis piradi sargebeli erTaderT biZgis momniWebel mizezs warmoadgens,
maSin rodesac masisaTvis is iSviaT SemTxvevaSi aris mastimulirebeli.”
rac Seexeba masis inteleqtualur SesaZleblobebs, am SemTxvevaSic masas
gaaCnia garkveuli SesaZleblobebi. amis dasturia Tundac xalxuri Semoqmedeba,
folklori da sxva. garda amisa, jer kidev ar aris cnobili Tu ramdenad mZlavria
poetisaTvis an moazrovnesaTvis masisagan miRebuli stimulebi da warmoadgens Tu
ara is am masis sulieri Semoqmedebis damagvirgvinebels / damasrulebels.
zigelesa da le bonis monacemebi miekuTvneba moklevadiani saxis masebs,
romlebic swrafad warmoiqmnebian da gaaCniaT erTiani interesi. amis sapirispiro
mtkicebebi aris mocemuli im mdgradi masebis Sefasebidan gamomdinare, romlebSic
adamianebi cxovroben da romlebic sazogadoebriv dawesebulebebSi arian
gardasaxuli. pirveli saxis masebi meore saxis masebis zednaSens warmoadgenen, am
SemTxvevaSi froids zRvisa da talRebis magaliTi moaqvs metaforis saxiT.
mas dugalis naSromis “The Group Mind” mixedviT, SemTxveviT Sekrebil
adamianebs Soris masis fsiqologiuri maxasiaTeblebi rom aRmocendes
aucilebelia piroba imisaTvis, rom am erTeulebs raime akavSirebdes: saerTo
interesi erTi obieqtisadmi, am situaciis Sesabamisi sulieri momarTuloba,
urTierTzemoqmedebis garkveuli done.
mak dugali xazs usvams masis umniSvnelovanes da amave dros ucnaur
fenomens, romelic gamoixateba afeqturobis amaRlebaSi.
mas dugalic ar uaryofs im Teziss, romlis Tanaxmadac masebis inteleqti
koleqtiurad klebulobs. is ambobs, rom SedarebiT umniSvnelo inteleqtebs
maRali inteleqti Tavis doneze dayavT. es gamowveulia imiT, rom ukanasknelis
qmediTunarianoba daqveiTebulia afeqturobis matebidan gamomdinare, rac
araxelsayrel pirobebs qmnis sulieri moRvaweobisaTvis; aseve gavlena gaaCnia im
faqtsac rom calkeuli adamiani SeSinebulia masiT da misi gonebrivi muSaoba ar
aris Tavisufali da damoukidebeli. amave dros masaSi klebulobs calkeuli
adamianis pasuxismgeblobis SegrZneba Tavis qmedebebTan dakavSirebiT.
vinaidan mak dugali upirispirebs maRalorganizebuli masis moqmedebas zemoT
aRwerili masis magaliTs, is gamoyofs xuT “principal conditions” (principul /
Zireul pirobas) masis sulieri cxovrebis ufro maRal safexurze gadasvlisaTvis.
pirveli ZiriTadi piroba aris – masis Semadgenlobis mdgradobis garkveuli
done. SesaZlebelia materialuri an formaluri.
meore pirobaa is, rom calkeulma adamianma masis arsis, funqciebis,
miRwevebisa da moTxovnilebebis Sesaxeb warmodgena Seiqmnas, imisaTvis rom mas
Camouyalibdes masis mimarT rogorc erTi mTlianis mimarT garkveuli saxis
emociuri damokidebuleba.
mesame – masa unda Sevides garkveul urTierTobaSi misi Sesaferis masebTan,
SesaZloa es iyo konkurentuli damokidebulebac ki.
meoTxe – masaSi unda arsebobdes tradiciebi, adapt-wesebi da garkveuli
wesebi, gansakuTrebiT iseTi wesebi romelic exeba masis SigniT myofi adamianebis
urTierTobebs.
mexuTe – masaSi unda arsebobdes qveganyofilebebi, romelic gamoixateba
TiToeuli adamianis soecializaciasa da samuSaos doferenciaciaSi.
mas dugalis mixedviT am elementebis arseboba xels uwyobs masis
warmonaqmnis fsiqikuri defeqtebis CamoSorebas.
IV STagonebadoba da libido
86
kerZod magiuri sityva “STagonebadoba”. Tardis mixedviT ki “mimbaZveloba”. mak
dugali aRniSnavs rom mimbaZveloba swored STagonebis cnebaSi Sedis da mxolod
da mxolod mis Sedegs warmoadgens. le boni yvela gaugebar moments or faqtors
miawers, individTa urTierTzegavlenas da beladis prestiJs. Tumca aseve prestiJic
vlindeba swored STagonebis ganvrcobis unaridan gamomdinare.
froidi masobrivi fsiqologiis garkvevis mcdelobas libidos cnebis
gamoyenebiT cdilobs. libido aris termini afeqturobis sferos swavlebidan. am
pirveladi ltolvebis energies froidi ukavSirebs yvelafers rac ki siyvarulis
cnebas ukavSirdeba.
siyvarulis pirvelad ltolvebs fsiqoanalizi uwodebs pirvelad seqsualur
ltolvebs. froidi amtkicebs, rom is vinc seqsualobaSi xedavs raime umsgavsoebas
da damamcirebels, Tavisufalia ufro aristokratuli cnebebis gamoyenebisaTvis –
erosi an erotica. froidi iZaxis rom mas TiTonac SeeZlo aseve moqceuliyo Tavi
rom daeRwia masobrivi kritikisagan. magram is Tvlis rom SesaZloa erTi daTmoba
mere kidev sxva daTmobas iwvevdes da ase SesaZloa sruliad Sedegi yofiliyo
saxeze. aqedan gamomdinare is iyvenebs im winapirobas, rom sasiyvarulo
urTierTobebi (Tuki upirovnod iqneba formulirebuli – emociuri kavSirebi) aseve
masis sulis arss warmoadgenen. pirvel yovlisa froidi gamoyofs im Zalas
romelic aerToanebs masebs. is kiTxvas svams imasTan dakavSirebiT Tu romeli Zala
unda iyos is Tu ara erosisa, romelic yovelives aerTianebs dedamiwaze? aseve
rodesac individi kargavs Tavis pirovnulobas, da aerTianebs sakuTar mosazrebas
masobrivTan, masis mxridan es interpretirebulia rogorc SesaZlo siyvarulidan
gamomdinare qmedeba – im siyvarulidan romelic am individs masis mimarT gaaCnia.
87
misTvis mniSvnelobis mqone iyo aqamde da rac amcirebda saSiSroebis SegrZnebas,
amJamad ukve kargaven sazriss. am viTarebis arsi aris is rom masis libidonozuri
struqtura sustdeba panikuri SiSidan gamomdinare da libidonozuri kavSirebi
iRupebian / wydebian.
froidi aRniSnavs, rom Tuki daveTanxmebiT mak dugals, romelic panikas
ganixilavs rogorc “group mind”-is yvelaze mkveTr Sedegebs, maSin saxezea
paradoqsi imisa, rom masobrivi suli erT-erTi Tavisi gamovlinebidan gamomdinare
Tavis Tavs anadgurebs / TviTganadgurebamde midis.
VII identifikacia
88
gaTavisebuli aqvs mas mtrebi imdenad uyvars rom unda “SeWamos isini”, xolo vinc
ar uyvars imas ar Wams.
89
obieqtma me idealis adgili daikava. froids moyavs Tavganwirvis magaliTebi
da a. S.
am SemTxvevaSi advilia identificirebulobisa da Seyvarebulobis gansxvaveba,
Seyvarebulobis umaRlesi gamovlinebebis CaTvliT, romelTac uwodeben
fascinacias da Seyvarebul damokidebulobas / sasiyvarulo damokidebulebas.
identifikaciis SemTxvevaSi obieqti dakargulia an mas uaryofen, Semdeg ki
isev aris aRmocenebuli me-Si, amasTanave me nawilobriv icvleba dakarguli
obieqtis magaliTis safuZvelze.
froidi amtkicebs rom Seyvarebuloba Sors ar aris hipnozisagan. maTi
Sesabamisoba TvalnaTlivia. yovel eWvs gareSe hipnotiziori me-idealis adgils
ikavebs. hipnoturi kavSiri aris usazRvro Seyvarebuli Tavganwirva (самоотдача
), romelic
gamoricxavs seqsualur dakmayofilebas, maSin rodesac Seyvarebulobis SemTxvevaSi
is droebiT aris gandevnili da rCeba ukana planze rogorc gviandeli miznobrivi
SesaZlebloba.
hipnozi mSvenivrad axsnida masis konstituciis libidonozur gamocanas, TviT
mas rom ar gaaCndes zogierTi iseTi Tviseba, romelic ar eqvemdebareba arsebul
racionalur axsnas, rogorc Seyvarebulobis mdgomareobas romelic gamoricxavs
pirdapir seqsualur miznebs. bevri ram aris jer kidev masSi gaugebari da
mistikuri.
froidi aseve aRniSnavs, rom sruli sugestiuri morCilebis miuxedavad
hipnotirebulis moraluri sindisi SesaZlebelia winaaRmdegobas gamoxatavdes /
iCendes.
amgvari garCevis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia masis formulis Seqmnac. amgvari
pirveladi masa warmoadgens individTa garkveul raodenobas, romelTac Tavis me-
idealad erTi da igive obieqti aqcies da amis Sedegad Tavis me-Si
identificirebuloba ganicades. grafikulad es damokidebuleba Semdegnairad
SeiZleba aisaxos:
IX jogis instinqti
90
troteri mTel rig pirvelad ltolvebs gamoyofs: TviTdamkvidrebis
instinqti, kvebis, sqesobrivi da joguri instinqti.
maSin rodesac le bonma mimdinare damaxasiaTebeli masis warmonaqmnebi
aRwera, xolo mak dugalma stabiluri masobrivi warmonaqmnebi, troterma Tavisi
interesi SeaCera gavrcelebul SenaerTebze, romelSic cxovrobs adamiani da maTi
fsiqologiuri dafuZneba moaxdina.
joguri instinqti adgils ar utovebs belads, misTvis ar aris saWiro
beladis arseboba, jogs ar gaaCnia RvTaebis arsebobis moTxovnileba, jogs
mxolod mwyemsi esaWiroeba. magram toteris Teoria SesaZloa iyos dangreuli Tuki
iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli albaToba imisa, rom joguri instinqti ar warmoadgens
erTianobas, is ar aris pirveladi TviTgadarCenisa da sqesobriv instinqtTan
SedarebiT.
froids moyvanili aqvs magaliTi imisa, rom bavSvs eSinia rodesac igi marto
rCeba da is amtkicebs rom es SiSi ar gamomdinareobs joguri instinqtis
arsebobidan, vinaidan am SemTxvevaSi bavSvi kidev ufro metad iwyebs nerviulobas
Tuki vinme ucxos xedavs, vinc sinamdvileSi am “jogis” warmomadgenelia realurad.
is swored dedisadmi siyvarulis gamovlinebis SeuZleblobis gamo aris
Sewuxebuli da am moTxovnilebis daukmayofileblobis gamo iZulebulia is SiSad
gaaqcios.
aseve froids moyavs musikosis mimarT siyvaruliT ganmsWvaluli
gulSematkivrebis dajgufebis magaliTic. am SemTxvevaSi qalebi ar upirispirdbian
erTmaneTs miuxedavad imisa, rom maT erTi sasiyvarulo obieqti gaaCniaT, piriqiT
isini SeTanxmebulad moqmedeben, rogorc erTi masa da mzad arian gainawilon
Tavisi nadavli – raime aqsesuari Tavisi kumiris da a. S.
am SemTxvevaSi froidi amtkicebs, rom Tuki instinqtis situacias ZaluZs
gansxvavebuli saxis gamovlinebebi iqonios, ar iqneba ucnauri Tuki im saxis
gamovlineba iqneba miRebuli, romelic dakmayofilebis SesaZleblobas ukavSirdeba,
vinaidan is sxva gamovlineba SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda, radgan am miznis
ganxorcielebis realuri pirobebi ar aris daSvebuli.
is rac SemdgomSi sazogadoebaSi aRmocendeba korporatiulobis
suliskveTebisa da a. S. saxiT, ar gamoricxavs im faqts rom pirvelyovlisa misi
wyaro aris pirveladi Suri.
am SemTxvevaSi froidi xazs usvams gaTanabrebis daJinebul moTxovnilebas da
moyavs sifilisiT daavadebulTa magaliTi. maTi SiSi infeqciis mimarT aixsneba
fsiqoanalizis mier rogorc aracnobieri survili infeqciis gavrcelebisa. aseve
moyvanili aqvs im dedis magaliTic visac Svili gardaecvala da surs rom sxvasac
ewvios igive bedi.
