This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: D1319 − 20a

Standard Test Method for

Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by
Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1319; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* non-oxygenated automotive spark-ignition engine fuels (gaso-

1.1 This test method covers the determination of hydrocar-
bon types of total aromatics, total olefins, and total saturates in
petroleum fractions that distill below 315 °C. Samples contain-
ing dark-colored components that interfere in reading the
chromatographic bands cannot be analyzed.
NOTE 1—For the determination of olefins below 0.3 % by volume, other
test methods are available, such as Test Method D2710.
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling
range products. Cooperative data have established that the
precision statement does not apply to narrow boiling petroleum
fractions near the 315 °C limit. Such samples are not eluted
properly, and results are erratic.
1.3 This test method is also applicable to automotive spark-
ignition engine fuels which are gasolines with and without
blended oxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers (for example
MTBE, ethanol) and where gasoline is the primary component
by volume in the blend.
1.4 The applicability of this test method to products derived
from fossil fuels other than petroleum, such as coal, shale, or
tar sands, has not been determined, and the precision statement
may or may not apply to such products.
1.5 This test method has two precision statements depicted
in Table 3 and Table 4.
1.5.1 Table 3 is applicable to fuels that do not contain
oxygenated blending components over the test method concen-
tration working ranges from 5 % to 99 % by volume aromatics,
1 % to 55 % by volume olefins, and 1 % to 95 % by volume
saturates in petroleum fractions and with a final boiling point of
<315 °C. It may or may not apply to automotive gasolines
containing lead antiknock mixtures.
1.5.2 Table 4 precision was derived from an ILS containing
only blended oxygenated (for example, MTBE, ethanol) and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.04.0C on Liquid Chromatography.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. Originally
approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D1319 – 20. DOI:
10.1520/D1319-20A.
lines) and is applicable only in the test method concentration
working range of 13 % to 40 % by volume aromatics, 4 % to
33 % by volume olefins, and 45 % to 68 % by volume
saturates.
1.5.3 Non-oxygenated automotive spark-ignition engine fu-
els (gasolines) outside the inclusive valid test result reporting
concentration ranges of Table 4 may use the precision in Table
3 and its applicable concentration ranges.
1.6 The oxygenated blending components, methanol,
ethanol, methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE), tert-amylmethylether
(TAME), and ethyl-tert-butylether (ETBE), do not interfere
with the determination of hydrocarbon types at concentrations
normally found in commercial blends. These oxygenated
components are not detected since they elute with the alcohol
desorbent. Other oxygenated compounds shall be individually
verified. When samples containing oxygenated blending com-
ponents are analyzed, correct the results to a total-sample basis.
1.7 This test method includes a relative bias section based
on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method
D1319 and Test Method D5769 for total aromatics in spark-
ignition engine fuels as a possible Test Method D1319 alter-
native to Test Method D5769 for U.S. EPA spark-ignition
engine fuel regulations reporting. The Practice D6708 derived
correlation equation is only applicable for fuels in the total
aromatic concentration range from 3.3 % to 34.4 % by volume
as measured by Test Method D1319 and the distillation
temperature T95, at which 95 % of the sample has evaporated,
ranges from 149.1 °C to 196.6 °C (300.3 °F to 385.8 °F) when
tested according to Test Method D86.
1.7.1 The applicable Test Method D5769 range for total
aromatics is 3.7 % to 29.4 % by volume as reported by Test
Method D5769 and the distillation temperature T95 values, at
which 95 % of the sample has evaporated, when tested
according to Test Method D86 is from 149.1 °C to 196.6 °C
(300.3 °F to 385.8 °F).
1.7.2 Regulations may change over time and the user is
advised to verify current regulatory requirements.
1.8 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 D1319 − 20a
serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been dem-
onstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.
Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing
products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
for additional information. The potential exists that selling
mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited
by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales
in their location.
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For specific warning statements, see Section 7, 8.1, and 10.5.
1.11 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
D2710 Test Method for Bromine Index of Petroleum Hydro-
carbons by Electrometric Titration
D3663 Test Method for Surface Area of Catalysts and
Catalyst Carriers
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,
TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1 to C4 Alco-
hols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
D5599 Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in
Gasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen Selective
Flame Ionization Detection
D5769 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene,
and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasolines by Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products,
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement
of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
Sieves
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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2.2 Other Standards:
BS 410–1:2000 Test sieves. Technical requirements and
testing. Test sieves of metal wire cloth3
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 aromatics, n—the volume percent of monocyclic and
polycyclic aromatics, plus aromatic olefins, some dienes,
compounds containing sulfur and nitrogen, or higher boiling
oxygenated compounds (excluding those listed in 1.6).
3.1.2 gasoline, n—a volatile mixture of liquid
hydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts of
additives, suitable for use as a fuel in spark-ignition, internal
combustion engines.
3.1.3 olefins, n—the volume percent of alkenes, plus
cycloalkenes, and some dienes.
3.1.4 saturates, n—the volume percent of alkanes, plus
cycloalkanes.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Approximately 0.75 mL of sample is introduced into a
special glass adsorption column packed with activated silica
gel. A small layer of the silica gel contains a mixture of
fluorescent dyes. When all the sample has been adsorbed on the
gel, alcohol is added to desorb the sample down the column.
The hydrocarbons are separated in accordance with their
adsorption affinities into aromatics, olefins, and saturates. The
fluorescent dyes are also separated selectively, with the hydro-
carbon types, and make the boundaries of the aromatic, olefin,
and saturate zones visible under ultraviolet light. The volume
percentage of each hydrocarbon type is calculated from the
length of each zone in the column.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The determination of the total volume percent of
saturates, olefins, and aromatics in petroleum fractions is
important in characterizing the quality of petroleum fractions
as gasoline blending components and as feeds to catalytic
reforming processes. This information is also important in
characterizing petroleum fractions and products from catalytic
reforming and from thermal and catalytic cracking as blending
components for motor and aviation fuels. This information is
also important as a measure of the quality of fuels, such as
specified in Specification D1655.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Adsorption Columns, with precision bore (“true bore” IP
designation) tubing, as shown on the right in Fig. 1, made of
glass and consisting of a charger section with a capillary neck,
a separator section, and an analyzer section; or with standard
wall tubing, as shown on the left in Fig. 1. Refer to Table 1 for
column tolerance limits.
6.1.1 The inner diameter of the analyzer section for the
precision bore tubing shall be 1.60 mm to 1.65 mm. In addition
3
Available from British Standards Institution (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,
London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsigroup.com.
 D1319 − 20a

