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= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... } 'i:ll8t3881116'it'iu8d1'i5'i:38Hft.5

u 1 l_j
tSUtl='!Gl
0 0
B dlft.5MH88
1 G1
'1
0 0 ?
n. tl.H1J} C = {xjx-- 16 = 0} '1
2. wru;
0 0
D = {xjx>O} '1
l='!. {yjy 13ssl='!6hww1r::i'i:lls } '1

u tS-
t::lo o ov o ~ ~ o ov C~. v
£l='IU12 wr;owo.n
ij" 1
w ru'i:llsmndlcrss~mtfl
I U U
ru '1 r;m-ncr'i:lls wo.nti::l
1
OJ'i:llS11ln'i:3sms
1
dlGSS~f:iHH9
u '-'.
?
21
PROEUS DARA
MrulGMLHs4
t 1
ftin2lb
c:t
nb
et
tSjb~
4
t28 RMcittrJru {PJOP < r}
I
ttfi li5 MrulG

!
MLH
1
s4 ftict n2lb tH'ii
lJ
rs sb~
4
t 2 gRM ii t trlru {PI OP > r} '1
ct 'I) cr c:V o oo
2fl7'U7UlJ1 2 'ifil'i.HSHStl'HS
lj 1
y = ax+ b Rt::JHuMGMG I 1
(x, y)
iib~HMt!rumsnHHtrltS X sb y dlGSS~n ttfirutdlbmcinr@'m~

u L! ~ ~
y = ax+ b '1
l:f:'i'i:n2Mrultl A, B Sb C ft~ru A= {xjx dlG~Sf:'in1f{Jl9tiftlru 0<x<4}
B = {xjx dlGSSf:'ici,gngti~d'i:nS
L! 1 \..1' CJo
ftlru x:::; 3}
tf:'iQlS : A = {1, 2, 3} , B = { 1, 2, 3} , C = { 4} '1
t61Mrul1 A sb c Hl'Hilbhlrul
l_j 1
B Sb c msmrh:rm@stlmn tf:'ittlhlrul
CJo 1 U "' I
A sb c
~ ~ 0 0~ C»
r:'i..flliJ B Sb C dl hlM'HS tli.Hfl '1
1 """'
0 '
l:f:'inM61n5Hhlj : A:t C , B :t. C '1
2fl7f.f7HW RMcihl ru1 ffi'HfilHUti m.Jr:ru;rgm~ sb tDJ]muJtihlrul2lb tLAl'H
A= {xjx dlG2Sf:'ici,gn9ti1dms
L! 1 \..1' CJo
sb 3x:::;12}
C = {xjx
t:::.1 ? 0 0 .c::il
GflffitHt5HhlmmmntShlM
CJo I I
A f:'i A= {1, 2, 3, 4} '1
22
PROEUS DARA
0 0 0
tHffiHuMI B ~?1Ql8 B = { l, 2 , 3 , 4}
0 0 0
mmuuMI c t?'iQlS c = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
i5~5~ RM6kMrulff11H1lHQTimhnwzrn~ sb ttY]muJu n5ru1:nb t1Ji!'t3

D = {xjx dlG88?16k"hn9u~ti'l:f18
u 1 w·
sb 5x:::; 16} (3-
"" 0 0
t?'i'\:f181Hurul1 A= {1, 2, 3, 4}
B ={a, b, 1, 2, 3, 4}
C = {a, b, l, 2, 3, 4} '1
1:$ t ':t 0 0 c$ t 0 0 0 I
tt:ltmmmHmmntswM A ?'idlmnmwwru~ B tt:lnMn
"'"'lj I 1 1 I
00 00\;)00 0 t
hlHhli xE A::::}xE B tS"Utt:lGl hln.fj A dlhln.fjibt8hln.fj B t?'inrulnhlHhl~: Ar;;;B '1

C) I ':J 0 0 Ql t 0 0 0 t
!:ltH'ilti::l~ ~?'i'i5ffi&H8hlrul C t:ldlffin~'Uhlfdrul B t?'inrulnhlHhli xE C::::}xE B

U "' lj I 1 I I
00 00"':100 01
tS'Ht?'ilhhlM1 C dlhlM~bt8hlM B t?'inD.flnhlHhla Cr;;;B '1
1 1
ffin2hlffl ttflt55 n(A) = 4<n(B)

1 I "'
Sb n(C) = 6 = n(B) '1 n:nru n(A)<n(B) tS"Ht?'ittlli
0 0 I ':t 0 0
Lh A dl hlrul~bctlru
I <1
t8 hlrul1 B '1
~ 0 0 ';) 0 0~ '.•, ,' ()
- t.'i5 A dlrurupbtshln!l B'l:f188t55GlA_r;;;B

. o o · •':t ·. o .. o· ... ·:t:J ..,·'(: :/>.·,<· .. , . /.. .
dl wrupb ~rutshlnfj B 'Hl88~[!,A;cB tS)Z .n(A)<n(B) '1
23
PROEUS DARA
0 1 0 0
tHffig)3t5nHU) A ti:1tf1S A k: A Sb 0 k: A '1
0 lc::b ~ ~ ~
P = {xJx thuSSi:161
1.1
~gn~:m-.d't:flS
I i.J• c.!l-
Sb 3x:o; 15} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
o
Q = {x!x thuSSi:161·~ "" ';.l
Hiln9t5Jd't:f1S "" r
Sb .vx:o;2} = {1, 2, 3, 4}
1.1 I i.J. c.9-
lc:$ ~ ~~ 2
R = {xjx 0
tilu2Si:1£1
1.1
ssn9tJ<d't:f12
1 i.l. (.!)-
Sl-J x ::;;49}
C»
= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} '1
C» 0 ,o 0 0 0
mti:1nMnhlM
I
u= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} tSlHi:1(l12 : hlrwl
I
tr:1't:flsn5ru1fdnru u = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} sbn5ru1
A = {0, 1, 2, 3} '1 ti:1ffiuRrwlf1tf12 SJ

U
rJN)I {4, 5, 6} 'tHi5t9'~61
1.1 'J
t:J f t t t:J Q eJ ! 0 0
bi:iru~r:1t5Wl£1Whltltilm£1Whl U b6'l'i:HH'i:32ctlW161St5hlhlll.fl A '1
W I I I I
n5ru1Gtsg
l""'
t'i.Jlim n5ruhbucnmcsrJru1 I ~ I
A ftJrumbn:nm A '1
ti:1tf1S A= { 4, 5, 6}
A= {x!xEA, xE U} 'i
~ 0 0 ~ 0 0
~fl?fflM ti:1&ffili5hln.fjhlnru u ={a, b, c, 1, 2, 3, 4} Sbhln.fj P ={a, l, 2} 'l
RMr1n5ru1~bthnmts
I
P 'l ~
Ql 0 0 0 ":) 0 1
13t1:Jf!J
tiV
fdrwlJbummts
1
P nrwl£1tthli5 : ~
P= {xJxe P , xE U} = {b, c, 3, 4} 'l
24
PROEUS DARA
n(U) =7 , n(P) = 3 s~ n(P) = 4
L:imsg n(U) = n(P) + n(P) '1

u
~:: . !: ' ,. ' '•\ ',
1:$ · o o ~ _ · o ·0_, •. /o"" "?··. o .·o

tti U ctlNG.flNnru S~ A ctlNVW}j~tJt.P.g]tStUG.fl A
A S~B tL:iru A= {xi 0<2x<7} , B ={xi 0 < 2x < 20} '1

0 0 0 - ~0 tO 100
n. NHNiNruli~tltl:lm
...... A S~nrulnGSSmnmNNrultSH '1
I 1.1 1 I
2. NHNHJrulS~tlttlm
QO tO tOO
1 ...... B s~nMnussmnmNNMtSlg
1.1 1 1
'1
A\:B , BetA S~ ActB '1
'\ . ..
:~ ··.~· ··/'\o
" ~ " 8}
ctlnmn~th:fl8t8
o' . •
A= {xlx 1.1 tS- ···ini3J.t~g]~Ofl.~GW
>:,. '. "' .··.--.·.. ,'·>· :'
·o . ·.~ ·~ o· ·:: .: .· "?' . . .. ·0 · ·o o· Q,
= { 1, 2, 4, 8} '1 • .n.ns1
. ....
'•'
~g ~.~.m~ tstyn, sn~ ~
·.·
. .r\Jl ru
. .. ···"'-··. ,' .• '• ,.::.. ·
B = {x!x ctl~tun~fl'i:fl8t8 12}
= { 1' 2, 3, 4, 6, 12} '1
tfiQlSWrul1 {1, 2, 4} tL:iru'i:flsmnm

1
25
PROEUS DARA
co
(i"i(flS An B = {1, 2, 4} t'i.5H15 n(A n B) = 3 '1
StlxEB}
u22Wl6'i~2
0 "
'1J I
AnB mtlttht15 n(AnB) '1
...
2 fl7 'if1 Ulfl 1
AM~hlMI AnB sb n(AnB) '1
&tht15 A = {x!x
B = {xJx r:h6'itun1dtfls~s
1J ts-
30} = {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30}
ti"i(flS An B = {xjx r:h6'ituna31dtf12~2

1J lJ ts-
15 sb 30}
= {1, 3, 5, 15}
tjtJtSg
u
n(A n B) = n(A) = 4 '1
ct ~!:» 0 0 ~
2fl7'if1UU7 2 ti"itflS r!Ht5C1Jl R = {a, b, c, 2, 4, 6} Stl P = { 1, 3, 5, 7} '1
AM~hlMI RnP stl n(RnP) '1
n. A= {1, 2, 3, 4} Stl B = {2, 4, 6} 2. R = {1, 2, 4, 8} Stl P = {1, 3, 9}
1"1. C = {1, 2, 3, 6} Stl D = {4, 7} 'ill. M = {m, a, t, h} Stl N = {c, u, t} '1

26
PROEUS DARA
~
t~'i:f1~Hl Ht.Htfl
0 0
A = {1, 2, 3, 6}
sb
B = {1, 2, 4, 8} '1
e' 0 0 C)
t~HliJ'i.H'Wr!(llfH'Drul { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8} bl:Hl5'i:f1S
n 1
t~Rrul6'ituHtu~ : AuB (HISffi A 1J~ B) '1
t~QlS Au B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8} tffi t15 n(A u B) = 6 '1
AU B = {xjx E A ~ xE B}
ussmr~ts AuB mbnnru

0 "
II l
n(AuBj '1
X E A 'i5 ~
X E B 'i::f1S srum X E A tn X~ B 'i5
~
X E B t61 X~ A 'l5~
X E An B '1
t~'i:f1Shlrulhlnru
1
u = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} sb
~ 0 l - 4::::).
A= {x\xE u sb x dluSS~61thlhl
II
} '1 til:rlmm
~ ~
: AnA= 0 sb AuA = u '1
A= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
~L:Hl:H AnA= 0 Sb AuA = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} = U '1
0 ,o 0 ~ 0 0
mmg~'Uhlo.f) A sb hlo.f) hlnru u

mms An A= 0 sb Au A= U '1
afTif17Hzfl2 tl"l'i:f1SnHJrul A= {1, 2, 3, 6, o, p, k} sb B = {k, r, 1, 2, 4, 8} '1
Rrt.fl6'if0ru1 AnB , AuB , n(AnB) Sb n(AuB) '1
r:u'ffw ttht15AnB={xjxEA SbxEB}

27
PROEUS DARA
&SlHl=i(f!S : An B = {1, 2, k} '1
'BJi:H9Jn Au B = {xlx E A l{ x E B}
bSlgtf:i(f!S AuB = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, o, p, k, r} '1
n(A n B) = 3 'tfl t15 n(A u B) = 10 '1
= n(A)+n(B)-n(AnB) '1
n(A u B) = n(A) + n(B) -n(AnB) '1
l=lMn~gn
!,]'
si:l1:12~mmnnf2Htinh~h151Gss
l (3- 'Lt w
....
150 mfinrJ~gnrnru'erunhm:Jmslitmn '1
!,]' IJ "' "' .....,
l
&l=i99bli(fl2rlfi'tflsm
w
'tfl~H~hu'iGSS
'Lt w
102 SlRuru8m0nfll=iruln~9fl
u n li' v· uss
w
71 SlRuruGn
u n
u 150
&l=i(f!S n(M) = 102, n(K) = 71 sb n(M n K) = 40
n(M n K) = n(M)- n(M n K) = 102-40 = 62

!:lmsg
u
hlhl'if!:lruuruGnhlnflfn-e2~till=iMn19n'tflsuss
'Lt u n li' 1 cs- v· u
62 mfi 'i
28
PROEUS DARA
n(M n K) = n(K) -n(M n K)
= 71 -40 = 31
n(M u K) = n(M) + n(K)- n(M n K)
= 102 + 71-40
= 133
n(U)-n(MuK) = 150-133 = 17
... "'
~~<;HS~ ffi'HfilHtrln!iJH1ih:flSrlfdtuJG~2 160 mfi QlSf3Jtlbtfl'tllf:1fdtuJG~S 79 mfi
GrurhnfiS~tu'l~tmtsitH1Jnruti5
u !1 'J 6lJ1
65 2lfiGruGmflf:1ttul1tm&f:1idg
u !1 'J "'
sb 41 2lRG05Gf'iffiS
u !1
29
PROEUS DARA
2.3
n. runnn:Btln~s
B
De Morgan
0 1 C» 0 0 c::t,
mmgu'i'tH1HtH1fl A ~b B '~t:n~ ·:
n. A u B == An B '1
~. AnB = AuB '1 o

runn.n:n£1 runruT:mun
"' o 'v
~ ~
t
'1:> c::. ,' ,'0
t~'{Ytu~ ~b'{Yd
1
'' 0 ,: ' ' ~' '0 ,' ' ' 'e;v' '0 0
• ~nG~~.m"J&.2'{Y*tlbuturu;
t~Ql2 : AU B == {xlx E A '8_ x E B}
AU B = {xlx It A Sb x E B}
= {xlx It A} n {xlx It B}
= Xn.B
~. £n't:HmJu~G:rlbtrl5f~H~Ql2 AnB=AuB '1
ffl m !rJ £g ~1'e !:lJlLffl'!5~ 2
n.
AuB AnB
~. h5tuJffiG~tu~J1Lffl'e12ntlru~2wb '1
w
2. runnn:rl
s n
I
&~tni:ltlfdrult A, B Sb C t~Ql2
n. An (B n C) == (An B) n C
2. Au (B u C) = (Au B) u C
30
PROEUS DARA
fi.
r.zl B n C rz:J AnB
~An (B n C) ~(An B) nC
An (B n C) (AnB)nC
2. ~fdJ~G~fdt:lJlLffl'il~SHhti5gStltl '1
1.1
fi. rnnnn:uiun
9
fi. An(BuC) == (AnB)u(AnC) '1
2. Au(BnC) == (AuB)n(AuC) '1
fi.
An (B u C) (An B) u (A n C)
2. ~ fd t:lJlLm-e1 s [t:!l rugs t1 tl '1