1912 wels froidma miiRo darvinis varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom kacobriobis
sazogadoebis pirvelyofil formas warmoadgenda tomi, romelSic ganagebda
yvelaze Zlieri mamri.
masa aris kvlav gacocxlebuli pirvelyofili tomi, msgavsad imisa, rogorc
TiToeul adamianSi aris SenarCunebuli pirvelyofili adamiani, aseve nebismieri
dajgufebisagan SesaZlebelia aRmocendes pirvelyofili tomi.
froidi ganasxvavebs masis calkeuli individebis dakavSirebulobas da
beladis Tavisuflebas. misi inteleqtualuri aqtebi damoukidebelia da ar
saWiroebs ganmtkicebas sxvaTa mxridan.
froidi xazs usvams rom siyvaruli aris Semofargluli narcisizmiT, am
zemoqmedebis Sedegad SesaZlebelia ganimartos Tu rogor gardaiqmna siyvaruli
kulturul faqtorad.
tomis mamaTmTavari jer kidev ar iyo ukvdavi, rogoradac is gardaiqmna
SemdgomSi gaRmerTebis Sedegad. rodesac is iRupeboda unda momxdariyo misi
91
Senacvleba. mis adgils ikavebda misi umcrosi Svili, romelic iqamde masis
individi iyo, yvela danarCenis msgavsad. mamaTmTavari aiZulebda mis Svilebs
seqsualuri miswrafebebisagan Tavi SeekavebinaT.
misi seqsualuri Suri da mouTmenloba saboloo jamSi masis fsiqologiad
gadaiqceva.
pirvelyofili tomis pirobebis idealistur gadamuSavebas warmoadgens
eklesiisa da jaris organizaciis konstitucia, romlis saSualebas warmoadgens
iluzia Tanabaruflebiani da Tanaswori siyvaruli Sesaxeb RmerTisa da
mTavarsardalis mxridan. pirvelyofili tomis SemTxvevaSi yvela vaJiSvilma icoda,
rom mama maT Tanabrad devnis da misi Tanabrad Tanasworad eSinoda yvelas.
froidi ixsenebs hipnozisa da STagonebulobis cnebebs. is xazs usvams im
idumal Zalas romelic gamoiyeneba hipnotizioris mier. es Zala – xSir SemTxvevaSi
moxseniebuli rogorc magnetizmi – albaT primitiuli xalxis tabus msgavsia, es
swored is Zalaa romelic gaaCniaT mefeebsa da meTaurebs da romelic maT
moaxlovebas saxifaTod aqcevs.
frodis mosazrebiT ferenCim Zalian zustad miuTiTa rom hipnotiziori
daZinebis brZanebis gacemiT, mSobelTa rols iRebs sakuTar Tavze. is ganasxvavebs
ori saxis hipnozs: SeparviTs, romelsac dedis prototipi gaaCnia da muqaris
mqones romlis prototips mama warmoadgens.
masis warmoqmnis damTrgunveli, iZulebiTi xasiaTi SesaZlebelia iyos
axsnili misi warmoqmniT pirvelyofili tomidan. masis meTauri – jer kidev
mamaTmTavaria, romlisadmic yvela SiSiT aris ganwyobili, masas surs rom is iyos
warmarTuli vinmes mier, is eZebs avtoritets; le bonis sityvebiT masas morCilebis
wyurvili axasiaTebs. mamaTmTavari – masis idealia, romelic me-idealis nacvlad
adamianis mes mflobelia / mmarTvelia. hipnozi SesaZlebelia iyos ganmartebuli
rogorc “orisgan Semdgari masa”, xolo STagoneba SesaZlebelia ganimartos
rogorc darwmunebuloba, romelic ar efuZneba aRqmasa da gonebriv muSaobas,
aramed mxolod erotiul kavSirs.
92
Tuki raime meSi Seesabameba me-ideals, yovelTvis iarsebebs triumfis
SegrZneba. danaSaulisa (da arasrulfasovnebis) SegrZneba SesaZlebelia iyos
gagebuli rogorc daZabuloba mesa da ideals Soris.
froids moyavs cikluri moSlilobis (depresiuli TvalsazrisiT) magaliTi.
xasiaTis am spontanuri cvalebadobis safuZveli ucnobi da gaugebaria; meqanizmi,
romelic melanqolias maniad aqcevs gaugebaria. es albaT swored iseTi tipis
avadmyofebi arian visi me-idealic droebiT ganfenilia meSi, mas Semdeg rac is
sakmaod daundoblad iyo gabatonebuli.
maniaSi gardasaxva ar aris aucilebeli dasasruli da melanqoliuri
avadmyofobis istoriis aucilebeli maxasiaTebeli. arsebobs martivi, erTeuli,
aseve periodulad ganmeorebadi melanqoliebi, romelTac ar gaaCniaT msgavsi
Sedegi / dasasruli.
jer-jerobiT gasagebia mxolod iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac obieqti iyo
uaryofili vinaidan ar imsaxurebda siyvaruls. identifikaciis gziT is isev
damkvidrdeba meSi da me-idealisagan mkacr kritikas ganicdis. obieqtis mimarT
arsebuli yvedrebani da agresia vlindeba melanqoliasa da sakuTari Tavis mimarT
arsebul yvedrebaSi.
amgvari melanqoliis SemTxvevaSi sruliad dasaSvebia gadasvla maniisadmi;
aqedan gamomdinare es SesaZlebloba aris avadmyofobis danarCeni niSnebisagan
sruliad damoukidebeli maxasiaTebeli.
XII danamatebi
a) gansxvaveba identifikaciasa da me-idealis obieqtiT Canacvlebas Soris
poulobs saintereso ganmartebas ori xelovnuri masis – eklesiisa da jaris
SemTxvevaSi.
93
g) am statiaSi froidi farTed ganixilavda pirdapiri da Sekavebuli (miznis
TvalsazrisiT) seqsualuri pirveladi ltolvebis Sesaxeb.
94
orive mdgomareoba, hipnozica da masis warmoqmnac , adamianis libidos
filogenezis gadmonaSTs warmoadgenen – hipnozi rogorc winaganwyoba, xolo masa
rogorc pirdapiri gadmonaSTi.
95
SefasebiTi damokidebulebac ar arsebobs. amave dros froids umalve axsendeba is,
rom TviT dostoevskisaTvis sruliad sapirispiroa damaxasiaTebeli – siyvarulis
udidesi moTxovnileba da sxvebis siyvarulis unari, rac vlindeboda mis usazRvro
sikeTeSi im SemTxvevaSic ki rodesac marTebuli iqneboda sapirispiro
damokidebulebis gamovlena – froids moyvanili aqvs magaliTad misi
damokidebuleba meuRlisa da misi sayvarlisadmi. froidi wamoWris kiTxvas, Tu
ratom SeimCneva tendencia dostoevskis mikuTvnebisa danaSaulis CamdenTa
kategoriisadmi? razec ismis Semdegi saxis pasuxi: misi personaJebis arCevanis gamo
– egocentruli pirovnebebi, mkvlelebi, moZaladeebi, rac metyvelebs msgavsi
midrekilebebis gamoxatulebaze TviT mweralSic. am SemTxvevaSi dasturia
ramodenime realuri faqtic – misi midrekileba da siyvaruli azartuli TamaSebis
mimarT da aseve arasrulwlovani gogos gaxrwnac (sakmarisia misi “aRsarebis”
wakiTxva). froidis azriT es Sinagani winaaRmdegoba gadawyvetilia
Semdegi saxiT: dostoevskis sakmaod Zlieri midrekileba ngrevisadmi
ZiriTadad momarTuli iyo sakuTar Tavze (ara gareT aramed SigniT) da
hpova Tavisi gamovlineba danaSaulis SegrZnebasa da mazohizmSi. Tumca am
pirovnebaSi aseve SeiniSneba sadisturi midrekilebebic, froidi aRniSnavs rom es
Tviseba vlindeboda misi axloblebis mimarT da aseve xazs usvams sadistur
damokidebulebas mkiTxvelisadmic, Tumca garkveulwilad dostoevski aseve
sadisturia sakuTari Tavis mimarTac, igive mazohisturi, rac mTlianobaSi mas
xatavs rogorc rbil da mgrZnobiare adamians, romelic yovelTvis mzad aris
daexmaros nebismiers.
amgvarad, dostoevskis rTul pirovnebaSi sami faqtori iqna gamoyofili –
ori xarisxobrivi da erTi raodenobrivi. misi sakmaod maRali midrekileba
feTqebadi vnebebisadmi da gadaulaxavi swrafva perversiisadmi, romelic unda
dasrulebuliyo sado-mazohizmiT an romelsac unda Camoeyaliba masSi danaSaulis
Camdeni da bolos misi SemoqmedebiTi niWi, romelic praqtikulad ar eqvemdebareba
analizs. erTmaneTTan dapirispirebaSi myofi Zalebis – pirveladi ltolvebisa da
maTi sapirispiro Sekavebis arsebobiT – dostoevski SesaZlebelia mivakuTvnoT
“impulsuri xasiaTebis” kategorias. magram amgvari mosazreba mxolod da mxolod
nevrozis SeniRbvas warmoadgens. froidi iZleva axsna-ganmartebas rom
nevrozi aris mxolod da mxolod imis niSani, rom “mem” ver moaxdina
dapirispirebaSi myofi Zalebis sinTezi da am mcdelobisas dakarga
Tavisi mTlianoba.
dostoevski, (aseve sxvebic iziarebdnen am mosazrebas), sakuTar Tavs Tvlida
epileptikosad. froidi varaudobs, rom es e. w. epilepsia mxolod da mxolod misi
nevrozis simptoms warmoadgenda, romelic SesaZlebelia iyos gansazRvruli
rogorc istero-epilepsia, sxva sityvebiT isteriis mZime forma.
froidi aRwers am Setevebis maxasiaTeblebs, aRwers uneblie krunCxvebs,
xasiaTis cvlilebas, agresiulobis matebas da yvelanairi saxis sulieri
qmediTunarianobis daqveiTebas. is aseve ganasxvavebs ramodenime variants
epileptikuri Setevisa: krunCxvebs, cnobierebis srul dakargvas wamierad da aseve
Tavbrus xvevebs. es erTi SexedviT fizikuri mdgomareobebi /
gamovlinebebi ganpirobebulia fizikuri mizezebiT (ramdenad ucanauric
ar unda iyos es) da SesaZlebelia aRmocendes konkretuli sulieri
gancdebidan gamomdinare (SiSi) da SemdgomSi SesaZloa iyvnen srul
kavSirSi sulier gancdebTan.
umravlesobisaTvis am avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi inteleqtualuri degradacia
aris damaxasiaTebeli, magram cnobilia iseTi SemTxvevebic rodesac is ar momxdara
(helmholci).
froidi aRniSnavs, rom epilefsiiT daavadebulni garSemomyofebze utvino,
ganuviTarebeli adamianis STabeWdilebas toveben, vinaidan es avadmyofoba xSir
SemTxvevaSi vlindeba idiotizmis formiT da tvinis seriozul defeqtebs
ganapirobebs, Tumca es ar aris aucilebeli komponenti. aseve froidi aRniSnavs
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rom msgavsi Setevebi emarTebaT aseve srulfasovani sulieri ganviTarebis mqone
adamianebs, romelTac axasiaTebT ukiduresad uCveulo sulieri mRelvareba da
romlis marTvac maT uZneldebaT.
froidi Tvlis rom es avadmyofoba saWiroebs funqcionalur
gacnobierebas / wvdomas. pirveladi ltolvebis ganTavisuflebis
meqanizmi SesaZlebelia iyos Semzadebuli, rogorc es aisaxeba
toqsikuri an qsovilebis daavadebis SemTxvevaSi tvinis
qmediTunarianobaze (xdeba daqveiTeba). msgavsi ram xdeba sulieri
balansis arasakmarisi kontrolis SemTxvevaSic, rac vlindeba sulieri
energiis funqcionirebaSi krizisis pirobebSi. aqedan gamomdinare
froids miaCnia, rom gveZleva epilefsiis warmoqmnisaTvis xelsayreli
ori winapiroba da maTTvis saerTo meqanizmic, romelic pirveladi
ltolvebis gamovlinebis safuZvelSi Zevs.
froidi aRniSnavs, rom es meqanizmi emsgavseba seqsualur procesebs. is
ambobs, rom antikuri xanis eqimebs miaCndaT seqsualuri aqti mcire epilefsiad.
isini Tvlidnen rom seqsualuri aqti asustebs epilefsias da adamians aZlierebs
avadmyofobis zemoqmedebasTan mimarTebaSi.
