VAT I S U P DAT E

Waste Mana g ement

Vol. 5 No. 100 z Sep - Oct 2010
ISSN 0971-5665

Highlights
Pyrolysis of waste plastic and tyres z
Environment-friendly refrigerator recycling z
Biochemical process halves water purification cost z
Pickle spoilage bacteria may help environment z
Enhanced anaerobic bioremediation z
Portable dust and fume collector z

A P C T T VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management

Partner for the Future.
Worldwide.
ASIAN AND PACIFIC CENTRE FOR TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY „ Sep-Oct 2010 1
 The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology (APCTT), a subsidiary
body of ESCAP, was established on 16 July 1977 with the objectives: to assist the
members and associate members of ESCAP through strengthening their capabilities to
develop and manage national innovation systems; develop, transfer, adapt and apply
technology; improve the terms of transfer of technology; and identify and promote the
development and transfer of technologies relevant to the region.

The Centre will achieve the above objectives by undertaking such functions as:

„ Research and analysis of trends, conditions and opportunities;

„ Advisory services;
„ Dissemination of information and good practices;
„ Networking and partnership with international organizations and key stakeholders; and
„ Training of national personnel, particularly national scientists and policy analysts.

The shaded areas of the map indicate ESCAP members and associate members

Cover Photo

Argonne National Laboratory’s mechanical separation

plant for separating polymers and metals from
shredder residue. (Credit: Argonne National
Laboratory, the United States)

2 VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management „ Sep-Oct 2010

 VATIS* Update
Waste Management
is published 6 times a year to keep the
readers up to date of most of the
CONTENTS
relevant and latest technological
developments and events in the field of
Vol. 5 No. 100 Sep - Oct 2010
waste management. The Update is
tailored to policy-makers, industries and
technology transfer intermediaries. IN THE NEWS 4
Website: http://www.techmonitor.net … ISO specifications for safer ship recycling … China pushes for recycling
of used appliances … India planning to ban import of e-waste
Editorial Board … Bangladesh bans coastline lease for ship-breaking yards … Growth
outlook for Malaysia’s medical waste management … Indonesia holds
Dr. Krishnamurthy Ramanathan, APCTT
Mr. Nanjundappa Srinivasan, APCTT
firms responsible for product life cycles … Alliance for e-waste recycling
Dr. Satyabrata Sahu, APCTT unit … China surpasses pollution reduction targets for 2010 … ‘Green gold’
Dr. Krishnan Srinivasaraghavan, APCTT from plastic junk
Dr. Jurgen Porst, HAWA Project,
German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) PLASTIC WASTES 7
Dr. D. B. Boralkar, Maharashtra Pollution
… GRP waste powers cement production … Recyclable alternative for
Control Board, India
composite car parts … Novel polyurethanes with recycled PET … Process
to combine different plastics … Pyrolysis of waste plastic and tyres
ASIAN AND PACIFIC CENTRE … Recycling of heterogenous plastics waste … Producing fuel from plastic
FOR TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY
waste
Adjoining Technology Bhawan
Qutab Institutional Area
Post Box No. 4575 ELECTRONIC WASTE 9
New Delhi 110 016, India
Tel: (91) (11) 2696 6509 … Recycling process for precious metals … New process for prospecting
Fax: (91) (11) 2685 6274 for gold from electronic waste … Environment-friendly refrigerator recycling
E-mail: postmaster@apctt.org process
Website: http://www.apctt.org
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER 10
GTZ - GERMAN TECHNICAL … Treatment systems for industrial effluent … Water filtration system for
COOPERATION
near-total removal of hydrocarbons … Biochemical process halves water
Advisory Services on Environmental
Management (ASEM) purification cost … Successful sludge-to-power research … Pickle
A-33, Gulmohar Park spoilage bacteria may help environment … Removal of selenium from
New Delhi 110 049, India wastewater … Integrated ozone-UV advanced oxidation system
Tel: (91) (11) 2661 1021/2652 8840 … Treatment system for fluctuating waste loads
Fax: (91) (11) 2653 7676
E-mail: info@asemindia.com
Website: http://www.asemindia.com
BIOREMEDIATION 13
… Soy microemulsion for groundwater remediation … A bacterial nemesis
The designation employed and for oil spills … Bioremediation of polluted raw water … New oil-degrading
the presentation of material in the microbe found … DNA microarray … Enhanced anaerobic
publication do not imply the bioremediation
endorsement of any product, process
or manufacturer by APCTT or GTZ.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL 15
… Plastic from industrial waste gas … Added NOx reduction … Decreasing
This publication is supported by
the German Agency for Technical odour, pollution levels … NOx removal system … New technology for NOx
Cooperation (GTZ), Germany. control … From diesel engines to power stations … Portable dust and
fume collector … SCR system for power generating equipment … Industrial
fume scrubbers … Nanometal catalyst lowers petrol exhaust system cost
This publication has been issued without
formal editing
RECENT PUBLICATIONS 18
* Value Added Technology TECH EVENTS 18
Information Service

VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management „ Sep-Oct 2010 3


ISO specifications for
safer ship recycling
The International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) has published
two new specifications on ship re-
cycling management that will help
increase workers’ safety and envi-
ronmental protection. Though ship
recycling contributes to sustain-
able development and is the most
environmentally friendly way of dis-
posing of ships, many reports have
targeted bad working practices and
negative environmental impacts.
The ISO documents that will con-
tribute to improved practices and
lower environmental impacts are
the publicly available specifications
(PAS) ISO/PAS 30006:2010, Ship
recycling management systems –
Diagrams to show the location of
hazardous materials on-board ships
and ISO/PAS 30007:2010, Ships
and marine technology – Measures
to prevent asbestos emission and
exposure during ship recycling. Both
PASs answer market expectations
related to environment, safety, health
and welfare matters in the ship re-
cycling industry.
Mr. Yoshida, Chairman of ISO/TC
8/SC2, Marine Environment Pro-
tection, points out that the PASs
will help ship recyclers to fulfil the
requirements of the Hong Kong In-
ternational Convention for the Safe
and Environmentally Sound Recy-
cling of Ships, 2009. Under the Hong
Kong Convention, ships to be sent
for recycling are required to carry
an inventory of hazardous materi-
als. ISO/PAS 30006:2010 specifies
the requirements for diagrams that
locate the hazardous materials on
board. ISO/PAS 30007:2010 pro-
vides effective ways to reducing both
the release of asbestos into the
environment and worker exposure
to asbestos.
Source: www.iso.org
4 VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management „ Sep-Oct 2010
IN THE NEWS
China pushes for
recycling of
used appliances
A new mandate concerning the dis-
posal of used home appliances and
electronic products will be effective
starting from 1 January 2011, indicat-
ing that environmental sustainabi-
lity remains a top priority in China.
TVs, refrigerators, air-conditioners,
washing machines and computers
are among the first batch of used
electronic products included in a
recycling catalogue drafted jointly
by the National Development and
Reform Commission (NDRC), the
Ministry of Environmental Protec-
tion and the Ministry of Industry and
Information Technology. The cata-
logue provides details for the im-
plementation of the Regulations on
the Administration of Recycling of
Abandoned Home Appliances and
Electronic Products of August 2008.
In the past, because of the lack of a
recycling infrastructure, household
appliances were purchased by scrap
traders, resulting in the waste of
resources such as iron, steel and
plastics, not to mention serious pol-
lution. Abandoned appliances will
be collected through various chan-
nels and treated together to fully
utilize the resources. Companies
involved in the recycling and dispo-
sal sectors will receive government
subsidies, according to an NDRC
official. Solutions to issues like re-
cycling charges and payment meth-
ods have still not been disclosed.
Source: english.cri.cn
India planning to
ban import of e-waste
The Government of India is consi-
dering a ban on the import of used
computers and other such electronic
waste primarily from developed na-
tions – such as Australia, Canada,
the United States and some parts of
Europe – following several cases of
e-waste smuggling being exposed.
The e-waste issue assumed signi-
ficance after some containers with
large quantities of such waste was
seized by the Directorate of Revenue
Intelligence (DRI). The imports were
made despite a prohibition order in
this regard. The seized containers
carried hundreds of tonnes of out-
dated computers and other e-waste
sourced from Australia, Canada, the
Republic of Korea and Brunei Dar-
ussalam in violation of norms. E-
waste from some other countries is
being dumped in India using loop-
holes in domestic rules that allow
non-government organizations and
educational institutions to import
such gadgets freely.
The government, through a public
notice on 13 May 2010, had prohi-
bited educational and other institu-
tions from importing used computer
equipment and peripherals: a step
just short of a complete ban on such
imports. Environmental agencies
worldwide estimate dumping of e-
waste in India is likely to go up by
500 per cent in the next 10 years.
They estimate that India generates
nearly 400,000 t/y of e-waste and
that this figure is likely to double
in the next few years. The country,
however, lacks effective disposal
mechanisms.
Source:
economictimes.indiatimes.com
Bangladesh bans
coastline lease for
ship-breaking yards
In Bangladesh, a High Court has
banned the lease of coastal land to
ship-breaking yards. The Court has
ruled that the government and local
authorities cannot issue leases on
beaches or coastal land for com-
mercial purposes. The Court also
revoked leases of five new yards

