Dynamic and stative verbs:

Verbos em inglês podem ser classificados em duas categorias: stative verbs and
dynamic verbs.

Dynamic verbs (às vezes chamados de action verbs) comumente descrevem ações que
fazemos ou coisas que acontecem.

Stative verbs costuma definir estado ou condição que não vai mudar ou que
provavelmente não vai se alterar.

A diferença é importante porque stative verbs normalmente não podem ser usados no
tempo continuous (be + ing).

Dynamic verbs:

Existem vários tipos de dynamic verbs, mas a maioria deles descreve atividades ou
eventos que começam e terminam. Exemplos:

Dynamic
Type Examples
Verb

She plays tennis every Friday.

play activity
She's playing tennis right now.

The snow melts every spring.

melt process
The snow is melting right now

Dynamic verbs, como você pod ever na tabela acima, podem ser usados em perfect
forms (plays, played, has played, had played), assim como nas formas continuous ou
progressive (is playing, was playing, has been playing, had been playing).

Stative verbs

Stative verbs comumente se referem a estados ou condições que são estáticas ou que
não mudam.

Stative Verb Examples

Hate I hate chocolate.
Believe She believes in UFOs.
Contain The box contains 24 cans of soda.
Own Alex owns three motorbikes.
Note que NÃO podemos usar esses verbos na forma contínua ou progressiva. Você
NÃO pode dizer “Alex is owning three cars.” Owning é um status, não uma ação, então
é sempre usado na simple form.

Examples:

Veja comuns stative and dynamic verbs..

love; hate; like; see; hear; sound; think (meaning "have an
Stative opinion"); mind (meaning "care
Verbs about"); recognize; seem; have (meaning
"own"); prefer; doubt; consist of; mean

Dynamic eat; drink; go; type; read; write; listen; speak; watch; say; grow; work
Verbs ; sleep; cook; talk

Exercise: Stative or dynamic?

1. Remember - stative

2. Want - stative

3. Understand - stative

4. Believe - stative

5. Seem - stative

6. read - dynamic

7. jump - dynamic

8. change - dynamic

9. paint - dynamic

Answers:

1) stative

2) stative
3) stative

4) stative

5) stative

6) dynamic

7) dynamic

8) dynamic

9) dynamic

Have and have got

Have maybe an auxiliary verb. Exemple: presente perfect. I have bought a bag.

When have is the main verb, it could means possession.

When the sentence is about possession, you may use has/have or has got/have got.

Questions:

I have a bag. -> Do you have a bag?

I have got a bag -> Have you got a bag?

Obligation: have to / had to

Permission: can/could

Can / Could is used to ask for permission. Can is the present and could is the past.
Could is more formal and polite than can. Here are some examples with could:

Could I have some more juice?

Could I bring a friend to the party?

Could I ask a question, please?

 Could we go home now?

Could I ask a question please?

Could we go home now?

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION

I/you/he/etc: I/you/he/etc: Could
I/you/he/etc:
could open the door couldn’t open the door. open the door?

Advice: must and should

You can use must and should to give advice. Must is stronger than should.

Must:

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION

I/you/he/etc: I/you/he/etc: Must
I/you/he/etc:
must work mustn’t work. work?

Should:

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION

I/you/he/etc: I/you/he/etc: Should
I/you/he/etc:
should work shouldn’t work. work?

Present perfect (simple)

O Present Perfect pode ser usado para indicar ações que começaram no passado e se
prolongam até o presente. Na língua portuguesa, não há nenhum tempo verbal
equivalente ao Present Perfect.
Pesent perfect progressive:

Present Perfect Simple: trata-se de uma ação que já foi concluída ou que é
permanente.

Exemplo: I have worked on a new project. (Eu tenho trabalhado em um novo projeto)

Present Perfect Progressive: trata-se de uma ação que não foi concluída, ou seja, que
ainda está acontecendo. Ele é formado pelo verbo to have (have / has) conjugado no
simple present (presente simples) + o verbo to be conjugado no present perfect
(presente perfeito) + o gerúndio (-ing) do verbo principal.

Exemplo: I have been working on a new project. (Eu tenho estado a trabalhar em um
novo projeto.)