mTlianobaSi am SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs “epileptikur reaqciasTan” da is ra
Tqma unda ukavSirdeba nevrozebs, romelTa arsi mdgomareobs zewolisa da
gaRizianebis masebis daTrgunvaSi, romelTac fsiqikurad nevrozi ver
gaumklavdeboda. amgvarad epilefsiis Seteva isteriis simptomad
gadaiqceva. xdeba misi adaptireba da saxecvlileba isteriiT, iseve rogorc es
xdeba sqesobrivi aqtis normaluri mimdinareobisas. aqedan gamomdinare froidi
daaskvnis, rom arsebobs organulad ganpirobebuli da bunebrivad
aRmocenebuli epilefsiebi. xolo am daskvnis praqtikuli Sedegia is,
rom pirveli saxis epilefsiis mqone pirovnebas gaaCnia tvinis
daavadeba, xolo meore saxis mqone – aris aSkara nevrotiki.
froidis azriT swori iqneboda gvevarauda, rom dostoevski swored meore
tipis epileptikosebs miekuTvneba. Tumca am SemTxvevaSi froidi darwmunebiT ver
saubrobs, vinaidan ar arsebobs Sesabamisi aRwera dostoevskis epileptikuri
Setevebisa da is mxolod garkveul faqtebze dayrdnobiT axdens amgvar daskvnas.
is aRniSnavs, rom mas qonda Setevebi bavSvobaSi, magram mxolod 18 wlis asakis
Semdgom – rodesac man Zlieri dartyma gadaitana, mamis mkvleloba – am Setevebma
epileptikuri xasiaTi miiRes. am SemTxvevaSi aseve moyvanilia cnobebi imis Sesaxeb
rom misi mdgomareoba gaumjobesda cimbirSi katorRaze yofnisas, magram froidi
aseve aRniSnavs, rom nevrotikebi amgvari rwmunebisas midrekilni arian
falsificirebisaken. froidi Tvlis rom cimbirSi yofnisas dostoevskis
janmrTeloba mkveTrad gaumjobesda.
aSkara aris kavSiri mamis mkvlelobasa da roman “Zmebi karamazovebs” Soris.
bevri aRniSnavda am kavSirs “Tanamedrove fsiqologiuri mimdinareobis” farglebSi
– es mimdinareoba ki fsiqoanalizs gulisxmobs. am SemTxvevas fsiqoanalizi
ganixilavs rogorc umZimes sulier travmas, xolo dostoevskis reaqcias am
travmaze – rogorc misi nevrozis prioritetuli mniSvnelobis mqone sawyis
wertils.
froidi aRniSnavs rom pirveli wlebis ganmavlobaSi dostoevskis
epileptikuri Setevebi gamoixateboda imaSi rom mas qonda sikvdilis SiSis
gamovlineba, rac gamoixateboda leTargiuli Zilis SetevebSi.
froidi irwmuneba rom misTvis cnobilia msgavsi sikvdilis Setevebis arsi. am
SemTxvevaSi xdeba gaigiveba gardacvlilTan – realurad ukve gardacvlil
pirovnebasTan an jer kidev cocxal adamianTan visi sikvdilic SeiZleba surdes
avadmyofs. am dros meore SemTxvevas ufro meti mniSvneloba aqvs. amgvari
Setevebi am SemTxvevaSi sasjelis saxis aris: am adamianisaTvis
sikvdili msurda, exla ki me TiTon var gardacvlili. am SemTxvevaSi
biWisaTvis es gardacvlili aris umeteswilad mama.
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mamis mkvleloba rogorc cnobilia warmoadgens pirveli saxis danaSauls,
rogorc kacobriobisaTvis, aseve calkeuli individisaTvisac. yovel SemTxvevaSi is
danaSaulis SegrZnebis erT-erTi wyaro da mizezia. fsiqoanalitikosebis Tanaxmad
biWis damokidebuleba mamis mimarT aris ambivalenturi. froidi aRwers mamisadmi
arsebuli grZnobebis ambivalentobas da bolos daaskvnis, rom mamis
mkvlelobis survilis arseboba aracnobierSi, ganapirobebs danaSaulis
SegrZnebis Camoyalibebas.
Tuki bavSvs ganviTarebuli aqvs konstituciuri faqtori, romelsac Cven
veZaxiT biseqsualobas, adgili aqvs momdevno garTulebebs. am SemTxvevaSi,
kastraciis muqaris Sedegad mamakacurobis SesaZlo dakargvis gacnobierebisas,
matulobs da myardeba qalurobisadmi midrekilebis tendencia, metic, aRmocendeba
tendencia sakuTari Tavis dedis adgilze dayenebisa da amave dros misi rolis
gadaRebac / SeTvisebac rogorc mamis siyvarulis obieqtisa. bavSvi acnobierebs
rom Tuki mas surs iyos mamis mxridan nayvarebi rogorc qali, man amave dros
unda miiRos kastraciac. amgvarad xdeba ori sapirispiro ltolvis gandevna –
mamisadmi siyvarulisa da amave dros misdami siZulvilis. fsiqologiuri sxvaoba
mdgomareobs imaSi, rom garegani muqaris (kastraciis) gamo bavSvi uars ambobs
mamisadmi siZulvilze.
im ori naxsenebi faqtoridan, romlebic mamisadmi biWis siZulvilis gandevnas
ganapirobeben pirvelia – uSualo SiSi kastraciisa. SesaZlebelia iTqvas rom es
normaluria, xolo negatiur gaZlierebas ganapirobebs mxolod da mxolod meore
faqtori – qaluri ganwyobis Camoyalibeba. amgvarad, mkveTrad gamovlenili
biseqsualuri midrekileba warmoadgens erT-erT mizezs an Tu gnebavT dasturs
nevrozis arsebobisa. swored es midrekileba aris SesamCnevi dostoevskis
SemTxvevaSi, is (faruli homoseqsualuroba) aseve vlindeba mis
damokidebulebaSi mamakacebTan megobrobisadmi, Tu ramdenad didi
mniSvnelobis iyo es misTvis metyvelebs amaze. froidi aRniSnavs mis
damokidebulebas metoqeebisadmi siyvarulSi, mis siRrmiseul wvdomas
garkveuli cxovrebiseuli situaciebisa, risi axsnac SesaZlebelia
mxolod faruli homoseqsualurobiT. froidis azriT amis dasturia
mravalricxovani magaliTebi mwerlis nawarmoebidan.
froidi amticebs rom fsiqoanalizs gaaCnia gasaRebi nebismieri nevrozisadmi
da rom es gasaRebi moiZebneba rusuli mwerlis epilefsiis SemTxvevisaTvisac. Cveni
cnobiereba uaryofs im movlenebis miRebas, romlebic aracnobieri fsiqikuri
cxovrebis sferos miekuTvnebian. froidi zemoT xsenebuls aseve amatebs imas, rom
mamasTan gaigiveba Cvens “meSi” mudmiv adgils ikavebs. es gaigiveba mSvidad aRiqmeba
“mes” mier, Tumca masSi gansakuTrebuli instanciis adgils ikavebs, romelic
upirispirdeba “mes” danarCen Semadgenlobas. am instancias froidi uwodebs “ze-
mes” da rogorc mSoblis zegavlenis mqones mas yvelaze mniSvnelovan funqciebs
miawers.
froids moyavs magaliTi imisa, rom Tuki mama iyo mkacri, daundobeli,
gamoirCeoda Zaladobisadmi midrekilebiT, maSin Cveni “ze-me” sadisturi xdeba,
xolo “me” – mazohisturi, Sesabamisad qalurad-pasiuri. Cvens “meSi” Cndeba
sasjelisadmi didi moTxovnileba, “me” erTis mxriv nawilobriv miandobs sakuTar
Tavs bedisweras, xolo meores mxriv nawilobriv dakmayofilebas Rebulobs misadmi
“ze-mes” mxridan arsebuli daundobeli damokidebulebiT (SesaZlebelia amas
danaSaulis SegrZneba vuwodoT). dostoevskis danaSaulis SegrZnebis
gansakuTrebuli siZliere, iseve rogorc aSkarad mazohisturi cxovrebis wesic,
froidis mier axsnilia rogorc mkveTrad gamoxatuli qalurobis komponenti.
froidis azriT faqtiurad dostoevskis aRwera Semdegnairad SeiZleba: aSkarad /
mkveTrad gamoxatuli biseqsualurobis midrekilebis / winareganwyobis mqone
pirovneba, romelsac gaaCnia daundobeli mamis mxridan Tavs moxveuli
damokidebulebisagan Tavis dacvis unari.
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adreuli “sikvdilis Setevebis” gamovlinebebi SesaZlebelia iyos
gaazrebuli rogorc sakuTari “mes” gaigiveba mamasTan, am SemTxvevaSi
“me” “ze-mes” mxridan sasjels Rebulobs. SesaZlebelia iTqvas rom
pirovnebasa da mama-obieqts Soris arsebuli urTierToba misi Sinaarsis sruli
SenarCunebiT “mesa” da “ze-mes” Soris arsebuli urTierTobis saxes iRebs. froids
am SemTxvevaSi Teatraluri Sedarebac ki moyavs – axali dadgma mcire scenaze.
froidi aRniSnavs rom mama ver icvleba da wlebis ganmavlobaSi misi xasiaTi
uaresobisaken viTardeba kidec. am SemTxvevaSi dostoevskis siZulvilic matulobs.
froidi Tvlis rom adamiani warmoadgens uaRres saSiSroebas Tuki
amgvari gandevnili survilebi ganxorcielebisaken iswrafvian. fantazia
SesaZloa realobad iqces, amitomac Zlierdeba dacvis yvela saSualebac.
dostoevskis Setevebic epileptikur xasiaTs iZenen.
aRsaniSnavia erTi ram: Setevis apoTeozSi dostoevski umaRlesi netarebis
moments ganicdida, romelic SesaZloa asaxavda im triumfisa da ganTavisuflebis
SegrZnebas, romelic man ganicada mamis sikvdilis cnobis miRebisas, rasac umalve
moyva kidev ufro daundobeli sulieri sasjeli. froidi paralels avlebs msgavsi
wuxilisa da triumfis monacvleobas pirvelyofili ojaxebis SemTxvevaSi, rodesac
xdeboda mSobelTa mkvleloba totemuri zeimis ceremoniis dros. Tuki is faqti
rom cimbirSi (katorRaze) dostoevskis ar qonia Setevebi sinamdviles
Seesabameba es kidev erTxel adasturebs imas, rom mis Setevebs
sasjelis saxe qondaT. (rodesac is gansxvavebuli saxiT iRebda sasjels
Setevebis saWiroebas is aRar grZnobda).
daundobeli sasjelis moTxovnilebam dostoevskis SesaZlebloba mianiWa
mravali mZime weli udrekad gadaetana. misi dadanaSauleba politikur RalatSi ar
Seesabameboda sinamdviles, magram man yovelgvari winaaRmdegobis gareSe miiRo es
sasjeli mama-mefisagan (romelic am SemTxvevaSi misi mamis Canacvlebas
warmoadgenda). es garemoeba iZleva fsiqologiur gamarTlebas im sasjelis
sistemisa romelsac sazogadoeba aniWebs individs. froidi Tvlis rom mravali
borotmoqmedi natrulobs rom isini dasajon. amas moiTxovs maTi “ze-me”, amgvarad
isini Tavisufldebian sakuTari Tavis dasjis survilisagan / sindisis qenjnisagan.
amgvari simZime gamowveuli damZimebuli sindisiT ganapirobebs dostoevskis
damokidebulebas sxva ori sferos mimarT – saxelmwifos avtoritetisa da
RmerTisadmi rwmenis. pirveli sferos SemTxvevaSi mwerali sruliad daeqvemdebara
mama-mefes, romelmac mkvlelobis komedia gaiTamaSa masTan. am SemTxvevaSi
monaniebam gaimarjva. religiuri sferos SemTxvevaSi ki sicocxlis bolomde
dostoevski orWofobda rwmenasa da urwmunoebas Soris. misTvis saeWvo iyo is
winaaRmdegobebi romelic SeimCneoda samyaros gamTlianebuli gagebis SemTxvevaSi,
rac rwmenaSi aris mocemuli.
froidi aRniSnavs rom SeuZlebelia ubralo damTxveva iyos is
faqti rom msoflio literaturis sami Sedevri – sofokles “mefe
oidiposi”, Sekspiris “hamleti” da dostoevskis “Zmebi karamazovebi” –
erTsa da imave Temas exebian – mamis mkvlelobas. samive SemTxvevaSi
danaSaulis msgavsi motivi aris ganviTarebuli – seqsualuri metoqeoba qalis
gamo.
froidi axdens mcire analizs am sami nawarmoebisa da “hamletis” SemTxvevaSi
aRniSnavs, rom danaSauli ar aris Cadenili mTavari gmiris mier, swored amitom
qalis gamo metoqeobis motivi ar aris dafaruli. swored ase aris warmoCinebuli
hamletis oidiposis kompleqsic, romelic warmoCinebulia erTgvari anareklis
saxiT. man icis rom mamamisi iyo mokluli magram gaugebari mizezis gamo ar
anxorcielebs samagieros mizRvevis qmedebebs. gaubedavi is xdeba sakuTari
danaSaulis SegrZnebis gamo: rogorc aris damaxasiaTebeli msgavsi nevrotuli
movlenebisaTvis mis cnobierebaSi erTgvari cvlileba xdeba – danaSaulis
SegrZneba gardaisaxeba uZlurobis SegrZnebaSi. hamleti sakuTar Tavs aranakleb
ganikiTxavs vidre sxvebs: “Tuki yvelas moveqceviT sazRauris mixedviT, vis ascdeba
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sasjeli?” am SemTxvevaSi dostoevski cotaTi ufro win aris wasuli Tavis
romanSi. aqac mkvleloba Cadenilia sxva piris mier, magram is aranakleb
ukavSirdeba msxverpls, vidre dimitri, (romelic seqsualuri metoqe aris), isic
misi Svilia. danaSauls sCadis swored is Zma, romelsac dostoevski sakuTar
avadmyofobas miawers – epilefsias, amiT is TiTqos da adasturebs rom masSi
arsebuli nevrotiki da epileptikosi sinamdvileSi mamis mkvlelia. advokatis
sityvaSi ki Cans fsiqologiis dacinva. rom fsiqologia ikvlevs ara imas Tu vin
Caidina mkvleloba aramed imas, vinc am mkvlelobis Canafiqrs axdenda da visac
gansakuTrebulad uxaroda SemdgomSi momxdaris gamo. aqedan gamomdinare yvela
aris damnaSave Tanabrad, reliefurad gamosaxuli alioSas figuras CaTvliT.
