AN EVALUATION OF THE ROLES OF WILDLIFE BASED TOURISTIC

SITES IN KENYA TOWARDS THE HOST COMMUNITIES’

PERCEPTION: CASE STUDY OF LAKE NAKURU NATIONAL PARK.

ANN WANJIRU

ADM:DTTM/2014/60659
DECLARATION
Declaration by student

I declare that this research project is my original work and has not been presented for any

academic award in any other university

Signature ……………………………………………Date………………………………..

Betty Anne Wanjiru

Adm no: DTTM/2014/60659

Approval by Supervisor

I declare that this research project has been submitted for examination with my approval as the

supervisor.

Signature ……………………………………………Date………………………………..

…………………………..

Supervisor,

i
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to my parents, brothers and sister.

ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My heartfelt appreciation goes to my supervisor Mr. ……………for his valuable expert

guidance and attention to detail which are instrumental in keeping me on track for the duration of

this research writing.

iii
Table of Contents
DECLARATION..........................................................................................................................................i
DEDICATION............................................................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..........................................................................................................................iii
LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................................vi
LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................................vii
ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................................viii
CHAPTER ONE..........................................................................................................................................1
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the study........................................................................................................................1
1.2 Justification of the study........................................................................................................................2
1.3 Problem statement................................................................................................................................3
1.4 Research objectives...............................................................................................................................3
1.4.1 General objective...............................................................................................................................3
1.4.2 Specific objectives.............................................................................................................................3
1.5 Research questions...............................................................................................................................3
1.5.1 Main question.....................................................................................................................................3
1.5.2 Specific questions...............................................................................................................................4
1.6 Scope of the study.................................................................................................................................4
1.7 Limitations of the study.........................................................................................................................4
1.7.1 Delimitations of the study...................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER TWO.........................................................................................................................................5
LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................................................5
2.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................5
2.2 Wildlife Based Touristic Sites in Kenya................................................................................................5
2.3 Association between National parks and local communities................................................................6
2.4 Perception of local people towards wildlife based touristic sites...........................................................7
2.5 The local communities reactions towards wildlife based touristic sites (satisfaction and
dissatisfaction).............................................................................................................................................8
2.5.1 Satisfaction.........................................................................................................................................8

iv
2.5.2 Dissatisfaction....................................................................................................................................8
2.6 Trends in the roles of wildlife based touristic sites in Kenya towards local communities.....................8
CHAPTER THREE...................................................................................................................................10
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..............................................................................................................10
3.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................10
3.2 Research Design..................................................................................................................................10
3.3 Location of the study...........................................................................................................................10
3.4 Target group........................................................................................................................................10
3.5 Sampling techniques and Sample size.................................................................................................10
3.6 Data collection instrument...................................................................................................................11
3.7 Data Analysis procedures....................................................................................................................11
3.8 Ethical Considerations.........................................................................................................................11
CHAPTER FOUR.....................................................................................................................................12
DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION........................................................12
4.1 Introductions........................................................................................................................................12
4.2 Demographic information....................................................................................................................12
4.3 Social-cultural benefits of Wildlife based touristic sites like the Lane Nakuru National Park.............13
4.4 Economic Benefits of Wild life based touristic sites like the Lake Nakuru National Park...................14
4.5 Contribution of Wild life based touristic sites like the Lake Nakuru National Park to infrastructure
growth.......................................................................................................................................................16
CHAPTER FIVE.......................................................................................................................................19
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION...................................................................19
5.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................19
5.2 Summary of the major findings...........................................................................................................19
5.3 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................20
5.4 Recommendation.................................................................................................................................20
References.................................................................................................................................................22
APPENDICES...........................................................................................................................................24
Appendix I: Questionnaire.........................................................................................................................24
Appendix II: Work Plan............................................................................................................................31
Appendix III: Research Budget.................................................................................................................32