set up on forest department land in
2009. The government will now have
to designate specific areas of coast-
line for ship-breaking.
Dismantling old ships is a major in-
dustry in Bangladesh, yielding more
than two-thirds of domestic steel
and creating tens of thousands of
jobs. About one-third of the world’s
condemned ships are dismantled
at about 100 sprawling shipyards
along the south-eastern coastline
on beaches leased from local autho-
rities. The High Court verdict follows
a recent Supreme Court ruling that
said all ships scrapped in Bangla-
desh must be certified toxic-free by
the selling nation’s environmental
authorities. The government tried
to impose the standards in January
2010 but was forced to back down
after lengthy strikes by shipyards.
Iron prices shot up 20 per cent when
the breaking yards shut down.
Source: www.google.com
Growth outlook for
Malaysia’s medical
waste management
Medical waste management is a
healthy industry in Malaysia, with
an outlook for strong growth over
the coming years, a recent Frost
& Sullivan report has revealed. In
2009, the sector took some US$200
million in revenue, while managing,
processing and disposing of about
16,000 tonnes of discarded medical
devices, equipment and bio-waste.
Often perceived as a low-growth
industry, Malaysia’s medial waste
management sector is based on the
‘cradle-to-grave’ concept, where the
country’s three hospital waste con-
cessionaires are responsible for
every step in the life cycle of medical
waste, including the supply of con-
sumables. Onus for the initial seg-
regation and storage of the waste
is on the health-care providers.
Based on a recent survey, Frost &
Sullivan estimates that the total
quantity of hospital waste produced
in Malaysia could reach 33,000 t/
y by 2020. This is more than double
the current 16,000 t/y and consider-
ably more than the 18,000 t/y capa-
city of the current infrastructure for
incineration. Besides highlighting
the need for additional incinerator
capacity, the report suggests that
there is also scope to improve the
process of waste management from
hospital to incinerator. Innovative
products that decrease waste hand-
ling risk factors, waste compacting
technologies and automated waste
delivery systems are expected to
be widely adopted by Malaysian
hospitals.
Source: www.
waste-management-world.com
Indonesia holds
firms responsible for
product life cycles
Companies operating in Indonesia
will be held responsible for the life
cycle of their products as well as
its packaging. Following two years
of deliberation, the plan outlined in
a draft government regulation is in-
tended to control waste that either
cannot decompose or takes a long
time to deteriorate. The draft regu-
lation promotes “extended producer
responsibility” (EPR) that requires
producers to take back their waste
products for recycling. “The main
EPR targets are food and beverage
companies and producers of con-
sumer goods. Many of them still
make no effort to recollect the huge
amount of waste that they produce,”
says Mr. Ujang Solihin Sidik, acting
head of the Environment Ministry’s
waste management unit.
The EPR system is needed to deal
with the increasing amount of plas-
tic litter. Noodle companies produce
over 11 billion plastic pieces each
VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management „ Sep-Oct 2010
In the News
year, most of which go into either
landfills or rivers. Under EPR, com-
panies are required to make eco-
products from degradable materials.
The draft stipulates that producers
should manage their packaging and/
or products that do not decompose
by natural processes. It instructs
that company waste reduction ef-
forts should follow the EPR route,
and also makes it mandatory for
producers, companies, importers
and distributors to use easily de-
gradable raw materials and support
recycling methods that do not pose
threats to human health. Data from
the Central Statistic Agency shows
the country generated 51 million
tonnes of waste in 2008, close to
60 per cent of which was dumped
in landfills and the remaining was
burned in the open or dumped in
rivers. The draft requires producers
to put labels on products informing
consumers if the products used re-
cyclable materials. Under the draft,
the government will also promote
incentives such as tax and import
duty reductions for companies that
make efforts to reduce waste. The
Environment Ministry will publicly
announce the names of companies
that fail to abide by the regulation.
Source: www.thejakartapost.com
Alliance for e-waste
recycling unit
Cerebra Integrated Technologies, a
leading total IT Solutions provider
in India, has announced a strategic
alliance with Cimelia Resource Re-
covery Pte. Ltd., a subsidiary arm
of Enviro-Hub Holdings Ltd., Singa-
pore, to establish India’s largest e-
waste recycling unit. The strategic
alliance will enable Cerebra to ac-
quire global expertise and technol-
ogy support of Cimelia, a leader in
e-waste management solutions, to
set up the proposed unit on 10 acres
of land in Bangalore. Cimelia will be
5
In the News
setting up the plant and machinery,
and will jointly manage the propo-
sed unit together with Cerebra. The
alliance will help Cerebra double its
e-waste management capacity to
60,000 t/y. Through the new plant
and alliance, Cerebra will be better
equipped to recycle e-waste and will
get an entry in international market,
through Cimelia’s global clientele.
Cerebra will be investing US$11.25
million for the proposed unit. It aims
to achieve a turnover of US$57.55
million in FY 2013, with a profit of
25 per cent.
Source: www.financialexpress.com
China surpasses
pollution reduction
targets for 2010
China is beating its own targets for
reducing major air and water pollu-
tion for 2010, Environmental Protec-
tion Minister Mr. Zhou Shengxian
stated at an international forum on
environment and development. On
the strength of that success, China
will include two more pollutants into
its compulsory emission control
programme during the 12th Five-
Year Plan (2011-2015) period. Mr.
Zhou said that China had dramati-
cally raised its pollution prevention
capacity and was set to meet the
emission reductions of sulphur di-
oxide (SO2) and chemical oxygen
demand (COD) between 2005 and
2010. By the end of 2009, the SO2
emission levels had fallen 9.6 per
cent from 2005 levels, while COD
had fallen 13.1 per cent during the
same period. That put China on the
road to hit its goal of reducing both
by 10 per cent from 2005 levels by
the end of 2010.
New goals for nitrogen oxides (NOx)
and ammonia nitrogen (NH4N) will
be included in the pollution control
programme for the next five years.
However, detailed reduction targets
are yet to be worked out. Coal-fired
6 VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management „ Sep-Oct 2010
power plants are major sources for
NOx, contributing 45.5 per cent to
total emissions, according to Mr.
Yang Jintian, Deputy Chief Engineer
of the Chinese Academy of Envi-
ronmental Planning. Official figures
from the Ministry of Environmental
Protection show that the country’s
total NOx emissions reached 20
million tonnes in 2008, the largest
in the world. NH 4N is discharged
from chemical plants, agricultural
chemicals like fertilizers and pesti-
cides, as well as domestic sewage
in urban areas. In 2009, 1.23 million
tonnes of NH 4N was discharged,
with 78 per cent of it from domestic
sewage, according to the Ministry
of Environmental Protection.
Source: news.xinhuanet.com
‘Green gold’ from
plastic junk
Taiwan Province of China is breath-
ing new life into its plastic waste,
creating a booming new business
at the same time as it aims to go
green. The island nation started re-
cycling plastic more than a decade
back amid growing environmental
concerns. Today, it boasts of 73 per
cent recycling rates, according to
the Environmental Protection Admin-
istration of the Cabinet. In 2009,
nearly 180,000 t of plastic waste
was collected and turned into raw
materials worth US$140 million, cut-
ting down garbage disposal costs
and carbon dioxide emissions.
Taiwan took pride in the so-called
“eco-fabric” that was used by local
companies to make the jerseys for
nine teams competing in the recent
football World Cup in South Africa.
Each jersey, made from eight plas-
tic bottles melted and processed
into polyester, is 13 per cent lighter
than traditional fabric and can ab-
sorb and disperse sweat quickly,
reports Taiwan Textile Research
Institute. The production process is
also environmentally friendly, as it
takes less water and energy to dye
the shirts when the material is taken
from coloured bottles, said Mr. Alex
Lo, Managing Director, Super Tex-
tile Corp., a leading Taiwan-based
maker of eco-fabric. Super Textile
has started exporting the fabric to
the United States and Japan.
Tzu Chi Foundation, one of Taiwan’s
largest charity groups, runs 4,500
recycling stations across the nation
with the help of about 70,000 vol-
unteers who collected 12,000 t of
used bottles in 2009. Since 2007,
the Foundation has distributed more
than 300,000 blankets made from
plastic bottles for relief operations.
In the near future, perhaps, houses
built from recycled plastic bottles
could mushroom across the island
after “Eco Ark”, the world’s first such
building, get unveiled in November
2010. Eco Ark – a three-storey 24
m high exhibition hall at the Taipei
International Floral Expo – is being
constructed with bricks processed
from 1.5 million recycled plastic bot-
tles. The bricks that can resist fire,
wind and earthquakes, and provide
the building with natural lighting to
save electricity, said the architect
of Eco Ark, Mr. Arthur Huang. As
the ‘polli-bricks’ cost less than con-
ventional materials like wood and
glass, the construction cost is lower.
Source: www.google.com
Hazardous Waste
Management and Pollution
Prevention
This book gives an excellent introduction
to mastering the management of haz-
ardous waste materials and preventing
contamination of the environment. For
more information, contact:
IDC Technologies
PO Box 1093
West Perth WA 6872
1031 Wellington Street
West Perth WA 6005
Tel: +61 (8) 9321 1702
Fax: +61 (8) 9321 2891