TvalnaTlivi da aSkara aris mwerlis simpatia borotmoqmedisadmi, romelic
scildeba yovelgvari TanagrZnobis sazRvrebs. borotmoqmedi misTvis TiTqmis
mxsnelis tolfasia. man TiTqos da yvelas danaSauli aiRo sakuTar Tavze. man
Caidina mkvleloba da exla ukve saWiro aRar aris mkvlelobis Cadena, vinaidan mas
es rom ar gaekeTebina vinmes mainc mouwevda amis gakeTeba. es ar aris ubralo
TanagrZnoba es ukve borotmoqmedTan / mkvlelTan gaigiveba aris, igive narcisizmi
romelic cotaTi CamoSorebulia Tavis ZiriTad mimarTulebas.
froidi Tvlis rom borotmoqmedisadmi simpatiis fenomeni ganpirobebulia
swored am gaigivebis gamo, aseve swored es iyo interesis mizezic da romanis
masalis arCevanic amis gamo aris ganpirobebuli. Tavdapirvelad is werda –
egoisturi mosazrebebidan gamomdinare – Cveulebrivi borotmoqmedis, Semdeg
politikuri da religiuri borotmoqmedis da bolos ki mamis mkvlelis Sesaxeb. es
aris pirvandeli borotmoqmedi da froidis azriT am SemTxvevaSi dostoevski
poetur aRiarebas axdens.
froidi axdens analizs dostoevskis azartuli TamaSebisadmi midrekilebis
Sesaxebac. miuxedavad Tavisi gamarTlebisa, rom is TamaSobda mxolod im mizniT
rom moego didi Tanxa da Semdeg miscemoda ruseTSi dabrunebis SesaZlebloba
valis gamo cixeSi wasvlisagan Tavis daRwevis mizniT, froidi Tvlis rom mwerali
sinamdvileSi acnobierebda im faqts rom mxolod TamaSis gamo TamaSobda. amis
dasturia misi daudevari saqcielis yvela detali, romelic ganpirobebuli iyo
pirveladi ltolvebiT. dostoevski ver wynardeboda sanam ar waagebda yvelafers.
TamaSi misTvis sasjelis saSualebas warmoadgenda. miuxedavad dapirebebisa
romelsac is aZlevda Tavis axalgazrda meuRles is yovelTvis arRvevda sityvas.
rodesac wagebis gamo igi ojaxs ukiduresad gaWirvebul mdgomareobaSi agdebda, es
garemoeba mas kidev erTxel aZlevda paTologiuri dakmayofilebis SesaZleblobas.
meuRle mieCvia amgvar oromtrials. erTaderTi rac gadarCenas warmoadgenda am
SemTxvevaSi iyo – mwerlis Sroma, romelsac eZleoda gasaqani swored maSin,
rodesac mTeli qoneba iyo gaqarwylebuli. Tumca misi meuRle ver xvdeboda Tu ra
kavSiri iyo am yvelafers Soris. froidi am kavSirs Semdegnairad ganmartavs:
rodesac misi danaSaulis SegrZneba kmayofildeboda sasjeliT, romelsac is Tavad
miusjida sakuTar Tavs, maSinve gadailaxeboda samuSaoSi arsebuli sirTuleebic
da dostoevski Tavs uflebas aniWebda warmatebisaken ramodenime nabiji gadaedga.
froidi aRwers stefan cvaigis romans “ocdaoTxi saaTi qalis cxovrebidan”.
gavlebulia paraleli imasTan dakavSirebiT rom onanizmis “codva”
Canacvlebulia TamaSisadmi mavne CveviT, am SemTxvevaSi xazgasmulia
xelebis vnebiani moZraoba, rac TavisTavad metyvelebs am Canacvlebaze.
froidi Tvlis rom TamaSisadmi midrekileba – gaigivebulia da
warmoadgens onanizmis moTxovnilebis eqvivalents, is Tvlis rom
bavSvebis mier sasqeso organoebze warmoebuli manipulaciebic TamaSis
msgavsia.
aseve cvaigis romanSi arsebuli dedis gaigiveba meZavTan swored am fantaziis
Semadgeneli nawili da Sedegia. am SemTxvevaSi garegani gaformeba ubralod faravs
am moTxrobis fsiqoanalitikur sazriss.
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froidi aRniSnavs rom mas jer kidev ar Sexvedria arc erTi iseTi mZime
nevrozis SemTxveva, rodesac adreuli periodis autoerotiuli dakmayofileba da
mowifulobis periodis dakmayofileba gadamwyveti mniSvnelobis mqone ar
yofiliyo da ar Seesrulebina garkveuli saxis roli, amasTanave misi (am
dakmayofilebis) daTrgunvisa da mamisadmi SiSis Soris arsebuli kavSiris Sesaxeb
ukve cnobilia.
fsiqoanalizi da kultura
leonardo da vinCi
bavSvobis mogonebani
I.
leonardo da vinCi (1452 – 1519) iyo italiuri renesansis erT-erTi udidesi
warmomadgeneli. magram rogorc misi TanamedroveebisTvis, aseve CvenTvisac igi
idumalebiT moculi rCeba.
gansxvavebuli niWis SeerTeba erT pirovnebaSi renesansis periodSi miRebuli
iyo da es ar iyo leonardos idumalebis mizezi. is ar miekuTvneboda aseve iseTi
avadmyofuri tipis geniosTa kategorias, romelnic fizikuri monacemebiT ar
gamoirCeodnen da gaurbodnen adamianebTan urTierTobas. piriqiT, is iyo maRali,
tanadi, gamorCeuli silamazis saxis mqone, gamorCeuli fizikuri Zalis mqone,
momxiblavi adamianebTan urTierTobisas, kargi oratori, mxiaruli da kargi
mosaubre pirovneba.
mxiarulebisa da siamovnebaTa moyvaruli pirovnebis iersaxe ufro metad
Seesabameba leonardos mxolod cxovrebis pirvel da ufro xangrZliv periods. mas
Semdeg rac ludoviko moros Zalauflebis dasasrulma aiZula leonardo
mietovebina milani da safrangeTSi daewyo moxetiale cxovrebis stiliT arseboba,
mas Semdeg misma mxiarulma ganwyobam iklo da misi xasiaTis ucnauri
maxasiaTeblebic warmoCinda.
wlebis ganmavlobaSi misi interesi mecnierebisadmi kidev ufro metad
Rrmavdeboda, rac aSorebda mas mxatvrobisagan. misi cdebisadmi midrekileba da
Semecnebisadmi swrafva aisaxa mis samxatvro Semoqmedebaze. is naklebad iRebda
xelSi funjs, xSirad tovebda dawyebul naxats. swored amis gamo akritikebdnen
mas misi Tanamedroveebi.
Tumca mravali cdilobda am naklis dafarvas da amgvar damokidebulebas
qmnilebebisadmi xsnida zogadad nebismieri mxatvris xasiaTis TvisebiT. didi
SemoqmedisaTvis is mxatvruli nawarmoebi romelic iqmneba mis mier yovelTvis
Soria im idealisagan romelic mas warmoudgenia, rasac ver amCnevs rigiTi
damkvirveblis Tvali. Tumca zogierTis mosazrebiT es momenti avlenda garkveuli
saxis SiSis arsebobas. SiSisa, romelic eufleba Semoqmeds xelovnebis sidiadis
SegrZnebidan gamomdinare.
froidi aRniSnavs leonardos muSaobis sidinjes, “saidumlo serobaze” is
muSaobda sami wlis ganmavlobaSi. aseve aRwerilia is faqtebi romlis mixedviTac
leonardo sakmaod didi xnis ganmavlobaSi siRrmiseulad akvirdeboda Tavis
namuSevrebs da is, rom SesaZlebeli iyo ramodenime dRe ar emuSava Tumca Semdeg
mTeli dReebi xaraCoebze gaetarebina. rac piriqiT metyvelebda ara mis
gulgrilobaze, aramed Rrma wvdomaze misi namuSevrebisa, sapirispirod im
mosazrebis romlis Tanaxmadac Semoqmedi tovebs muSaobas rodesac grZnobs, rom
ideali ar Seesabameba mis mier Seqmnil realobas.
leonardos Semoqmedeba da misi muSaobis neli stili ar Seesabameboda
freskaze muSaobas, sadac aucilebelia rom namuSevari iyos dasrulebuli sanam
grunti gaSreba. swored amitom irCevda is zeTis saRebavs rac SesaZleblobas
aniWebda rom samuSao procesi yofiliyo gawelili. swored es bedi ewvia mis
namuSevars romelsac is asrulebda miqelanjelosTan konkursis dros Anghiari,
mxedarTa brZola.
101
Tumca misi xasiaTi avlenda aseve garkveul winaaRmdegobrivobasac.
garkveuli umoqmedoba da indiferentuloba SesamCnevi iyo. im asakSi rodesac
nebismieri individuumi agresiul qmedebebs mimarTavs sxvebis mimarT, vinaidan
survili aqvs ufro farTe moqmedebis veli moicvas, is gamoirCeoda mSvidi
megobrulobiT sxvebis mimarT, Tavs aridebda nebismieri saxis usiamovnebasa da
Cxubs. is iyo keTili sxvebis mimarT, ar Wamda xorcs, vinaidan Tvlida, rom ar
aris marTebuli cxovelebs rom sicocxle wavarTvaT da aseve mas gansakuTrebul
siamovnebas aniWebda bazrobaze nayidi CitebisaTvis Tavisuflebis miniWeba. is
ganikiTxavda omsa da sisxlismRvrelobas da adamians eZaxda ara cxovelTa
samyaros mefes, aramed yvelaze borots veluri cxovelebidan. Tumca amgvari
qaluri mgrZnobeloba ar uSlida mas xels sikvdilmisjil damnaSaveTa TanxlebaSi
maTi aRsrulebis adgilas imisaTvis, rom Seeswavla maTi SiSisagan damaxinjebuli
saxeebi da Seesrulebina Canaxatebi, aseve ar iyo misTvis es dabrkolebad rom
daexata SiSismomgvreli brZolebi da rom daniSnuliyo mTavar samxedro inJinrad
keisar borjiasTan. xSir SemTxvevaSi Cans rom is aris indiferentuli borotebisa
da sikeTisadmi, an aucilebelia moxdes misi gazomva gansakuTrebuli sazomiT.
Tuki biografs surs rom siRrmiseulad ganixilos Tavisi gmiri, maSin is ar
unda sdumdes sircxvilisa da TavSekavebis gamo im detalebis Sesaxeb rac mis
sqesobriv cxovrebas ukavSirdeba. am SemTxvevaSi froidi xazs usvams leonardos
TavSekavebulobas am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom is mkacrad
asketuri da amasTanave sakmaod mgrZnobiare epoqis periodSi cxovrobda. mas
arasodes ar gamousaxavs erotika, erTaderTi rac mis mier yofila gamosaxuli
aris qalis Sida organoebis anatomiuri gamosaxuleba da nayofis ganlagebis
gamosaxuleba mucelSi.
saeWvoa, rom leonardos Tavisi cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi odesme qonoda
urTierToba sayvarel qalTan, an Tundac sulieri urTierToba msgavsad
miqelanjelosa da viqtoria kolonasTan. rodesac is cxovrobda Tavisi
maswavleblis saxlSi Verocchio, is da misi ramodenime megobari homoseqsualur
kavSirSi daadanaSaules, Tumca ki es SemTxveva gamarTlebiT dasrulda. mizezi iyo
is, rom leonardos Tavis modelad, cudi saxelis mqone biWi yavda. rodesac is
ostati gaxda mis garemocvaSi mxolod lamazi biWebi imyofebodnen (rogorc
moswavleebi). xolo ukanaskneli moswavle gayva mas safrangeTSi da sicocxlis
bolomde darCa masTan, swored mas uanderZa leonardom mTeli Tavisi qonebac.