FIG. 1 Adsorption Columns with Standard Wall (left) and Precision Bore (right) Tubing in Analyzer Section

the length of an approximately 100 mm thread of mercury shall
not vary by more than 0.3 mm in any part of the analyzer
section. In glass-sealing the various sections to each other,
long-taper connections shall be made instead of shouldered
connections. Support the silica gel with a small piece of glass
wool located between the ball and socket of the 12/2 spherical
joint and covering the analyzer outlet. The column tip attached
to the 12/2 socket shall have a 2 mm internal diameter. Clamp
the ball and socket together and ensure that the tip does not
tend to slide from a position in a direct line with the analyzer
section during the packing and subsequent use of the column.
Commercial compression-type connectors may be used to
couple the bottom of the separator section (which has been cut
square), to the disposable 3 mm analyzer section, provided that
the internal geometry is essentially similar to the aforemen-
tioned procedure and provides for a smooth physical transition
from the inner diameters of the two glass column sections.
Similar commercial compression-type connectors may be em-
ployed at the terminal end of the 3 mm analyzer section, having
an integral porous support to retain the silica gel.
6.1.2 For convenience, adsorption columns with standard
wall tubing, as shown on the left in Fig. 1, can be used. When
using standard wall tubing for the analyzer section, it is
necessary to select tubing of uniform bore and to provide a
leakproof connection between the separator and the analyzer
sections. Calibrations of standard wall tubing would be im-
practical; however, any variations of 0.5 mm or greater, as
measured by ordinary calipers, in the outside diameter along