GRP waste powers
cement production
Denmark-based pultrusion proces-
sor Fiberline has struck a deal with
the waste-to-fuels company Zajons
Logistik Entsorgungsgesellschaft
(ZLE), Germany, to supply surplus
glass fibre reinforced plastic (GRP)
for thermal recycling in cement pro-
duction. Fiberline sends its GRP
waste to ZLE, where it is shredded
and other recycled waste added to
achieve a defined calorific value ex-
ceeding that of the polyester resin
alone. The modified waste is then
sent to Holcim, ZLE’s parent com-
pany, where the waste is fed into
its cement kilns to provide process
heat, with the glass fibre content
substituting for sand.
Fiberline says that recycling 1,000
t of its GRP profile waste in cement
production saves around 450 t of
coal, 200 t of chalk, 200 t of sand
and 150 t of aluminium oxide. It also
eliminates Fiberline’s GRP waste
disposal problem. Prior to adopting
this thermal recycling route, recy-
cling of GRP was limited to grinding
it into fine and coarse fractions to
partially substitute mineral filler and
glass fibre reinforcement in new
GRP formulations, such as sheet/
bulk moulding compound.
Source:
www.europeanplasticsnews.com
Recyclable
alternative for
composite car parts
At Fraunhofer Institute for Chemi-
cal Technology (FICT) in Germany,
researchers have developed a new
method for producing thermoplastic
fibre composite materials designed
for large-scale vehicle construction.
Once these materials have reached
end of life, they can be shredded,
melted down and reused to pro-
PLASTIC WASTES
duce further high-quality parts. The
materials are also claimed to per-
form significantly better in crashes
than current materials: the thermo-
plastic components reinforced with
textile structures absorb the forces
generated in a collision through vis-
coelastic deformation of the matrix
material without splintering.
FICT engineers have developed a
process that makes it possible to
manufacture around 100,000 parts
per year. In the “thermoplastic resin
transfer moulding” (T-RTM) process,
the composite is formed in a single
step. To improve the crash behavi-
our of a vehicle’s overall structure,
FICT engineers have ascertained
the optimum fibre placement. The
cost of thermoplastic matrix mate-
rial and the cost of T-RTM process
are both up to 50 per cent less than
the equivalent costs for thermoset
structures, FICT claims.
Source:
www.europeanplasticsnews.com
Novel polyurethanes
with recycled PET
In the Islamic Republic of Iran, res-
earchers at Amirkabir University of
Technology and New Technology
Research Centre report to have re-
cycled polyethylene terephthalate
(PET) waste into polyurethanes. In
this research, waste PET fibres were
depolymerized through aminolysis
using excess amount of ethanol-
amine in the presence of sodium
acetate as catalyst. The scientists
characterized the product of the
aminolysis, bis(2-hydroxy ethylene)
terephthalamide (BHETA), and syn-
thesized polyurethanes based on
BHETA using pre-polymer method.
They investigated the mechanical
and thermal properties of this syn-
thesized polyurethane and studied
the effect of BHETA as a chain ex-
tender on various properties of the
polyurethanes.
VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management „ Sep-Oct 2010
Results show that BHETA has an
important role in strengthening of
polyurethane by increasing hydro-
gen bonding between polyurethane
chains effectively. The tensile tests
indicate that increasing of BHETA
content leads to an increase in the
polymer’s strength and stiffness.
The chemical resistance of poly-
urethane, however, decreases with
increasing BHETA. This phenome-
non was attributed to the fact that
the aromatic rings increases the dis-
tance between the chains. Hence,
chemicals can penetrate in polymer
matrix easily and the polyurethane
decomposes rapidly.
Source: www.materialsviews.com
Process to combine
different plastics
Green Polymer Technologies Inc.,
the United States, is marketing its
proprietary technology – which uses
a chemical process to combine dif-
ferent types of plastics – to those
producing large amounts of mixed
plastic waste. Repelletizing and re-
using mixed plastic scrap through
Green Polymer’s technology is an
economically viable approach, says
Mr. Donald Sullivan, the company’s
founder and President, because
“you don’t have to have any sorting
to use our technology”. Sorting the
scrap plastic always has been the
big economic roadblock in many
recycling operations. Because hand
sorting is not financially viable, any
standard plastic recycling operation
needs to have more capital invest-
ment. Mr. Sullivan estimates that a
recycling plant using Green Poly-
mer’s technology could be built and
installed for about US$4 million. By
using the firm’s technology, mixed
plastic scrap can be repelletized
and used in products ranging from
sound barriers to mouldings, trim
and decking extrusions.
Source: www.plasticsnews.com
7
Plastic Wastes
Pyrolysis of waste
plastic and tyres
The increasing use of pyrolysis of
waste plastic and tyres has made
pyrolysis plants commercially via-
ble. Development of more efficient
catalysts that reduce the reaction
time and reaction temperature, shift
from batch type process to continu-
ous type, advanced heat exchange
systems, and the development of
electrical generators that can be
fired on pyrolysis gas have added
to the profitability of pyrolysis tech-
nology. Pyrolysis plants generate
quality fuel (pyrolysis oil and hydro-
carbon gas) and carbon black from
polymer waste.
Pyrocrat Systems, India, is one of
the companies that supply turnkey
plyrolysis plants for waste plastic
and tyres. Pyrocrat plants recover
energy and value from waste in the
form of fuel and charcoal in an eco-
friendly and commercially viable re-
cycling process. The pyrolysis oil
produced can be used as a direct
substitute for light diesel oil/furnace
oil.
The pyrolysis plant operates under
the following process conditions:
z Reaction temperature of 350° to
450°C;
z Pyrolysis in absence of oxygen;
z Continuous feed and removal of
input and output products; and
z Scrubbing of pyrolysis oil and
hydrocarbon gases and flue gases
to prevent pollution.
The pyrolysis plant comprise several
machinery and equipment such as:
sorter, shredder, conveyors, feeder
units, reactor, airlock carbon black
removal systems, condensation and
scrubbing systems, filtration and
dewaxing systems, and storage
systems for oil/gas. For 1,000 kg
of plastic waste, the plant yields:
450-500 litres of pyrolysis oil; 100-
8 VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management „ Sep-Oct 2010
120 kg of hydrocarbon gas; and 300-
350 gg of carbon black. For 1,000
kg of radial tyre scrap, it provides:
400-450 litres of pyrolysis oil; 80-
100 kg of hydrocarbon gas, 275-325
kg of carbon black; and 80-100 kg
of mild steel wire scrap. Contact:
Pyrocrat Systems Ltd., C-209, CBD
Belapur Railway Station Commer-
cial Complex, Sec-1A, CBD Bela-
pur, Navi Mumbai, 400 614, India.
Tel: +91 (22) 2756 3816, 3299 0790;
Fax: +91 (22) 2757 2832,/ 2757 4535;
E-mail: info@pyrolysisplant.com.
www.pyrolysisplant.com
Recycling of
heterogenous
plastics waste
Plastic recycling systems from the
Italian company Longinotti are able
to transform heterogeneous flexible
and rigid plastic wastes, generally
without either particular sorting or
washing, into quality end products.
These end products are resistant
to shock, breakage and wear, and
can advantageously replace wood,
concrete and even steel since they
are sterile, rotproof, resists mildew,
waterproof, resistant to chemicals
and unvarying. They can be sawed,
planed, machined, nailed, welded,
glued, coloured and painted.
The waste material, baled or loose,
is loaded on preparation lines where
they are shredded and conveyed to
a granulator or densifier, depending
on whether it is rigid of flexible, and
stored in stocking silos. From these
silos it is sent to the mixing silos,
and the blend is introduced into a
special extruder to produce a homo-
geneous paste without any degra-
dation of the material.
The extruder feeds to a set of low-
pressure, water-cooled moulds ac-
cording to their size assembled in
different arrangement like revolving
drum, revolving table or horizontal
line. After the cooling phase, the
end product is ejected. The system
has a production capacity of 300 to
900 kg/h, according to the extruder.
Higher capacities are available on
request. The moulds, made from a
special aluminium alloy, are simple,
interchangeable and, thanks to the
low working pressure, relatively in-
expensive. Longinotti’s plastic recy-
cling plants need very few workers
for its operation. Contact: Longinotti
Group S.r.l., Via Provinciale Luc-
chese, 201, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
(FI), Italy. Tel: +39 (55) 302321; Fax:
+39 (55) 341120; E-mail: meccanica
@longinotti.com.
Source: www.longinotti.com
Producing fuel
from plastic waste
Samki Teck, India, offers a novel and
cost-effective technology to extract
fuel from waste plastics and rubber.
This process involves pyrolysis, the
thermal degradation in the absence
of oxygen. Plastic or rubber waste
is treated in a cylindrical chamber
at a temperature of 370°- 420°C.
The polymer is gently cracked by
adding catalyst and the pyrolysis
gases are condensed in a series of
condensers to yield a distillate with
low sulphur content. Input materials
include mixed plastic scrap in any
form, carry bags (even less than 20
microns), mono/multilayer pouches
and sachets, rigid plastic materi-
als, disposable cups, woven sacks,
tyre scrap, carpets, cable sheath,
etc. The process outputs furnace
oil (40-60 per cent) and carbon black
(10-20 per cent) – both products
that have wide markets. Contact:
Samki Teck Resources, 12-2-709/
c/207, Padmanabha Nagar Colony,
Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad 500 028,
India. Tel: +91 (40) 30525157; Fax:
+91 (40) 30788637; E-mail: samki
@vsnl.net.
Source: www.samkigroup.in