1.1
31
PROEUS DARA
.. n5 ruWhntH1il~s ~51 f1:1 ruR n.n~ n:n nHlin2

l £1g
n.nm f1 rr.nfi '1
"' ~
l I
0 ':I 0 0
.. G8~l1:r151&8n.Hl..fl A ff'li:W:tHl5 n(A) '1
W I 1
~ 0 0 '1:1
"m A ctlft5MHH8
1
B tSH n(A):S:n(B) '1
~ 0 0 ·~
" m A ctl fdrulH:Hh &l.HS I .;
B tS'H n(A) < n(B) '1
9
" wru; fdn ru ?lctl ft5 ru; r; 1:l ru'i::flSlil'lim&p; 1:l ru mr:ns ClJ wt~ wru n'i:H'i ft5 nJl '1
0 0 t:::b 0 OcJ I eJ ~ ~
" hlM~btir:rJm
I ..._,
A= {x!xE A , xE U} '1
.. MM~'Ufdrl
I l.i IJ
AnB = {xE A sb xE B} '1
0 0 0
•fdn.fj1_Y~ AuB={xEA ~xEB}'1
., MMI A sb B ctlhlMthcim
I "'
rug'ifflfn
I l.j
An B == 0 '1
C» ~ 0 0 I I
"m A Sb B ctlfdrulfl'UHfd
I
£S"Hn'JQ18 n(AuB) == n(A)+n(B)-n(AnB) '1
" rung n.n :~ ih r::ls ( DeMorgan ) : A u B == An B , A n B == A u B '1

0
" runn.n:n
g 61
A n ( B n C) = (A n B) n C
I
Au(BuC) == (AuB)uC '1

O<J
" runn.n:m'Un
B
An (B u C) = (An B) u (An C)
Au(BnC) == (AuB)n(AuC) '1
32
PROEUS DARA
ru" ~ n' ~«.'t~'n11~1>'t.W:11~:\ti.\tlitt>M't'l>i'Ut>(IH04'%~4~1rltt\t:&iU\\tWt'M\>'A.'h,\\t>~mJ§iJI¥'~~t'i\~!$t:\t~ti%';JXMJ¥.'"-~11itlilW/4!t8)l1Jl4Wt..'1'$ill'jll;<t;'A~1tw<'AiM!!IIWiG1>~\~"0:.>A\lce1\\\:~~~'UW\;;'%..W./it~~&-~
?1. C= {xjx dlbi'Ul?'iMt~

1 I
3 Sb lS:xS:25} '1
m. D = {xjx dlrt'i..fl?'iMt~ 5 Sb 7S:2xS:31} '1

1 1
n. A= n5ru1~~~?'i~tnHu1d'i:fl~riudlb
I w u
13 '1 (.j-
0 00 l Q 0 0
2. B = MMu~Gli:H'iw~dlG'i 7 uS~titibt?l '1
I w 1..1 u
"'
l=l. C= hlrultSrl'i..fl?JM1d'i:f1Shl
I I 1
3 ttiruriudlb
u (.3-
19 '1
m. D = n5ru1tsb\Ul?Jrults
l 1 I
5 t'r:Hl5tsimmg'f1 4 tl 6\1
ru 26 '1
t?16Jrdrul A= {xjx dl~~S?'i~1l{Jl9'U~~'i:Jl8 t'tlrn x < 15} Sbhlrul B = {x!x tllG~S

2
4.
R~jgngu~dtns
l i..j'
sb (.3-
X dlG'ituntS
1..1
45 } '1
0 1 0 0
?1. nflllriMM1 U = {x/xE A 'i5
"'-
xE B} '1
0 0
5. t?16JMCt.f)Mnru u = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13} '1
Rn.n~ n5 M2lb tim~ fl1~ filJ tDunti t rtim mri

l l..J """' i
:
n. A = {xjx E U Sb X dlr!Ull=lflllt8
I 1
3} '1
2. B = {xjxE u sb X dl~tun!s 60} '1
R. c = {x/xE u sb X thG88'UU~
w
} '1
33
PROEUS DARA
(.: ()~ ~ ~q ~!.4. ~ ~_k

6. t~JHi5bw t
tJ
0
1 A= {xix = 3n+2 , n wiGSSr:lriU'i§wafirifh.Jtw

0
1.1
I
.... u '
1Ht\5
"\0. ....
9} ,;ow
0 I q ~
B = {xjx = 6m-l , m chG88r:lriU1§ct'H'inGchb

1.1 .... u
yt~ 5}
- -·
0 tO ,o ~ Q1
2. nru!n9Sln9sbsnb A sb B tttlrutl_Yhl'.JJl
....,
c '1
7. tr:ll'lHJrulhlnru
U I
U = {x!x chG82r:J~1gng'U~t:i'i:f18ftjru
1.! ti.J" tS-
1 :Sx:S20} '1
n. A= {xjx @sf1§schrJ'Ulr:lrult2 I I
3} '1
2. B = {xjx chrJ'Ulr:lMt8 I I
3} '1
m'libl mm n(A) + n(B) = n( U) '1

1.1 lfl "'
00 c.:»~ 00 ~
u ={a,
C:.':t,
8. '~'i:f18hlN)hlnru b, C, d, e, f, g, h} t'UlrusbhlN]abm A= {a, C, e} sb

B = {b, d, f, h} '1 RM~n5ru1I A sb B ffl'i§nlHQ'Un'thru.mmr;
'-' I
'1 '~ A fim n5ru1 I
9. tr:ll3Jn5ru1 A= {x!l :Sx$5} ' B = {xjCl<x<3} sb c = {x!ixi >2} ftlru X chG~S

R~1ttf1'9ti~s'i:fls '1 Rru~~n5ru1:ntJttm<e :
n. AuB '1
2. BnC '1
r:l. BnC '1
10. tr:ll'lJhlrulhlnru u = {x!x chG~sr:J~11tf1'9ti~S'i:fls} ~:tfirustJn5ru1sbrh

C:.':t, ~ C:.':t, 0 I 'a l.,Q
A= {x!xE U Sb x2':5} Sb B = {xixE U Sb x< 12} '1 nru!n n(A nB) "'w
n(A) '1
11. mmbGssmr~lsfJnil
1.! I I
A , 8 sb A nB tf'rlnb C!
I
0 1 0'1:)
n. nrulnntru x
2. nru!n
0 •
n(A) sb
"'
n(B) '1
34
PROEUS DARA
df!n 9 t'iit{jd 1!1

C);~ 0 0 t:::l. t:)
12. ~l=i'i::flS'i5hlrtflI A, B Sb C ttlru U = AuBuC '1 A B c

mbt3 sU s mnI ~s n5 ru1l ~b mbti &s g tsi nb
"'
tlJlLfil'i:l1s <j
I
0?
n. ti=i6J n(A n B) = n(B n C) m~nntruts " x '1
u
0?
2. ti=i6J n(B n C) = n(A n C) m~nntruts " y <j
u
l=i. m n(U) <J
A B
13. b!=i'i::flS tlJlLfil'i:l1s mb n5ru1ti A, B 8b c <J
m l=itu~mn n5 ru1 tlug"Jb tUfil'i:l:

U U "' I U
u
n. (A nB) n c <J
2. (An B) u C <J
drundrurtJrudruntsinbUtun
"'
8ss
u
70 Slf1crru8n9mdrundruuw:rtusbt3ss
u n ~ u
41 SlR
I I
\1 ru8n9 md rund rumb ?ins g

u n~
<j ~fiGsu SHOd s rtl rucrru8n9
u
md rund rutlunHUl
u n~
g"Jb 'Lm'i:l :
n. gmfnd rund runbuhln <j
~ "'I 1
2. 9£!JrndrundrutunLtun <j
1
35
PROEUS DARA
0 "' 0
£?1!3JtH1SlG 0 2bunf1G E ~rutdJb
o~~~e
t9'ms4trumnci
J ~
t '1 ttit?1@2nciumru
~
u "~i'HIDm21nHmMt2G220£1
0 cJ I ~ eJ
""' u !::2 u
r;n.nr; ow
1
t~mtm-nutuntiSl£1
~
t mnadn
..
0 E
rhmg1?1ti8n.nms4truuSlci
l,.j ~ 1
t t'~ru
1fl2Hbci
n
OE dlbrH'il'itit1b
G 'in~msbG22
l,.j co u , o ~~ 'o o
u " tiSlnGMH?lill GS2bnm
~ 1 u
GSS
u
ffi1j~mJu~u:nbtLf'il1j :
- 8n.nu o 1n{sbG22 o '1
lj
! u
u " 82u slin n.l13• tll ri :n. n 82u s ?1 ci
1?1ti8n.nms4tdn1d1fl2 tU'iru1fl2
l,.j 1 .. (3-
f:i1jm~
.....
8ss?1ci
tl
8ssMsms
1.1
sb
( -s) '1
36
PROEUS DARA
m'eaTIJm~H 13ti8lli]G M tmtru t 1J1~~8bd~2tn~ru1=1~ 'i:fl2srum dlliJG

u
t~Jb~IJ1~~8bd~2[~Jb~ '1 d~2 x ttiruU1~8bdlliJG M tmim ~~Ht1H~ ~2GlliJG

u u
0 '
M '1 tl=lnrul6Ht5Hhl~ M(x) '1
nbnH1fit2g'li21~ t tmithti215'iG22ttlru'i:fl2GMG 0 ctlt:HlH~b E ctlGMG

" .:; u & l l
I
? 0 I ~Cp ~ \;) 0 ·~c:;:p
bnm '1 nHHf;fH2!:8GMG!=lruttu8b
U I --1
0 8bnHHL::iH8!:8GMGbnfflthl8b
U l --1
l '1
1!=1ticissttiruun~m8b1!=1tiun.nmmtruti215'idss
c. \J "' c. 1 & u
tmim u~~nn
1.1
'1 d5tl=ll=ltuti215'i
u &
u
G2u Sctlti215'ittl n &21 gt~n1rl'i:flsun~ tsi:nb N1 sb t~nH1tl'i:fl8
& "' t3-
(.3-
tsi:nb tl:ib
" ., "
'1
u
n. 4 2. -3 1=1. 2X 5 lli. -1 X 5 b. 3 '1

4
S. fflHLU]tnt4JUfi§Sfin
tl=l t tli d 8lJ s1rl'i:fl8 bsi nli'li 21 iidsu 2 n:.tl rud MGctl t1G
(.$- &lJ
2 &mtd" n:!lb M~2R
.,
rn sb &1:1 t tli1
dssH1n'i:flsn:nru8n.nGctlt'~Gsw4tnn:nbtl:ib~st:1rn '1 ttiti=1Stiflrum dssnn h 8mb

1.1 t3- 1 lJ " " 1.1
a 0 b
0 a
a 0
tl=lHlG tty]'li tw]'liG ~ 2n n ffl'tj ruQ M ::nb tLfil'l:J

n. d~:mgl1=1tid~snn a sb b t1=1HlGQls921R9sb~ru~bdtruTJ'l:J921R9sb
I
ab'1
2. (a b<;=:>a-b>O '1
0 a
}-lal-.j
- a 0
37
PROEUS DARA
"'
2!17'i.flHlfll 131 = 3 ' l-31 = 3 ' IOI = 0 '1
n. lSI 2. l-101 ?i. j2 X 5j
(i) Gtmg a~O t?iQ1@ Ia! =a sb -a::;o t@'lg 1-al =-(-a)= a= lal
(ii) 8~mg a< 0 &?iQ1@ lal = -a sb -a> 0 t@'lg 1-al = -a = lal
m"e (i) sb (ii) crtmgLm58~s ~nls a tl=ims 1-al = Ia! '1
C!) ':1 0 1 Q 0 t Q I 0
IN= {1, 2, 3, ,... } '1 dru'Un U
Glbdill?if:liHGlG@Gl?inG'eth61thGGJGl?inG'eth6'1
I !.1 ._, !.1 ._,
'1 ~?i'UG€i2
W w
'<;I ' 0 ' <;I "').o_ e: 0 0

?in-ar:l'i:flGJ I, 2, 3, ... 'i?i'UGGJGJ?inH"dr:l'i:flGJ -1, -2, -3, ... SwhlGJ'imQnQIG:thnHlil
r.s- C. w r.s- utl n 1
'""'
""' '1
?in ~9Jlff15
Uitiu~sttlru'i:flSff'[J~ 7l ttlru m sb n tho~sm\1ij1915 tffiru ni=O t'iSTlm

0 .::::. 0 0~ 0 Ct.
G!HH'l.HHTIS '1 t?i6flb hllliHGlGGlGlhlGl9l Gl tr::ilru ~ '1
1.1 1 !.1
38
PROEUS DARA
cl'
2£n'U7U!..n 1 mtstr:lruffi21_Yt~b~bt~sb 1 ffi2
~'Ut~bHbfiHibtt'dsb
t_; n Li
ti2lfiii22Ql2
& \.1
""u
'1 822
,fi '1 t?iffitHtrlG22
\.1
w
,fi
I
Ji -@2f't12r:hii22tusm2t9 '1
\.1
tsinli
[f]J.
0 1 ,fi
cl' 1
2£n'U7Ulfl 2 S= 0.125
-34 = -1.333 ...