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 D1319 − 20a
TABLE 1 Tolerance Limits to Column Dimensions 5 mm length of vinyl tubing has been found to be suitable. To
Standard Column Dimensions ensure a leakproof glass-to-vinyl seal with the analyzer section,
Charger Section it is necessary to heat the upper end of the analyzer section
Inside diameter = 12 mm ± 2 mm
Pack gel to this level = approximately 75 mm until it is just hot enough to melt the vinyl, then insert the upper
Overall length = 150 mm ± 5 mm end of the analyzer section into the vinyl sleeve. Alternatively,
Neck Section this seal can be made by securing the vinyl sleeve to the
Inside diameter = 2 mm ± 0.5 mm
Overall length = 50 mm ± 5 mm analyzer section by wrapping it tightly with soft wire. Com-
Separator Section mercial compression-type connectors may be used to couple
Inside diameter = 5 mm ± 0.5 mm the bottom of the separator section (which has been cut
Overall length = 190 mm ± 5 mm
Long taper section below separator square), to the 3 mm analyzer section, provided that the
Tip outside diameter = 3.5 mm ± 0.5 mm internal geometry is essentially similar to the aforementioned
Tip inside diameter = 2 mm ± 0.5 mm procedure and provides for a smooth physical transition from
Overall length = 25 mm ± 2 mm
Analyzer Section the inner diameters of the two glass column sections. Similar
Inside diameter = 1.5 mm ± 0.5 mm commercial compression-type connectors may be employed at
Standard wall tubing
Overall length = 1200 mm ± 30 mm
the terminal end of the 3 mm analyzer section having an
Precision Bore Column Dimensions integral porous support to retain the silica gel.
Charger section 6.1.3 An alternative pressuring gas connection is shown in
Inside diameter = 12 mm ± 2 mm
Pack gel to this level = approximately 75 mm
Fig. 2. Otherwise, all adsorption column dimensions and
Overall length = 150 mm ± 5 mm requirements are unchanged.
Neck Section
Inside diameter = 2 mm ± 0.5 mm 6.2 Zone-Measuring Device—The zones may be marked
Overall length = 50 mm ± 5 mm with a glass-writing pencil and the distances measured with a
Separator Section meter rule, with the analyzer section lying horizontally.
Inside diameter = 5 mm ± 0.5 mm
Overall length = 190 mm ± 5 mm Alternatively, the meter rule may be fastened adjacent to the
Analyzer Section column. In this case, it is convenient to have each rule fitted
Inside diameter = 1.60 mm -1.65 mm
with four movable metal index clips (Fig. 1) for marking zone
Overall length = 1200 mm ± 30 mm
Tip boundaries and measuring the length of each zone.
Overall length = 30 mm ± 5 mm
6.3 Ultraviolet Light Source, with radiation predominantly
at 365 nm is required. A convenient arrangement consists of
one or two 915 mm or 1220 mm units mounted vertically along
the tube can be taken as an indication of irregularities in the the apparatus. Adjust to give the best fluorescence.
inner diameter and such tubing should not be used. Prepare the
glassware to retain the gel. One way to accomplish this is to 6.4 Electric Vibrator, for vibrating individual columns or the
draw out one end of the tubing selected for the analyzer section frame supporting multiple columns.
to a fine capillary. Connect the other end of the analyzer section 6.5 Hypodermic Syringe, 1 mL, graduated to 0.01 mL or
to the separator section with a suitable length of vinyl tubing, 0.02 mL, with needle 102 mm in length. Needles of No. 18
making certain that the two glass sections touch. A 30 mm 6 gauge, 20 gauge, or 22 gauge are satisfactory.