Recycling process
for precious metals
CURRENTA – a joint venture of the
Germany-based companies Bayer
AG and Lanxess AG, and operator
of Europe’s largest chemical park –
has developed sustainable solutions
for hazardous waste. The company’s
solutions include a new electronic
scrap (e-waste) recycling method
that is said to be highly efficient in
recovering over 90 per cent of pre-
cious metals. This novel recycling
method involves thermally treating
e-waste containing metals such as
gold, silver and copper.
The process came about while the
company was reviewing its infra-
structure assets to identify greater
service opportunities in its chemi-
cal parks. The rotary kilns associ-
ated with the existing incineration
plants used to process hazardous
waste were identified as being under-
utilized. This led the company to hold
trials on processing e-waste at very
high temperatures. With its waste
handling expertise and infrastructure,
CURRENTA is able to incinerate all
the non-metal materials and man-
age the off-gases to a standard that
meets tight regulatory standards.
The remaining inorganic residue
contains precious metal generated
by this method and can be process-
ed through electrochemical refining.
CURRENTA has applied for patent-
ing the process. Contact: Dr. Walter
Leidinger, CURRENTA, 51368 Lev-
erkusen, Germany. E-mail: water.
leidinger@currenta.de.
Source: www.insidewaste.com.au
New process for
prospecting for gold
from electronic waste
Ecomation, Finland, manufactures
and supplies a range of crushers,
conveyors, dust-extraction systems,
ELECTRONIC WASTE
screens and total recycling lines. processed via smelting to ensure
For customers with an existing faci- that gold and other precious metals
lity, the company can boost their are recovered.
operational and cost efficiency to
Source:
bring them closer to the industry-
www.engineeringnews.co.za
leading standards
Ecomation’s scrap-processing lines Environment-friendly
are among the most efficient and
refrigerator recycling
cost-effective on the market pre-
sently when it comes to processing process
electrical and electronic scrap –
such as obsolete or discarded com-
puters, telecommunications equip-
ment, household appliances, circuit
boards and cables – as well as
plastic and construction waste. The
company’s lines are capable of pro-
cessing at speeds of 250 to 5,000
kg/h, and can generate excellent
revenue flows, even from electrical
and electronic scrap that usually
conventional processing systems
are not able to deal with. Dedicated
solutions are available for cathode
ray tube scrap (television sets and
BHS-Sonthofen's Rotoshredder for impact
monitors) and batteries. crushing
The Ecomation separation process
The Impact and Catalyst (IC) Pro-
is dry, clean and fully automated.
cess from BHS-Sonthofen GmbH,
It is designed to keep very effective
Germany, is an economical, envi-
control over dust and odour. As no
ronmentally friendly way to recycle
effluent is generated in the process,
refrigerator equipment containing
it is ideal for electrical and electronic
chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and hy-
waste. A typical system features
drocarbon (HC) refrigerant. The IC
three to five energy-optimized re-
process uses BHS Rotoshredder
duction stages, each followed by a
for impact crushing, and catalytic
separation cycle – all in compact
hydrolysis for the low-cost process-
footprint. Ecomation’s basic ESSE
ing of refrigerants and foam agents.
separator consists of a multizone
The process has a high throughput
vibrating table with ionization and
rate of 150 units per hour and a low
blower stages. The ESSE XL also
wear cost of about US$0.11 per unit.
includes a drum screen and a feed-
Operating costs is half that of cryo-
in conveyor. ESSE units separate
condensation. The process doesn’t
non-metallic materials (like plastic)
generate any hazardous residue
and light metals/alloys (such as
and meets all statutory regulations
aluminium) from metals like copper,
as well as ceramic materials and
set by the European Union. Contact:
BHS-Sonthofen GmbH, An der Ei-
glass from scrap streams rich in
senschmelze 4, 87527 Sonthofen,
metallic content. Magnetic separa-
Germany. Tel: +49 (8321) 60990;
tors for removing ferrous materials
Fax: +49 (8321) 6099220; E-mail:
feature high-performance, state-of-
info@bhs-sonthofen.de.
the-art permanent magnets. The
end product of a line can be further Source: www.bhs-sonthofen.de
VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management „ Sep-Oct 2010 9
 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER
Treatment systems
for industrial effluent
Meitler Consulting Inc. (MCI), the
United States, provides treatment
systems and components for al-
most all industrial needs. Modular
treatment systems of different sizes
with a variety of options are availa-
ble, including smaller skid-mounted
systems and custom-built systems
with various degrees of automation.
For waste stream volumes of 190
to 45,425 litres/day, the company’s
self-contained band filter treatment
system is a suitable choice. These
powerful and proven packages that
need only a small footprint can be
fitted with state-of-the-art automa-
tion. Treatment tank, de-watering
and holding tank are all provided in
a single package. Fitted with PLC
control, pH monitoring, chemical
feed and advanced programming,
the performance of these systems
exceed most larger scale modular
systems. Contact: Meitler Consult-
ing Inc., 11935 Kaw Drive, Kansas
City, Kansas 66111, United States
of America.
Source:
www.environmental-expert.com
Water filtration system
for near-total removal
of hydrocarbons
Environmental management firm
Procon Environmental Technologies,
South Africa, has developed a tech-
nology that allows water contami-
nated from heavy industries to be
safely and more quickly discharged
into the environment. The MyCelx
water filtration system can remove
99.9 per cent of the hydrocarbons.
The MyCelx filtration system enables
companies in the mining, manufac-
turing, energy, as well as oil and gas
industries to remove hydrocarbons,
ranging from benzene, toluene, ethyl
10 VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management „ Sep-Oct 2010
MyCelx water filtration system for
hydrocarbon removal
benzene and xylenes (BTEX), crude
oil and sheen to chlorinated hydro-
carbons, polychlorinated biphenyls
and organically bound metals from
their wastewaters quickly and effec-
tively. This process can be achieved
by combining MyCelx with another
Procon solution, the Ultraspin oily
water separation solution.
Ultraspin hydrocyclone technology
is able to remove 95 per cent of 10-
15 µm oil droplets from the water.
The MyCelx is then installed after
the Ultraspin process to filter out
the remaining hydrocarbons. As a
product with Lloyds of London cer-
tificate for the removal of type C oil
emulsions, the MyCelx system can
be used in industry applications that
range from diesel depots to oil ter-
minals and fuel storage depots. On
contact with MyCelx, oily pollutants
in the air and water bond and are
permanently attached to the filter
media. With the use of either My-
Celx engineered oil and hydrocarbon
removal filters or filtration process
solutions, the air and water are free
of oil and hydrocarbons: 99.9 per
cent of hydrocarbon contaminants
are removed in a single pass. The
system is environment friendly and
does not release any hydrocarbon
chain. It permanently binds slightly
soluble organic compounds as well
as colloidal metals, and its visco-
elastic nature will not allow release
of pollutants.
Source:
www.engineeringnews.co.za
Biochemical process
halves water
purification cost
A new biochemical carbon dioxide
(CO2) water purification process from
Krebs & Sisler, the United States,
halves the cost of turning effluent
and salt water into potable water.
Krebs & Sisler’s method combines
photosynthesis with photocatalysis.
The method involves water purifica-
tion through a rapid growth in bio-
mass that can also be harvested
and used for human or animal con-
sumption. The treatment method is
expected to produce potable water
for half the cost of reverse osmosis
in large continuous flow volumes.
As the storehouse for atmospheric
oxygen, CO2 is the resource for re-
cycling both oxygen and carbon.
With the new process, CO2 can be
separated through photosynthesis
at a high rate. As CO2 is separated,
the carbon grows biomass and the
oxygen is released to enrich the air.
The process is good for salt water,
sewage and industrial wastewater.
The biomass – from algae species
such as Spirulina – is produced by
the concurrent use of photosynthe-
sis and photocatalysis. The bio-
mass growth rate in deep well-lit
enclosed cells is expected to be
100 times the natural rate because
all factors related to culturing the
algae can be optimized in the con-
tinuous hydroponic process.
Algae biomass absorbs minerals
dissolved in water and minerals
contained in organic and inorganic
compounds released by the photo-
chemical action of photocatalysis.
Photosynthesis purifies the water
by mineral absorption. The result-
ing biomass is 50 per cent carbon
and may be dried for fuel, or a farm
animal feed supplement or human
nutrient because of its high values
of protein (60 per cent and carbo-