9
= 0.1216216216 ... r:hG229tu.ffl?i~ti fi:lruffi2 216 r:h~ti '1
74 \.1 \.1 \.1
cl' ~ 0 v
ZITltnH2.fl3 -v2 = 1.41421356237 ...... r:hu229hl.ffl?iH22ttlrum2~ti '1
\.1 " .... \.1
n = 3 · 14159 ..... .
o, 3, n, -5, ~, -i, fi,, Jo.16 , J3+l ?
39
PROEUS DARA
n. ffi HHUl S1 fit 8J1ijf ~Hlrtfl stl am ru

a\ll ynrmuisn~snnr~ms y~sJ
0
@)~t5~e
.. ro~ru 2tatyJuwJmH8J1'1:3~f15
flH~~8~88~?11d'tr18
tJ (.j-
15ft58~
u eJ
"'-
~slJ sn& rum

c:;
'1 tl:'lml:mMrm~1d'tr18 ~s
"\!) (3-
a nn ru
1
Ja 2bUhlfilt~H1d'tr18~8 a ti::ilru -Ja '1

"' (.j-
.. M'[YrurH2J1'1:3~Mfiltanu:hs '1
tJ
2 91tfJ Ulfl"' 1
-J4 = -2 '1
J6 = 0 '1
2~ b>O
0 ""
mmg.a>.O.
(i) Ja X Jb = JaP , (ii) ~ =~

(iii) J2i = a,Jb
40
PROEUS DARA
Zfl7f.fliM2 t:HLflSl Ji6, Jlox/45, Jo · 03,--;;
ru@w 5o = J2 2 x s = J2i x J5 = 2,/5

""
Z fl7 f.fl Ulfl" 3 f:HLfl Sl n t SJ113 :n tHLffl'B :
fl. Jl2- J27 +A
tJt@w fi. Jl2-J27+ ~ 2

= J2 x3-J3 X3+
2
(i
"" ~4 ~22
= 2/3- 3/3 + J3
2
= J3
2
-J3 = - J3
2
3. (2Ji+5/3)(3Ji-J3) = (2Ji+5/3)x3Ji+(2/i+5/3)x(-/3)
= 12+15J6-2J6-15 = -3+13J6
"" ""
i~~~~ 2 fJH'ifLf!SlfitSJ1'B:r!iHLffl"B :
fi. J8 - Jl8 + Ji2 3. Ji6-3Ji-~+J56

f:'i. (/3- Ji)z lli. (3Ji + /3)(2/3- Ji) '1
• ttnJmnJuyrumnisnBsl~msfft
thmgGSS~d'i::flS
IJ t:S-
a Sb b tf:'i(flS :
a<b<;::?a-b<O (1)
ffi'B (1) tf:'i(flS : a 0
a<b<;::?Ja<Jb
41
PROEUS DARA
"'
ZFTlifiUU14 ttY]mcrJti 1+ J3 sb J7 '1
tJcgw..,
n:h ru8 2IJ 2 ilb ri~thG sIJ s1 d'i:fls
"'
t mgtf.l~twtilmcr'"~m'i~'l:3m fdta til rut rurmb
VJ u G\1 A
9lb rum Fm~

0 ""'
ttn ru tf.lf.l n.nm r:l rnti n
""
:
2 2
(1 + ./3) _ (./7) = (4 + 2./3) -7 == 2./3-3 = JU-J9 > o 'Lmg JU > J9
2
tf.ltilS : (1 + ./3) > (J7/
"" "" 3
~~iHS~ tty]mt{Jti
n. 2./7 sb 3./3
tm-nm5 t~bi_Y.fflf.ltti OJ'i:fl2.fflf.lttib th h~ nHli nrlthL'U.fflf.l ttl rn [JS·n~ mru tsimf.l

t'Ub '1
"'
2FTlifiUU11
- 1
n. JU
;:,.
fJ C'f!'lJJ'-
n. \~r~ = - 1- (mmm8ss28rih~mru)
JU "' J2 2 X 3 2./3 <>....., IJ GV
= J3 , (f.lrutnilbri~~smmf.lsb'h~mrutsimf.lfub)
2(./3f I IJ l_)
_l_=J3 '1
JU6
- (/5/ + JsJ2
- (/5/- (J2)2
Js = 5+Jl6 '1
Js-J2 3
42
PROEUS DARA
"'
t,~~HS~
"' 1 0 IH t:::J f ~ eJ
tiQinfl~ filC1Hlffi~m-!HS1.Yffi~2l·l:HLll11:3 :
\;)
~
n. J28
1 ::3. J3 ~. J3 + J5 '1
J3+J2 J3 J5
fi. mtruununtBJitrti:Hutns11smrnfinn8
u
2
tttlru cJ3 + ,f2) = 3 + 2,/3X2 + 2 = 5 + 2J6
j5 + 2J6 Hluuttib tiu2lb tUll11:3 :

"" u
2
j5 + 2J6 = JcJ3 + J2) = J3 + J2 '1
t~t'Uli mdli t1Zh ttiti &s g t'Uli m nu MU3 runt aJl~&'~:~ ru'i:lla 'h~ nu1.Hhm a'1
1.1
ct 0 ,o ~ ~ eJ t:::p c;:,.
~fl7ff7!M 1 nn.flnGSSI:ln a sb b ttH15 a>b tttlrui::Jbm a+b = 7 Sb ab = 10 '1
lJ
ML'i:HlintSjl'\:3 j7 + 2J16 '1

lJ
tm:ns a+ b = 7 = 5 + 2 }
tSlg a =5 , b =2
ab = 10 = 5 x 2
t~QIS J7+2fi6 = J5+2+2J5x2 = JJ5 2 +Ji 2 +2x J5x,J2

= JcJS + J2)2 = Js + J2 '1
1:1msz
u
J7+ 2J16 = J5 + J2 '1
~fTimuu/2 MTIHlintSJll:3 Js- zJ15

w
a+b=8=5+31
run l &Slg a = 5 , b = 3
ab = 15 = 5 x 3 J
t~ms Js-z,Jl5 = Js+3-2JSX3 = JJ5

2 2
+J3 +(-2)x JSxJ3
= JcJs-J3)2 = Js-J3
1:1msz
u
Js -2Ji3 = Js- J3 '1
"' "'
t,~Gi~~ MDHlint8Jll:32li:HLll11:3 :
w
43
PROEUS DARA
fl.
dhwfj tiH ?H 1i5 Li:fl13 ttl 2tl Li:flm ~ tl il tl

tllittl13";nti8ss
~ u
'1 trlbtH?1-@smunti8ssftlrn
u ' o, t ' ' ,'1::1 t}
e nrulnm.s.s fMrm rul tS'iti r1 s

u ~ u "'
tmru 10 2htyn~tmru 2
"' MHM~9L13cin~n
':1 0 '' ()
t:su~sQbtyn ~ ~mrn
Mgf 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 Sb &&152 9 '1 I
10 <Sb tmru 2
wru1ts tru2 mtl ts8 t?1turlm 'iun
I U ~umliunru
~ 0 eJ '0 ,'(}
"'mutlussnb'i.'iuns~mru- 2 t94
10 HHllimtmrudsm~ U1ru1 sbruntfllt;ti "" u ~1 L "'
"0 ~ u
u m8ss.nbmnstmru
u "' 10 sb
unnitsiH~um13aru:dsm~m·hti '1 u c;
l
ct Ql ,o
LffiM13n~(Q
291f.f7!M 1 MJli:flShlJHlltiuSS
1 n G u
n = 147
" I ~ f ~ 0
Lmti t'Ul ru 21 bub1_?n ~~Lff1tl9l b t 21 glrl ru
nhdci
~
m'i:3dun s tlu:nb
u
t'ifn'iHS
G
g :
I
2lht_gn~Junti 10 qrn
<! "'
" duns9 1 : • Llin~tmru 10 M~MJS
ntlrH1nu'Jms8ss
"' u u
14 oci stlMru "'tyil~tmru 2. 9L13cin~n '1
l
7 Lmlinru '1
• dtms9 2: SlbiunGcihl~ifnlinu'JGSS
LJ n G u u
10 ociuruntldci~13ru
u ~ u
2ltlQlSGci~ 1
l
cici~u 4 sb 1 Lmlinru '1
1 oci~ + 4 ocinu + 7 Lmlinru

f
44
n = 147
i:3li
+
1 X 10
= 1 X 10
2
'
2
+
+
v
4 x10
4 x10
+
+
t
7
7
PROEUS DARA
QbU5~~tmru w tR<@smmcifDHnJHu~fDJS 10 &9 <J

1
tRHluMHM~ 1471:Ju ~ 147 10 ttrlruirlliHh 147
fio..nilMHfD~ 147 = 1 x l0 +4x 10+7

2
tUlidl9~1:3ciL1Sln~suss
L) lJ
147 nb1li~s
etl_;a:;!
GV
1
~mthmru 10 <J
n = abcd 10 = axlO 3
+bXlO +cxlO+d
2
cl
2ETIU7Ul./1 2 n. 1234 = 1000+200+30+4
2. 27003 = 20000 + 7000 + 3

= 2xl04 +7xl0 3 +3 (m9~1:3cirlmn(suss
t_; .., u 27003) <J
uu]fJtf.fTicres
~'U'tfldltR'l:llSGSS
lJ
341 213 679 821 ~SlHRffitHUlitrlim2ciS1:3li5']1:1u2lbtUn11:3
.... .::; 1.1 u
3 4 1 2 3 6 7 9 8 2 1
t t t t t t t t t t t t
([J::J. ([J::J.
([J::J. ([J::J.
tc tc tc tc
~ ([J::J. CJl CJI
-oo OI -oo B B
CJI
-u::o- E B -~
';)3.
tc ~ 2 -u::o- E
-~
';)3, c:;
-~ """
"'
~~a~~
"'
1. fDHfD~9~1:3ciLlmfi2liHUfil1:3tsgmussnbm~s~mtitmru
l.) GV UctWa3
10:
I
n. 3 X 106 + 5 X 104 + 7 X 10
8
ill. l X 10 9 + 2 X 10 + 5 X 10 5 + 9 X 10 <J
45
PROEUS DARA
n. 123 345 456 2. 987 098 678 002
fi. 987 654 321 001 'li5. 100 700 800 123 '1
2sr?1.f1iM ~m't:ll2~o8~2 n = 13 t~13 '1 SlbucidJti~utnfiQbtYHthn13dtm2~\1t15'J

I
• duna&11 : SlbdJti~or:nfiQbLtim5~u'J ~tlrn

1
QbL'i5Htl~\1ti51't:ll2~ti 2 ~~13 '1 SlbQlS 2 tYHtl

1
1::::1 t$ 0
nti 2bturntiudlt15 1 '1 ( tlmti21bn.n )

u u u "
., duna93 : SlbrunL'i5Htl13wJ13 2 tYHlitnfitlhL'UHtlG 1 '1 Slbms 1 L15Hti8

l
• • lmJ r\Yr" 1
~
L'UH'Uw
~
' 0
+ l
t t
L'i5Htl13GJ13
+
1
+ l &~13dlt15
3 2
1 X 2 + 1 X 2 + 0 X i +1
""' t15
t'UI 11
3
= 1X2 + 1X2 +0 X2 + 1
2
m9L13t'Hl
' "
[Jnt:2 n QbtY~ ~~mti~mrn 2
~1\1//
l
46
PROEUS DARA
......
'
n = abcd2 = ax 2 + b x 2 + c x 2 + d
3 2 ' ' ,','.!
..
ZEnf.f?HUJ" 2 0101010 2 = 1010102 '1
fi. 100101102 3. 101110002 ?1. 111000111 2 '115. 10101100112 '1
A. mnHuwdssnwuunsn:mhmru 2 twtmdssnwuunstmthmru 1o
ol Uc:t It" Uc:t It"
I I
t:l 0 ef 0 0 () I
ZEn'i.f?Ulil m~bn~s 1oouo2 tsr1dln~sQbl.Y!:l~~mmmru 10 '1

1
5 4 2
t?lQIS ; 100110 2 = 1 X 2 + 0 X 2 + 0 Xi+ 1 X 2 + 1 Xi+ 0
= 32+0+0+4+2+0 = 38 t:Jmsg 100110 2 = 38 '1

u
fi. 100101102 3. 101110002 ?1. 111000111 2 '115. 10101100112 'i
m. mnHuwdssnwtunstmthmrn
u c:t u ol
10 t9imdssuunstmthmrn z
u "' i"
I
ZEn'i.f?Um tit'UbGSS n = 21
GV \J
nb~'U~s~mutmru
" W (/)
10 tsr1dlGSSnb~'U~s~mutmru
\J W (/) <G
2
1 1
"" "' 0
t?l 'lY t mruma1..n ~n r=m o 'U'Uu cn fiQb1YHms 2 Vl'Ul H\..ll3lb t ru tt:l~ 'i
Pl t •? cl ~el
"difflsg 1: t?ltun 21 sb 2: 21 = 2xl0+! (QIS 101Ym5~n SbnJru
d1tl5l)'i
"Oiff'lsg2: tr:1tun 10 sb 2: 10 = 2x5+0 (QIS51.YHU13GJ't3 SbnJru 0
1YHU~u) 'i
.. r:Jiff'lsgJ: t?lrnns sb2: 5=2x2+1 (ms21YHtinsbnJrul1YH'l.5
'HGJ'H) '1
47
PROEUS DARA
1:?\QlS n = 21 = 2 X 10 + 1 = 2(2 X 5 + 0) + 1
4 3
= 1 X 2 + 0 X 2 + 1 Xi+ 0 X 2 + 1
n = 10101 2 '1
21 l1_
l 10
l1_
0 5
tir:w:=J g n = 21 = 101012 '1

lillllt
u
n. 33 2. 123 ?\. 317 '1
f:iill
~dnH~tl'tlls
"' (.9-
l
~--~.r-------_J·~------,
Ia! = a ttl a 2:: 0
led = -a m"" a< 0

4R
PROEUS DARA
0 0 0 1 ~
'" ti.Hl.IlGSS!:ln131:Htln
I IJ __,
N = { 1 , 2 , ... } '1
0 0 0 I dl <::!\1
'" ft.HWlGSS!:ln
I IJ
HHl9'U
I '!.J"
'£' = {... , -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ... } '1
l 0
u~s~o
• t:P
1•nou
t::::,J
l0
dss?J~1~tn9'U~t:H:f1S:
w 1 w· C!T
1, 2, 3, ...
~·•~
0 •c:P ~ ~
GSS!:ln ~9f19'UH~J:l1:f!S: -1, -2, -3.
w , w· C!T
4
\l s '" s !l sw 'lonliu
w·1 8' -3,
dssHtu2£ns:
IJ
12, -J3, n, ...
I \:) 0 (!) I
'"9'i'i:3t\r:U:rtntSGSSn~'i'UrlSHfl'UtFilb15 10 1:f!Sd1~:
~ N w ~ G ~
l
abcd 10 = axlO 3 +bXlO-+cXlO+d

'
'1
.. gm~nmntsdssn~'iuns~mtitmru
t_; UctGt:JJ
2 1:f!Sn~:
€1.1
I
abcd 2 = a X2 3 2
+ b X 2 + c X 2 + d '1
=ru 0 '
~ 2i' lhl~"l1\WC't;;,\t~'l!A\)lt;.#!i%.%''~MM\!)i,)Dt~~~ffiMM®'<i!Wttwi~~~<.~W.~tll.;\1!;$,U,%JWhlh;,-J£_\,~;\.l$J0,.'0(,~>\1<llh{W~J't,'lfu%l~\1:'AA\Aiii'Jl,J,.)~~~==z.ntr:e:=
1. tHTnRnt'l:3tsdssnn
(l- W
x ttntm'ititub11l~tu'l:3mrHtnrut3~m
GV t_; ~
x
~ru2 ri~2i:i mrurun ~l!'ihlHtun'lmds s g tuml=l '1