v
LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

vi
ABSTRACT
The purpose of carrying out this study was to evaluate wildlife based tourist sites towards host
Community. The study was guided by the following questions: to assess the effects of Lake
Nakuru National Park on Maasai culture: to assess the economic effects of Lake Nakuru National
Park to the Maasai community and to assess the effects of Amboseli National Park on the
infrastructure development to the Maasai community. The study adopted a descriptive survey
design. The study was carried out in Lake Nakuru National Park. The park in the county attracts
many tourists and thus need to assess the performance towards host communities. The target
population was all staffs in Lake Nakuru National Park estimated to be 100. Lake Nakuru
National Park is situated in Nakuru County. Systematic random sampling was used to select the
respondents. A total of 30 staffs were targeted to be interviewed. Data was collected through
self-administered questionnaires, given to the staffs. Questionnaires collected from field were
checked to confirm if all questions were answered and data is coded. Qualitative data was first
organized into themes, then descriptive statistical method was used after frequencies and
percentages were calculated from the data obtained in the field. This information was presented
on tables to make its interpretation easier and clearer.

vii
viii
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
The purpose of carrying out this study was to evaluate wildlife based tourist sites towards host
Community. The study was guided by the following questions: to assess the effects of these sites
on the neighboring communities.

1.1 Background of the study

Wildlife management and conservation involves various costs and benefits, which should all be
taken into account to achieve an optimal outcome. In Kenya, most of our national parks and
reserves are heavily dependent on surrounding community and private owned lands for their
ecological survival and integrity. Others rely on such lands for corridors and dispersal areas.
Community conservation is an approach that has been gaining momentum in Kenya and
worldwide as discussed by (Kipkeu et al. 2014), to conserve the corridors and the habitats of the
endangered wildlife.
However, Wiggins (2004), differs that the community involvement in the conservation efforts
could be frustrated by failure to be incorporated totally in conservation. This may lead to change
of their perceptions in conservation as indicated by Chase et. al (2004). Kipkeu et al (2014)
supports the derivation of the benefits to the locals in order to make them involved and benefit
from co-existence with wildlife which AWF attest is the key to conserving the threatened
ecosystems and animals. (Kipkeu et al. 2014).
Conservation areas are largely administered by government in developing nations. Efforts are
made to meet people’s needs in conservation by involving them in decision-making, allowing
them to share benefits of conservation, and providing them with measures to alleviate any
adverse effects of conservation It is widely acknowledged that communities living within the
vicinity of protected areas are critical to the success of conservation efforts. (Wiggins et al.
2004).
Despite all the efforts the parks and reserves are still faced with challenges of understanding the
local community perceptions towards what they conserve. They have been left to do community
policing and developments based on their own community evaluations. Such have included the
fencing of the parks to minimize human wildlife conflicts denying the locals access to the
resources they have managed all the years.

1
According to the African World fund, it is necessary to build relationships between rural
resource users and build sustainable community systems between the authorities and the host
communities. Such systems should be beneficial to both parties to enhance conservation and
community support to conservation initiatives. This project is set to evaluate the roles of the
Lake Nakuru national parks on the host community and evaluate the community perceptions
towards the park in both community based projects of the park and their attitudes towards
conservation and park related activities. (Kipkeu et al. 2014),
Lake Nakuru National park is one of the main parks in Kenya and has been rated among the most
visited parks in Kenya. Completely fenced, local communities have little or no access to the
park. Departments based on communities’ benefits have been established to foster community
participation and improve their perceptions on conservation while promoting the role played by
the park. However, the community perception of the locals remains less evaluated based on the
role played by the park which this study will strive to unearth.

1.2 Justification of the study

The role of community in the conservation cannot be underestimated. Similarly the contribution
of conservation initiatives to the local communities cannot be ignored while deriving benefits
from conservation. Conflicting policies and lack of involvement of either party in the decision
making can be detrimental especially where ones attitude and perceptions is not fully understood
or addressed. This study will unearth the perceptions of the local communities around Lake
Nakuru National park towards the park roles. The roles played by the park will be discussed
from the community perspective. This will help in developing policies that are acceptable to the
local communities and which they feel involved in if their concerns are addressed. This study is
expected to increase community participation in the conservation and management of the natural
resources around Lake Nakuru National park. The study is expected to open a leeway for further
studies on community based approaches to conservation around Lake Nakuru national park.