FIG. 2 Adsorption Column with Typical Threaded Joint Pressur-

ing Gas Connection

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 D1319 − 20a
6.6 Regulator(s), capable of adjusting and maintaining the
pressure within the 0 kPa to 103 kPa delivery range.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Silica Gel,4 manufactured to conform to the specifica-
tions shown in Table 2. To be suitable for use, dry the gel in a
shallow vessel at 175 °C for 3 h. Transfer the dried gel to an air
tight container while still hot, and protect it thereafter from
atmospheric moisture.
NOTE 2—Some batches of silica gel that otherwise meet specifications
have been found to produce olefin boundary fading. The exact reason for
this phenomenon is unknown but will affect accuracy and precision.
TABLE 2 Silica Gel Specifications
Surface area,A m2/g 430 to 530
pH of 5 % water slurryB 5.5 to 7.0
Loss on ignition at 955 °C, mass percent 4.5 to 10.0
Iron content as Fe2O3, dry basis, mass-ppm 50 max
Particle Size
Sieve NumberC µm Mass Percent
on 60 250 0.0 max
on 80 180 1.2 max
on 100 150 5.0 max
through 200 75 15.0 max
A
Silica gel surface area determined by Test Method D3663.
B
The pH of the silica gel is determined as follows: Calibrate a pH meter with
standard pH 4 and pH 7 buffer solutions. Place 5 g of the gel sample in a 250 mL
beaker. Add 100 mL of D.I. water and a stirring bar. Stir the slurry on a magnetic
stirrer for 20 min and then determine the pH with the calibrated meter.
C
Detailed requirements for these sieves are given in Specification E11 and BS
410–1:2000.
7.2 Fluorescent Indicator Dyed Gel—A standard dyed gel,
4,5
consisting of a mixture of recrystallized Petrol Red AB4 and
purified portions of the olefin and aromatic dyes obtained by
chromatographic adsorption, following a definite, uniform
procedure, and deposited on silica gel. The dyed gel shall be
stored in a dark place under an atmosphere of nitrogen. When
stored under these conditions, the dyed gel can have a shelf life
of at least five years. It is recommended that portions of the
dyed gel be transferred as required to a smaller working vial
from which the dyed gel is routinely taken for analyses.
7.2.1 Early in 2018, a key component of the Fluorescent
Indicator Dyed Gel became unavailable. An alternative dye
was substituted, but the reformulated dyed gel was later found
to be unsuitable for the analysis of aviation turbine fuel, diesel
fuel, and gasoline samples (spark-ignition engine fuels). Al-
though UOP LLC, the listed sole source supply of the dyed gel,
suspended manufacture and sale of the Fluorescent Indicator
Dyed Gel upon learning of this issue, six lots of the reformu-
lated dyed gel had already been distributed and two lots were
not made commercially available. In analyzing any sample
type by Test Method D1319, users shall not report results
obtained using any of the following lot numbers of Fluorescent
Indicator Dyed Gel: 3000000975, 3000000976, 3000000977,
3000000978, 3000000979, 3000000980, 3000000981, and
4
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-
ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.
5
The sole source of supply of the standard dyed gel known to the committee at
this time is produced by UOP LLC, and distributed by Advanced Specialty Gas
Equipment Inc, 241 Lackland Drive, Middlesex, New Jersey 08846. Request “FIA
Standard Dyed Gel,” UOP LLC Product No. 80675.
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3000000982.
Current production of batches of the dyed gel will have lot
numbers starting with 3000000983.
7.2.1.1 In 2019, UOP LLC obtained a new supplier for the
missing component of the Fluorescent Indicator Dyed Gel and
produced a prototype version (Lot # 3000000983) of the dyed
gel for evaluation. A performance evaluation (see Appendix
X1) to compare multiple batches of original (legacy) dyed gel
to the prototype was conducted and the data indicates that all
the dyed gels demonstrated similar reproducibility. Biases in
the order of magnitude of repeatability were determined with
aromatics in spark-ignition engine fuels (gasoline) and with
aromatics and olefins in aviation turbine fuel. The calculation
and reporting sections of the method do not require a bias
correction. Where appropriate, consult specification and regu-
latory organizations on the use of this method.
7.3 Isoamyl Alcohol, (3-methyl-1-butanol) 99 %.
(Warning—Flammable. Health hazard.)
7.4 Isopropyl Alcohol, (2-propanol) minimum 99 % purity.
(Warning—Flammable. Health hazard.)
7.5 Pressuring Gas—Air (or nitrogen) delivered to the top
of the column at pressures controllable over the range from
0 kPa to 103 kPa gauge. (Warning—Compressed gas under
high pressure.)
7.6 Acetone, reagent grade, residue free. (Warning—
Flammable. Health hazard.)
7.7 Buffer Solutions, pH 4 and 7.
8. Sampling
8.1 Obtain a representative sample in accordance with
sampling procedures in Practice D4057. For samples that
would meet volatility conditions of Group 2 or less of Test
Method D86, ensure that the sample is maintained at a
temperature of ≤4 °C when opening or transferring the sample.
(Warning—Flammable. Health hazard.)
9. Preparation of Apparatus
9.1 Mount the apparatus assembly in a darkened room or
area to facilitate observation of zone boundaries. For multiple
determinations, assemble an apparatus that includes the ultra-
violet light source, a rack to hold the columns, and a gas
manifold system providing a connection to the desired number
of columns.
10. Procedure
10.1 Ensure that the silica gel is tightly packed in the
column and charger section (up to the appropriate level), which
includes the appropriate amount of dyed gel (3 mm to 5 mm)
added to an approximately half-full separator section, prior to
the start of the sample analysis. See Note 3 for specific
guidance.
NOTE 3—One way to prepare the column for analysis is to freely
suspend the column from a loose-fitting clamp placed immediately below
the pressuring gas connection of the charger section. While vibrating the
column along its entire length, add small increments of silica gel through
a glass funnel into the charger section until the separator section is half
full. Stop the vibrator and add a 3 mm to 5 mm layer of dyed gel. Start the
 D1319 − 20a
vibrator and vibrate the column while adding additional silica gel.
Continue to add silica gel until the tightly packed gel extends approxi-
mately 75 mm into the charger section. Wipe the length of the column
with a damp cloth while vibrating the column. This aids in packing the
column by removing static electricity. Vibrate the column after filling is
completed for at least 4 min. More than one column can be prepared
simultaneously by mounting several on a frame or rack to which an
electric vibrator is attached.
10.2 Attach the filled column to the apparatus assembly in
the darkened room or area, and when a permanently mounted
meter rule is used, fasten the lower end of the column to the
fixed rule.
10.3 For samples that would meet volatility conditions of
Group 2 or less of Test Method D86, chill the sample and a
hypodermic syringe to less than 4 °C. Draw 0.75 mL 6
0.03 mL of sample into the syringe and inject the sample
approximately 30 mm below the surface of the gel in the
charger section.
10.4 Fill the charger section to the spherical joint with
isopropyl alcohol. Connect the column to the gas manifold and
apply 14 kPa 6 2 kPa gas pressure for 2.5 min 6 0.5 min to FIG. 3 Pictorial Aid for Identification of Chromatographic Bound-
move the liquid front down the column. Increase the pressure aries
to 34 kPa 6 2 kPa gauge for another 2.5 min 6 0.5 min and
then adjust the pressure required to give a transit time of about
1 h. Usually a gas pressure of 28 kPa to 69 kPa gauge is needed
for gasoline-type samples and 69 kPa to 103 kPa gauge for jet
fuels. The pressure required will depend on the tightness of
packing of the gel and the molecular weight of the sample. A
transit time of 1 h is optimum; however, high-molecular weight
samples may require longer transit times.
10.5 After the red, alcohol-aromatic boundary has advanced
approximately 350 mm into the analyzer section, make a set of
readings by quickly marking the boundary of each hydrocarbon
zone observed in ultraviolet light in the following sequence.
(Warning—Direct exposure to ultraviolet light can be
harmful, and operators should avoid this as much as possible,
particularly with regard to their eyes.) For the noninfluorescent
saturate zone, mark the front of the charge and the point where
the yellow fluorescence first reaches its maximum intensity; for
the upper end of the second, or olefin zone, mark the point
where the first intense blue fluorescence occurs; finally, for the
upper end of the third, or aromatic zone, mark the upper end of
the first reddish or brown zone. Refer to Fig. 3 as an aid in
identifying the boundaries. With colorless distillates, the
alcohol-aromatic boundary is clearly defined by a red ring of
FIG. 4 Pictorial Aid for Identification of Chromatographic Bound-
dye. However, impurities in cracked fuels often obscure this aries of Oxygenate Blended Fuel Samples
red ring and give a brown coloration, which varies in length,
but which shall be counted as a part of the aromatic zone,
except that when no blue fluorescence is present, the brown or
reddish ring shall be considered as part of the next distinguish- 10.6 When the sample has advanced at least another 50 mm
able zone below it in the column. With some oxygenate down the column, make a second set of readings by marking
blended fuel samples, another red band may appear several the zones in the reverse order as described in 10.5 so as to
centimetres above the reddish or brown alcohol-aromatic minimize errors due to the advancement of boundary positions
boundary (see Fig. 4) and shall be ignored. Avoid touching the during readings. If the marking has been made with a glass-
column with the hands while marking the zones. If the writing pencil, two colors can be used to mark off each set of
boundaries have been marked off with index clips, record the measurements and the distances measured at the end of the test
measurements. with the analyzer section lying horizontally on the bench top.
NOTE 4—The first maximum intense yellow fluorescence is defined to If the boundaries have been marked off with index clips, record
be the center of the lowest intense yellow fluorescent band. the measurements.