Tumca mis gverdiT myof moswavleebTan arsebuli urTierToba ar gamoixateboda
da ar gvirgvindeboda sqesobrivi aqtiT. froidi Tvlis rom ar aris marTebuli
vivaraudoT rom masSi Zlieri sqesobrivi aqtivoba SeiZleba iyos.
froidi aRniSnavs rom leonardos yvelaze ufro did swrafvas da ltolvas
warmoadgenda Semecneba, razec is xarjavda uamrav drosa da Zalebs da mxolod da
mxolod ukiduresi daZabulobis Semdgom, codnis mopovebisas, is uflebas aZlevs
didi xnis mosalodneli afeqtis gamovlenas. rodesac mas eZleoda SesaZlebloba
moexdina mopovebuli codnis sferoSi arsebuli sagnebis Sedareba, mas eufleboda
paTosi da garkveul eqstazSi is adidebda im sferos romelsac Seiswavlida, xolo
religiuri TvalsazrisiT ki mis Semoqmeds. solmim naTlad gaiSinagna es
gardasaxvis procesi leonardosTan. is ambobs “amgvar gardasaxvas romelic exeba
bunebis Semecnebas emociebSi me vuwodebdi religias, swored amaSi mdgomareobs da
vinCis xelweris yvelaze damaxasiaTebeli niSanTviseba, romelic meordeba ara
erTxel...”
leonardo ikvlevda imis nacvlad rom emoqmeda da Seeqmna. is vinc
SeigrZnobs msoflio kanonzomierebis sidiades da mis gardauvalobas, advilad
kargavs Tavisi mes cnobierebas / SegrZnebas. WvretaSi CaZiruli is advilad
iviwyebs rom sakuTari Zalebis gazomviT, aucilebelia samyaros gardauvalobaze
zemoqmedebis moxdenis mcdeloba. am samyaroSi mciredic ara nakleb saocaria,
diadTan Sedarebisas.
102
rodesac is cdilobda dabrunebuliyo kvlevidan isev xelovnebaSi is
aRmoaCenda, rom misTvis xelisSemSleli iyo interesebis axali gezi da misi
fsiqikuri qmedebis saxeSecvlili xasiaTi. naxatSi yvelaze ufro metad mis
interess ipyrobda erTi problema, xolo am erTi problemis miRma kidev sxva
mravali aRmocendeboda, rogorc es aseve iyo misTvis aSkara usasrulo
gamokvlevebisas. da naxatSi yvelafris asaxvis Zlieri Zalisxmevis Semdgom, is
iZulebuli iyo mietovebina namuSevari da gamoecxadebina igi dausruleblad.
froidis azriT rodesac Cven vxvdebiT iseT maxasiaTebels rogorc
leonardos SemTxvevaSi es aris Zlierad gamoxatuli ltolva Semecnebisadmi, maSin
yvelafris mizezad iqceva am midrekilebis organuli buneba. nerviulad
daavadebulTa fsiqoanalitikur kvlevaze dafuZnebiT Cven Semdegi saxis or
varauds vemxrobiT, romelTa dasturs Cven vxedavT yoveli calkeuli SemTxvevis
dros. es midrekileba froidis azriT formirebas ganicdis adreuli bavSvobis
xanaSi, Tavisi gaZlierebisaTvis Tavdapirvelad is sargeblobs seqsualuri
midrekilebebiT, aqedan gamomdinare mas SeeZleba seqsualuri cxovrebis garkveuli
nawilis Canacvleba. amgvari tipis adamiani iseTive vnebiT iqneba CarTuli kvlevisa
da Semecnebis procesSi, rogorc sxva iqneboda CarTuli sasiyvarulo
urTierTobaSi da mas SeeZleboda ekvlia raime imis sanacvlod rom yvareboda
vinme. da ara mxolod kvlevisadmi vnebis, aramed sxva mravali SemTxvevis drosac
raimesadmi ltolvis gansakuTrebuli intensivobisas, Cven gvaqvs varaudi rom misi
safuZveli seqsualurobaSia.
froidi Tvlis, rom adamianTa yoveldRiuri cxovrebis dakvirveba gviCvenebs,
rom umravlesobas SeuZlia sakuTari sqesobrivi ltolvis mniSvnelovani nawili
profesiul qmedebebze gadaitanos. sqesobrivi ltolva gansakuTrebiT aris
misadagebuli imisaTvis, rom msgavsi wvlilis ganxorcieleba xdebodes, vinaidan
mas gaaCnia sublimirebis SesaZlebloba. mas aqvs unari Caanacvlos Tavisi
uaxloesi mizani sxva, ufro maRali da arasqesualuri miznebiT da es yvelaferi
garemoebidan gamomdinare xdeba. froidi paralels avlebs infantiluri
Semecnebisa da interesis gaRvivebasa da zrdasrulebSi Semecnebisadmi swrafvas
Soris.
froidi daskvnas axdens, rom rodesac bavSvis seqsualuri kvlevis periodi
erTbaSad wydeba gandevnidan gamomdinare, Semdgomi cnobismoyvareobisaTvis sami
gansxvavebuli saxis SesaZlebloba vlindeba. SesaZloa kvleva seqsualobis
bedisweras iziarebs; cnobismoyvareoba amieridan paralizebuli rCeba da gonebrivi
qmedebis Tavisufleba SesaZlebelia iyos Semofargluli mTeli momdevno
cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki imitom, rom religiuri aRzrdis
meSveobiT am yvelafers uerTdeba axali gonebrivi SezRudvac. naTelia rom
amgvarad SeZenili azris sisuste uZlieres biZgs aZlevs nevrotuli daavadebis
warmoqmnas. meore tipis SemTxvevaSi inteleqtualuri ganviTareba sakmaod Zlieria,
saimisod, rom SeewinaaRmdegos misTvis xelisSemSlel seqsualur gandevnas.
infantiluri seqsualuri kvlevis dasrulebis Semdgom, rodesac inteleqti
momagrebulia, adrindeli kavSiris zegavleniT, is Tavs aRwevs seqsualur
gandevnas da maSin daTrgunuli seqsualuri kvleva brundeba aracnobieridan
momabezrebeli analizirebisadmi midrekilebis saxiT, romelic sakmaod
damaxinjebulia magram imdenad Zlieri, rom sakuTriv azrovneba seqsualurad
aqcios da gonebriv operaciebs mianiWos siamovnebisa da SiSis SegrZnebebi, rac
damaxasiaTebelia seqsualuri procesebisaTvisac.
mesame saxis tipi aris yvelaze iSviaTi da yvelaze srulyofili, is Tavs
aRwevs rogorc gonebriv Sekavebas, aseve azrovnebisadmi nevrotulad Tavsmoxveul
midrekilebas. seqsualuri gandevna aqac iCens Tavs, magram misTvis SeuZlebelia
seqsualuri siamovnebis nawili gandevnos aracnobierSi, piriqiT libido Tavs
aRwevs gandevnas, da Tavidanve ganicdis sublimirebas cnobismoyvareobaSi, ris
meSveobiTac Zlierdeba swrafva kvlevisadmi. am SemTxvevaSic kvleva
garkveulwilad gadaiqceva vnebaSi da Seenacvleba sqesobriv qmedebas, magram
103
safuZvelSi mdebare fsiqikuri procesebis sruli gansxvavebis meSveobiT veRar
miiReba nevrozi, gamoiricxeba kavSiri pirvelad bavSvur seqsualur kvlevasTan da
ltolva Tavisuflad emsaxureba inteleqtualur interesebs.
Tuki leonardosTan Semecnebisadmi da kvlevisadmi udides ltolvas da misi
sqesobrivi cxovrebis simwires ganvixilavT (idealuri homoseqsualuroba
igulisxmeba), Tavisuflad SegviZlia is mivakuTvnoT mesame tipis kategorias. is,
rom bavSvuri cnobismoyvareobis daZabvis Semdgom seqsualuri interesebis
mimarTulebis TvalsazrisiT, man SeZlo Tavisi libidos umetesi nawilis
sublimireba moexdina kvlevisadmi midrekilebaSi, swored es warmoadgens misi
arsebis birTvs.
froidi aRwers leonardos yrmobis xanas. is iyo ukanono Svili, rac im
periodSi miRebuli iyo. misi deda katerina, aRar Cndeba mis biografiaSi, mxolod
poeti mereJkovski varaudobs misi zegavlenis Sesaxeb mogvianebiT. leonardo
izrdeboda Tavisi mamis ojaxSi, romelic iyo notariusi. man miatova saxli
rodesac Andrea del Verocchio-sTan saxelosnoSi Sevida. 1472 wels miniSnebulia
misi wevrobis Sesaxeb “Compagnia dei Pittore”-Si.
II.
leonardo ixsenebs Tavisi bavSvobis mogonebas: “rogorc Cans me
Tavdapirveladve unda vyofiliyavi esoden safuZvlianad dakavebuli ZeriT. TiTqos
da maxsendeba Zalian adreuli mogoneba imis Sesaxeb, rom rodesac me jer kidev
akvanSi viweqi, mofrinda Zera, Tavisi kudiT piri gamixsna da ramodenimejer Camiyo
pirSi Tavisi kudi”.
froidi aRniSnavs, rom es iyo sakmaod ucnauri mogoneba, ucnauri Tavisi
SinaarsiTa da aseve im asakTan mimarTebaSi, romelic aris aRniSnuli. es imdenad
saocrad JRers, rom bavSvi ixsenebs imas Tu rogor gauxsna Zeram piri, rom Cndeba
gansxvavebuli saxis varaudi. is ufro Seesabameba arsis wvdomas da sabolood
wyvitavs yvelanair sirTuleebs. froidis azriT es scena ZerasTan dakavSirebiT
leonardos mogoneba ar aris, aramed aris is fantazia, romelic man Seqmna
mogvianebiT da gadaitana Tavis bavSvobaSi.
froidi Tvlis, rom fantaziebi ukavSirdeba pirvelyofili wyobilebis mier
Camoyalibebul istorias. Tuki misi monayoli warmoadgens mxolod da mxolod
gvian Camoyalibebul fantazias, maSin ar Rirs masze SeCereba. misi
ganmartebisaTvis SesaZlebeli iqneboda davkmayofilebuliyaviT misdami aSkarad
gamoxatuli tendenciis miniWebiT, romelic Citis frenis problemasTan
dakavSirebul saqmianobas exeba.
magram Tuki fsiqoanalitikosis TvaliT SevafasebT leonardos fantazias
ZerasTan dakavSirebiT, is aRar mogveCveneba imdenad ucnaurad. msgavsi sizmari
mraval CvenTagans dasizmrebia. interpretacia xSir SemTxvevaSi erotiulia. kudi
(“cado”) aris erT-erTi cnobili simbolo da mamakacis sasqeso organos
gamoxatulebis SesaZlebloba, italiurSi ara nakleb vidre sxva enebSi. warmodgena
Zeris mier bavSvis piris gaxsnis da Semdeg iq ramodenimejer Cayofisa Seesabameba
warmodgenas sqesobrivi aqtis Sesaxeb fellatio. froidi aseve paralels avlebs
oralur seqsTan.
am SemTxvevaSi ukve sruliad gasagebia, Tu ratom miakuTvnebs leonardo am
fantazias ZuZumwovara asaks. (vinaidan froidi Tvlis rom wovisagan miRebuli
siamovneba, SemdgomSi ganviTarebas ganicdis oraluri seqsis saxiT). es aris
erTgvari reminiscencia dedis ZuZus wovis Sesaxeb, rac adamianurad mSvenier
scenas warmoadgens da rasac is ara erTxel gamosaxavda Tavisi funjiT.