1.3 Problem statement

Local communities have been perceived to benefit more from hosting the wildlife in their areas;
however the repercussions’ could be worse than the benefits accrued. Management authorities
have mitigated this through establishment of community departments that deal with community

2
issues. On the other hand local communities could have different opinions concerning the
conservation measures and benefits directed to them. Due to low participation on the decision
making as argued by Wiggins et al. (2004) local communities surrounding Lake Nakuru Park
could be holding different perceptions despite the agency’s efforts to incorporate them fully in
the management of the park and resource allocation. Most of the studies have been based on the
benefits that the corporate responsibility has been doing on the local communities with little or
no community input.

1.4 Research objectives

1.4.1 General objective

To evaluate the role of Lake Nakuru National park towards Local communities perceptions

1.4.2 Specific objectives

• To determine the park benefits towards the local communities adjacent to Lake Nakuru
• To evaluate local communities perceptions on the role of the Lake Nakuru National park
• To evaluate the community satisfaction of the role played by Lake Nakuru and
expectations.
• To determine the factors affecting the association / relation between the park and the
local communities.

1.5 Research questions

1.5.1 Main question

What is the role of Lake Nakuru National Park (LNNPP) on local communities and how does it
affect local community perceptions?

1.5.2 Specific questions

This study will strive to answer the following specific questions which will also guide the study:
• What roles does Lake Nakuru National park play on local communities?

3
 • How do local communities perceive the role played by the LNNP?
• Are the local communities satisfied with the role played by the LNNP?
• What are the benefits of having both entities together?

1.6 Scope of the study

The study will comprise of communities living on the surroundings of Lake Nakuru National
Park.
Settlement (rural and urban), ranching and agriculture outline the bounds of Lake Nakuru
national park. Nakuru town is located to the north of the park while settlement schemes under
individual tenure systems are found on the west and southern sides. On the eastern side, there is
another settlement scheme together with the Soysambu conservancy. Dominant human activities
around the park include large and small scale crop farming (maize, beans, wheat, pyrethrum,
barley) and livestock (cattle, sheep, goats) keeping. The Soysambu conservancy keeps both wild
and domestic animals.

1.7 Limitations of the study

The study will use questionnaire for data collection which will be administered through face-to-
face method where the interviewer will ask questions and fill where appropriate. The limitations
of this method will be communication barriers as it is anticipated that some interviewees might
not understand the national language which is Swahili. Use of translators will be required for
cases of people who only speak their local dialect. The data collection might face poor
infrastructure and bad weather conditions.

1.7.1 Delimitations of the study

Self-administered questionnaires will be used. Focused group discussions will be held to avoid
loss of questionnaires and minimize fear among the respondent and create a sense of trust.

4
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This chapter analyses various literature that have been written concerning the wildlife based

tourist sites towards host communities.

2.2 Wildlife Based Touristic Sites in Kenya

In Kenya, exclusive wildlife reservations were carved out of lands which were previously used
by traditional pastoral peoples. These national parks and reserves which are now managed by the
Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) date back to the period immediately following the Second World
War (Campbell , et al ,1991)

Kenya has 57 protected areas dispersed widely across the country. These parks and reserves are
the basis of Kenya's thriving wildlife safari tourism. Two other major attractions are coastal
beaches, and museums and archaeological sites. Most tourists, however, combine wildlife safari
with “sun, sand and sea” perhaps because of the proximity of wildlife areas to the coast (Dieke,
1991).
Some of the Kenyan national parks are a common tourist attraction in Kenya are;Amboseli
National Park, Maasai Mara National Park,Mount Elgon National Park,Kora National Park, Lake
Nakuru National Park, Tsavo Conservation Area, Mount Kenya National Park,Nairobi National
Park among others.