"' IJ
2. l=lMmntSJl'i:3 J48- Ji7 + ~ '1

2 ,y 12
3. jnf1[~&smsJl'i:3Zl~'un'i:3 dtmg x = J7-Js s~

1 "'
y = fi+Js
1
y X
n. x+ y 2. xy lli. - +- 'i
X y
4. n. ML'i:3run&SJl'i:3 (1+12+./3)(1+12-./3) 'i
w
49
PROEUS DARA
n. 123 2. 4321 !:1. 65432 ill. 123456 '1
7 6 4 3 2
2. (8 X 10 ) + (7 X 10 ) + (6 X 10 ) + (5 X 10 ) + (4 X 10 ) + 3 '1
3 2 4 3 2
!:1. [(3x10 )+(2x10 )+1]+[(4xl0 )+(lx10 )+(lx10 )+(4xl0 1 )+3] '1
7. tit15~8ss:n~~UFn'i:H94m8ssn~'i15nstmru
GV 1J IJctl_;
10 : Q0
I
2. 1000012 '1
~- 100110012 ill. 1010100112 '1
n. 19 2. 123 ~- 1234 ill. 12345 '1
2. p vq '1
2. tR"tfl2MWD" d5FilHi5'i:flM&BFilH15nhmmsrugnmru
.n .p ct ., >l
t2lgHn~~Ql8FilJirJHB"
" ./)
'1
tti h5sdlHnms M'i:flM

ct dl
s~ms Fil~irlHB4 t~HnMS
ct
tllsm Fila M'i:f1Mmn5Hnms
ctc:t dl ct
mgn
cP
ru
3. t~6JMrulftflnbl5 U = {xjx dlG~8~~1tJ~'915~~'i:f12tt:Jru I::;x::;20} '1
n. Rru1 ~ ti5 n.ll ~~ :n~ tUFn1H'n"e FilHaQ15 nthm.ng mG'i

I ._.. I
A= {xjx dlfl'i.fl~rul~2
I I
2}
B = {xjx dlritnl!'lrul~2
I I
3}
50
PROEUS DARA
C = {xjx dlrJ'Ul?H1.1l~S
1 l
6} '1
0 0 0 l ~e) t!:\ 0 0 C)l
5. t?'ii3HtHl.fHt.llnru
tJ 1
u= {xjx dlus 2?'i&'\G'i:ld16Ht:j ru 3::; x::; 20} siHuMHHH
1.1 "' 1
A == {xjx dlrh~1.1 S?'i&hnHu } Sb B = {xjx dlGS1.1 2'i.5U'i:l} '1
2. Rbl.fl~Mrul C = {xjxE A Sb xE B} Sb D = {xjxE A~ xE B} ffi'i:lfflHU'i.5
ntitmmm&'l '1 tfit?'iffiutflrmbrunthm&Mrul c sb B Mrul D sb A ?

"' l l l
0
"' ""'""' p sb q t ~
6. inrun2Mt2MtMm l5j 6J n5 t ru1 m'i5 n ~ ru1 s~ ru 1:n t~ tLffl'i:l
B la
n. (p sb q) ""rl&'l 2. 'i5"" s (p ~ q) "'rl &'\ '1
?'i. (p sb q) "" ""

'i5Srl&'l lli. {§ 2 (p ~ q) "" ""rl&'l '1
'i5S
n. (p v q) A (pAr) 2. (r v p) v q ?1. (pvq)v(rvq) lli.(rvq)A(rvp) '1

cf ? 0 0
8. in~ 9l'l.fl sM ~rut 2 H M gH run b ::n tl 'Lffl'i5
l
') Ql 0
= x--27x+k
I "":)
n. f(x) , kE &' , f(x) = 0 'i::llSYM'i.5G&m&(3'i.5&1f:'i;! k '1

C) I Cp 0 I ";)
2. J(n) = (n + l)(n + 2)(n + 3) bGnthusb 12 mmgL?'iti&H'i;! n '1
9. t?1f3JMrul G = {xjx dlG~S?'i~1ftJ1'9'i.5~R'i::llStt:jru 3x<5 -~ 5<x:58} SbMrul
P = {xlx dlGSS?'i~''h 1 f1'9'i.5~d'i:::flS~t:jru 1053x524} '1

1.1 1 it.!. (.l-
0 0 0 lc:b ~ ~ 2
10. t?1f3JMru;n.nnru U = {xlx dlu~S?'i&'l iftJ19'i.5Sb 35x:58} '1 A= {x!lO<x :525}
stl B = {xj8x-9>30} dlMrulib~s u '1
51
PROEUS DARA
11. ffl1H11Humn.miH~dGa1ss 145 mfi cns13~tlbm ffi2H~Hh:ISGS2 90 mfisrurh;9m

dl IJ tl IJ u " ""'
0 I Qil!:l q0 1 q~ 0 C:.
ffiJ GSS 50 SlnGillGfi9mt21 SbG2S 41 SlnGillGfi9m9lbffi~ 2bt:n '1
IJ u """' IJ u """'
0 ~ ~ c:, eJ
12. t?ii3JGTISt16l'i3Sf1JSJ a sb b tt:!rn A = ab , B = /ab/ , C = /al/b/ , D = -ab '1
~0 I 0 ~ ~ c:::::t;
14. tt:JlliH~1Hd rt li5'iHTn n ffl'tHtH M tH15 t1 f1l ~ t1 fi 'i5 in m til

lJ (3- ~
I
lfl"
1
n. x + :;: > 2 G rm g
0
Elli '
x > 1 '1
0 •cV ~ ~ eJ 2
A. RJSGSS?ifi
... u
~gng15
, u·
p Sb q tt:!ru p 2
q =2 '1
15. AMS10ill'i5n
u
Sbdrut:!nlSG22nbmilstmru
u .. t..;.,
2 1:!G2'"Jbt'ifil'e
u LJ
I
2. 10112 + 1012 '1
A. 11001 2 - 1001 2 '1

Ql eJ I 0 C!»
16. ~ABC dl1J1tf11MtnbL£1hn~ru B ttflli5
ffi2idb
lJ
AB = 1 '1 D dlGMG'eiDtsitru
I IJ
I
1_EJb BC tt:iru AD= CD= 2 '1 B D 2 c

I
mtyt1b1_EJb AC '1
I
52
PROEUS DARA
Blaise Pascall623- 1662
4 (flS t!::IH15 1 + 3
1
6 msn:hru 3+3
1Jl t ffl llil Pascal trl ruuu 1:15 t3J ~ R'G b

lJ
m 1 2 1
.., 1 3 3 1
~'BR'llilt9WlbS (a+b)"
I ~
1 4 6 4 1
1 5 10 10 5
(a+ b)
4
= a4 + 4a 3 b + 6a 22 3
b + 4ab + b
4
53
PROEUS DARA
n. ilnm
tth?i~M 4 abtUt~b~b X &'1§~ tsmmms

I
4x f1§~ ttHl5thU1'l:fJL~tSC1JSt1JlHSlg <J
rHSJIY 4x , 2 , a , -3b , J3Y , ~x 2

t~ruLU'i:flllillthru~HO~'i:flSt~'lcr~M stl
" nmm
Mtll?lllil
~ 1
r~ ru'i:fls S9 t'U'iSthGS
\:tn u
S?l~ltl'i:flS
1:3-
I
...
~W~~W
" bntn ~ctllitSJIYftl ruLli'i:flM~crr;ruHtO~'i:flStn~cr~n.n
stlfi5rul!'lo.Jl
~ 1
tC:Jru'i:flSS9tU'isctl8ss?J~ld'i:fls
\:tn u 1:3-
u"'- tUS'i
u tJ
<J
54
PROEUS DARA
?1. 6'1.11 -5
t:lnm 1-HOl t'iHHlJl

l
2y
Jixi
4 2
--abc
5
m?'il fl.fl -2 '1
flbSJl13 3bx y
2
r::hbnmtns~~nHtG~ biy (HtG~ b 'X sb y) sbm9fl.Jl 3 '1
tlnmmbri~:nbathsgtns~tlnHtd~ bx 2 y tltHntUTlm tlnmf:jtHn '1

"' u "' u c:;
.. ,,
biifnf:jOffi ~r::hbnmftlru'i:nS~rlnRtrl~l:H:H'il '1

u c:; . ' '"" '. u "'.
~ _::c
~fTiif7UI.fl"' 2 ""
n. ntSJ113 -2xyl sb 1xyz 2 ctlbnm~u~ ""'
mLmgi:Jnmmbr:u 'i:nSt~n 0 "" "
2
Htd~ xyz
2
tlum
u ..
'1
2. ntSJ113 3xyz 'i:SlSt~nHtGa

"
xyz Sw -xyz"0
"'-"' "~ ~ xyz"0 '1
'i:SlSt~nHtu~
tlnmmi::l riuhbnm@s tlumt9 ri tUmgtJnmmi::l ri~'Hls ft:~ nHtd~@s

u "" ""
tlmn '1
u "'
"" ""
,:;~~HS~ mt~n nH1 tUbnm~tl rutlu?ilnbbnm:ni:ltHn'e
J.; ""' u l.) u """'1 l.)
2xy , -3x y
2
, - ~yx /5yx
2
, ay , 4ax '1
55
PROEUS DARA
~ Cl ':> Q)~
- tlnm -2x 1:fl2r:HEil 'Lmzs9n5J~I:S~HG~ x ~~sb 1
tlnm 3xy 1:fl2~tLn 2 'Lmzr:lru\1nS9hlJ~tS~Ht3a X sb y 'fi 1 +I = 2

- tlnm ax2y 1:flS~tLn4 'Lmgflru\1nS9hlJ~tS~Ht3~ a, X sb y 'fi 1+2+1 = 4
2 fTI f.fl UU7"' 2
tlnm Htt3~ C'iHHl.J)

l ~'Ln
-l0ab 2c a, b sb c -10 1+2+1=4
1 2 3
- -abx y z a, b, x, y sb z -
1
- 1+1+2+3+1 = 8
2 2
"" ""
iiS~t?~ ~n5tnQJm~n.n 2b~tLntstlnmt!bmnb2lbtLf11'jj
I
tlnm HCG~ t'jj?Jn.fl

l
~~Ln
1
X
2x
-4ax /z
2
a, x, y st~ z
l0ax
2
/i a, x, y sb z
5 2
,Jibc d b, c sb d
~mn5 thm gimmff:l ru1:flSH?ijH@ s 1:flsnw1l~ gttl ~:liJ n1t"~ n.JH?ij~~ ru8 ~ sdlH't3~
ttfi 115 fr:l nti:J ru tsi hl rum t'jj?Jn.fl &so nm' Sl g '1
q I
ct
22fTif.fliM 3 -·lOax
56
PROEUS DARA
3. u.rmnnifinffnnm
iuun 8nwnilnm
l/
2 3 1+2+3 = 6
1!:-J
X
do j~
m1 eJ Q}
----x
C» v "?
(fu9 2 ) ?lff1~~~2ti~tnHl.Jl~nbS~ti51 QhJti9 1 ti:Hl5'H!St~lj1!{fl6x '1 ~msg
1 1
jjmtin~r:l~n9n~smHff1Mtnbnbm9
IJ ,::(,..:, i.J' I c; IJ
1 n\Hjjifi9fltif!tff1bl.Jltnbnb~ti9
..; ,,d,j i.J' 1 c; U
2 '1
1 1
t?ltf\S x+2x+3x = (1 +2+3)x = 6x
n. 4x-2x = (4-2)x
= 2x
2 2 2
2. x + 3x = ( 1 + 3 )x
t~'eJfi fl.flSlr:l b151Jn y_d rul:l ntshnm~ti~t~U'iftq1yl:flM

·U
1utintit:ln
U ""-
t61tr:lnt-el=lbl.Jl
c; I
~t~rufi'fugtf~f:in.n~&tor'i~ud~.,
1.1 · . .,; . 1. c;
2 2 2 2 2
10xy+5xy-xy = (10+5-l)xy = 14xy
fi. 5x + 7x+ X
11 1? 22
fi. 8x"y"z+ 13x·y·z-x y z
57
PROEUS DARA
0 ""'
H1Jn
m n m+n
(1) a a =a
(2)
(3)
m
a m-n ""
(4) --;;=a (m a;tO)
a
cl' 3x
Zf17117iM 1 Huggf)'ijtJ5&JbdlG6'it;filrultnb
li IJ I
C) ~ ~ ~
2 2 2
X X X
bi:Hl5'i:fl2'd'tll1Jl 2x sb 3x '1 ~~rHt?lQl2C~LnfU1
2x
G2Lft5gSln~sgdldru~Mn'lb 2x Sb 3x fl X
2
X
2
X
2
(2x)(3x) = (2)(x)(3)(x)
= (2)(3)(x)(x)
2 f17117 i M "' 2 ?1 rul2l
2 rr 7 3
n. (!xl(-3x ) 2. (,_;Sx-y )(4xy)
2 )
(J5//)(4xy) = 4J5i/
58
PROEUS DARA
"" ""
~~~~~ fi rul Sl
n. (l0ab)(a 2 b 2 ) 2.
fi. (- ~ abc 2)(-· 31) c(bc 0 0-

ti5. ( Js2 X 3J 5Z7) (--v3xyz)
r;:;
1tmjmmm
3x t~&Htfim~~l§f{Jl~f~fs~ 1si t~nmn '1 ttlij'J~nmruJ1li5&fiU1~t~18tun

u
2
15x 3X 5X X X X
3x --- xx = Sx
mNnm!sGn!:mMtn~tt\58~
6'l I ._.
sx tii"n '1
ttlij'Jtunbnms~bnm tfiLn~ f>J~ !:MH'flfili5n s~mfi

lJ
nfil
6'l
ttfi li5 tun tt3fiI rul s~ mfiI rul fd mHO ssb~HG~ '1
C'i
:unffi:M"' 2
2
l0ab = 2 X 5 X a X b X b = 2 [;
Sab
0 ?
2lTl'U/3M"' 3 1':1 rul Sl _ 7 x·yz·

4xyz
_ 7x y/
2
7
4xyz
~~~~~
""' ""' ?lrulSl
3
2.
z
m.
59
PROEUS DARA
n G8Jl'H 'I
~.
- sx = + Sb --Sx
sh --Sx 51 '1
1.1
m £5 sbnm2l
- bn (ijg)
w
bnm'i
m Glffi'i
f)
r:n n5'i::ll fl
w
m m'i
3 2. 3 r:Jl&Glm
iJ
:cl. - + 3_~:-5 m
x sh -2
+ 3y + 20
PROEUS DARA
l ' ' 2
2.- ::;- +).1."' li5. 2£ + Sx
.H
b. 1112 +5 4 1
G. 12./ &:J. 8x - 2x + - d. 2x
11!2- 4 X
n. Sx + 3 ~ '"
'Bl8wG'0~fi.H8 "" l
x U\1
-·
2
2. x --3x+2 'BlS~ttn2f,Hs
) &1
"" 2
x bf\5
....
0
~ "" 3 mmaHd~
rl. - + 'BlS w bLn~ r15
'
bf\5
.... X £b y
n. rltflm-
1
3x+ 2
nrnm
l
H ~ 'fj t D'tH'fi1:Hli f:ll th R8 t D'tH'fl'tHlJ f:ll thp
2
x + 2- 4x X
3 2 2
t + 3bt- 2b t + t
-
1 ' 1 4
2/llY-- 3 +IllY+ 3 _v
I ·~·-·
61
PROEUS DARA
., 2
afl7'i17!M 1 tj:j6Jl:ltfjl:n A= 2x +4x-2
Sb B = 4x2 - 3x 8 '1 j:j M Sl A + B
A+B = (2x 2 +4x-2)+(4x 2 -3x-8)