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 D1319 − 20a
10.7 Erroneous results can be caused by improper packing 12. Report
of the gel or incomplete elution of hydrocarbons by the 12.1 For samples that are composed exclusively of hydro-
alcohol. With precision bore columns, incomplete elution can carbons (that is, oxygenate-free samples) report the averaged
be detected from the total length of the several zones, which value for each hydrocarbon type to the nearest 0.1 % by
must be at least 500 mm for a satisfactory analysis. With volume as calculated in Eq 1-3.
standard wall tubing, this criterion of total sample length is not
12.2 For samples that contain oxygenated blending
strictly applicable because the inside diameter of the analyzer
components, report the averaged value for each hydrocarbon
section is not the same in all columns.
type corrected to a total sample basis (C') to the nearest 0.1 %
NOTE 5—For samples containing substantial amounts of material by volume as determined in Eq 4. Since the total volume
boiling above 204 °C, the use of isoamyl alcohol instead of isopropyl percent oxygenates in the sample is neither measured nor
alcohol may improve elution. calculated by Test Method D1319, but rather determined by
10.8 Release the gas pressure and disconnect the column. To Test Method D4815 and D5599 or equivalent (see variable B in
remove used gel from the precision bore column, invert it Eq 4), it is not necessary to report the total volume percent
above a sink and insert through the wide end a long piece of oxygenates concentration by Test Method D1319.
No. 19 gauge hypodermic tubing with a 45° angle tip. By 13. Precision and Bias6
means of 6 mm outside diameter copper tubing at the opposite
13.1 The following criteria are to be used for judging the
end for attaching a rubber tube, connect to a water tap and flush
acceptability of results (95 % probability):
with a rapid stream of water. Rinse with residue-free acetone
and dry by evacuation. 6
Supporting data regarding the precision obtained from a round robin test for
oxygenate and non-oxygenated containing automotive spark-ignition engine fuels
11. Calculation samples in Table 4 have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be
obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1361. Contact ASTM Customer
11.1 For each set of observations calculate the hydrocarbon Service at service@astm.org.
types to the nearest 0.1 % by volume as follows:
TABLE 3 Reproducibility and Repeatability–Oxygenate Free
Aromatics, percent volume 5 ~ L a /L ! 3 100 (1)
Samples
Olefins, percent volume 5 ~ L o /L ! 3 100 (2) Volume Percent
Saturates, percent volume 5 ~ L s /L ! 3 100 (3) Level Repeatability Reproducibility
Aromatics 5 0.7 1.5
where: 15 1.2 2.5
La = length of the aromatic zone, mm, 25 1.4 3.0
35 1.5 3.3
Lo = length of the olefin zone, mm, 45 1.6 3.5
Ls = length of the saturate zone, mm, and 50 1.6 3.5
L = sum of La + Lo + Ls. 55 1.6 3.5
65 1.5 3.3
Average the respective calculated values for each type and 75 1.4 3.0
85 1.2 2.5
report as directed in 12.1. If necessary, adjust the result for the 95 0.7 1.5
largest component so that the sum of the components is 100 %. 99 0.3 0.7