5
2.3 Association between National parks and local communities

In Kenya, tourism is recognized as a force for job creation and poverty alleviation (Binns & Nel,

2002) in the light of its labour intensive nature and role as a major employer of semi-skilled and

unskilled workers, and women (Ashley & Roe, 2002). Job creation involves both direct (e.g. a

role in park staff or tourism operations) and indirect employment (where income is derived by

businesses or activities based on a park, e.g. local procurement or roadside stalls selling goods to

passing tourists).

The involvement of local communities in tourism development cannot be ignored or overlooked

owing to their vital roles. Jamal and Stronza (2009) have asserted that involving local

communities in tourism development within and around protected wildlife reserves and national

parks is important in bridging the gap between governance and use of biodiversity resources in a

tourist destination. Apart from the economic benefits that local communities can derive from

tourism, their involvement in tourism development can also be beneficial to tourism

development because they can assist rural communities living adjacent to wildlife protected areas

to earn a livelihood and provide incentives for them conserve and preserve their natural and

cultural heritage resources. Kenya is one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations owing

to its rich diversity of tourist attractions and dependent on tourism as a key driver of its national

economy. Employment is one of tourism's main development advantages and its role in

promoting economic opportunities for communities adjacent to parks have long been appreciated

(e.g. Goodwin, 2002; Simelane et al., 2006).

6
2.4 Perception of local people towards wildlife based touristic sites.

The Kenya Wildlife Services has over the last two or so decades been encouraging communities

living near wildlife protected areas to undertake entrepreneurial activity in tourism as a means of

reconciling the otherwise intractable conflicts between conservation and development. There has

been human and wildlife conflict over the years with both sides accusing each other of

encroaching on their land. The KWS has accused the communities of poaching while the

communities have complained on the wild animals encroaching on their farms and destroying

their crops and killing their livestock. This has led to a sweet and sour relationship between both

parties.

Maasai pastoralists living around Lake Nakuru national park represents one of communities

being encouraged and supported to undertake conservation as a form of commercial tourism

enterprise. The reasons for this are threefold: one, the realization than the survival of more than

70 percent of the wild animals that live seasonally or permanently outside the protected areas

depend on the goodwill of the landowners and therefore there is need to involve them in tourism

as encouraging sustainable natural resource conservation outside protected areas (Mburu 2004;

Rutten 2004); two, reduce human wildlife conflicts by providing local communities with

diversified economic alternatives that would reduce the day-to-day pressure livelihood activities

place on protected areas and three, deal with escalating levels of poverty and unemployment

amongst pastoralist communities.

7
2.5 The local communities reactions towards wildlife based touristic sites (satisfaction
and dissatisfaction).

2.5.1 Satisfaction
Tourism can contribute to cultural exchange and to revitalizing old cultures, traditions, languages

and arts (Telfer & Sharpley, 2008).Job creation, improvement of infrastructure. The involvement

of local communities in tourism development cannot be ignored or overlooked owing to their

vital roles. Jamal and Stronza (2009) have asserted that involving local communities in tourism

development within and around protected wildlife reserves and national parks is important in

bridging the gap between governance and use of biodiversity resources in a tourist destination.

Apart from the economic benefits that local communities can derive from tourism, their

involvement in tourism development can also be beneficial to tourism development because they

can assist rural communities living adjacent to wildlife protected areas to earn a livelihood and

provide incentives for them conserve and preserve their natural and cultural heritage resources.

2.5.2 Dissatisfaction
Negative socio cultural impacts include ‘demonstration effects’ (i.e. locals copying the behavior

of tourists), the marginalization of locals to jobs of lesser importance, loss or misuse of cultural

artefacts, perceptions of cultural exploitation and commoditization of culture (Eagles & McCool,

2002; Archer et al., 2005). Tourism can also lead to tension, suspicion and hostility; segregation;

culture shock; ethnocentrism; and perceptions and expressions of superiority or inferiority

(Robinson, 1999).

2.6 Trends in the roles of wildlife based touristic sites in Kenya towards local communities.
According to Dwyer (2005), roads network, air transport and hotel industry serve as the base of

8
tourism sector and that they are the most important elements in the development of tourism.