2 2
= (2x +4x )+(4x-3x)+(-2-8)
(tinbnmtlGm)
u u ..
'lin
U
l::in RM
1
.bnm· nmm
I
= 6x 2 + x-10
.,
afl7'i17iM 2 tR6J!:1Up:n M = -3i+x-5
Sb N = 7x 2 -3x+ 1 RMSl M-N
2
= - 10x + 4x- 6
.,. .,.
i_~~·n;~ 1 RMSl M + N Sb M- N
n. M = x2 - 3x + 5
2. M = 2x + y + 10
2 ""!..
E:lw N = x 2 -lOy+ 20
R. M = ~ x2 - 6x + 7
.,
afl7'l17iM3 ~RGJ!:ltfJWlA=x-3x,+5x-3
4 ' 2 ""!..- 4 2 4
SwntSJ1'i:3B=2x-3x+ x+l '1
RMSl A+B Sb A-B '1

62
PROEUS DARA
f.JtHtiJ ?H1.fl Sl A+ B
""
4
+ ) 2x
l=H1.fl Sl A - B
"" ""
i~(;i~~2 ffl13Hti]li~ti21i'j&ru f:iililSl A+B Sb A-B
R. A = x3 + 2
f:i. A = x 3 + 3x2 y + lOxy- 4 "'...

Sw B = x 3 - 3xy
i~~~~ 3 L~tfnilil1jli5ffiStyt~b~bf?i 2x + y ' 3x + 7y si'j 4x- y 'i f:iMSlli1ffi1Ji~S

1
cl
2 91 'U7 Hlfl 1 ltlb~s~13runbm1t
.; u 1.1 I
mM fnb f~ 'tHflS sl s2
Q ~~~ 0
1ffi1Ji 2x + 3 sb x ?1ntht13n ~tiRbm21bM 'i
u "'I u £1 2
X 2x 3x
mb s
':1 "";)
thtti(J1~tsltli'j?'is~
.; .; u
0 0
I I
2x 3
tSlHf:i(flS : S = x(2x + 3) 'i
13Jbt9JnTb~~r;sg~n:tlruti~&fnililfnb~~ ft1ruffis~~(J1~f?i sl sb Sz tDi'j~"j

I
2
x(2x+ 3) = 2x + 3x
t:::::__j
ru2druli~13th&Lhlti '1
1.1
tlmsg
u
tf:iQIS S = x(2x + 3) = 2/ + 3x
63
PROEUS DARA
X X
G1:Hl5t-fl2~t-fllj12x+ 1 sb x+2 ~61mf~o '1

2 2
tfiwJ2 ~~Lnf{Jlt2G£? rmn.n Gnb ?f
ctl9lJ t91 t~"H~fi

iJ l
n.n nmmsb
l
nmI m~fi run61s"H
!.1 lJ
ru1 ~2 nml m'9t3ru
!.1
fiMH1lint2tl'lflm'9rla
l c. !.! l
wtnb"Hrngl]rn
!.! t_; "'
'i
!.1
+xy-3/
= 8x 5 +
""
l:,i5~H3~
"" 1 fiMm
n. (2ab )( -3a b
2 2
/ 2. (-X+ J + 3) fi. 3
(x + xy- 4/)(x + y)
ruDw ffi~iJb £fi1j11£Utitl'Ulffifil"HOhtn5~cLnqg ~cfis

u
x 3 - 6x + 1
x ) 2x- 3
+ ) +18x --3
--- -6x+l)(2x)
-6x+ 1)(-3)
2x4 - 3xo-
-
12x·' + 20x- 3
2
n. (2x -4x+l)(3x-4) 2. ec/-3a+5)(r/+4a-3)
2
fi. 3x + / -1)(2 + x-5x ) li5. +3)(2x-x 3 -l)
64
PROEUS DARA
fi. b
+ l"'th!:~U1f{Jlff'ltHi::lru"tfl8~
"" " b
PROEUS DARA
-- 2ab + t/
(a~b)
2
= (a-b)(a-b)
)
(x-Ir = x 2 -2·x·l+l- ?
= - 2x + 1
""' §""' 2
ai'HS hl [161 fH SJl'e 2l i:HLAl'e
n. (x-5) 2 2. Gx-
- nmn- (a+b)(a-b) a b
""'
dj a Sb b 1ti'i::flS ttfl li5 a> b 'i [:JGnbJu b
tS- lJ "'
l
u
a
2lbtJ1,sg
n
'?lmshHnsncr61tfilnJ!
~~ ~· 1
rdn
"'
u
""
t.Hi?i'(a-t-b)(a-b) 'i
-ejlb wJ61 &q~tp[:j ftl rutsg ~~sb + -ab b

2
= + ab- ab- b
2
(a( a+ b) ctl ~~Lntpu~'AlMtnb i1
l:jjj[Sg t?l(f!S (a+b)(a-b) =

u
9
u
(3)
66
PROEUS DARA
2ElltniM" 1 rl~G'i (x+3)(x-3)
(x+ 3)(x- 3) = x2 - 3
2
2
rJt'fftJJ
"" ( 1 x + 3y)( 1 x- 3y)
2 2 = ( 2l x) - (3y) 2 = 41x 2 - 9y 2
""' ~""' 3
i$:S iH5 rl ~ n n r: SJl'H 21 b q_fil'H
(~x- 2 5 + :21:)
:1:)(~x
n. (x-5)(x+5) ?1 . 5
(a+b+cf
?
= ((a+b)+c) 2
2 2
= (a+b) +2c(a+b)+c
= a 2 + 2ab + b 2 + 2ac + 2bc + c 2

2 2 2
= a + b + c + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac
(4)
rl~G'in!:SJl'H (x+y+2t
?
= x 2 +y2 +2xy+4x+4y+4
2
?1. ( 1x 2 + 3y + 3 z)
2 2 2 2
n. (3 +a+ 2b ) 2. (x + y + z)
2 4
3 2
(a+b) = (a+b)(a+b) = (a+b)(a 2 +2ab+b 2 )
(5)
. 3
rl~G'i (x+ 1)
3 3 ?
(x+ 1) = x +3x"+3x+ 1
67
PROEUS DARA
... ""
i~iiHS~ 1 n~ nnt SJl"e2liHLfll-e :
l
n. (x + 5)
3
2. (x+3y)
3
fi. (2x+5y)
3
lit +yr
- nmn (a-b)
3
""
3 2
(a-b) = (a-b)(a-b)
2
= (a-b)(c/-2ab+b )
3 2 2 2 2 3
= a - 2a b + ab - a b + 2ab - b
3 2 2 3
= a -3a b+3ab -b
~msg
u
I(a-b)= 3 a 3 -3ab+3ab
2 2 -b.
3! (6)
., 3
2fl7f.f7iM 2 mmnn
U GV
(x-1)
""'
tJtfftJJ
tN
3
(x-1) =x-3x+3x-1
3 2
Q Q
i~~~~2 n~nnt SJl"e2liHLfll-e :

n. (x- 5) 3
2
2. (2x-3y)
3
2
fi. c, r :zx-- y lli. (ab- 3cd)
3
- rl!nri (a-b)(a +ab +b)

""
2 3
(x-l)(x +x+l) =x-I
n. (x-3)(x 2 +3x+9) 2. (2x-1)(4x +2x+ 1)

2
2 2
- nm61 (a + b) (a - ab + b )
""
2 2 3 2 2 2 13
(a+b)(a -ab+b) =a -a b+ab +a b-ab +b
(8)
68
PROEUS DARA
2. (3x + 5)(9i- 1Sx + 25)
?1. Ux+4y)(/6 x -xy+ 16/) 2
(a + b r = a- + 2ab + b 2
7 ?
(a - b r =a
? 2
- 2ab + b
2
(a+b)(a-b) = a 2 -b 2
(a + b + c / = a 2 + b2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac
3 3 2 2 3
(a+b) = a +3a b+3ab +b
3 2 2 3
(a-b) 3 = a -3a b+3ab -b
? ? ' 3
(a-b)(a-+ab+b-) = a,-b
;? fTltnUlfl 1 "' t?'i 13Jn &2Jll:3

.
t?'inHhfitllimm~?'itl
'
ab+ac-ad <J • 0 " ':.u :-·::·
,,:. '~: ' '
n '-" G .. tr~ ndl n~tn mg n~2Jl1Hti b'\j'i:fl£ n~fW1:3
.. fhRnt2Jll:3~ tifi'9th sh'9timdruf1M