11.2 Eq 1, Eq 2, and Eq 3 calculate concentrations on an Olefins 1 0.4 1.7

oxygenate-free basis and are correct only for samples that are 3 0.7 2.9
5 0.9 3.7
composed exclusively of hydrocarbons. For samples that 10 1.2 5.1
contain oxygenated blending components (see 1.6), the above 15 1.5 6.1
results can be corrected to a total sample basis as follows: 20 1.6 6.8
25 1.8 7.4
100 2 B 30 1.9 7.8
C' 5 C 3 (4) 35 2.0 8.2
100
40 2.0 8.4
45 2.0 8.5
where: 50 2.1 8.6
C' = concentration of hydrocarbon type (percent volume) on 55 2.0 8.5
a total sample basis, Saturates 1 0.3 1.1
C = concentration of hydrocarbon type (percent volume) on 5 0.8 2.4
an oxygenate-free basis, and 15 1.2 4.0
B = concentration of total oxygenate blending components 25 1.5 4.8
35 1.7 5.3
(percent volume) in sample as determined by Test 45 1.7 5.6
Methods D4815 or D5599, or equivalent. 50 1.7 5.6
55 1.7 5.6
Average the respective calculated values for each type (C') 65 1.7 5.3
and report as directed in 12.2. If necessary, adjust the result for 75 1.5 4.8
85 1.2 4.0
the largest C' component so that the sum of the three C' 95 0.3 2.4
components plus B is 100 %.

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 D1319 − 20a
13.1.1 Repeatability—The difference between successive 13.1.4 Table 4 shall be used for judging the repeatability and
test results, obtained by the same operator with the same reproducibility of oxygenate and non-oxygenate containing
apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical test automotive spark-ignition engine fuels (gasolines) over the
material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct specified concentration ranges. Non-oxygenated automotive
operation of the test method, exceed the values in Table 3 or spark-ignition fuels outside the valid test result for reporting
Table 4 only in one case in twenty. concentration range indicated in Table 4 may use the precision
in Table 3 within its applicable concentration ranges.
TABLE 4 Reproducibility and Repeatability for Oxygenated and 13.2 Bias—Bias cannot be determined because there are no
Non-Oxygenated Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels6 acceptable reference materials suitable for determining the bias
Inclusive Valid Test for the procedure in this test method.
Result Range in Repeatability,
Reproducibility
Volume Percent Volume Percent NOTE 6—The precision specified in Table 4 was determined with
(see Table 5) automotive spark ignition engine fuels that contained oxygenated blending
Aromatics 9.3 to 43.7 1.3 3.7 components as well as fuels that did not contain oxygenated components.6
OlefinsA,B 2.1 to 39.7 0.26X0.6 0.82X0.6 Test Methods D4815 and D5599 were both used to determine oxygenates
Saturates 40.8 to 72.2 1.5 4.2 in the interlaboratory study for precision listed in Table 4. EPA has
A
X = the average of two results in volume percent of the hydrocarbon type; each replaced its GC/OFID procedure with Test Method D5599.
result is to be within the ranges in Table 5. 13.3 Relative Bias—A relative bias assessment of Test
B
Several examples calculated for volume percent of olefins from exponential
equations listed in Table 4: Method D1319 versus Test Method D5769 for the determina-
tion of total aromatics in spark-ignition engine fuel was
Level Repeatability Reproducibility conducted using data from the ASTM D02 Interlaboratory
4.0 0.6 1.9 Crosscheck Program. The assessment was performed in accor-
10.0 1.0 3.3
20.0 1.6 4.9
dance with the requirements of Practice D6708 with a
30.0 2.0 6.3 successful outcome. It was based on measurements of total
33.0 2.1 6.6 aromatics in spark-ignition engine fuels supplied to the ASTM
Proficiency Test Program by participating laboratories between
February 2007 and October 2014 and is documented in
13.1.2 Reproducibility—The difference between two single Research Report RR:D02-1813.7
and independent results, obtained by different operators work-
NOTE 7—In the United States, the EPA requires the measurement of
ing in different laboratories on identical test material would, in total aromatics in spark-ignition engine fuels by Test Method D5769.
the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test Effective Jan. 1, 2016, there is an allowance in the regulation to use other
method, exceed the values in Table 3 or Table 4 only in one test methods if they are formally correlated with the specified test method
case in twenty. by a consensus organization, for example, ASTM. This relative bias
statement is intended to satisfy the requirement and allow use of Test
13.1.3 Table 3 shall be used for judging repeatability and Method D1319 bias-corrected results in the stated concentration ranges in
reproducibility of fuel samples that do not contain oxygenated place of Test Method D5769 for total aromatics content.
blending components and with a final boiling point of <315 °C.
13.3.1 The degree of agreement between results from Test
It is applicable over the specified test method working and
Method D1319 and Test Method D5769 can be further im-
corresponding valid test result concentration ranges. Table 3
proved by applying correlation equation (Eq 5 or Eq 6)
should not be used for spark-ignition engine fuels (gasolines)
unless the fuel is outside of the specified valid test result for 7
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
reporting concentration ranges of Table 4 and does not contain be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1813. Contact ASTM Customer
oxygenates. Service at service@astm.org.