Infrastructure increases the efficiency of privately producing and distributing tourism services,

and in certain cases, such as tourism enclaves on remote destinations, makes possible the supply

of tourism services. This has directly or indirectly improved the livelihood of the local

communities.

CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the methodology which was used to carry out the study. It describes the

research design, the target population, sampling procedures that was used to select the sample

size. It also describes how data was collected and analyzed.

3.2 Research Design

The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The design facilitated the collection of

information on the wildlife based tourist sites towards host communities in Kenya.

3.3 Location of the study

The study was carried out in Lake Nakuru National Park. The park in the county attracts many

tourists and thus need to assess the performance towards host communities.

9
3.4 Target group
The target population was all staffs in Lake Nakuru National Park estimated to be 25. Lake

Nakuru National Park is situated in Nakuru County.

3.5 Sampling techniques and Sample size

Systematic random sampling was used to select the respondents. A total of 15 staffs was targeted

to be interviewed.

3.6 Data collection instrument

Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires, given to the staffs. The

questionnaires comprised two sections; the first section focused on the general aspects i.e.

demographics while the second part focused on questions based on the objectives.

3.7 Data Analysis procedures

Questionnaires collected from field were checked to confirm if all questions are answered and

data is coded. Qualitative data was first organized into themes, then descriptive statistical method

was used after frequencies and percentages are calculated from the data obtained in the field.

This information was presented on tables to make its interpretation easier and clearer.

3.8 Ethical Considerations

In these study high levels of confidentiality was maintained. Respondents were clearly informed

about the purpose of the study they were about to participate in. Necessary permission was

obtained from the relevant authorities and a principle of anonymity was upheld. All these were

done to boost the confidence of the respondents so that they provide adequate Information.

10
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 Introductions
This chapter presets the analyzed data in form of tables and figures. The analysis was done based

on the research objectives and demographic data to the respondents.

4.2 Demographic information

The demographic information sought in the study included gender, age, academic qualification

and experience in tourism industry. The findings were presented in table 4.1

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 11 73.33%
female 4 26.67%
Age Frequency Percentage
Below 18 years 0 0%
19-25years 4 26.67%
26-35years 5 33.33%
36-50years 2 13.33%
above 50 4 26.67%
Education level Frequency Percentage

11
Certificate 2 13.33%
Diploma 10 66.66%
Bachelors’ Degree 3 20%
Masters 0 0%
PHD 0 0%
Experience in years Frequency Percentage
Less than 5 years 2 13.33%
6-10 6 40%
more than 10 7 46.67%

Findings in table 4.1 shown that majority of the respondents were males (73.33%). Most of the

respondents (33.33%) were aged between 26 – 35 years while most of the respondents (66.66%)

were diploma holders. Majority of the participants () had more than 10 years of experience

4.3 Social-cultural benefits of Wildlife based touristic sites like the Lake Nakuru national
park
The first objective of the study was geared towards outlining the social-cultural benefits of Lake

Nakuru national park . The respondents were requested to indicate whether there were people

coming to watch cultural activities in Lake Nakuru national park.

12
Figure 4.1 Response on whether people come to watch social cultural activities

yes

100%

Findings in figure 4.1 shown that majority of the respondents (100%) agreed that people were

coming to Lake Nakuru national park to watch social cultural activities . some of the social

cultural activities stated by respondents included craving and selling of curious , marketing of

Maasai cultural attires, ceramics, charity work, support of local festivals , dancing and singing

among others .

4.4 Economic Benefits of Wild life based touristic sites like the Lake Nakuru national park
The second objective of the study focused on economic benefit of Lake Nakuru national park

The respondents were inquired whether there was revenue generated from Lake Nakuru national

park. The response was presented in the figure 4.2;

13
Figure 4.2: Response on whether there was revenue generated from Wild life based
touristic sites like the Lake Nakuru national park

100.00%
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00% Respondents
90.60%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
9.40%
10.00%
0.00%

Findings in the fig 4.2 shown that majority of the respondents were to the agreement that there

was revenue generated from Lake Nakuru national park 9.4% f the respondent didn’t agree

The study further sought whether this helped the growth of economy in Nakuru County, the

findings were as per table 4.2

Response F %
Yes 15 100
No 0 0
Total 15 100
Table 4.2: Response on whether revenue helped the growth of economy in Nakuru County

Findings in table 4.2 indicated that all of the respondents (100%) were of the agreement that

revenue generated helped in growth of economy ion Nakuru County.