hydrate (20 per cent) plus the pre-
sence of vitamins A, B and E. When
released, the oxygen bound in CO2
can be released to fortify the atmo-
sphere or for fuel combustion.
Source: www.upi.com
Successful sludge-
to-power research
At the University of Nevada, Reno,
the United States, researchers are
attempting to transform wastewater
sludge to electrical power. The pro-
cess that they are developing at the
Truckee Meadows Water Recla-
mation Facility is expected to, ulti-
mately, supply the electrical power
that the plant requires. According to
Dr. Chuck Coronella, the principal
investigator of the research project,
the researchers are pleased with the
results of the demonstration test-
ing. The process to dry the sludge
to make it burnable for a gasifica-
tion process that would finally yield
electricity has been working well.
This important step in the research
processes about 9 kg/h of sludge
in a continuous feed system to pro-
duce about 1.4 kg/h of dried sludge
powder.
The processing machine that the
research team custom-built uses a
process with relatively low tempera-
tures in a fluidized bed of sand and
salts to economically produce the
biomass fuel from the sludge. The
new patent-pending, energy-efficient,
low-cost technology is an experi-
mental carbon-neutral system. The
solid fuel it produces will be ana-
lysed for its suitability to be used
for fuel through gasification, and the
refrigerator-size demonstration unit
will help researchers determine the
optimum conditions for commercial-
scale operation. The demonstration
project is a collaboration with the
cities of Reno and Sparks, operators
of the wastewater plant. The two
city councils signed an interlocal
Dr. Chuck Coronella (left) and Dr. Victor
Vasquez, with their fluid-bed system to
dry wastewater sludge
agreement to allow the research to
integrate into their operation, provi-
ding the space and other resources
to help make the project a success.
Source:
www.waterandwastewater.com
Pickle spoilage
bacteria may help
environment
Spoilage bacteria that cause red
colouration on pickles’ skin during
fermentation might help clean up
dyes in wastewater from the textile
industry, according to a study by
the Agricultural Research Service
(ARS) United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA). Some species
of Lactobacilli food related micro-
organisms can cause red colouring
when combined with tartrazine, a
yellow food colouring agent used in
the manufacture of dill pickles. ARS
microbiologist Ms. Ilenys Perez-
Diaz and colleagues have found that
these Lactobacilli may also have
environmental benefits.
Researchers from the ARS Food
Science Research Unit noted that
several Lactobacilli modify azo dyes
used in the textile industry and may
wind up in wastewater if untreated.
These azo dyes impart vivid and
warm colours such as red, orange
and yellow to fabric. While many azo
dyes are non-toxic, some are muta-
VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management „ Sep-Oct 2010
Industrial Wastewater
genic. According to Ms. Perez-Diaz,
considerable effort has been made
to identify micro-organisms capa-
ble of degrading azo dyes in waste-
water. If food-grade Lactobacilli are
found to be capable of degrading a
range of azo dyes, they might be-
come organisms of choice for waste-
water treatment applications. Seven
treatments were tested to find a pre-
ventive measure for red-coloured
spoilage. Ms. Perez-Diaz found that
adding sodium benzoate prevented
bacterial growth and the develop-
ment of red-coloured spoilage in
dill pickles.
Source: www.newswise.com
Removal of selenium
from wastewater
Kroff Facilities Services (KFS), the
United States, offers a consistent,
cost-effective way to remove sele-
nium from industrial wastewater.
The company’s solution is at work
at a world-class refinery that has
a throughput capacity of more than
160,000 barrels/day of crude oil.
The refinery’s product line includes
petroleum, diesel, jet fuel, residual
fuels and petrochemical feedstock.
The refinery has a large wastewater
treatment system that can treat up
to 17,000 litres/minute of general
wastewater. This situation present-
ed a two-fold need – to consistently
meet the selenium level concentra-
tion of 12 ppb, and that too using
a process that would reduce costs
of operating the wastewater treat-
ment system.
KFS’ research uncovered a unique
technology that uses an absorption
process to remove selenium, and
possibly eliminate or at least signi-
ficantly reduce the use of treatment
chemicals, thereby reducing operat-
ing costs. The technology demon-
stration programme was conducted
in three phases – Phase 1 involved
a laboratory bench test, Phase 2
11
Industrial Wastewater
comprised an on-site pilot study to
determine the effectiveness of the
treatment under refinery operating
conditions, and Phase 3 pertained
to Rapid Small Scale Column Test
(RSCCT) to determine the life ex-
pectancy of the media. The Phase
1 bench test results indicated that
selenium removal was adequate
and on-site pilot testing would be
appropriate. The Phase 2 test de-
monstrated that selenium removal
was very effective to concentrations
well below the discharge require-
ments and well below that achieved
by the current method. The refinery
laboratory conducted the analytical
testing to avoid any conflict in test-
ing methods. RSSCT too showed
that selenium removal was quite
effective with the sorbing media.
Following these three successful
phases of testing, KFS constructed
a cost-effective operating package to
ensure selenium concentrations in
discharged water met acceptable
EPA levels.
Source:
www.waterandwastewater.com
Integrated ozone-UV
advanced oxidation
system
In the United States, Spartan Envi-
ronmental Technologies, introduced
an integrated ozone-ultra violet (UV)
advanced oxidation system for the
treatment of industrial wastewater.
The Ultrazone process is a fully self-
contained skid-mounted advanced
oxidation system that includes an
oxygen generation system, ozone
generator, ozone/water mixing sys-
tem, programmable logic control
system and a high-efficiency UV
reactor supplied by UV Sciences.
The integrated skid is placed on a
pad and the user connects the water
lines and power connections.
Advanced oxidation processes pro-
duce hydroxyl radicals capable of
12 VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management „ Sep-Oct 2010
Spartan’s integrated advanced oxidation
system
removing virtually all organic com-
pounds from water. In the Ultrazone
process, UV light converts ozone
into hydroxyl radicals without the
need to add any additional chemi-
cals. Electricity is used to make both
ozone (from air) and UV light. No
by-products are formed since ozone
and hydroxyl radical breakdown to
oxygen and water after use. The
Ultrazone process can be used to
reduce total organic carbon (TOC),
biological oxygen demand (BOD) as
well as chemical oxygen demand
(COD), and also to destroy specific
organic compounds that cannot be
treated by conventional methods.
Specific applications include recy-
cling of process water, treatment of
industrial wastewater and produc-
tion of high-purity water from various
water sources.
Source:
www.waterandwastewater.com
Treatment system
for fluctuating waste
loads
Baswood Corporation, the United
States, has introduced BioViper™
pilot system, a mobile unit used to
demonstrate the effectiveness of
the Baswood technology on effluent
from food and beverage plants. The
BioViper features significantly lower
lifecycle costs in a smaller footprint
than competing technologies. The
system requires 40 per cent less
energy, produces minimal easy-to-
handle solids, and is virtually odour
free. It is claimed to offer the opti-
mum combination of effectiveness,
cost, size and simplicity to provide
efficient pre-treatment while elimi-
nating many limitations associated
with other biological wastewater
treatment systems.
The BioViper, based on Baswood’s
Aerobic/Anaerobic Integrated Micro-
bial Succession (AIMS) technology
and Dry Cycle process, reduces
biological and chemical oxygen de-
mand (BOD/COD) in wastewater
from the food and beverage industry.
The pilot system has a hydraulic
capacity of up to 75 litres/minute
of high-strength wastewater. The
compact system is housed in a self-
contained, customized, 40-ft ship-
ping container providing minimal
set-up. The pilot unit features on-
line water quality monitoring, influ-
ent and effluent pumping systems,
composite sampling, and effluent
clarification. The unit is fitted out
with instrumentation that allows for
remote, online monitoring as well
as operation. The mobile system is
currently is in test operation at a
bottling plant. Contact: Baswood
Corporation, 109 East De La Guerra
Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101,
United States of America.
Source: www.baswood.com
Recycling – from E-Waste to
Resources
This report has used data from 11
representative developing coun-
tries to assess generation, recy-
cling and management of e-waste.
For more information, contact:
StEP Secretariat
Tel: +49 (228) 815 0213
Fax: +49 (228) 815 0299
E-mail: info@step-initiative.org