nt 2Jll:3 ab + ac- ad ffitH't5 H nH dl
ab+ac ad= a(b+c-d) t?'idl
69
PROEUS DARA
C(' C» ":) I
~fT!f.f'!Ul./1 2 ~S:llBtl5'J'SntSJ115 x(2y-3)-2(2y-3) 'HlS (2y-3) ~G~ '1 t?HfJGi':fln
(2y-3) dlnffU15
>11.1
:
x(2y-3)-2(2y-3) = (2y-3)(x-2)
"' "'
i5~5~ 1 i':fl fintSJ1152lb tLfll15r:hd ru~M n~
n. 6k/-2I/ 2. 2/q-4pqr
"
~!TJ'i.f!Ul./7 3
.
i':flnntsn15
\j' •
(3x+ l)(x-2)+(2-x)y r:hdru1=1Mnff1
I n
titit!J (3x+l)(x-2)+(2-x)y = (3x+l)(x-2)-(x-2)y
= (x-2)(3x+ 1-y)
= (x-2)(3x-y+ 1)
"' ""
~5~5~ 2 i':flRntSJ1152lbtLfll15r:hdru~Mn~
n. Sx(x-3)-4(3-x) 2. 6x-3xy-2+y 1=1. Sx + lOxy + 4 + 8y
firfl
n
2 .
(2) a. -2ab+ b
2
= •c· a-.b)
.· . 2
:1: ·.•. ? .
(3) a -b~ = (a+b)(a.-'b).
.· ·. .··.· ' . . . . .·•
n. x 2 + 6x+ 9 2
2. m -20m+ 100 1=1. 4p 2 q 2 - 9t
?
X- + 6x + 9 = X 2 + 2 X 3 X X + 32 = (X + 3) 2
70
PROEUS DARA
2
2. m - 20m+ 100
~ 2 2 ?
t1'i5fi513S
L.;u £1
a -2ab+b = (a-bf
2
= (m- 10)
t1'i5a'i513S
""'
L.; u £1
a·- b 2 ?
= (a+ b)(a- b)
4/l- 9t = (2pq) 2 2
- (3t)
2
= (2pq + 3t)(2pq- 3t)
.
i~t;HS~ 1
"'
!:hRmSJl1321l:HLffl13dlthli9tl.lln~
2
n. x + lOx+ 25 fl. / -16y + 64
2
'\55. 4nl- 20mn + 25n
J..
'W. 81x 2 -64y 2
2
x +(a+b)x+ab = x"+ax+bx+ab
?
2
= (x +ax)+(bx+ab)
= x(x+a)+b(x+a)
= (x+a)(x+b)
2
x +(a+b)x+ab = (x+a)(x+b) (4)
""
~~~~~ 2
"' '
mnn&SJ11321b t[lil13dl t:l rn9tl.ll n~
n. i+8x+ 12
2. /-lOy+ 24
fl. ~t/- 12m + 32
"' ""
i~ ~ ~ ~ 3 lit n E!JG ~ s fl~1 ~"Bls t s4 Qb~HU ttj13j6JntSJ113S~ tU')"BlS 91J.ndl fflt~ ha~
1
n. 2
x +4x+ D 2. i-6x+ D
fl. i+ O a + l '\55. 4a
2
- D a+9
71
PROEUS DARA
2 2
aex +(ad+ be)x + bd = aex + adx + bex + bd
= ax X ex+ ax X d + b X ex+ b X d
= ax(ex+d)+b(ex+d)
= (ex+ d)( ax+ b)
(5)
2
n. 6x -13x-15
ae bd ad+ be
a b ----- be
exd-- ad
ad+ be
ad+be = -13 (2) 6 -15 -13

6 5 5
mHiMmf~:Huumm:nhnn ~tlm (1) sh
ll1 "' 6'1
l x -3 -18
(2) iJbnHSZ ~tdlbctl~tttlru a= 6 , b = 5 ,
4..1 ..; -13
e = 1 ' d = -3 '1
2
i':JtHsg
u
6x -I3x-15 = (6x+5)(x-3) '1
2. tt113J 12i- 25xy + 12/ ~ctln t2J11:3~ 'Ln 12 12/ -25y

-4y ----- -l6y
4x
3
9 2 "ts x ttf1rum~tlMSltjtmmm:nhnn '1
u ll1 "' 6'1
-3y _____ -9y

tjtHsg
u
l2x -25xy+ 12/
2
= (3x-4y)(4x-3y)
-25y
72
PROEUS DARA
n. 2/ + 3x + 1 2. 2x
2
- 13x + 6
~.
2
3a +5a+2
2 2
b. 8x 26xy + 15/ G. - 35x - 16xy + 12/
rlniSJlYBttn9 3 mtiru~nnnw
umusuruun
n u urui:in'tsnu
u
3
n. x + 27
= (x+3)(x 2 -3x+9)
2. 8a -l
2
= (2a) 3 -l 3
= (2a-1)(4a 2 +2a+ 1)
"" ""
l,~fH5~ tttRntSJ11:321tl~un1:3mn~ :
3 3
n. a + 27 2. 64x + 125
... 1 3
1000 11 3 - -p
UJ.
8
nuJtntiJil1t9Jfioilmnnrlnt~gmtiru~nnnw
I
2
2x - 5xy- 3/ + 3x + 5y- 2
2 2
2x -(5y-3)x-(3/-5y+2) = 2x -(5y-3)x-(y-1)(3y-2) <J
73
PROEUS DARA
2xy-l
2 -(y-l)(3y-2)
---·--
-(5y- 3)
y-l
1 -(3y- 2) -6y+ 4
-(Sy- 3)
2
2x -(5y-3)x-(3/-5y+2) = {2x+(y-l)}{x-(3y-2)} = (2x+y-l)(x--3y+2)
"' "'
l,~~~~ 1 ~Rllt2Jl152ibtLf'il1HhrHli9MRIT1
2 2
~ 2
n. x + 3 xy + 2 y + x- y- 6 2. 2x - 3xy- 2/ + x + 3y- 1
? 2
2. (x-+x+2)(x +x-3)-6
4 2 2
x -l3x +36 = X -l3X+36
= (X-9)(X-4)
= (x+3)(x-3)(x+2)(x-2)
(x 2 +x+2)(x +x-3)-6
2
= (X+2)(X-3)-6
= (X+3)(X-4)
= (x 2 +x+3)(x-+x-4)
?
2
n. (x-y) -4(x-y)+4
3
2. (a+1) +(a-l/
~ 4 2 2 4
1=1. X +X y -2y
74
PROEUS DARA
" tlnm ~h:h RtSJ1i3tt:l bliTIJ'tflrul~G~blhHGH:llS tn~GFjM sb ~t55FjM &'t:l ru'tlls

sg w1U£1s ?'iii~ d'tfls
~
'i5 ws~ '1
"'-Utl
2 2 2
(a+b) = a +2ab+b
2 2
(a-b) = c?-2ab+b
2 1
(a-b)(a+b) =a -b-
? 2 ? ')
(a+ b + ct = a + b- + c- + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac
(a+b)
3
= a3 +3a 2 b+3ab 2 +b 3
(a-b)
3
= a 3 -3a 2b+3ab 2 -b 3
2
(a+b)(a -ab+b
2
) = a3 +b 3
? '
(a-b)(a-+ab+b-) =a 3 -b,-
2
acx +(ad+bc)x+bd = (ax+b)(cx+d)
75
PROEUS DARA
= ru~ e; '*'""l):')\"*~~~~~~~'li<~~~~~Wlm~~~~~~~*"'""~~i%W:;t~~rrit~"ti'>.¥.%,~1;\l\W..'*'11181,~;,\\{ti\~}\t.))~<('J.\'Y8:®-tl'J).,~"<'""'&"{1,
0 •
115 L1Hli i'H 9Jl'ij 2l b 'Lffl'i§

J.l
n. A-B+ C
3. A-2B+3C
1:1. 3(-A+B)+2C
n. OM = OC = 2cm c 3.
AM= MB = xcm
100
X 1
X
A£...:......_-.~- _ ___,. B
M X
X-
3x+ 5 'li5.
1:1. x+l
x+2
- - - 7 X+ 3----lo-
3. n~-nnrSJ11:32lb'Lffl1:3 :
2
n. (2a-3b)(4a+5b) 3. (3x- 1)(x + 7 x- 5)
2 2
1:1. (x+l)(x-l)(x +1) '1.15. (2a- b + 3c)
2
G. (a-2)(a +2a+4)
4. n~nnt9j.l1:32lh~Lffl1:3
n. (a+b-3)(a+b+l) 3. (x+y-z)(x-y+z)
b. (x+2)(x-6)(x-8)(x+4)
76
PROEUS DARA
X X+ 1
x+2
x+S
f'l. lli.
2x
Sx
2
2. x - 11 x + 24
f'l. x(x-4)-5
2 0
G. X -X- y" -y
n. (x-y)(x-y+5)+6
f'l. i- (4a- 3b)x-12ab 2

lli. 4(x-3y) -9(x-3y)+5
~ 3 3
w. (2x-3) -(2y-x) G. i+xy-6/+5x+35y-36
17
PROEUS DARA
~fl7'if1iM
cl'
1 nb1tH'un~
..
niH~ 2
IJ
2 18 sb 3
I
18
18+3= =6 '1 !:lm2g
3 u
18 = 3 x6 '1 ~2lg&j:)tfl 18 ruriftltfsh 3 '1
3dl~&'unt2I8
IJ
~mru I8dldru?1ru~h:.
I
3
Ol~Hri ttltRI3JnL~Hth A 2b B
W'i::f12nt2fl'i:3
IJ . ty'
Q
.
Hruf!:l
IJ
ru A= 13 x.Q
cJ o., , ' , o', 'o ·e~

Q mnrumn 2h A dl6'H11Tlhwr;um
,: " ~ ~
dru~:iMtSB
I
sh Q .'1 &l'iRMflhlUftH
A+B =Q
"'
~fl7ifliM2 ntlli5 x 2 -5x+4 = (x-l)(x-4) &2lg tl'itfln'2J1H x-1 dl~fun x-41tl
drufun~tlhfH2j1H x 2 -5x+4 Sb Sl:l

2
x-1 ttfiru x -5x+4 dldruf:JM x-1 x-4 '1
0 ' '
tl'ifiM~hlHhl~: (x"-5x+4)+(x-1) = x-4 <j
78
PROEUS DARA
2
6x + 5x- 4 3x+4
2
2x-1) 6x +5x-4
6i-3x 2x-l
6x 2 -3x f-(2x-l)x3x
Sx-4 3x+4
Sx-4
Sx-4 8x- 4 f- (2x- 1) x 4
0 0
~msg A+B = (3x+4) ~

2
6x +5x-4 = (2x-1)(3x+4) '1
"" ""
~~iUS~ 1 tg1_,ti'tf1M1firun~iH1_,ff113
2
n. (x + 6x-55) + (x- 5)
2. (6/-10i+/+6+7y)+(2y+3)
t~1_Y'tllrul4tHun
"' " ' " " Cl
(2x 3 -3x2 -x+4)+(2x 2 +2x-3) '1
2
2x + 2x- 3) 3
2x - 3i- x +
3 2
4
2x + 2x - 3x
-5i + 2x+4
2 15
-5x -5x+-
2
mh Q = x--5
2
th ~ t9i tf:lflJn&SJl1311 ~ A Sh B tr::l ru'tllSHtGl~~~ tffiiD.l:flStl t1_,n irl Sh

n tUb [I '1 d5 m c. n tm-flulnn&SJl'8ntl~Mt1 Q sb R ttl ru
A = B x Q + R '1 ~&ljltB R tjtithb ~ttr~B B '1 Q ctldrutun
tffiru R mrJn.nruQb'H~ttH1 '1

I
drutui"i Q 'tllgtitt,n m-n '1. tu
R =0 t Sl g t ~ttl A rB n ti1 tfs ir B '1
79
PROEUS DARA
n. (4x-5)+(x+2)
3
R. (x -/+x-l)+(x+2)
2
2. (3x +2x+ 1)+(3x-4)
orn<n "'
nn
~ulutiu..~~S
eJ -. 4
&Gn (y -2y"-y+8) Sw (y -y-2)
? c::p~ 2
2
y + y+ 1
/-y-2) y
4
-2/ - y+8
4 3 ,
y - y - 2y-
l - y+ 8
3 ,
y - f - 2y
2
y + y+ 8
2
y - y-2
2y+ 10
tri99ruQls
1J
4
y -2/-y+8 = (/-y-2)(/+y+l)+(2y+l0)
"" ""
i,5~5~ 3 tgLli1:fHl.n1tH'un2lbtLm-e
2
n. (c/+7a-l)+(a +2)
1 4 +4x2 +x+5) +(3x 2 +2)

m. ( 2x
80
PROEUS DARA
3 4 2 3 4
75x y = 3 X 5 XX X y
~ n 13J.tlli t!H]t'tH13'!§ih5 ~ €1 2b
nUH'i CUI a'i:H1.13'i5
l 1u
tl n
1.1'
' ' 0
cJ 0 °~ ? 3 4 "''-" 2 2
nmn~'i§ti'i5~o:Jn tS 75x y Sw 45x y '1
" 1.1 l
'!§Jlb wJ n n t Sj)'!§
ttflictl rl'i.fl?iCWl~'i§fi.Utltl?itS
2 2 3
3 X 5 X x
3
X/ = 225x 3/ 1 I 1.1 II 1
75x / Sb 45i/ '1
d 0 0 "';) .c::::. c:::::P eJ

- nttH'l~'t§titH~n tsntsn'l§ A sb B ?ithtlru?iMnmm n~ru
1J ·u· I · \:t' 1 611.1
'tllSSfHu'i.Sn.Uthbt?i
U61U
'1
1ms
81
PROEUS DARA
B = 36x4y 2 "'....
St.J C = 90x6y 3 '1
x(x-l)(x+l) '1
rugw t?lmmr:n g~tiHn'e~th:5Jlta9J £-l~u:nb 'Lffl'l§
2 I
X I (x -J) 1
I
x (x + 1)
X
(x-1) x (x+ l)----- fl'i..llt:H1.Jl~'l§fi13Udn

1 i u u i
'1
~h 4x 2 -16
2
?1. 4x -2x-l2
82
PROEUS DARA
n. runnunt8J1YU1ffifi
v
e. M1_¥bl5Rt~Jl15'[Yfnl=i.
'\J
e '[Y'tfH1.ll~ th tl b fi f~J115'[Y fn R il ~ ~
Gl 1JfnriMS91~
"' ""
t'iSH15 A l=ith
d>
~runbtufi sb B ~th51tufi
\J
<J
fii:SJ1'e1Jfn?i ~ Sb ~(B:;tO, B':;tO)
ru<t5-eu rn m
~
mru run n tcll
~
bm
~
ri su ~ M<t5 m n
AxB' = A'xB
~ dltirn~un <J ntSJ1'eL15fn?J 4~hl'ij~ru~b

fitSJ1'ijfltJ?irul51 A '1
.
Axe A
BxC = B (B:;tO, C:;tO) '1 .•
~m s g d5~ runb tun sb ~ ~un'i:fls ~tuna-e t s-1 g t?Jffiu ML15 rullifn?J13Jt9ldl'[Yfn?J

\J
""
-esffiuhl1}3rums <J
IJ
~ eJ
n
0 0 V t::::::\ eJ eJ 00 1
m trim fi51 runb &u fi s b mts
lJ
fi t i:h rur;lJ tu fia<t5u15
lJ
ti1 r;m hl t Sl g t?Jms fits\:t.
fl'ij'itifn?i
l.i
~[:1 ru-Hsffiu hlL'ijrums '1

IJ
2/-x-l_ (x-1)(2x+l) 2x+l '1

x 3 -l - (x-l)(x 2 +x+l) = x 2 +x+l
., ""
i~~~~l ~ sML'ij rn n ~: SJ1'ij mb 'Lm-e 2bti ~rub n t 94 m n t SJ1-e1Y mt:I ~[:j ru-H s ffiu
IJ
3 .,
~ 3ib c
3
a -a·- 2a
ruL-e rums : n. - 4 - , l=i. 3
IJ 9ab c" a -4a
83
PROEUS DARA
2
-=
2(x-l) sb _3_ = 3(x+ 1) '1
x+l (x+l)(x-1) x-1 (x-l)(x+ 1)
magmt:lttil:H3J&~[Jttrrllfl il1H1L'B~ffit:lfub ~SrH8Jl'BLUffit:l 6J~G[l '1

u
.,. ""
~6~6~ 2 61L'B~ffit:itUtlt8rH8Jl1:7DJffit=1SiJli5'J2lbtLm'B :
u
~ x +x+1
2
n. 2 ~ 1. ..£ t:l.
x+ X- · yz ' zx ' xy x+y y-x
" ...
jfljfj
~Uffi
t_;
rt.n~GUn
U
8tl~Uffi
t_;
rt.n~ Gtint 2 n t 2tf'n1§'it5ffit:l
t_;
ti:HliffiSffit:l futl ti G m
« U
ffiGH 2I ~ n~n
6'1
tltHH94 ~ ! +~ = l +2 =~ Stl ! - ~ = l- 2 = _ ! '1

u 55 55 55 5 5
ims
1. nL'B ~Lumt1 SiJ ru 'J l3Jffi2mt:i fub~'B '1
u
x+8 x+4 '1

2 2
x + x- 8 x + 3x + 2
x+4 x+8 x+4

+ 3x+ 2 (x+2)(x-l) (x+2)(x+ 1)
_ (x+8)(x+l)-(x+4)(x-l)
- (x+2)(x-l)(x+l)
1 1
x + 9x + 8- x - 3x + 4
= (x+2)(x-l)(x+ 1)
6x+ 12
= -:----=-:--::--~-:--~
(x+ 2)(x-l)(x+ 1)
= 6(x + 2)
(x+ 2)(x-i)(x+ 1)
6
'1
(x-l)(x+l)
84
PROEUS DARA
X x+2 4
fi. --2- 2. - +
- J X -1 x-2 -x
2
1 2a '155 x-2 1 x +x+3 '1
1=1. - +
1 +a 1- . x2 - x + 1 - x + 1 + x3 + 1
2
x-1 x+l
--4-
4
= - 88 -
+1 x+l x-1
0 ~ ~C» "?
Hli n [.Y'tfHI.fl ~ ur:p;1.ll SiHti fitS fit SJl'i:Hl d 1=1 n.fH1
Q el t::» Q
1 3 lx3 3 1 3 1 4 lx4 4 2
lX4= X =s l+4=2XJ=2X3=6=J '1
,; /,,,, '
tn~i<J'i ~x~=·~~g sb ~+~·=·~x~=~~~(B~O,C1=0~Di:O)·
1. tn Rml'lrun sbm1=1 ~lib 'ts m SJll3Luml'l£flh~H·dmn rni=)M n~
2. ML13LUfitSJll3Lliffll'lS~li51 '1
w
2 2
x - 2x - 3 x - 4x + 3
'1
+4x+4
= (x + 1)(x + 2) '1
(x-l)(x-2)
,. ""
~~~~~ 1 1=1MSlntSJ113Lliffll=l2lhtUn13
2 2
x -49 x+2 2a - 1 a - 3a + 2
fi. --x- 2. 2
x--.,,--
i+2x x-7 a - 2a + 1 4a- - 1
3 2 3
... 2x + 7x + 6x 4x - 9x
UJ. 2 2
'1
3x +Sx-2 6x -llx + 3
1 a+2
X--
X 2
ML'e Ll.JfitSJ113Lliffll'l n. 2. ---,-- '1
w l-! a---
X a+l
85
PROEUS DARA
tf!lt3Jnt2Jl'eritA 2~ B ~tlb15'Hl2}Hti~~u~ ttflti5'Hl2~tLn m sb

n d.]b~~ '1 .eli m?.n tMflmnn&s,_p~ritlf!lMfi Q sh R ~tlru
'1 ~tt.nia R ~nthb ~&L11t2 B ~ Q dlctrnfon

ruQh11lton '1
1
nmfon Q 'Hls~ 'Ln m -n '1 tti
86
PROEUS DARA
Ltl'tfHw~a~n ~t1 nn~ SJI1§1Jfilt1

