CIE4485

Wastewater Treatment
Dr.ir. J.G. Langeveld

7. Interactions between wastewater collection and treatment

1
 CT4485 Wastewater Treatment
Lecture: Interactions between wastewater
collection and treatment
Dr. Ir. J.G. Langeveld
29 novemberr2012

Delft
University of
Technology

Challenge the future

Interactions within wastewater systems

DWF + runoff Influent

sewer + transport wwtp

Effluent

CSO

Receiving waters

Interactions 2
 DWF variations: diurnal and week
profile
Relatie neerslag - verpompt debiet gemaal De Laar

250 0

200 10

15
pompdebiet (m3/h)

neersalg (mm/d)
150 20

25

100 30

35

50 40

45

0 50
4-5

5-5

6-5

7-5

8-5

9-5

10-5

11-5

12-5

13-5

14-5

15-5

16-5

17-5

18-5
Datum

pompdebiet neerslag
Interactions
240 per. Mov. Avg. (pompdebiet) 3

Annual profile

Interactions 4
 Impact transport system

DWA profiel

1.8

1.6
Q/Qgem, NH4/NH4gem

1.4

1.2
Q
1 NH4conc
0.8 NH4vracht

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 Interactions
8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 0:00 5

Impact pumping station

Verloop rioo lwa te rstandin stelsel
-18 00

-18 50

-19 00

-19 50

-20 00
240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248
tijd (d)

V erloop rioo lwa te rstand bij rwzi

-42 00

-44 00

-46 00

-48 00

-50 00
240 241 242 243 244
tijd (d)
245
Interactions
246 247
6248
WWF: storm event 29/30 October 2007

• Eindhoven Stad
• Dilution ~ factor 2
• Overall increase of loads during storm events

Interactions 7

WWF dynamics: first flush?

1,000 16000

900
14000
800
12000
700
10000
600

500 8000

400
6000
300
4000
200
2000
100

0 0
29-10-2007 0:00 29-10-2007 6:00 29-10-2007 12:00 29-10-2007 18:00 30-10-2007 0:00 30-10-2007 6:00

CZV debiet
Interactions 8
 WWF dynamics: first flush??
1,000 14

900
13.5
800
13
700
12.5
600

500 12

400
11.5
300
11
200
10.5
100

0 10
29-10-2007 0:00 29-10-2007 6:00 29-10-2007 12:00 29-10-2007 18:00 30-10-2007 0:00 30-10-2007 6:00

CZV niveau
Interactions 9

WWF: storm event 29/30 October 2007

• Normalization of concentration & flow

• Calculation of normalized load
• 24h moving average of loads  Peak Load Factor

Interactions 10
 Interactions 11

WWF: analysis of PLF

• TSS highest followed by COD followed by CODf

• Differences between catchments
 Contradicts earlier research (Kafi et al., 2008)

Interactions 12
 WWF: origin of additional
pollutant loads
• total mass of pollutants (Mpt):
• in-sewer stocks (Mps)
• run-off (Mpr)
• dry weather flow (Mpd)

Mpt = Mps + Mpr + Mpd

Gromaire et al., 2001

Interactions 13

WWF: origin of additional

pollutant loads

• total mass of pollutants  measured

• in-sewer stocks  ???????
• run-off  (Qwwf-Qdwf) * mean conc. Dutch stormwater
• dry weather flow  measured, equal to DWF conc.

Mpt = Mps + Mpr + Mpd

Gromaire et al., 2001

Interactions 14
 WWF: origin of additional
pollutant loads

• Mean contribution of in-sewer stocks 20-50%

• Gromaire et al. (2001) 50-60%
• Relative contribution in-sewer stocks larger for smaller catchment