Soy microemulsion
for groundwater
remediation
Two United States-based companies
– JRW Bioremediation LLC and
Archer Daniels Midland Co. – were
awarded a patent for their LactOil™
soy microemulsion. This renewable
product enables environmental pro-
fessionals to cost-effectively clean
up soil and groundwater contamina-
ted by chlorinated solvents, metals,
nitrates and perchlorates. LactOil
is a soy-based product containing
five functional ingredients designed
to stimulate bacteria already resid-
ing in the environment to degrade
and remove toxic pollutants from
groundwater, thus restoring these
valuable resources. Biodegradable
LactOil is derived from corn (maize)
and soybeans.
Environmental professionals have
successfully used LactOil at more
than 40 North American locations
that vary in scale from small dry-
cleaner sites to large federal pro-
jects. Professionals using LactOil
have lauded the product’s ease of
handling, excellent sub-surface dis-
tribution, multi-year longevity and the
competitive cost advantage. Con-
tact: JRW Bioremediation, 14321,
W. 96th Terrace, Lenexa, KS 66215,
United States of America. Tel: +1
(913) 438 5544; Fax: +1 (913) 438
5554; E-mail: info@jrwbiorem.com;
Website: www.jrwbioremediation.
com.
Source: pr-usa.net
A bacterial nemesis
for oil spills
Tel Aviv University (TAU), Israel, has
a solution that may help the Gulf of
Mexico oil spill “bioremediate” the
remaining problems. Prof. Eugene
Rosenberg and Prof. Eliora Ron of
the TAU Department of Molecular
BIOREMEDIATION
Microbiology and Biotechnology are
using natural oil-munching bacte-
ria, grown at the TAU lab, to clean
the hard-to-reach oil pockets that
occur when oil mixes with sand and
organic matter on beaches to form
a thin layer on the Gulf’s precious
waterways.
The scientists identified a naturally
occurring variety of sea-borne bac-
teria that digests oil. By studying
the bacteria’s genetic background,
developing methods of growing the
bacteria and increasing their capa-
city to ingest the oil, the researchers
have developed a solution that could
clean up the residual oil that cannot
be removed by mechanical means.
Prof. Ron states that sucking up the
surface oil pools and containing the
oil are important and necessary first
steps. The new solution removes
the smaller amounts of oil left be-
hind – which is not easily removed
from sand and water. It is this small
quantity of oil that sits under rocks
and forms a thin film on the water’s
surface.
Source: www.google.co.in
Bioremediation of
polluted raw water
Researchers at the School of Civil
Engineering, Southeast University,
China, report using submerged bio-
film process and different artificial
media for the in situ bioremediation
of polluted raw water for tap water
supply. Dissolved organic matters
in organic-polluted raw water and
their potential to form disinfection
by-products during drinking water
treatment raise great challenges to
the traditional water treatment pro-
cess. Although many pre-treatment
and post-treatment methods have
been widely studied to improve the
water quality of potable tap water,
these methods are more or less con-
strained by the lack of public finance
or non-availability of land area.
VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management „ Sep-Oct 2010
In situ bioremediation of polluted
raw water based on the biological
degradation function of enriched
microbes on artificial media is a low-
cost technique and has the unique
advantage of not needing land area.
The researchers focused on the per-
formance of two different artificial
media used for bioremediation and
the effect of light on the perform-
ance was especially investigated.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was
separated using ultrafiltration into
four fractions of defined molecular
sizes: 100 kilodalton (kDa), 10-100
kDa, 1-10 kDa and <1 kDa.
Sunlight was found to have negative
effect on the performance of assem-
bly medium but has little effect on
the performance of elastic medium
in terms of removal of permanganate
index and DOC. The removal of or-
ganic matters with aromatic struc-
tures was not affected by sunlight.
The assembly medium is conducive
to the reduction of DOC with high
molecular size (>1 kDa) while the
elastic medium facilitates the de-
crease of DOC with low molecular
size (<10 kDa). Further, this pattern
was not affected by sunlight. With
respect to the decrease of disinfec-
tion by-products formation potential,
the assembly medium performed
better than the elastic medium. In
addition, sunlight seemed to be able
to enhance the removal of disinfec-
tion by-products formation potential,
especially for the haloacetic acid
formation potential.
Source: ieeexplore.ieee.org
New oil-degrading
microbe found
Scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory (LBNL) of the
United States Department of Energy
have found that microbes degraded
oil in deep water much faster than
anticipated, and that without a sig-
nificant level of oxygen depletion.
13
Bioremediation
The discovery is among the most
positive findings following the mas-
sive oil spill from BP PLC’s Macondo
well off Louisiana in 5,000 ft of water.
LBNL scientists found the presence
of various hydrocarbon degraders,
adding that the dominant microbe
in the dispersed Macondo oil was
a new, unclassified species.
Mr. Terry Hazen, a microbial ecolo-
gist, said the findings “suggest that
a great potential for intrinsic bio-
remediation of oil plumes exists in
the deep sea.” The oil influx altered
the microbial community profoundly
by stimulating psychrophilic (cold
temperature) gamma-proteobacteria
closely related to known petroleum-
degrading microbes. Psychrophilic
petroleum degraders contributed to
the rapid decline of the Macondo oil.
Analysis of changes in the crude oil
composition indicated faster-than-
expected biodegradation rates with
the half-life of the oil’s alkanes rang-
ing from 1.2 to 6.1 days.
Source: www.ogj.com
DNA microarray
At the University of Oklahoma, the
United States, researchers have
developed GeoChip, a DNA micro-
array that can detect thousands of
bacteria and micro-organisms and
determine their function, whether in
soil, water or other parts of the en-
vironment. GeoChip was recently
used to study samples from an oil
plume about 10 miles from the BP
spill in the Gulf of Mexico. About
200 samples taken at a depth bet-
ween 3,600 ft and 4,000 ft were sent
to the university for analysis. Geo-
Chip’s function in this case was to
determine whether the necessary
bacteria were present, in the right
quantities, to break down oil. The
research team’s early work gives a
nod to Mother Nature: it showed that
micro-organisms have degraded the
oil in that area to undetectable levels.
14 VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management „ Sep-Oct 2010
GeoChip can analyse many parts
of the environment– soil, sediment,
wastewater and even food contami-
nants, Dr. Jizhong Zhou points out.
Dr. Zhou’s goal is to continue dev-
eloping it – his team is working with
the fourth generation of GeoChip,
and the fifth version could be avail-
able in another year. “We want to
make sure GeoChip represents the
most current knowledge in the field,”
Dr. Zhou said. GeoChip is the only
technology that can identify a micro-
organism and explain its function.
That capability is important because
it gives researchers better insight
into the reparable skills of Nature
when a contaminant is present.
Source: findarticles.com
Enhanced anaerobic
bioremediation
Enhanced anaerobic bioremediation
is the practice of adding hydrogen
(an electron donor) to groundwater
and/or soil to increase the number
and vitality of the micro-organisms
present in performing anaerobic bio-
remediation (reductive dechlorina-
tion) on an anaerobically degradable
compound or chlorinated contami-
nant. The most commonly targeted
chlorinated groundwater contami-
nants are primarily used in industry
as degreasing agents and include
perchloroethylene (PCE), trichloro-
ethylene (TCE), dichloroethylene
(DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). Other
such anaerobically degradable com-
pounds include methylene chloride,
carbon tetrachloride, certain pesti-
cides/herbicides, nitrate, perchlo-
rate, nitroaromatic explosives, dyes
and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
Regenesis, the United Sates, pro-
duces controlled-release, injectable
substrates for enhanced reductive
dechlorination. Regenesis’ 3DMe™
is a revolutionary new product that
offer the most advanced hydrogen
releasing technology available. The
product is designed specifically for
the low cost in situ treatment of chlo-
rinated solvent-based contaminants.
It incorporates the proven Hydrogen
Release Compound (HRC®) tech-
nology besides an entirely new and
unique molecule that is specifically
designed to time-release a combi-
nation of highly efficient electron
donors. 3DMe was designed with
a relatively high hydrophilic/lipophi-
lic balance (HLB), allowing dilute
suspensions to be well distributed
across contaminant plumes without
the high injection costs. Immediately
on application to the sub-surface,
3DMe begins to produce hydrogen
and distribute hydrogen-generating
compounds to the sub-surface via
a series of hydration and fermenta-
tion reactions. This process provides
for a time-release supply of hydro-
gen to fuel the anaerobic reductive
dechlorination process. Typical lon-
gevity for 3DMe is up to two years
on a single injection and up to four
years under optimal conditions.
HRC is designed specifically for on-
site treatment of contamination by
a chlorinated solvent-based com-
pound or any anaerobically degrad-
able substance. The viscous HRC
is typically pressure-injected into
contaminated groundwater or soil.
Upon contact with water, it slowly
hydrolyses and is gradually broken
down by microbial action. During
this process, lactic acid released
is fermented by microbes to pro-
duce optimal amounts of hydrogen
and anaerobic conditions. The hy-
drogen is then used in reductive de-
chlorination. This naturally driven
process biodegrades and converts
detrimental contaminants into inno-
cuous end products like ethene and
ethane. Contact: Regenesis, 1011
Calle Sombra, San Clemente, CA
92673, United States of America.
Tel: +1 (949) 3668 000; Fax: +1 (949)
3668 090.
Source: www.regenesis.com
 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
Plastic from
industrial waste gas
The New Zealand-based clean tech
company LanzaTech has announ-
ced a successful run of its technol-
ogy for reclaiming industrial waste
gases to produce 2,3-butanediol
(BD), a foundational chemical from
which spring a variety of products
including fuels and even plastics.
LanzaTech’s process reclaims an
industrial by-product that would go
to waste otherwise.
The chemical 2,3-BD can be con-
verted through simple processes
into butenes, butadiene and methyl
ethyl ketone. These substances, in
turn, are the building blocks for pro-
ducing synthetic rubbers, plastics,
textiles and other products. In 2009,
LanzaTech announced the develop-
ment of a proprietary microbe that
can digest carbon monoxide in the
waste gas from steel mills, convert-
ing it to pure ethanol. The process
is based on fermentation, and waste
gas from steel mills is an ideal me-
dium because it has a high concen-
tration of carbon monoxide, with
little or no hydrogen.
Source:
www.scientificamerican.com
Added NOx reduction
Nalco Mobotec Inc., a United States-
based global leader in air pollution
control technology, has signed a
contract with Hoosier Energy Rural
Electric Cooperative Inc. to provide
the latter two ROTAMIX® selective
non-catalytic reduction (SNCR)
systems. The SCNR systems are
for nitrogen oxide (NOx) control at
the Frank E. Ratts Generating Sta-
tion, a coal-fired power plant with
two 125 MW boilers, originally built
in 1970. Nalco Mobotec will begin
work immediately with both units
scheduled for continuous operation
of the new system.
Nalco Mobotec’s patented ROTAMIX
technology reduces NOx emissions
from utility and industrial boilers. The
technology will build on previous sig-
nificant NOx reduction provided by
Nalco Mobotec’s patented Rotating
Opposed Fired Air (ROFA®) tech-
nology to contain and reduce NOx
emissions. Contact: Nalco Com-
pany, 1601 W. Diehl Road, Naper-
ville, IL 60563-1198, United States
of America. Tel: +1 (630) 305 1000;
Fax: +1 (630) 305 2900.
Source: www.marketwatch.com
Decreasing odour,
pollution levels
The Wyoming Refining Co. in the
United States is hooking up the last
of the new pollution and odour con-
trol measures that would help the
Newcastle refinery to meet the Pet-
roleum Refinery Initiative standards
of the United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). When
the final pieces of US$32 million in
improvements are operational in
November 2010, odour issues are
expected to improve dramatically.
A wet gas scrubber is designed to
reduce air pollution from the plant
by more than 100 t/y, as it washes
particles, sulphur dioxide and nitro-
gen oxide from plant emissions with
water and a caustic solution.
A new sour water stripper is design-
ed to annually remove about 400 t
of hydrogen sulphide together with
200 t of ammonia from the plant’s
wastewater output. It will transform
more than 140 million litres of waste-
water into about 138.5 million litres
of “clean” water each year. When
the refinery is operational again in
November, it will include:
z A Dynawave wet gas scrubber,
which would annually decrease sul-
phur dioxide emissions by 35.5 t,
and remove 49 t of particulate and
21.5 t of nitrogen oxide from the air;
VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management „ Sep-Oct 2010
z A sour water stripper expected
to significantly improve wastewater
odour problems;
z An amine fuel gas treater to re-
move 1,800 t/y of hydrogen sulphide;
z A sour water ammonia to ammo-
nium thiosulphate unit, which com-
bines waste by-products from the
sour water stripper and the amine
fuel gas treater to create an agri-
cultural fertilizer; and
z A new flare tower that will rise
170 ft into the air will replace the
current 50 ft tall flare (flaring devi-
ces allow refineries to burn excess
product when necessary to prevent
explosions).
Source: www.rapidcityjournal.com
NOx removal system
Babcock-Hitachi KK, Japan, had
first developed a pellet type catalyst
for reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx)
emissions from power plants. Based
on this original catalyst, Babcock-
Hitachi has now developed a low-
pressure drop plate type catalyst.
The NOx removal system is config-
ured so that flue gas is flown to a
reactor filled with the new catalyst.
Ammonia required for NOx removal
reaction is injected into the flue gas
through a nozzle mounted upstream
of the catalyst. If the flue gas con-
tains dusts, the flow is led straight
downwards to prevent dust build-up
and plugging.
The new DENOx catalyst – a high-
quality, high-performance and very
competitive product – is the result
of four decades of experience and
continuous development. The NOx
removal system is used in a wide
range of applications from utility
boilers, fluidized bed combustion
boilers, gas turbines, diesel engines
and industrial boilers to garbage in-
cinerators. It has been field proven
with various fuels such as coal, oil
and gas. Contact: Babcock-Hitachi
KK, Akihabara UDX Building, 14-1,
15
Air Pollution Control
Sotokanda 4-chome, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 101-0021, Japan. Tel: +81
(3) 5209 7000; Fax: +81 (3) 5209
7761.
Source: www.bhk.co.jp
New technology
for NOx control
Reaction Engineering International,
the United States, has on offer a new
nitrogen oxide (NOx) control tech-
nology that provides coal-fired gen-
erating units with a cost-effective
means of complying with NOx regu-
lations. The Rich Reagent Injection
(RRI) process reduces formation of
NOx by injecting amine-based com-
pounds into the fuel-rich regions of
furnaces. RRI, developed originally
for coal-fired cyclone boilers, works
well in the fuel-rich lower furnace
created by operating cyclone boilers
with overfire air. Combined overfire
air and RRI technologies have been
shown to reduce cyclone NOx levels
by more than 80 per cent. The RRI
process is also applicable to other
pulverized coal-fired units and in-
dustrial boilers. Contact: Reaction
Engineering International, 77 West
200 South, Suite 210, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84101, United States of
America.
Source:
www.environmental-expert.com
From diesel engines
to power stations
In 2002, Mitsui Babcock, the United
Kingdom-based energy services
company, demonstrated a new post-
combustion nitrogen oxide (NOx)
removal system at the Tennessee
Valley Authority (TVA) Kingston 9
power plant in the United States. The
demonstration system, NOxStar,
was developed initially for diesel
engines and later made the leap to
power sector. The NOxStar process
is, in essence, a post-combustion
16 VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management „ Sep-Oct 2010
process that continuously injects
controlled quantities of an ammonia-
based reagent with relatively minute
amounts of hydrocarbon (typically
either natural gas or propane) into
the superheater/reheater pass of an
operating boiler. The injection grid
comprises a permanent array of feed
lances attached to the adjacent heat
transfer assemblies in the upper fur-
nace pass. This set-up optimizes
reagent distribution throughout the
relatively high-temperature NOx-
bearing flue gas mass. At these
existing elevated temperatures, the
hydrocarbon auto-ignites to form a
plasma of free radicals that auto-
catalyses the reaction of ammonia
and NOx to form harmless nitrogen
and water vapour.
The NOxStar injection grid consis-
ted of 22 lances subdivided into
nine control zones in each of the
superheater and reheater passes.
These zones allowed NOx reduction
and ammonia slip to be optimized
on a zone-by-zone basis to account
for variability in the flue gas temper-
ature and flow profiles at the re-
agent injection plane. Each water-
cooled lance was fed with reagent,
steam and propane in a controlled
stream to satisfy the flue gas con-
ditions at the time. Reagent rates
were controlled to keep ammonia
slip below 5 ppm.
Test results have shown that NOx
levels can be reduced by 68 per
cent from the baseline level while
maintaining an ammonia slip of 4.2
ppm or less, as measured at the
economizer outlet using wet chem-
istry techniques. Air staging in the
combustion zone had contributed
to this overall reduction. Alone, the
NOxStar system reduced NOx level
by 53 per cent. As part of an SCR
system, NoxStar can achieve the
NOx reduction levels required by
many generators.
Source:
www.powergenworldwide.com
Portable dust
and fume collector
Zephyr® III from Air Pollution Con-
trol, the United States, is a pulse-
controlled portable dust and fume
collector for capturing dry dusts,
welding fumes, grinding dusts, sol-
dering fumes and other airborne
particles. The unit has an exterior
adjustable arm and a cartridge-type
collector that is easy to fit and re-
move. The 700 cfm hood on the arm
allows easy 360° positioning. The
unit has a three-stage filtration, and
the dust collected can be easily
removed from the roll-out drawer,
using manually activated, Venturi-
assisted pulse cleaning. Large size
wheels with swivels and brakes
make moving and positioning easy.
The unit has powder-coated surface
finish on both inside and outside.
Contact: Air Pollution Control, P.O.
Box 1277, League City, Texas, TX
77574, United States of America.
Tel: +1 (281) 332 7935; Fax: +1 (281)
332 7936; E-mail: info@airpollution
control.net.
Source: www.airpollutioncontrol.net
SCR system for
power generating
equipment
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
catalyst systems are highly effec-
tive at cutting nitrogen oxide (NOx)
emissions from power-generating
equipment, including gas turbines,
utility/industrial boilers and recipro-
cating engines. BASF Catalysts,
with its headquarters in the United
States, is a provider of innovative
catalysts for use in these systems.
SCR systems use catalysts to pro-
mote a reaction between flue gas
NOx and a reagent (typically am-
monia) that is injected into the flue
gas stream. BASF Catalysts’ SCR
catalysts selectively convert NOx
into nitrogen and water, thereby