(RvTismSoblisa da yrmis gamosaxvisas). Tumca froidi Tvlis rom es reminiscencia
leonardos mier iyo gadamuSavebuli pasiuri homoseqsualuri fantaziis saxiT.
magram saidan aris es dedis gaigiveba ZerasTan? am SemTxvevaSi froidi Tvlis rom
es gaigiveba sawyiss iRebs egviptelTa saRvTo ieroglifebidan, sadac dedis
simbolo gamosaxulia Zeris saxiT. aseve egviptelebi Tayvanscemdnen dedobis
104
RvTaebas, romelsac qonda an Zeris Tavi an ramodenime Tavi sadac erT-erTi mainc
Zeris iyo. am qalRmerTis saxeli iyo muti.
froids ukvirs Tu rogor amoirCies egviptelebma dedis aRmniSvnel
simbolod Zera. erT-erTi mosazreba ukavSirdeba im faqts rom adre egonaT TiTqos
da Zera mxolod mdedrobiTi sqesis arsebobda da rom am jiSis Cits ar gaaCnda
mamri. xolo rac Seexeba im sakiTxs Tu rogor axerxebdnen Zerebi gamravlebas,
amasTan dakavSirebiT Zalian ararealuri zRapari iyo Seqmnili, rom TiTqosda
frenis garkveul momentSi Zera Cerdeba da organoebis gaxsniT ganayofierebas
Rebulobs haeridan. Tumca es ra Tqma unda warmoadgenda zRapars, romlisac ar
sjeroda umravlesobas da romelsac froidis azriT yvebodnen umeteswilad
mxolod sasuliero pirebi, vinaidan maT rwmenas qalwulis ganayofierebasTan
dakavSirebiT, garkveul safuZvels uyrida Zeris qarisagan ganayofierebis faqti.
froidis azriT Zeris Sesaxeb fantaziis Seqmna SesaZlebelia Semdegnairad
warmovidginoT: rodesac man Seityo istoria ZerebSi mxolod mdedrobiTi sqesis
arsebobis Sesaxeb, man Tavi warmoidgina Zeris Svilad, romelsac yavs deda, magram
ar yavs mama. am mogonebas SemouerTda mogoneba siamovnebis Sesaxeb, romelic mas
miuRia dedis ZuZusgan. swored aqedan gamomdinareobs nebismieri mxatvrisaTvis
Zvirfasi RvTismSobeli qalwulisa da yrmis gamosaxuleba. sadac leonardos Tavi
gaigivebuli yavs qristesTan, macxovarTan.
fantaziis analizidan gamomdinare, dedis Canacvleba ZeriT metyvelebs imaze,
rom bavSvi izrdeboda mamis gareSe, dedasTan. am fantazias adasturebs is, rom
leonardos registrireba mamis ojaxSi rogorc ukanonod Sobili bavSvisa Sedga
mxolod maSin, rodesac is ukve xuTi wlis asakis iyo. aqedan gamomdinare sworia
is, rom bavSvi Tavisi yrmobis asakSi dedasTan imyofeboda da mxolod da mxolod
ramodenime wlis Semdeg, rodesac mamis mdidari meuRle, misi dedinacvali
imedgacruebuli darCa sakuTari Svilebis molodinis TvalsazrisiT, is aiyvanes
aRsazrdelad mamis ojaxSi.
froidi Tvlis rom cxovrebis pirveli 3-4 wlis ganmavlobaSi fiqsirdeba
STabeWdilebebi da xdeba garegan samyaroze reagirebis xerxebis gamomuSaveba,
rasac gamoricxulia moakldes mniSvnelovnoba nebismieri saxis gviandeli
gancdidan gamomdinare.
Tuki marTalia, rom adamianis sulier ganviTarebaze gansakuTrebul arsebiT
zegavlenas axdenen bavSvobis gaurkveveli mogonebani da maTze dafuZnebuli
fantaziebi, maSin is faqti romelic aseve ganmtkicebulia Zeris Sesaxeb arsebuli
fantaziiT da is, rom leonardom Tavisi arsebobis pirveli wlebi gaatara
dedasTan, Zalian didi gavlenis mqone unda yofiliyo mis Sinagan samyaroze. am
fantaziidan gamomdinare is kidev ufro metad iyo CaRrmavebuli kvlevaSi Tu
saidan warmoiqmna bavSvi da aseve Tu ra roli ekisreba mamas. am kvlevisa da misi
bavSvobis istoriis Soris arsebuli kavSiris SegrZneba iwvevs SemdgomSi misi
mxridan garkveul aRniSvnas, rom mis bedisweras Tavidanve Citis frenis
problemaSi CaRrmaveba warmoadgenda, vinaidan mas adreul asakSi Zera ewvia.
III.
egviptelT qalRmerTi muti, romelic gamosaxulia Zeris TaviT – aris
sruliad usaxuri xasiaTis mqone figura. xSirad is erTvoda sxva dedobriv
RvTaebebs, romelTac ufro metad gamoxatuli individualoba gaaCndaT. Tumca is
arasodes ar kargavda im maxasiaTeblebs riTac sxvebisagan gansxvavdeboda. es aris
egvipturi panTeonis maxasiaTebeli – calkeuli RvTaebebi ar ikargebodnen
sinkretizmSi. es dedobrivi RvTaeba, Zeris TaviT, egviptelebis mier Sesrulebuli
iyo umravles SemTxvevaSi falosiT; misi sxeuli mkerdis gamosaxulebis mxriv iyo
qaluri, magram amave sxeuls gaaCnda aseve mamakacis sasqeso organo ereqciis
mdgomareobaSi.
aqedan gamomdinare qalRmerT muts gaaCnia xasiaTis is dedobrivi da
mamakacuri maxasiaTeblebi, rogorc es aris leonardos fantaziaSi! Tumca froidi
105
Tvlis rom is varaudi romlis mixedviT leonardom icoda dedobis qalRmerTis
ormagi seqsualuri bunebis arseboba aris saeWvo, mis xelT arsebuli codnis
wyaroebi ar flobdnen am maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb informacias. miTologiis
mixedviT mravali RvTaeba iyo hermafrodituli ormagi sqesis mqone, es faqti exeba
ara mxolod egviptur RvTaebebs, aramed berZnulsac, mravali RvTaeba dionises
jgufidan iyo ormagi sqesis mqone da aseve berZnuli siyvarulis RvTaeba afrodite
Tavdapirvelad mamrobiTi sqesis iyo, romelic SemdgomSi gadaiqca mdedr
qalRmerTad. msgavsi hermafrodituli RvTaebebi ganasaxiereben im ideas rom
mxolod mdedrobiTi da mamrobiTi sqesis SeerTebiT aris SesaZlebeli RvTaebrivi
srulyofilebis miRweva. Tumca froidis azriT arc erTi es varaudi ar
ganapirobebs im fsiqologiuri gamocanis axsnas, romlis mixedviTac is iersaxe,
romelic dedobriv arss asaxavs, adamianebis fantaziis mier aRWurvilia
sapirispiro mamakacuri Zlierebis niSanRvisebiT.
froidi Tvlis rom am SemTxvevaSi es aixsneba infantiluri seqsualuri
TeoriebiT.
froidi aRniSnavs rom bavSvis fsiqologiis wvdomisaTvis unda moxdes
analogia pirvelyofil adamianebTan. Cven momzadebuli varT biologiuri
analogiebiT imisaTvis, rom individuumis sulieri ganviTareba mokled imeorebs
kacobriobis ganviTarebis msvlelobas da aqedan gamomdinare CvenTvis ar aris
daujerebeli da saocari is, rasac aRmoaCens bavSvis sulis fsiqoanalitikuri
kvleva sasqeso organoebis infantilur Sefaseba/aRqmaSi.
froidis azriT Tanamedrove homoseqsualebi midrekilni arian Tavi
warmoaCinon Tavidanve ganpirobebul sqesobriv jgufad, erTgvar Sualedur
safexurze myof, “mesame sqesis” warmomadgenlebad. Tumca fsiqoanalizi
SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs SevavsoT es naprali da homoseqsualistebis mtkicebaTa
Semowmeba moaxdinos. msgavsi Sedegebi iyo miRebuli gansxvavebuli dakvirvebis
Semdgom: yvela homoseqsualur mamakacs adreul asakSi gaaCnda intensiuri
erotiuli ltolva mdedrobiTi sqesisadmi, rac individis mier iyo daviwyebuli
zrdasrul asakSi. Cveulebriv es iyo dedis mimarT arsebuli ltolva, romelic
iyo gamowveuli dedis mxridan arsebuli gadametebuli sinaziT da SemdgomSi iyo
gaRvivebuli bavSvis cxovrebaSi mamis ukana planze gadasvliT. Sadger-i miuTiTebs
rom msgavsi pacientebis dedebi xSir SemTxvevaSi iyvnen mamakacurni, gaaCndaT
energiuli maxasiaTeblebi, magram froidze ufro meti STabeWdileba moaxdina im
SemTxvevebma sadac mama Tavidanve ar arsebobda, an SemdgomSi moxda ojaxis daSla
da biWi Tavidanve iyo dedis gavlenis qveS.
amgvari winare stadiis Semdgom xdeba is, rom biWi gandevnis dedisadmi
arsebul siyvaruls, Tavs ayenebs mis adgilze, axdens gaigivebas dedasTan da
sakuTar pirovnebas iRebs magaliTis saxiT, rodesac irCevs msgavs sasiyvarulo
obieqtebs. amgvarad is xdeba homoseqsualuri, magram arsebiTad is ubrundeba
autoerotisms, vinaidan biWebi vinc uyvars zrdasruls mxolod da mxolod
ganaaxleben da Caanaxvleben mis sakuTar bavSvur pirovnebas da mas isini uyvars
iseve, rogorc dedas sakuTari Svilebi.
kidev ufro siRrmiseuli fsiqoanalitikuri mosazrebebi ganamtkiceben im
varauds, romlis mixedviTac amgvarad Semdgari homoseqsuali, qvecnobierad rCeba
fiqsirebuli sakuTari dedis iersaxis mogonebaze.
froidi aRniSnavs rom uaRresad didi mniSvnelobis mqonea is faqti rom
leonardos qonda dRiuri, sadac awarmoebda iseT Canawerebs, rac mniSvnelovani
iyo mxolod misTvis. am dRiurSi is Tavs mimarTavs sakmaod ucnaurad “Sen”.
leonardo am SemTxvevaSi iqceva ise, TiTqos is aris adamiani, romelic miCveulia
yovel dRe vinmes Caabaros aRsareba da am vinmes am SemTxvevaSi ganasaxierebs es
dRiuri. am dRiurSi yvelaze did ucnaurobas warmoadgens Canawerebi mxatvris
xarjebis Sesaxeb, rac aris aRwerili pedanturi sizustiT. amis Sesaxeb mravali
biografi aRniSnavs. Tumca rac Seexeba miTiTebebs didi odenobis TanxebTan
dakavSirebiT es ar aris aRniSnuli.
106
garda im xarjebisa, romelic mas gamoyofili aqvs sakuTari mowafeebisaTis,
leonardos aqvs moyvanili vinme katerinas dasaflavebis xarjebis aRwerac,
mxolod poeti mereJkovski iZleva ganmartebas Tu vin iyo es katerina. es iyo
lonardos deda vinCidan, romelic Cavida Tavisi 41 wlis Svilis sanaxavad iq
gaxda avad da hospitalSi miyvanis Semdgom gardaicvala. msgavsi ganmarteba am
fsiqologi-romanistis mier ar aris sando, Tumca sakmaod Warbad warmoadgens
simarTles. leonardom miaRwia imas, rom Tavisi grZnobebi dauqvemdebara
kvlevisadmi interessa da ltolvas da sruliad Seikava Tavi maTi Tavisufali
gamovlenis TvalsazrisiT; Tumca masac qonia momentebi, rodesac daTrgunuli
miiswrafvoda gamovlenisaken da erT-erTi aseTi iyo mis mier nayvarebi dedis
gardacvalebis momenti. am SemTxvevaSi dasaflavebis xarjebis detaluri aRwera
iZleva dedis danakargiT gadatanil usazRvro ubedurebas. aranormalur
pirobebSi, nevrozebis SemTxvevaSi da gansakuTrebiT egreT wodebuli akviatebuli
mdgomareobebisas, xSirad vxvdebiT msgavs SemTxvevebs. iq Cven vxvdebiT sakmaod
intensiur, magram gandevnis safuZvelze aracnobierad gadaqceul SegrZnebebs, rac
vlindeba mewvrilmane da xSir SemTxvevaSi absurdul qmedebebSic ki. qvecnobierad
is darCa misdami mijaWvuli (dedisadmi), am grZnobebs erotiuli Seferiloba
qondaT; amgvari bavSvuri siyvarulis gandevniT Camoyalibebuli winaaRmdegoba
aRar iZleoda imis SesaZleblobas rom dRiurSi misi xsovna ufro Rirseulad
yofiliyo asaxuli, magram is rac gamovlinda kompromisis saxiT am nevrotuli
kofliqtis safuZvelze, unda yofiliyo asaxuli raimenairad da swored amitom iyo
dawerili es angariSi, romelic SemdgomSi darCa saidumloebiT moculi
STamomavlobisaTvis.
froidi Tvlis rom leonardo namdvilad miekuTvneba homoseqsualur tips,
romlis fsiqologiuri ganviTarebis aRmoCena SesaZlebeli gaxda CvenTvis, da is
homoseqsualuri fantazia romelic mas gaaCnda Zeris Sesaxeb CvenTvis gasagebi
xdeba. es fantazia ambobs: “me gavxdi homoseqsualuri imitom, rom dedis mimarT
mqonda erotiuli damokidebuleba”.