Interactions 15

Interactions within wastewater systems

DWF + runoff Influent

sewer + transport wwtp

Effluent

CSO

Receiving waters

Interactions 16
 Impact on wwtp

PT PC AS SC AT

Interactions 17

Seasonal variation wwtp performance

Interactions 18
Short term impacts wwtp performance

Interactions 19

Short term impacts wwtp performance

Interactions 20
Interactions in the real world

• Spring 2007: 6 weeks without precipitation finalized by storm

event of 33 mm on May 7th and 8th
• Monitoring data available of wastewater system Eindhoven:
• wwtp: flow and water quality
• sewer system: CSO monitoring at CSO vd Heuvellaan and
Kosmoslaan: water level and samples for water quality
• River Dommel: continuous oxygen measurements + sampling for
water quality

Interactions 21

Monitoring locations Eindhoven area

Interactions 22
 Storm event May 7/8 2007

Interactions 23

Flow river Dommel

12
Q in river Dommel [m /s]
3

10

0
01 Jan 01 Feb 01 Mar 01 Apr 01 May 01 Jun
2007

Interactions 24
 Influent monitoring: flow and COD

3500

3000

Q [m /h]
2500

3
2000

1500
CODeq Q
1300
CODeq [mg/L]

1100
900
700
500
01 Apr 08 Apr 15 Apr 22 Apr 29 Apr 06 May
2007

Interactions 25

Hydraulic performance during event

Interactions 26
Hydraulic performance during event

Weir level CSO 2

precipitation

Waterlevel CSO 2

Waterlevel influent
pumping station

Interactions 27

Impact on wwtp performance during

event

Interactions 28
Impact on wwtp performance after event

Precipitation

Influent flow

Interactions 29

Impact on receiving water quality

Precipitation

Interactions 30
 Interactions within wastewater systems:
wastewater system optimisation

DWF + runoff Influent

sewer + transport wwtp

Effluent

CSO

Receiving waters

Interactions 31

Sewer characteristics

• Network
• Below groundlevel
• Dirty
• ‘simple pipes’
• Over 100.000 km in NL.
• Municipality
• Focus on hydraulics
• Service life 40-80 year
• Up to 100* DWF

Interactions 32
 wwtp characteristics

• 1 clear location
• visible
• High tech
• Microbiology/procestechnology
• waterboard
• Service life 20 year
• Up to 3-4* DWF

Interactions 33

Example

Interactions 34
Impact of storm event

Interactions 35

Impact of timing of storm event

Interactions 36
Impact of temperature

Interactions 37

Impact of additional storage in sewer

Interactions 38
 Impact of storage on loads

Point of Ammonium load Ntotal load CODbiodegradable load

discharge (kg NH4-N) (kg N) (kg COD)
current 6 mm additional current 6 mm additional current 6 mm additional
system storage system storage system storage
CSO load 13 2 23 4 154 25
wwtp load 36 58 239 326 79 95
total load 52
49 60 262 330 233 120

Interactions 39

Impact of pumping capacity

Interactions 40
 Impact of pumping capacity on loads

Point of Ammonium load Ntotal load CODbiodegradable load

discharge (kg NH4-N) (kg N) (kg COD)
current 0.6 0.5 current 0.6 0.5 current 0.6 0.5
system mm/h mm/h system mm/h mm/h system mm/h mm/h
0.7 0.7 0.7
mm/h mm/h mm/h
CSO load 13 14 16 23 24 29 154 164 196
wwtp load 36 28 19 239 207 176 79 74 69
total load 52
49 42 35 262 231 204 233 238 264

Interactions 41

Impact of pressure main

Interactions 42
 Impact of pressure main
Point of Ammonium load Ntotal load CODbiodegradable load

discharge (kg NH4-N) (kg N) (kg COD)

current 6h 24 h current 6h 24 h current 6h 24 h

system system system

CSO load 13 13 13 23 23 23 154 154 154

wwtp load 36 49 118 239 236 268 79 97 200

total load 49 62 131 262 258 291 233 251 354

Interactions 43

Conclusions of example

• Timing of storm event determines impact – diurnal pattern,

seasonal variation

• wwtp is part of wastewater system: anything you do in one part

influences the other parts

• The effect of measures for optimization in a wastewater system

depends on the selected parameter

Interactions 44