TABLE 5 Valid Test Result Ranges for Hydrocarbon Types

NOTE 1—Due to testing variation, results within the following ranges inclusively are considered valid for reporting and for applying the precision
functions per Practice D6300.
D1319 Table A Valid Test
Hydrocarbon type volume percent Lowest meanA Highest meanA R_lowest R_highest
Result RangeB
Total aromatics Table 4 valid test result 13 40 3.7 3.7 9.3 to 43.7
reporting range

Total olefins Table 4 valid test result 4 33 1.9 6.7 2.1 to 39.7
reporting range

Total saturates Table 4 valid test result 45 68 4.2 4.2 40.8 to 72.2
reporting range
A
Method working range:
• high expected concentration limit – estimated using highest ILS sample mean
• low expected concentration limit – estimated using lowest ILS sample mean
B
Valid test result range: due to testing variation, results within this range inclusively are considered valid for reporting and for applying the precision (R and r) functions:
• high limit: highest ILS sample mean + Rhighest ILS sample mean (per D6300)
• low limit: lowest ILS sample mean – Rlowest ILS sample mean (per D6300)

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(Research Report RR:D02-1813),7 and this correlation equa-
tion shall be utilized when reporting compliance with EPA
fuels program. Sample-specific bias, as defined in Practice
D6708, was observed for some samples after applying the
bias-correction for the material types and property range listed
below.
13.3.2 Correlation Equation:
Predicted Test Method D5769 =
bias-corrected Test Method D1319 =
0.969 3 C D1319 2 @ 0.0986 3 ~ T 95 2 171.4! #
for T95 expressed in degrees Celsius, or
Predicted Test Method D5769 =
bias-corrected Test Method D1319 =
0.969 3 C D1319 2 @ 0.0548 3 ~ T 95 2 340.6! #
for T95 expressed in degrees Fahrenheit.
where:
CD1319 = volume percent as reported by Test Method D1319,
and
T95 = distillation temperature at which 95 % of the
sample has evaporated when tested in accordance
with Test Method D86.
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION OF THE PROTOTYPE DYED GEL
X1.1 Background—In 2019, UOP LLC obtained a new
supplier for the missing component of the Fluorescent Indica-
tor Dyed Gel and produced a prototype version (Lot #
3000000983) of the dyed gel for evaluation. In 2019, a
performance evaluation was conducted to compare multiple
batches of the original (legacy) dyed gel to the prototype. The
results and observations are documented below.8
X1.2 Protocol—The study was to evaluate the dyed gels
from an objective (results) and subjective (efficacy of fluores-
cence for olefins and aromatics compounds) point of view. The
study included ten laboratories analyzing twelve gasoline
(spark-ignition engine fuel), twelve aviation turbine fuels, and
three diesel fuel samples. The three diesel fuels were not
included in the statistical evaluation due to insufficient data.
The final data was evaluated statistically using Practice D6708.
X1.2.1 Objective Evaluation—Laboratories performed the
analysis of samples side-by-side to capture any notable differ-
ences in the analytical length, or time between the prototype
dyed gel and their original (legacy) dyed gel. Analysis was
performed according to Test Method D1319 without deviation.
Results were reported as volume percent saturates, aromatics,
and olefins.
8
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-2005. Contact ASTM Customer
Service at service@astm.org.
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D1319 − 20a
13.3.2.1 The correlation equation is only applicable for
fuels in the stated concentration range from 3.3 % to 34.4 % by
volume as reported by Test Method D1319 and T95 from
149.1 °C to 196.6 °C (300.3 °F to 385.8 °F) as reported by Test
Method D86.
13.3.2.2 The correlation equation is applicable for fuels that
when determined by Test Method D5769 are in the concentra-
tion range of 3.7 % to 29.4 % by volume and T95 from
149.1 °C to 196.6 °C (300.3 °F to 385.8 °F) as reported by Test
(5) Method D86.
NOTE 8—The Test Method D5769 concentration range used to develop
the Practice D6708 assessment may not cover the entire scope indicated in
the scope of Test Method D5769 for total aromatics
(6) NOTE 9—The correlation equation was developed from a variety of fuel
samples from the ASTM Interlaboratory Crosscheck programs; however,
it is recommended that the correlation equation be verified for samples of
interest to ensure applicability.
14. Keywords
14.1 aromatics; fluorescent indicator adsorption (FIA); hy-
drocarbon types; olefins; saturates
APPENDIX
X1.2.2 Subjective Evaluation—Laboratories provided an as-
sessment of the prototype dyed gel compared to their original
(legacy) dyed gel in terms of color and how distinct the
boundaries are from one zone to another.
X1.3 Discussion of Results—The samples were analyzed
side-by-side in order to compare the color and distinctiveness
of regions produced by the two dyed gels (original v. proto-
type). The olefins zone color for aviation turbine fuels was
found to be fainter with the prototype dyed gel, resulting in a
slightly lower, but statistically significant, olefin result on
average, and a slightly higher average aromatic result. No
biases were observed for saturates in aviation turbine fuel or
for saturates and olefins in the gasoline (spark-ignition engine
fuel) samples. A slight bias was observed for the aromatics in
spark-ignition engine fuels. The bias is within the repeatability
stated in Table 3 and Table 4. Reproducibility (R) also was
compared between the dyed gels and found to be similar for all
fuel types and component combinations with the exception of
the very low olefin contents in aviation turbine fuels, which
was statistically significantly more variable with the original
(legacy) dye. Table X1.1 summarizes the statistical outcome of
the study using Practice D6708 techniques.
X1.3.1 It is understood that formal precision and bias
cannot be determined due to the design of the study as
side-by-side analysis of the samples was necessary for a
subjective evaluation of the prototype dyed gel. There are plans
9
 D1319 − 20a
TABLE X1.1 Summary of Precision Analyses
Hydrocarbon Type Fuel Concentration Range Dye Bias Assessment (D6708) Outcomes
Saturates Gasoline 47.7 % – 84.3 % Legacy No bias correction, no sample-specific biases
Saturates Gasoline 47.6 % – 84.2 % Proto
Saturates Jet 77.1 % – 84.1 % Legacy No bias correction, no sample-specific biases
Saturates Jet 76.9 % – 84.3 % Proto
Olefins Gasoline 1.1 % – 36.7 % Legacy No bias correction, no sample-specific biases
Olefins Gasoline 1.1 % – 36.3 % Proto
Olefins Jet 0.7 % – 1.0 % Legacy Fail—inadequate variation among samples,
Olefins Jet 1.1 % – 1.6 % Proto but abbreviated analysis indicates L = P + 0.4
Aromatics Gasoline 12.0 % – 46.5 % Legacy L = 1.02 P – 0.74, no sample-specific biases
Aromatics Gasoline 12.4 % – 46.7 % Proto
Aromatics Jet 14.6 % – 21.4 % Legacy L = P – 0.3, no sample-specific biases
Aromatics Jet 14.8 % – 22.3 % Proto