The study further sought whether there were job available for the residents of Nakuru. The

findings were as the figure 4.3

14
Figure 4.3: Response whether there were job available for the residents of Nakuru

7%

Were job
No jobs

93%

Findings in figure 4.3 shown that majority of the respondents (93.33%) were of the view that

there were job available to the residents of Nakuru as a result of Lake Nakuru national park some

of the h job stated include casual labourers , carpentry and workshop among others.

4.5 Contribution of Wild life based touristic sites like the Lake Nakuru national park to
infrastructure growth
The last objective of the study focused on determining the contribution of Lake Nakuru national

park to infrastructure growth. The findings were as per table 4.3;

Table 4.3: State of infrastructure around Wild life based touristic sites like the Lake

Nakuru national park

Excellent Good Poor Very poor

F % F % F % F %
Standard of hotel 0 0 7 46.67 6 40 1 6.67
State of roads 0 0 9 60 5 33.33 1 6.67
Standard of airport 0 0 10 66.7 5 33.33 0 0

Table 4.3 shown that most of the respondents (46.67%) were of the support that hotels were in

good standard while 60% supported that roads were in good state and 66.7% supporting that

airport were in good condition.

15
The study further sought whether the government was taking any measures to improve the

quality of roads networks in Nakuru County. The response was as per figure 4.4:

Figure 4.4: Response on whether the government was taking any measures to improve the

quality of roads networks

No
40%

Yes
60%

Findings in figure 4.4 shown that majority of the respondents were o f the view that government

was taking measures to improve the quality of road network in Nakuru County.

The study further sought how unavailability of an airport in Nakuru County affected tourism

development in this region. The findings were as per figure 4.5:

Figure 4.5: Response on how unavailability of an airport affected tourism development

16
 70%

60%

50%

40%
Percentage
30% 60%

20%

10% 20%
15% 5%

0%

Findings in figure 4.5 shown that majority of the respondents (60%) indicated that unavailability

of an airport led to low tourist turn up slow development (20%), poor development of tourists

(15%) and facilities (5%)

Lastly the study sought about the state of the hospitality facilities particularly hotels in Nakuru

County. The findings were as per table 4.4;

Table 4.4: Response on the state of the hospitality facilities

Condition Frequency Percentages

Poor 4 26.6
Good 8 53.33
Excellent 2 13.33
Didn’t Know 0 0

Findings in table 4.4 shown that majority of the respondents were of the view that state of hotels

was good. Only 13.33% of the respondents indicated that they were excellent.

17
CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Introduction
The chapter provides summary, conclusion and recommendation

5.2 Summary of the major findings

Majority of the respondents (100%) agreed that people were coming to Wild life based touristic

sites like the Lake Nakuru national park to watch social cultural activities. Some of the social

cultural activities stated by respondents included craving and selling of curious, marketing of

Maasai cultural attires, ceramics, charity work, support of local festivals, dancing and singing

among others.

Majority of the respondents were to the agreement that there was revenue generated from Lake

Nakuru national park 9.4% f the respondent didn’t agree

All of the respondents (100%) were of the agreement that revenue generated helped in growth of

economy in Nakuru County. Majority of the respondents (93.33%) were of the view that there

were job available to the residents of Nakuru as a result of Lake Nakuru national park. some of

the job stated include casual labourers , carpentry and workshop among others.

Most of the respondents (46.67%) were of the support that hotels were in good standard while

60% supported that roads were in good state and 66.7% supporting that airport were in good

condition.