A B A+B ~~o. (!_!!_ = A-B
c+c = -c .. w c c c <c*o) '1
1. 61L'l5~Ltimf.iGi~ru<JI3j'i:flSmf.it'i5~~'e '1
u
JY'i:fHl..n~a~n.n shJY'i:nM~fit'on
~ xf = A XC S~ ~ ~ f = ~X _!2 = A X D (B :;t: 0, C :;t: 0, D :;t: 0) '1
B D BxD B D B C BxC
""'
2. MlJbl5n&SJl'e'e5fflf.iS~t15'1 '1
IJ
= rum1~ -~*'-ll~~~~'1~~~~~~~
0 '
w ~:;;JMnn
1. d~'e5'i:fln.n1rifun:n~tLnl'e :
2. (a 4 +2a+ 5 -lOa 2 -4a 3)~ ( 5a+4-a)
3
n. (4x -3x-9)~(2x-3) 2
'1
n. s~ 30a c 6x + 7x- 3 s~ 2x - 17x- 30

2 3 3 2 4 2 2 2 2
12a b c 18a bc 2. 4x -9
' '
f.i. Sb s~ 2x 2 + x-1
2 2 2
x + 7 x + 10 x - 25 'li5. x + 3x + 2
s~ -x -x + 2 x + 4x + 3 s~ x 2 + 3x
2 2 2 2
~- x -x- 2 13. x + x- 6
'
SJ. a
3
- 2a
2
, a
3
- 4a S~ a 3 - a 2 - 2a d. (y+z) 2 -x2
'
(z+x) 2 -y 2 "'~
S 2
(x+y) -z
2
'1
3. f.in.nm:n~tLm-e :
a -1 a 1 1 1 1 1
n. - --+- 2. - - - - - - - + - -
a a-1 a-l X x+l x+2 x+3
2
2x - l x+2 x +3
R. X- 1 -X+ 1- i -1
87
PROEUS DARA
c::;:. ClJ ~ 0'? eJ ~ 2 ~ eJ c::v 3

4. ttlL:H:!ffiFH2J11HJt:l~Hl.flfi p lt!H~R'i:HH8 x mnsb 3x + 1 t'Ulti50l8tHl5mntl x -2
Sb hlet.fHU?i 4x- 5 <j ~nn0ijl'i:jrJt::ltlrulrH2 g <j
5. tel ruct:Hli 6x4 -7x3 -4x2 + Sx + 3 C11nSbnt2j1'i:jrJ1::JtlM&'l p tmrumsn rutun?i

2 ~!4 0 • Ql ~
2x -3x+ 1 f:'lwhHUlru -2x+5 '1 ~nnt8Jmrlt:ltlru-tfi p
ntftn 1
1. m~n~t1nt2nt2fl'i:jrJtflms'i:jru')2lbtHn'i:j
U W \j' 1 II W
~u~n.n~dbc!::Hmt~tldlbnm wm
II .{)
'"'-
U
"" '1
U1lr1
n. -6x3 + 11 ntsn'i:jtSg'l:lls _____ ni::imsgtJdl _______
\.t' II U
2. 2x-3i+4 nt2j1'i:jt2g'l:f1s ---~~msgtJdl
~ru9n.nti::irucrdlbt1:1ts x ?i ___ ~utsg~'Ln,sntSJ1'i:j?i ___
2. (2/+5y-3)-(3/-3y+6) = (2/+Sy-3)+(-/+- y- - )
2 2 2
= (-Y +-Y )+(-Y+-y)----=-Y +-Y--
3 2 3 2
R. (- 4a + 2a - Sa)+ (5a -7a + 3a + 4) = - - - - - - -
2 2
ill. (13c -9c-6)-(8c +5c+4) =
2 2
b. (6n + 4) + (3n 3 - 3n + 2n) =
0 ., ..
3. ttllflShl~nm mmgl.Y'l:lln.fl~tii::in 2xy-3yz+4zx

u "' II u ""
~13U1~ '1
u
n. i -x2 y- 30x/ 3 2
2. p - p q- pq + q
2 3 2
8. x + ax- bx- 3ab
88
PROEUS DARA
dfjn I£J i!!tijs?J I£J

2 2 3 2 2 4 2
ill. X y+y Z- y -X Z
"'
w. ) 1
(x-+2xf-2(x +2x)-3 G. 9x - 34x / + 25/
~. i-2(a-l)x-2a+ 1
2n -n
6. r}J;mg a"= 3 fJ~H)G'i~~~S azn -a-n '1
a +a
nt11n 2
1. 13ml:nm~-emn
u tfl .....,
J3+J6+J3-J6 = J6+2J3 nG'i'i
l 1
n. x--1 3. X
2
+2 f:l. X
3
-3 '1
x X X
40 + l7J5 = a+bfs
4. ~nnss~sms a stl b ftirutclltlm6'i~-emn '1
w -;,;J .; 2+Js
3
a
5. d5tinntsn-eridf:1Mn p ri _x_ tS"JgniJtlmsrusqjruu\52tl
'j' X+ 1 "' "' X+
Q Q\ Q Q\ 0
s tl nt s' jn-e
'
ndMl.fl G1 p '1 t ru tl ~ s
....
G1 a dl 13 sst
w G~ '1
6. 1:J~f:lru!Slni:SJ1'B:rli:HLnl'B :
2 2 2 2
n. (a+ b + c) + (b + c- a) + (c +a- b) +(a+ b- c)
2. X- Z y- Z + X - y
(y-z)(x-y) (x-y)(z-x) (z-x)(y-z)
2
a 2 -be
2
b - ca c - ab
?'i. + + '1
(a+b)(c+a) (b+c)(a+b) (c+a)(b+c)
7. ttl Adl d ru 9ru1 n~~s nt SJ1-emtl t1Jii'B :
2 3 2
n. x\x-1)+ 1Lt' (x-l)-42x(x-l) 3. x (2x-1)+4x (2x-l)-2lx(2x-l)
2
b. 2x /(xy + 1) + 3xy(xy + 1)- 9(xy + 1) 13. 2
2x (2- y) + xy(2- y)- 10/(2- y)
s. n. fJ~Ur:nsfh2 rnoHsntSji'B J19- s,J3 tffi ru~LYru '1

t.l
3. ~s61r.h a mnssf:l6'i stl b m11ssn61udltl mMstl o fH:JG113thtl 'i

...; u u """ """" u
89
PROEUS DARA
3 2
3x + 8x - l3x- 30 '1
10. tsinbtHHffH1nfnl:H:luntumnbnn '1 uu~~nmsn-e

"'
1
u "' u n 1 \.t' I
n. tjjtsfclnft:lruJJn x+3
.:; "' u
11. Llif~ but ru;r ru tSu~tfflrt.fl fnb\1 rut ru f159 9b 3 f<J~R '1 1Y hl 2 dj lit ru;r ru d~i 8 b~b
2 f<J~R sbg9bnrum 1
1 f<J~R ~r:ng&rubmsh'i~nsmf~hn '1 imlif~btHrunru
~~ ~· ~~ ~ n
sb9'9b '1
14. fflb P(x) = i+2x-l5 , D(x) = x-3 Sb Q(x) = x+5 '1
n. tibl mm P(x) = Q(x)

lf1 " D(x)
2. tiirlmfU-eifHl (1). P(l) = Q(l) (2). P(- 2 ) = 0(-2)
lf1 " D(l) D(-2) -
(3). p(-~) = Q(-~) (4). ?( 3 ) = Q(3)

D (-21) 2 D(3)
f:'i. Snrun2 CWl a E !R ft1 ru P(a) = Q(a)

e ~ D(a)
2
15. int.Jrufunt2 x +2x-3 funSbdb15f:'irt.flt2 I
X f:'irt.flSb
I
x-3
~ t.) 2 t::.'p c) C::0 0

mtf:'i!:unx-2x-3 tf:'iQISdru!:unx+2 SbfUn.nrus
I
17. sbP(x) '1 H'iP(x)

' 0 QleJtl C) cy
rs. 1'i5Hlif15151~R-erunb1'Utrumlini:Rbt1unbm '1
L.; ll.JW I._; U., U
m D' C'
I
'(YHUM~UH8g'i:fl2'i:fl~t~Sb 3
w + 10w + l6w '1
2
f:'i CWl 81 Lli f~ b B B'

c
W+8 B
90
PROEUS DARA
nt\5n~~~'tflsf1~U<cJrlbnH~ ~LMtS1g~m~ruuu~rtl13GJiHDS a (kg)

u
rtlliflMLdb~sri~LM~G'Irtl m nJ1ru b mb6JdruLm~M1li
1 u
c::b 1':) t:::)) c::iJ ~ I e/ C;l) 1
ts g l=1rtl 9L13i1 bS mi:HflH:l b1_!i9 2 ~s tl=1li~ ru~;tl rulJi~lfH~ tlJUllMQ"b fi'Ul=1rul S1H1
u 1
c:, 0 Q) 0 ~
gs~ruuw~ mbnJooom 1381l=1gmrmn '1

ct ct t L
IJ
i:§s~13 f51~trl£fH ru{§ fnH S8'i:Jl8 MHJ::n Shll'f::lltl 6Jbl=1H'iaijl fd!Eb ~ flJD x ttJm
1
J i:Jl M!E i:H S1 g~

1
X =
91
Z6
D- = z?V = /!'!_f) rn l_\:D
(T) 1J- =
'l s 8 l:> ~ :lill~:J 11 "
S'!.lY1H{LZLJUeh!ruYUJtf I f?,
x SSDL(:H:!
0
P
O<V ill}:ll v- SH:JLYPH1
C,. {;J
'8
~, z- = x gwEru
"" 1: ""
Nm
.. "'
.A ~ 1'19 '.I'ISa n u ~ ~n~rnfJWllJ rq- tf~ !if gsw;::ln
EuS:lh! li:!~UJD~~SS¥ Y~~h!Pj
"' 1\91 11 ' ;;') 1'1 z- = (r-)xz = z!/!:f-) =/?if-)
YLHJp~ £JS1!:JSS_D SLA.ptHSSD
~ (;II '~0 0 E, '0
G'\. u n u z- = ( xZ = z!/if) = /!!:f)
S_H:IlYP.H1
'
YESSSD
•• 0
YESUWQ"'
•• '
"" n
SlD.J;tj I-=_! EH~fl~gSWf::!
G '
g~~fyw
If""
Ml 1'1 I 0
D~~S Sfl h!Dl lJU!;! h!~. Yfi"' El:s u tl ~ n
h ! lWDJYESrn~:Jt{~rrJE>lSSD
~:;)~ ~ 0
..... NJ! 11 l1
illPJ:J.DS1!JSSD YES u "" r
~ ~0, 0 '=' b Yti:Jfi);;!l gsH1m x E:JY.LSLJUJ;tH'!.;::ll
;g (;I c.. 1';::;1 (';;;
M Ml 11 ' . ' ' :
SSD £lt1!JSSDrrJSErrJSYlJU-!:J o ;;') 11 ... 11
o E;o o n ~~·. o
!, SLR.PV~SSflt:!~~WI.H S~Y~ssp
I
0 < v ru~J J'!_f ~EJ.BLP v."'""' 11 'l 11 1 "' ""
rn sl.t:lHjlY gW 13 B3 Y US S DlJU DJ. t{!JrrJ S!.Hl
c, '1::;: 00 0 Cb
;;') 11 ' ' " ' I
SLR.PtHSSflSltjlYPJfitWHW cb ... 11 I "'
SUi! z- = gw:JD
0
h YUSSDlJUWt{!J
0 0 0 ' I;;:)
13 ' ' ' fi;. G".'" ·U1
Y~~ill!JQLJULWWWU{fi., rnfl.:wllJ z/"+ =x rnllilLS z= LSLJUJ;!
~ ':::1 0 z: x
e~g ~w g wwrn Ul.lYEnFtfwru sLn!;:!rn l
0 ~ ~ !Q
0
u
Y!!SLYY~
"'""'
PROEUS DARA
PROEUS DARA
rh mg a = 0 ' J6 = 0 'i
J:3 = J3i , -.1-9 = ,J9i IT fT. 1 . ..,

~- 16 = ~16 l = 4l I
2 fTl if1 UU1"' 2 n. J-:9 + j:49 2. Ax ,./-90

F-64 ill. F-5 (,J-45 - F-4) 'i
F-4
n. ./-9 + J-:4.9 = ,J9i + ,/49i = 3i + 7i = lOi
= J906 i
2
= -30
1:1. F-64 = $4i = JI6 = 4