IV.
froidi ver aRwevs Tavs leonardos fantaziaze fiqrisagan. sityvebSi
romlebic seqsualuri aqtis intensivobas gamoxataven (“da ramodenimejer Cayo
kudi pirSi”), leonardo xazs usvams dedasa da Svils Soris arsebuli erotiuli
urTierTobis intensivobas. am kavSiris intensivobaSi froidi kidev erT
components aRmoaCens da amoicnobs. froidi am yvelafris Semdegnair ganmartebas
axdens: Cems tuCebze dedis uamravi kocnis kvali aRibeWda. fantazia Sedgeba wovisa
da dedis kocnebis mogonebisagan.
bunebam xelovani daajildova misTvisve idumali da faruli sulieri
moqmedebebis gamoxatvis niWiT, amitomac misi qmnilebebi ipyroben danarCenebis
yuradRebas, miuxedavad imisa, rom isini ver xvdebian namdvil mizezs.
vinc ixsenebs leonardos naxatebs, gaixsenebs im ucnaur, momajadovebel da
idumal Rimils, romelic man mianiWa qalis gamosaxulebebs. SeCerebuli Rimili,
gawelil, gamokveTil tuCebze; swored es aris misTvis damaxasiaTebeli da
leonardoseuli Rimilis saxelis matarebelia. florentineli mona liza
jokondas ucnaurad-mSvenier saxeze es Rimili yvelaze metad ipyrobda da saxtad
tovebda mayurebels. is yovelTvis saWiroebda axsnas da mudam aixsneboda naklebad
damakmayofileblad. “is rac iyo mimzidveli mayureblisaTvis, aris am Rimilis
demonuri mojadoveba. asobiT poeti da mwerali werda am qalis Sesaxeb, romelic
xan momajadoveblad momRimarea, xan kidev civad da usulod icqireba sivrceSi,
veravin ver axsna misi Rimili da ver amoikiTxa misi azrebi. yvelaferi,
landSaftic ki idumalia, sizmriseuli” (Gruyer)
azri imis Sesaxeb rom mona lizas RimilSi ori gansxvavebuli elementi
vlindeba mraval kritikoss gaaCnda. aqedan gamomdinare isini mona lizas RimilSi
xedaven qalis siyvarulSi gabatonebuli dapisipirebebis srulyofil
107
gamoxatulebas, TavSekavebulobasa da momajadovebulobas, erTgulebiT savse
sinazesa da xistsa, momTxovns, sruliad ucxo mgrZnobelobas, rac ipyrobs
mamakacs.
leonardo am naxatze muSaobda oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi, maSin rodesac
TviTon is 50 wlis iyo. vazaris sityvebiT, is yvelanair xerxs mimarTavda rom am
qalbatonis saxeze Rimili SeeCerebina mTeli seansis ganmavlobaSi. mTeli im
sinatifidan rasac gadmoscemda misi funji tiloze, mxolod SeumCneveli nawili
darCa. ra Tqma unda TviT leonardos es naxati sruliad ar akmayofilebda.
vinaidan mona liza warmoadgens portrets, is ver mianiWebda am naxats im
maxasiaTeblebs rac Tavad gaaCnda. mas Semdeg es Rimili yvela mis naxatze
gamoisaxeba. TviT leonardom ganicada am Rimilis zegavlena da gamosaxavda mas
yvela mis qmnilebaSi.
Tumca zogierTi biografis mixedviT SesaZlebelia gansxvavebuli
interpretaciac. am SemTxvevaSi am mimzidveli Zalis kidev ufro metad
siRrmiseuli gaazreba aris nagulisxmevi. W. Peter-i am naxatSi xedavs “mTeli
kulturuli kacobriobis siyvaruli gancdis gamoxatulebas”. man Zalian zustad
gamoTqva rom leonardos mier gamoxatuli Rimili yovelTvis gvibiZgebs vifiqroT
uwmindurobis Sesaxeb: “es naxati bolos da bolos aris portreti. SesaZlebelia
mivadevnoT Tvalyuri im faqts Tu rogor erTiandeba es gamosaxuleba misi
bavSvobis ocnebebTan, rom ar gvqonoda sapirispiro damadasturebeli faqtebi,
SesaZlebeli iqneboda gvefiqra TiTqos es qali leonardos mier sabolood napovni
idealuri qalis gansaxierebas warmoadgenda”.
vazari ixsenebs, rom leonardos pirveli mcdelobani saxviTi xelovnebis
dargSi warmoadgendnen Tixisagan damzadebuli momRimare qalbatonebis Tavebi da
aseve ramodenime bavSvis Tavi. vazari Tvlis rom es imdenad ostaturad iyo
Sesrulebuli mis mier, rom SesaZlebeli iyo gvefiqra TiTqos xelovanis xelma
daamzadao.
froidi Tavis mxriv xazs usvams im faqts rom orive gamosaxuleba romelic
misi pirveladi mxatvruli gavarjiSebis Sinaarss warmoadgens exeba fantazias
Zeras Sesaxeb. es aris is ori seqsualuri obieqti romelic gamoikveTa Zeris
fantaziis analizisas. Tuki bavSvebis mSvenieri Tavebi warmoadgendnen misi rogorc
bavSvis pirovnebis asaxvas, maSin momRimare qalbatonebi ra Tqma unda katerinas
warmoadgendnen. aqedan gamomdinare Cven gviCndeba varaudi rom dedamiss gaaCnda es
idumali Rimili, romelic Semdeg isev iyo napovni leonardos mier florentinel
qalbatonSi.
froidi aseve yuradRebas amaxvilebs wminda anas, RvTismSoblisa da Zis
gamosaxulebis naxatze, romelzedac qalebis iersaxeebze naTlad aris gamoxatuli
leonardoseuli Rimili. rTulia dadgena aris Tu ara es pirdapiri zegavlena
lizas portretis Semdeg, vinaidan am naxatebis Seqmna sakmaod didi xnis
ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda.
rac Seexeba wminda anas, RvTismSoblisa da Zis gamosaxulebas,
upirvelesyovlisa naxatis siuJeti aris sakmaod iSviaTi italiuri saxviTi
xelovnebisaTvis. leonardosTan mariami zis dedis kalTaSi, aris win gadaxrili
da xeli aqvs gaSlili vaJisaken, romelic eTamaSeba kravs. bebia momRimare
gasxivosnebuli RimiliT uyurebs am suraTs. es Rimili romelic orive qalis
saxezea ra Tqma unda mona lizas Rimils warmoadgens, Tumca dakarguli aqvs
idumali xasiaTi, is ufro gaciskrovnebuli da netaria.
am naxatis siuJeti SesaZlebelia iyos leonardos bavSvobis istoriis
sinTezis matarebeli. Tavisi mamis saxlSi man moipova ara mxolod deda aramed
bebiac mona luCia, romelic mis mimarT aranakleb keTili iyo. kidev erTi
gasaocari detali romelic iZens kidev ufro met mniSvnelobas. wminda ana,
romelic unda iyos ufro solidur asakSi, SesaZloa gamosaxulia am naxatze ufro
xandazmulad mariamTan SedarebiT, magram miuxedavad amisa is aris axalgazrda
qalbatoni, romelsac jer kidev ar daukargavs qaluri silamaze. faqtiurad
108
leonardom vaJs ori deda mianiWa: erTi romelic xels iSvers misken, xolo meore
romelic ukana planze imyofeba, orive maTgans gamosaxuli aqvs netari Rimili.
Tumca muteri magaliTad varaudobs rom leonardo saerTod ver bedavda gamoesaxa
sibere, naoWebi.
leonardos bavSvobac msgavsi xasiaTis iyo, mas ori deda gaaCnda, pirveli
namdvili, katerian, xolo meore dedinacvali dona albiera, romelic mis mier
lmobieri da nazi iyo. swored aqedan gamomdinare Camouyalibda mas es kompozicia
“wminda ana sameuli erTad”. dediseuli figura ufro metad aris CamoSorebuli
vaJisagan. is gamosaxavs bebias, Tumca naxarSi Tavisi adgilmdebareobiTa da
ganlagebiT vaJis mimarT ikavebs katerinas adgils. wminda anas netari RimiliT
mxatvarma is Suri dafara rasac ganicdida is ubeduri qali, rodesac man dauTmo
didgvarovan qalbatons Tavisi Ze, imis msgavsad rogorc Tavis droze daTmo
Tavisi meuRle.
aqedan gamomdinare sxva namuSevaric adasturebs im faqts, rom mona lizam
gaaRviZa leonardoSi mogonebani adreuli bavSvobis periodidan.
froidi Tvlis, rom dedis siyvaruli ZuZumwovara bavSvis mimarT, romelsac
is aWmevs da romelsac uvlis, aris gacilebiT ufro siRrmiseuli gataceba, vidre
misi gviandeli grZnoba Svilis mimarT romelic izrdeba. Tavisi bunebiT es aris
sasiyvaruli kavSiri, romelic savsebiT akmayofilebs ara mxolod yvela sulier
moTxovnilebas, aramed yvela fizikur moTxovnilebasac. yvelaze bednier
axalgazrdul qorwinebaSic ki mama grZnobs, rom bavSvi, gansakuTrebiT ki patara
vaJi, misi metoqe xdeba da swored aqedan iRebs saTaves Rrma Seurigebloba
ukanasknelis mimarT.
froidis azriT SesaZloa rom leonardo am iersaxeebiT uaryofs da
xelovnurad Trgunavs Tavis aranormalurad ganviTarebul grZnobas, da amgvari
netari SerwymiT gamosaxavs qalur da mamakacur arss, rac dedis mier motyuebuli
vaJis survili asrulebas warmoadgens.
V.
leonardos dRiuris CanawerebSi aris erTi Canaweri romelic gansakuTrebul
yuradRebas ipyrobs, Tavisi Sinaarsis mravalmniSvnelovnobiTa da mciredi
formaluri Secdomis gamo.
“1504 wlis 9 ivliss, oTxSabaTs, dilis 7 saaTze gardaicvala senior piero
da vinCi, podestis sasaxlis notariusi; mamaCemi 7 saaTze. is iyo 80 wlis; datova
10 Svili mamrobiTi sqesisa da 2 mdedrobiTis”.
am CanawerSi saubaria leonardos mamis sikvdilze da SesamCnevia erTi
umniSvnelo Secdoma – is orjer imeorebs dros, Tavidan da boloSi. es mxolod
da mxolod wvrilmania, romlis Sesaxeb sxva arafsiqoanalitikosi arc ki
dafiqrdeboda. fsiqoanalitikosisaTvis yvelaferi warmodgens sulieri procesebis
gamovlinebas; msgavsi “dabneulobisa” daviwyebisa da ganmeorebis safuZvelze
misTvis SesaZlebelia faruli zraxvebisa da ltolvebis/biZgebis gamocnoba.