reducing NOx emissions by up to
97 per cent. The products consist
of porous ceramic, honeycomb sub-
strates that have been coated with
either a vanadium-titanium (VNX™)
or zeolite (ETZ™) catalyst.
The catalysts are specially formu-
lated to withstand high operating
temperatures, and the ceramic
substrates can withstand thermal
shock associated with rapid start-
ups, shutdowns and turbine trips.
This means that there are no res-
trictions on how fast a turbine can
be brought up to full-load operation.
VNX and ETZ catalysts are part of
BASF Catalysts’ line of NOXCat™
products for SCR systems. Contact:
BASF Catalysts, 25 Middlesex/
Essex Turnpike, Iselin, NJ 08830-
0770, United States of America.
Tel: +1 (732) 205 5000; E-mail: info-
ec@basf. com.
Source: www.catalysts.basf.com
Industrial
fume scrubbers
Shivas Reinplast Company of India
offers industrial scrubbers for the
safe capture of hazardous fumes.
Counter flow fume scrubbers are
designed for contaminants that are
difficult to absorb. The counter flow
design offers advantages in the effi-
cient and effective use of scrubbing
solutions, besides higher separator
efficiency, especially for deep beds
of packing. High removal efficiency
is advantageous where the conta-
minants are highly offensive or have
recovery value. In this design, mist
and separating solutions carry-over
at high gas velocity is minimized
by the use of dry packed bed mist
eliminators. Counter flow separa-
tors are available with a variety of
tower internals; each designed to
achieve a maximum in efficiency at
a minimum of cost. The separators
are available with packed beds in
height ranging from 1.2 m to 6.0 m.
Air Pollution Control
Standard fume separators are pack- penetration of direct injection in pet-
ed with 50 mm plastic tower fill such rol engines, there will be a greater
as tellerettes, which give a higher need for PM filters. New analysis
target efficiency in mist and light from Frost & Sullivan finds that the
dust conditions. future trend is clearly the tri-metal
catalyst, a calculated ratio of pre-
The cross flow design offers added cious metals to be used along with
advantages as to low water require- rhodium, which is most suitable for
ments, low-pressure drop and low expelling nitrogen oxide (NOx). NOx
fan cost. In this design, elimination concerns arising from lean com-
and scrubbing solution carry-over is bustion petrol direct injection (PDI),
minimized using back of the packed downsizing and turbo charging will
bed, which is operated dry. Effici- drive demand for exhaust gas re-
ency of this design of internal cor- circulations (EGRs) and PM count
rugated walls prevents the gas and in PDI engines, thus catalysing the
scrubbing solution from by-passing growth of PM filters. Greater sales
the packed beds. All scrubbers have volume of small-segment vehicles
corrosion resistant construction with will boost demand for catalysts such
sheets of polyvinyl chloride, polypro- as tri-metal catalysts.
pylene, polyvinyldene, polyethylene,
and fibreglass-reinforced plastic. However, the exhaust temperature
Contact: Shivas Reinplast Compa- of petrol engines is higher than that
ny of India, C-71/8, Bulandsahar of diesel engines. Therefore, mate-
Road, Industrial Area, Ghaziabad, rials used in petrol engine exhaust
Uttar Pradesh 201 009, India. Tel: after-treatment systems should be
+91 (120) 2866985, 6459985; Fax: more temperature-resistant, result-
+91 (120) 2866987; E-mail: shivas ing in higher costs. There will be a
mail@vsnl.net. growing need for high-temperature-
resistant materials with downsizing
Source: www.shivasasia.com and turbo charging of petrol engines.
Market participants should develop
Nanometal catalyst and fit nanometal catalyst in cata-
lowers petrol exhaust lytic converters to reduce cost. Ap-
plications based on nanotechnology
system cost can bring down the price of exhaust
Original equipment manufacturers system by about 70 per cent. This
(OEMs) will likely adopt particulate will help manufacturers optimize
matter (PM) filters for petrol engines the extra cost associated with PM
by 2014, with a 15 per cent penetra- filters.
tion by 2016. With the increasing Source: www.azonano.com
Establishing E-Waste Channels to Enhance Environment
Friendly Recycling
The project aims at improving the situation of e-waste management in
India, specifically in New Delhi, Bangalore, Kolkata and Pune. For more
information, contact:
SWITCH-Asia Network Facility
UNEP / Wuppertal Institute Collaborating
Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production (CSCP)
Hagenauer Straße 30, 42107 Wuppertal, Germany
Tel: +49 (202) 4595810; Fax: +49 (202) 4595831
E-mail: network.facility@scp-centre.org
VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management „ Sep-Oct 2010 17
 RECENT PUBLICATIONS TECH EVENTS