to conduct a formal ILS for updating the test method precision
for spark-ignition engine fuels and aviation turbine fuels using
a combination of the prototype dyed gel with current and future
batches of dyed gels once such batches are in commercial use.
There was a bias determined between the two dyes with certain
hydrocarbon types. Below are examples of hydrocarbon types
and the relative bias expected using Table X1.1. The degree of
bias observed is less than repeatability of each hydrocarbon
type.
X1.3.1.1 Example 1 with Spark Ignition Fuels (Gasoline)—
Aromatics with concentrations of the range 12.0 % to 46.7 %
by volume showed an absolute bias of 0.5 % by volume at the
lower range to 0.2 % by volume at the upper range, respec-
tively. This bias is less than the repeatability stated in Tables 3
and 4 of published Test Method D1319 (for example, r = 1 –
1.6 in Table 3 and r = 1.3 in Table 4 for spark ignition only).
X1.3.1.2 Example 2 with Aviation Turbine Fuels—Olefins
with concentrations of 0.7 % to 1.6 % showed a bias of 0.4 %.
This bias is equal or less than the repeatability stated in Table
3 (for example r = 0.4 at 1 % by volume).
X1.3.1.3 Example 2a with Aviation Fuels—Aromatics with
concentrations of 14.6 % to 22.3 % showed a bias of 0.3 %.
This bias is less than the repeatability stated in Table 3 (for
example, r = 1.2 to 1.4 approximately).
NOTE X1.1—Diesel fuels were not included in the bias assessment
because of limited number of samples in the study (three). In addition,
most diesel fuels are outside the current scope of Test Method D1319 with
a FBP limit of <315 °C (599 °F) and such inclusion in the method would
require additional studies.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Subcommittee D02.04 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D1319 – 20) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved August 1, 2020.)

(1) Revised subsection 7.2.1. (3) Deleted subsection 10.1.1.

(2) Added subsection 7.2.1.1. (4) Added Appendix X1.

Subcommittee D02.04 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D1319 – 19) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved July 15, 2020.)

(1) Revised subsections 1.1, 1.5, and 13.1.3. (5) Added Table 5.
(2) Added new subsections 1.3, 1.5.1, 1.5.2, 1.5.3, and 13.1.4. (6) Revised Footnote 7.
(3) Added definition for gasoline in subsection 3.1.2. (7) Revised Note 6.
(4) Revised Table 4.

Subcommittee D02.04 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D1319 – 18) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Aug. 1, 2019.)

(1) Added new subsections 7.2.1 and 10.1.1.

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 D1319 − 20a
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