SesaZlebelia iTqvas rom es Canaweric msgavsad katerinas dakrZalvisa da misi
mowafeebisaTvis saWiro nivTebis angariSebisa warmoadgens mis afeqtur
mdgomareobas. formac ki msgavsia – pedanturoba da wina planze cifrebis wamoweva.
msgavs ganmeorebas Cven vuwodebT perseveracias. es aris Zalian kargi
saSualeba saimisod rom moxdes afeqturi elferis amocnoba. leonardos rom ar
qonoda afeqtis daTrgunvis mcdeloba, es adgili dRiurSi gaiJRerda Semdegnairad:
“dRes 7 saaTze, gardaicvala senior piero da vinCi, Cemi sawyali mama!” magram
perversiis meSveobiT gulgrilobamde dayvanili gardacvalebis Setyobineba, rac
gamoixateba saaTis gansazRvriT sruliad arTmevs am Canawers paToss da
saSualebas iZleva amovicnoT rom iyo garkveuli ram rac unda yofiliyo
dafaruli da daTrgunuli. senior pireo da vinCi iyo sakmaod energiuli adamiani,
romelmac amis wyalobiT daimsaxura pativiscema da moipova keTildReoba. is iyo
daqorwinebuli oTxjer; misi pirveli ori meuRle gardaicvalnen uSvilod,
109
mxolod mesamem aCuqa mas kanonieri vaJi, am droisaTvis leonardo iyo 24 wlis da
ukve didi xnis wamosuli iyo mamiseuli saxlidan veroCios saxelosnoSi. meoTxe
da ukanaskneli meuRlisagan romelic piero da vinCim moiyvana 50 wlis asakSi,
yavda 9 vaJi da 2 qalwuli.
mamas garkveuli mniSvneloba gaaCnia leonardos fsiqoseqsualuri
ganviTarebisadmi da ara mxolod uaryofiTi TvalsazrisiT Tavisi dauswreblobis
gamo adreul asakSi, aramed uSualodac Tavisi daswrebiT misi gviandeli
bavSvobis asakSi.
is vinc bavSvobisas ganicdis ltolvas dedis mimarT SeuZlebelia ar
ocnebobdes mamis adgilas yofnaze; is axdens sakuTari Tavis gaigivebas masTan da
SemdgomSi miznad isaxavs dajabnos igi.
homoseqsualurobisadmi midrekileba rogorc cnobilia Cndeba mxolod
sqesobrivi momwifebis periodSi. rodesac es dro dadga, mamasTan gaigivebam
dakarga leonardos seqsualuri cxovrebisaTvis yovelgvari mniSvneloba, Tumca
iyo SemorCenili sxva araerotiul sferoebSi. Cven viciT, rom mas uyvarda kargi
tanisamosi, yavda cxenebi da mosamsaxureebi – Tumca ki xSir SemTxvevaSi am
yvelafris SesaZlebloba ar qonda. is ubralod cdilobda mamis kopirebasa da mis
dajabnvas. mamamisi dedasTan mimarTebaSi iyo didgvarovani, aqedan gamomdinare
leonardos qonda tendencia “to out Herod” daejabna herode.
leonardos samxatvro SemoqmedebisaTvis misi gaigiveba mamasTan sabediswero
Sedegis mqone iyo. is qmnida Tavis naxatebs da Semdeg aRar zrunavda maTze, misi
mamis msgavsad. mamis mxridan momdevno wlebSi uxvi zrunvis miuxedavad es misTvis
damaxasiaTebeli iyo, vinaidan adreuli bavSvobis periodi yvelaze
STabeWdilebiani aris, xolo gandevnili da aracnobierSi darCenili
gamousworebelia gviandeli gancdebis meoxebiT.
aRorZinebis xanaSi, aseve mogvianebiTac, nebismieri mxatvari saWiroebda
mfarvelsa da maRalCinosan batons. leonardos SemTxvevaSi es iyo ludoviko
sforce, saxelad moro. mis karze leonardom Tavisi cxovrebis yvelaze brwyinvale
periodi gaatara, razec metyvelebs “saidumlo seroba” da amxedrebuli franCesko
sforces qandakeba. leonardo gaemgzavra milanidan ufro adre, vidre ludoviko
moros katastrofa SeemTxva. is gardaicvala patimrobaSi erT-erT frangul cixeSi.
sakuTari batonis Sesaxeb leonardo Semdegi saxis Canawers awarmoebs Tavis
dRiurSi: “hercogma dakarga Tavisi miwa, qoneba, Tavisufleba, da arc erTi mis mier
wamowyebuli saqme ar iyo miyvanili bolomde”. gasaocaria rom am SemTxvevaSi Tavis
patrons is swored ise sayvedurobs, rogorc mas sayvedurobda SemdgomSi
STamomavloba, TiTqos da mas surda vinme “mamaTagani” yofiliyo pasuxismgebeli
misi dausrulebeli namuSevrebis gamo. sinamdvileSi is ar iyo usamarTlo
hercogis mimarT.
froidi xazs usvams imas, rom fsiqoanalizma gvaswavla mamiseul kompleqssa
da RmerTis rwmenas Soris arsebuli intimuri kavSiri; man gvaCvena, rom piradi
RmerTi idealizirebuli mamis msgavsia. yoveldRiurad Cven vadevnebT Tvalyurs im
faqts, rom axalgazrdebi kargaven religiur rwmenas maSin, rodesac imsxvreva
mamis avtoriteti. aqedan gamomdinare mSobelTa kompleqsSi Cven aRmovaCenT
religiuri moTxovnilebis fesvebs.
leonardos xelovnebis Sesaxeb ambobdnen rom misi wmindanebis figurebidan
gamqrali aris eklesiuri dogmatizmis ukanaskneli narCenic ki, isini
miaxlovebuli arian adamianurTan, rom maTSi udidesi da umSvenieresi grZnobebis
asaxva iyos SesaZlebeli.
froidis azriT eWvgareSea, rom leonardom dajabna rogorc dogmaturi, aseve
piradi religiac da Tavisi kvleviTi samuSaoTi sakmaod CamoSorda morwmune
qristianis azrovnebasa da msoflmxedvelobas.
froidi isev ubrundeba fantazias Zeris Sesaxeb da xazs usvams leonardos
cxovrebaSi Citis frenis Seswavlis mniSvnelobas. erT-erTi sakmaod gaugebari
adgili mis CanawerebSi romelic JRers rogorc winaswarmetyveleba, romelic
110
Citis frenas exeba, asaxavs imas, Tu ra afeqturi interesiT iyo is ganwyobili
frenis xelovnebis dauflebisadmi: “es didi frinveli, Tavis pirvel frenas
ganaxorcielebs “didi gedis” qedidan, riTac qveyana aRivseba gakvirvebiT, xolo
xelnawerebi ki qebiT da im budes romelSic is gamoiCeka, samaradiso dideba
moelis”.
ratom esizmrebaT adamianebs rom maT SeuZliaT frena? fsiqoanalizi Tvlis
rom frena, an frinvelad gardasaxva warmoadgens gansxavebuli survilis SeniRbvas.
am survilis axsna SesaZlebelia sityvieri da aseve sagnobrivi mtkicebulebiT.
Tuki cnobismoyvare bavSvebs uyvebian rom iseT did frinvels rogoric aris wero,
patara bavSvebi moyavs, Tuki antikur xanaSi faloss gamosaxavdnen frTebiT, xolo
italielebTan mamakacis sasqeso organo atarebs saxelwodeba luccello
(frinveli/Citi), es yvelaferi imis maniSnebelia rom frenis unari sizmarSi
aRniSnavs sqesobrivi aqtivobis SesaZleblobas/unarianobas. Tuki zrdasruli
ixsenebs Tavis bavSvobas is mas bednierad eCveneba, magram es sruliad ar niSnavs
imas, rom bavSvisaTvis es periodi idiliuria. TviTon bavSvebisaTvis sasurvelia
iseTi qmedebebis ganxorcieleba rac zrdasrulebisaTvisaa mxolod SesaZlebeli,
isini cdiloben rac SeiZleba ufro swrafad gaiaron bavSvobis wlebi. am
SemTxvevaSi froidi Tvlis, rom magaliTad aviatika, romelmac Cven droSi Tavis
daniSnulebasa da mizans miaRwia, safuZvels iRebs infantilur erotizmSi.
leonardo garkveul wilad cxovrebis bolomde darCa bavSvuri, saerTodac
amboben rom bumberazi adamianebi inarCunebdnen bavSvurobas mTeli cxovrebis
ganmavlobaSi. magaliTad zrdasrul asakSi is isev TamaSobda rac misi
garSemomyofTaTvis sakmaod ucnauri da arasasiamovno iyo.
VI.
froidis namuSevris mizani iyo leonardos seqsualur cxovrebaSi arsebuli
Sekavebebis/Seyovnebis da misi samxatvro Semoqmedebis axsna. am TavSi is leonardos
fsiqikis ganviTarebis ganmavlobaSi garkveuli aRmoCenebis mimoxilvas axdens.
SeuZlebelia misi STamomavlobis garkveva, Tumca naTelia, rom adreuli
bavSvobis xana masze mavnebel zemoqmedebas axdens. misi ukanono dabadeba
CamoaSorebs leonardos pirveli xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi mamas da am drois
ganmavlobaSi masze mxolod deda zrunavs. cqerisa da Semecnebis ltolva
waqezebuli iyo misi adreuli bavSvobis STabeWdilebebidan gamomdinare; piris
erogenuli zona iZens im mniSvnelobas, romelsac samudamod inarCunebs SemdgomSi.
cxovelebisadmi gviandeli gadametebuli mgrZnobelobidan gamomdinare
SesaZlebelia davaskvnaT, rom bavSvobis am periodSi is sadizmis Zlieri
maxasiaTeblebiT gamoirCeoda.
rodesac ymawvilobis periodSi sqesobrivi aRgznebis talRebma ifeTqa,
seqsualuri ltolvis umetesi nawili Semecnebisadmi ltolvaSi iqna
sublimirebuli da aqedan gamomdinare gandevna ar momxdara. libidos SedarebiT
naklebi nawili SemorCa seqsualuri miznebisaTvis da zrdasruli leonardos
atrofirebul seqsualur cxovrebas warmoadgens. dedisadmi libidos gandevnis
Sedegad es mciredi nawili gardaisaxeba homoseqsualurobaSi da vlindeba
biWebisadmi idealuri siyvarulis saxiT. aracnobierSi rCeba fiqsireba dedisa da
maT Soris arsebuli urTierTobebis netari mogonebebisadmi, magram es pasiur
mdgomareobaSi rCeba.
Tavisi bneli bavSvobis Semdeg, leonardo mogvevlina rogorc mxatvari da
moqandake. froidis azriT es niWi gaZlierda masSi bavSvobis pirvandel wlebSi
gamowveuli cqerisadmi ltolvidan gamomdinare.
Tavdapirvelad ymawvil asakSi, leonardo TiTqos da Tavisuflad muSaobs,
yovelgvari Seyovnebis gareSe. vinaidan Tavis garegan cxovrebaSi is mamiseul
iersaxes hercog ludoviko moroSi xedavs. am periodSi is ganicdis mamakacur
SemoqmedebiT siZlieresa da mxatvrul produqtiulobas. magram sul male, mis
magaliTze vlindeba, rom realuri sqesobrivi cxovrebis TiTqmis sruli
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daTrgunva ar warmoadgens ufro karg pirobebs SemoqmedebiTi Zalisa da
mxatvruli produqtiulobisaTvis. am qmediTunarianobaze aisaxeba realuri
seqsualuri cxovrebac, amitomac aqtivoba da swrafi gadawyvetilebisadmi swrafva
klebas iwyebs. es aisaxeba “saidumlo serobis” namuSevarze da wyvets am qmnilebis
beds. procesi imdenad nela xorcieldeba rom SesaZlebelia misi Sedareba
regressTan nevrotikebis SemTxvevas Tu davesesxebiT.
sqesobrivi momwifebisas ganviTarebuli mxatvari dajabnulia bavSvobisas
gansazRvruli mkvlevariT; es aris misi erotiuli ltolvebis meore sublimireba,
romelic uTmobs asparezs ufro adre, pirveladi gandevnisas aRmocenebuls.
leonardo mkvlevari xdeba, Tavdapirvelad Tavisi SemoqmedebisaTvis sasargeblod,
xolo SemdgomSi ki misgan damoukideblad.
xandazmuli asakis mwvervalze, mas Semdeg rac man ormocdaaT wels
gadaabija, saqme exeba im periods, rodesac qalis sqesobrivi cxovreba
SeCerebulia, xolo mamakacis – kidev erT energiul mozRvavebas ganicdis,
leonardoSi kidev erTi cvlileba iCens Tavs. misi sulis siRrmiseuli fenebi
ufro metad aqtiurni xdebian, da es meoradi regresia sakeTildReo aris misi
SemoqmedebisaTvis.
is xvdeba qalbatons, romelic masSi bednieri, netari Rimilis Sesaxeb
arsebul mogonebas aRviZebs da misi zegavleniT masSi aRmocendeba is survili,
romelic amoZravebda leonardos momRimare qalbatonebisa da biWebis Zerwvisas. is
xatavs “mona lizas”, “wminda anas sameulSi” da mTel rig naxatebs romelTa
idumaleba gamorCeulia Rimilis gamo.
Tanamedrove biologia ganmartavs adamianis konstituciis mTavar
maxasiaTeblebs qaluri da mamakacuri sawyisebis gaerTianebis gziT; lamazi
garegnoba da aseve is faqtic rom leonardo iyo memarcxene (cacia),
garkveulwilad sayrden wertilebs iZleva. magram froids mainc ar surs
fsiqoanalizis kvlevis niadagis mitoveba. amis mizania garegani gancdebisa da
maTze reagirebis mqone pirovnebas Soris arsebuli kavSiris Zieba. froidi Tvlis
rom Tuki fsiqoanalizi ver xsnis leonardos SemoqmedebiTobis mizezebs, is
SesaZlebels xdis misi talantis gamovlinebebisa da naklulovanebis Semecnebas.
mxolod da mxolod is adamiani, romelmac ganvlo leonardos bavSvoba, SesZlebda
daewera “mona liza” da “wminda ana”, Tavisi nawarmoebisaTvis msgavsi bediswera
mieniWebina da moexdina progresireba Semecnebis sferoSi, TiTqos da misi
qmnilebebisa da warumateblobebis gasaRebi Zeris Sesaxeb bavSvur fantaziaSi
imyofeba.
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