Remediation and Management of 03-06 Nov ECO EXPO ASIA 2010

Hong Kong Contact: Hong Kong Trade
Contaminated Sites China Development Council,
38th Floor, Office Tower,
This book presents a complete account of what needs Convention Plaza, 1 Harbour Road,
to be done for contaminated sites, from analysing a Wanchai, Hong Kong.
site’s potential economic value and contamination Tel: +852 1830 668;
issues to site testing and analysis. It explores the Fax: +852 2824 0249.
selection of appropriate remediation methods, the 10-12 Nov 6th World Scrap Metal Congress
determination of ongoing risks and limitations of a Shanghai Contact: Terrapinn Pte. Ltd.,
remediated site, site reclamation, new uses for reme- China 1 Harbourfront Place,
diated sites and reporting documentation. The book #18-01 Harbourfront Tower 1,
also covers volatile organic compounds, radiochem- Singapore 098633.
Tel: +65 6222 8550;
icals (radon), biologicals and other groundwater and
Fax: +65 6226 3264;
soil contaminants. Case studies feature examples E-mail: enquiry.sg@terrapinn.com.
from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom,
15-18 Nov 5th World Recycling Forum:
and the Netherlands.
Hong Kong International Conference &
China Exhibition on Electronics, Car and
Biotechniques for Battery Recycling
Contact: ICM AG,
Air Pollution Control Schwaderhof 7, 5708 Birrwil,
Switzerland.
This publication covers the proceedings of the 3rd Inter-
Tel: +41 (62) 785 1000;
national Congress on Biotechniques for Air Pollution
Fax: +41 (62) 785 1005;
Control held in September, 2009, at Delft. Prompted E-mail: info@icm.ch.
by both economical and public pressure, waste gas
01-04 Dec ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY
treatment has gradually been integrated into process
Jakarta INDONESIA 2010
designs. Industries are becoming self-sufficient and Indonesia Contact: PT. Pamerindo Buana Abadi,
recover compounds from waste streams for use as Deutsche Bank Building, 13th Floor,
raw material. This book provides an overview of inno- Jalan Imam Bonjol No. 80,
vative biotechnology-based processes for treatment Jakarta 10310, Indonesia.
of waste gasses. It discusses various innovative re- Tel: +62 (21) 316 2001;
search aspects of environmental chemistry, environ- Fax: +62 (21) 316 1981;
mental engineering and bioprocess technology. E-mail: info@pamerindo.com.
2011
For the above two books, contact: CRC Press, United
13-15 Feb WasteSafe 2011 –
Kingdom. Tel: +44 (1235) 400 524; Fax: +44 (1235)
Khulna 2nd International Conference
400 525; E-mail: book.orders@tandf.co.uk. Bangladesh on Solid Waste Management in
Developing Countries
Hazardous Waste Management Contact: WasteSafe Conference
Secretariat,
and Pollution Prevention Room No. C303, CE Building,
Department of Civil Engineering,
This publication provides an excellent introduction to
Khulna University of Engineering
mastering hazardous waste materials management and Technology (KUET),
and preventing the contamination of the environment. Khulna 9203, Bangladesh.
It also contains information on the legal and regulatory Tel: +880 (41) 774780;
aspects of pollution, in-plant handling of hazardous Fax: +880 (41) 769468;
waste materials, reducing the amount of hazardous E-mail: wastesafe@ce.kuet.ac.bd.
waste produced, and ways to save money through 31 May-03 Jun Waste-Tech 2011
preventing personal injury and preventing or limiting Moscow Contact: SIBICO International Ltd.,
the effects of accidental pollution. Russia PO Box 105, Moscow 105062, Russia.
Tel: +7 (495) 225 5986;
Contact: IDC Technologies, P.O. Box 1093, West Perth Fax: +7 (495) 225 5986;
WA 6872, Australia. Tel: +61 (08) 9321 1702; Fax: E-mail: waste-tech@sibico.com;
+61 (08) 9321 2891. Website: www.waste-tech.ru.

18 VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management „ Sep-Oct 2010

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 Ozone Layer Protection # (e-version)
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BOOKS (India, Bhutan
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‰ Managing Innovation for the New Economy: Training Manual, 2002 1,000.00 50.00
Volume 1: How to Guide & Quick reference materials
Volume 2: Articles & Lectures
‰ Regional Capacity-building for the Adoption of ISO-14000 and 600.00 30.00
Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology: Training Manual, 2000
‰ Small Rural Industries in the Asia Pacific Region: Enhancement of 600.00 30.00
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Environment and the Impact of Poverty Alleviation, 2000
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 Volume 2: ASEAN, NIEs, SAARC and the Islamic Republic 600.00 30.00
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 Volume 3: Least Developed and Pacific Island Countries and 600.00 30.00
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Governmental, Non-governmental and Private Sector Entities for the
Promotion of Rural Industrialization for Poverty Alleviation, 1999
‰ Institutional Development for Investment Promotion and Technology 500.00 25.00
Transfer, 1999
‰ Ozone Depletion Substances Phase-out Technologies: Problems & 300.00 15.00
Issues on Technology Transfer, Absorption and Generation, 1998
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