Majority of the respondents were of the view that government was taking measures to improve

the quality of road network in Nakuru County. Majority of the respondents (60%) indicated that
18
unavailability of an airport led to low tourist turn up slow development (20%), poor development

of tourists (15%) and facilities (5%). Majority of the respondents were of the view that state of

hotels was good. Only 13.33% of the respondents indicated that they were excellent.

5.3 Conclusion
Based on the above findings the study concludes that:

1. People were coming to Lake Nakuru national park to watch social cultural activities.

2. Some of the social cultural activities stated by respondents included craving and selling

of curious, marketing of Maasai cultural attires, ceremonies, charity work, support of

local festivals, dancing and singing among others.

3. There is revenue generated from Lake Nakuru national park

4. Revenue generated helps in growth of economy ion Nakuru County.

5. There are job available to the residents of Nakuru as a result of Lake Nakuru national

park. Some of the job stated includes casual labourers, carpentry and workshop among

others.

6. Hotels are in good standard

7. Government is taking measures to improve the quality of road network in Nakuru

County.

8. Unavailability of an airport has led to low tourist turn up slow development, poor

development of tourists and facilities.

5.4 Recommendation
1. The government of Kenya should support development of counties especially

infrastructure.

19
2. County government should ensure that the residents around national parks benefits from

the park.

3. Security in parks should be maximized to limit human-wildlife conflicts sot that residents

may continue enjoying benefits of the wild life.

4. Residents around National Parks should make full utilization of the materials to benefits

from the tourist visiting the parks.

20
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22
APPENDICES

Appendix I: Questionnaire
Questionnaire Number:

SECTION A: Demographic Information

1. Kindly indicate your gender

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male
Female
Total

2. Please indicate your age bracket

Gender Frequency Percentage

Below 18 years
19 – 25 years
26 – 35 years
35 – 50 years
Total

3. What is your highest academic qualification?

23
Gender Frequency Percentage
Certificate
PHD
Bachelor’s degree
Master’s degree
Diploma
Total

4. What is your experience in tourism industry?

Gender Frequency Percentage

Less than 5 years
6 – 10 years
More than 10 years
Total

Social – Cultural Benefits of Wild life based touristic sites like the Amboseli National Park

5. Do people come to watch cultural activities in Amboseli National Park?

Gender Frequency Percentage

Yes
No
Total

6. State some of the cultural activities being promoted by Amboseli National Park

Cultural Activities Frequency Percentage

24
Total

Economic benefits of Amboseli National Park

7. Is there revenue generated from Amboseli National Park?

Gender Frequency Percentage

Yes
No
Total
8. Do you think this helps on growth of economy in Kajiado County.

Gender Frequency Percentage

Yes
No
Total

25
9. Are jobs available for the residents of Kimana?

Gender Frequency Percentage

Yes
No
Total
If yes, state some of the jobs.

Some of the jobs Frequency Percentage

Total

Contribution of Amboseli National Park to infrastructure growth

10. Kindly rate the following and give your opinion

Excellent Good Poor Very Poor

F % F % F % F %

Standard of Hotels

State of roads

State of Airport

11. Is the ministry under the government taking any measures to improve the quality of road

networks in Kajiado County?

Gender Frequency Percentage

Yes
No
Total

12. How does the unavailability of an airport in Kajiado County affect tourism development in

this region?

26
Some of the jobs Frequency Percentage
Low tourist turn up
Slow Development
Poor development of tourist
Facilities
Total

What is the state of hospitality facilities; particularly hotels in Kajiado County?

Some of the jobs Frequency Percentage

Poor
Good
Excellent
Don't Know
Total

27
Appendix II: Work Plan
Activity April May June July August Oct Oct

2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018

Topic selection, submission and

approval

Project development

Project submission

Project correction

Project final submission

Data collection

Data analysis

Project submission

Final submission

28
Appendix III: Research Budget
S/NO ITEMS REQUIRED UNITS COSTS TOTAL
1 Pens, pencils and Erasers 3 each 20 180

2 Photocopy papers 1 ream 500 500

3 Photocopying 100 copies 2 200

4 Typing the project & project 60 20 1200

5 Accommodation 3000 3000

TOTAL KSHS. 5,080

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