F-4 J4i
ill. F-ScJ:45- F-4> = JSiC3J5i- 2i)
= (J5i)(3J5i)- (J5i)(2i)
0 •
~~ru Ax ,./-90 = -3o * JC-l0)(-9o) = J900 = 3o 'i
!:itHsg J'li'e8 .{axjb = Jc;b @sr\nntmg a<O , b<O 'i

u u "
93
PROEUS DARA
... ...
i,5~5~ fiMm
n.
'li5. ~
.r-36
,r-:8
~- F-54
b. ,J-18 X ./-3
fl.
tl.
n 5
f-S(J-:16- J=-IO) '1
GS:::l
U
2+3i 'l-4i rtlru'i:flS 2, 3, 1,-4 r:tlGSSthmrrlm
U
GSSR~tl'1
U IGV
iw~~W t3ss?i~tl
U·tGV
?ir:nt3ss&'tlru'i:flS91'i§tl
1J L.;
a+bi ttlru
a sb b r:tlossilfi
IJ
'1
MMGSSR~tl
! IJ IGV
fflbtt!lliJHf'l'i~
ij
([; '1 9'i'i§tlhltltiltSGSSR~tlMHhl~
L.; 61 IJ IG\1
a+bi ftlru'i:flS
a r:n " &onnn" sb
~
b r:n" tdns@fi" '1
~ 01
3i, -2i, 1+4i , 3-Si, -~-~i
n. J-:40 ~- 2- ,r-.23 fl. 5 '1
n. 3-J-:16
~- J:45 + J25
fl. -J:9 '1
94
PROEUS DARA
o' / c::a <J

nbnHWl
q
a+bi = 0 tln &mHnm
I U a= b = 0 '1
I
fl. (x + 5) + 8yi =0 2. (3x+ l)+(y-l)i = 7-3i '1
n. X+ 5 = 0 =>X = -5 2. 3x + 1 = 7 => x = 2
8y = 0 => y = 0 y- 1 = -3 => y = -2
tltHS8
u
x = -5 ,y =0 '1 tlmsg
u
x = 2 , y = -2 '1
2 f17 tn UIJJ"' 2
"" ""
~i5~5§ inn~~r3~snn a sb b &t]~ji3Jft5~ffitl2lbtun~nn :
fl. (5-H)-(a+bi) = 6 2. (6+5i)(a+bi) = 38-9i '1
?H1J1 Sl Fl. (3 + 5 i) + ( 4 - 2i) 2. ( 4 + 3 i) - ( 10- 2i) '1
n. (3+5i)+(4-2i) = (3+4)+(5-2)i = 7+3i '1
2. (4+3i)-(10-2i) = (4-10)+(3+2)i = -6+5i '1
95
PROEUS DARA
(a+. bi)+(c+di) ~ (a+c)+(~

(a+bi)-(c+di) =(a-c)+(~
i=lMSl n. (2-i)(-H) 2. (2-i)(4+3i) '1
2
n. (2-i)(-H) = (2-i)·(-3i) = -6i+3i
= - 6i- 3 = - 3- 6i '1
2
2. (2-i)(4+3i) = 8+6i-4i-3i
= 8-3(-1)+2i = 11 +2i '1
·.m~uJi (a+bi)(c+di) = (ac-bd)+(ad+bc)i
"" ""
iSiiH.Sfi n. (2+7i)+(4-3i) 2. (2- 4i)- ( 1 - i)
1=1. (-6+5i)+(l+2i) lli. ( -6i)(i)( 6i) '1
t:f
0~
:?fl7tnUlJ7 nssn
0
u l6V
n crssl9nnmn5
w l6V
rHl5r:'i1 n..n
""
2 2
4 -Si 4 + Si 4 +5 = 41
2 2
1 + 2i 1- 2i 1 +2 = 5
-2 = -2 + Oi -2 = -2- Oi 2
(-2) +0 =4
2
i =0+i -i = 0 i 02 + 12 =1
96
PROEUS DARA
5 2 + 3i
n. 2. '1
3- 2i
5 5(3+2i)
n. 3- 2i = (3- 2i)(3 + 2i)
= 15 + lOi = 15 + lOi = 15 + 10 i (
32 + 22 13 l3
2 + 3i = C2 + 3 i)C 4 + 2 i) ( i:iMsbussR~umnHsm!=l
4-2i (4-2i)(4+2i) l !.1 l<N""
2
8 + 4i + 12i + 6i 8 + 16i- 6 2 + l6i
4 2 +~')2
0
tum: c+dii:-0
n. 3 + 2i 2.
3
1:1.
3 -4i
'i
2+
o "' o • , '5"" 3+i 1n-i

mb m dlu8 8 r1G1 '1 nMG1G1b'B m ~w't316'i - + --
w <N e.ltJ l+i 1-i
3 + i + m- i = (3 + i)(l- i) + (m- i)( 1 + i)
-f- i - i (1 + i) ( 1 - i) (l + i) ( l - i)
4-2i m+ +
= -2- + ---"----'-
m-3 .
= m+5
--+
2
l
«
i
tlut88m-3=0 'i5m=3'1
u ""
3+i m-1 m+5 m-3
-+-- = +
i+i l-i
97
PROEUS DARA
2 2
ttHli'tfls ~~Lnf{]li: ~sb ttfiruti1'tflLG1 t ~

Sb 16m '1 Ga~n'itif~bggb~ssmtS'H '1
u Li ""
ruHw mb x(m) th9'9bmft59~~SlgDJt~b
- 2x
16
tibrtmru9mtw'8b = 8-x(m) '1
" "' "'
=b ""...
2'W Mi3fil~(x+b)
"" 2 =n
fl11315L'tfllits8trtm9 n55bmsM~fm
-x)= 12 '1
n:nrue1 ~51 sbtiLb13 ru2r.l ru t~ms M~nu ()
w "
';:5 ""' "
-8x+l2 =0 &t:iru'tflSwbLn921:SH~G'l x
<.1
Q ~ ~ fQ;I ~
"'
M13filHsg~:'iJlimM13fil~~::JtLn92 ts x '1
""
Mi3nl$ -3x-4 = o
2 2
+ 8x = 0 3x - 4x + 4 = 0 , x 4 = 0
8x + 12 = 0 '1
PROEUS DARA
0
mmg x =2
0
2
mmg x = 6 6 - 8 X 6 + 12 =0
"' "" 1
i,~~~~ r~tu~fmrun~HtHu~ll1~~tLn'92 Qi'lthrun'tH15~ll1~Zli'ltLll115
1
2
n. x(x-2) = 3 2. 3x +x-2 = x(3x-2)
0
mmg x = -2
g. ~uun:LruH1H\1trfflia1Ui9 2
tm :uuun nn1mnnst$ ru~ n.nnw

.·.
16cm Sb9'9i'll2cm '1 SlbG~'U~'t3~'UfflbHSlgi3J1_!i~Sb~'t3

u u
•···
ttl rutfls ~l]~n9flt ~si'l mRn run ru'tl:~'in9m'Umm~'t3 'i t~ 811
~ L:. i..l' "' n ~ L:. w·u
mb X dlL'Utlbttlru1_!i~'U~'t3trumru;rru si'Jggi'J 'i

u u ...... •.
mmr~otfls'U[runru 16-x si'Jggi'J 12-x '1
u "' n
" 'i:l "'"

t~l_!i9Jl3mg M.ffH1 tw't31'! 16 x 12 = 192cm-0
td'in9fli'Ufflr1G
& LJ iJ ·u ~
t~Sb
~
!2 x 192 = 96cm 2
~~LnftllJ'Ufflrlg?i (16-x)(l2-x) = ~xl92 'i
t rub tm gLNlru M~ lllJ

(16-x)(12-x) = 96 i- 28x + 96 = 0
2
x - 24x- 4x + 96 =0 , x(x- 24)- 4(x- 24) =0
tF'iOIS (x-24)(x-4) = 0
x-24 = O=?x = 24 'U

"'-
x-4 = 0=?x=4
Sl1BSffiG'U~159tfl~'U 24cm U1St9 q_~mmru;rruJm~'t3t~ 16cm Sb9'9bt~si'l

u
12cm 'i
99
PROEUS DARA
truhmsmrunru 16-4 ,;')

= 12cm sb9'9b 12-4 =Scm '1
0
(16-x)(l2-x)=96 rJ~hl x=4 mms
(16-4)(12-4) = 96 ~ 12x8 = 96
96 = 96 "'rtn '1
" . ":> o;\

> ;CJ!c:p eJ ey~ '
tirul!iMUHlHHn
I n
tru."sbtuS'i
"UUIG
rug'ifiltnnmrun13ruttu.sbtus'i
n Li ,_, uu '1
A xB =0 rug'fffitn
I l.j . A =0 ....._ .. 13
't5 =0 '1
2
n. x - 2x - 8 =0 2. x(x- 2) = 35 '1
(x+2)(x-4) = 0
x+2=0 t{x-4=0
X = -2 t{x=4 '1
X= -2 , 4 '1
2
2. tRQI2 : x -2x = 35
2
x -2x-35 = 0
(x -7)(x + 5) = 0
x-7 = 0 t{ x+5 = 0
X= 7 ~ X= -5 '1
"" ""
~~~HS~ ttfHLnnrutu~fm21htLfil13
n. 5x2 -45 = 0 2. (x-4)(x+ 1) = -4

2 2
1=1. 9x + 12 = 3 + l2x + 5x
).., 2 2 2
w. (3x-l) -25x = 0 U. 8i +X- 1 = 3x - 2x + 1 'J
100
PROEUS DARA
ttlru'HlS'iHruTltiJ'i'U~~b
n w 80m stu:rgb 45m '1 m649m
~
~t311 runts tw:;'l'J finb mt~ dh:hn~

6V &
tu t'n.rH'
n
i &tf\ ru'tns ~d.:
QU::p \;J 0 t:J
UlfUi&~sb&~iJiWGFnHmfittl~ '1
~:~ljGfilJ q~ruts gUl~'HlSljJi'l1_?f~ i'l~[l s?

u 1
mi'l x dlLli~~i'l~l:'lljGfilHu~ruJnni'lnm (x>O)

l
t~Ulwljnl:'lu61tfilru!tni'lt~~F~Ui9Jlrldli'lfilt~
2 2
tl"iUIS x = 45 X 80 = 3600m
? 0 r:;-;;-;;;;
x- = 3600 Sli3J x = ±..J3600 = ±60 '1
0
t tll ru x > o Sli3J x = 60m '1
0 . u
~msg ufilJril:'lfiltHSlgUl'l'Hls~i'l1_?&~b 60m '1
u 1
2
n. x
2
- 6x + 9 = 16 2. (2x + 1) = 5 '1
""'
tit'i:HJJ
""
2
2. (2x + 1) = 5
(x-3) = 16
2
2x+ 1 = ±JS
x-3 = ±Jl6 2x = -1 ± J5
x-3=4 'Ux-3=--4 X
-1 ±
= ------'-
J5
"'- 2
x=7 'Ox=
"'-
1 '1
= 7, -1 '1
-1 +
--2-'--
Js -1- J5
X X= 2 '1
101
PROEUS DARA
~ f17ff7 uzn"' 2 tt:tH L

M ru cu~ nwn tHLfi115 :
n. i +9 =o 2. 2(3x-5/+32=0 '1
n. x +9
2
=0 2. 2(3x- 5) + 32
2
=0
(3x-5/ = -16
X= ±H = ±J§i 3x- 5 = ±,r-16 = ±Jl6i = ±4i

X = ±3i '1
2
n.(x-2) 2 = 10 2. 3(5x+4) -81 = 0
i'1. (y- 3 ) = -5
2
li5. 7+25(2y+3)
2
=0 '1
~f17ff7iM"' 1 tt:iHLMruhl~fil~ x + 6x = 7 '1

2
rufJw6V
ti'1H1~1::ilAHb21l:Htitlt2hl~fi1Hhfil~H9m
lj A <I <I
tt:ilrurunmi'1M
1
6 'f2 x tGn'2tl
u
Q1 1 Q1 OQ!':t Q1
2 1Jwtruntilfilt~ t5Slti't5nt5ntruHb9lbrlH2hl't5fi1~
C: U A
'1
~i'1Ln2 2
x +6x+GY = 7+(~Y
i+6x+9 = 7 +9
2
(x+3) =16
X + 3 = ±Jl6 = ±4
x+3=-4
t~15jUtrlfJJr:h filtH~m Gtmgfit2Jl15 x2 + bx
· :. '~\1fi£tJ(~f r~rut11mt~l2.mAn~ru
'1 ttll rutf'1Ln2 x2 +b;+(~f =
2
n. x + 4x + 5 = 0
102
PROEUS DARA
2 2
x + 4x = -5 3x -5x = 4
2 5 4
x - 3x = 3
(x+2) =-l
2
i- ~X+ (-~)2 = ~ + 25
3 6 3 36
X +2 = ±,J-1 = ±i (x-~r = ~~
x+ 2 = ±i X-~=
6
+m
- 6
t:ltm:~g
u
x=-2±i '1 X =~+J73'1
6- 6
fi. i + 5x + 2 = 0 2. x(2x + 3) = 6
lli. x
2
- lOx + 25 =0 cr. x
2
- 4x + 8 =0 '1
""
t!::iULnDl15f'd'8ffiS ax 2 + bx + c = 0
t~'8j5Jm~H'8f1M x t~~~ 1
2
t?itun
Hbmbmsb
0 "" ""
a '1
"' ,, ' ' ....
:·.·~/·' .. -~·''\<·~<·,·:·,~:···.:.
"' .., "'
_ c:)' ', ~·· ~
b c e;
2
x + -x+-
a a
=0 • .n rul t'H1 t.~~N f'd'i§ filHll'tHlt}!2 Nl3
~: :·1 '1,',•)
'j§ ru1 ~ t( '1
b
2
X +-X
a
= --ac
;',;<" , ' ''<.<<·.~···;·"·:·.

Q) \ •• ~ ~}'' '',t '
2 2 • 2 fl51!11' p.nh .
~~ tiid~J
b ( b)
2
x + ~ + 2a = - ;c + ( 2ab ) " ,, t
2 2
x + .!!...) = b - 4ac
( 2a 4az
103
PROEUS DARA
2
x :=: __ .!:_ + Jb - 4ac
2a- 2a
~ QHQi
ffi'i§~NUl'tlMb L1
D
= b2 -4ac
0 c::v ~ 0 ~
(1) mmg A>O 'SIZAJ'tlmS'Bl2'iHtHlH:h tHHHlf\'tO'itiffi

"' 1.! u <:;
-b+JA
x 1 == 2
.a ' x2 = -b-:JA
2a !
b
0
(2) tHmz A== o t81ZM'e'nl~'l:fi2~N~t5
""
x1 =
.·
x,
-
= ...,-
2a
"1
(3) thmg A<O tSIZM~nlaffi2'iJMOH:hGSS

"' 1.!
iH!umNffl~
IGV q G\1
- b + F-b.i - b- f:/J.i
xl ==
2a ' x2 = 2a "1
ffl'e' (1) Sb (2) nifbtfl2 Ll~O fU~nla'l:f!S'iJMwl OSSthi '1

'"' IJ
!l ? r (} ? ?
9L'e'u ax-+2bx+c == 0 !:L:Hliffi8Ll == 4b'--4ac == 4(b'--ac) '1
~b nHlfi ts g ttl'e'jn:n gLonru M~ n~s

I
0 •
nruH1~u21biLm'e' :
- b'- Ji;.·
- d5 11· >o M~n~~tnsyMnnnw:w~~~ x,• == a "1
a
""
- m A' = 0
""
M'e'nlaffi2YM~'iJ x1 == x2 = ;_b' '1
- d1 11'<0 M~nl~ffiS'iJMrl~mfi.ssRaumn.hn ?f
"'\..? W }GV GV c:t
xl = -b'+Ui {[
x,- = -&'-Ui
a
"1
cr
2 971113 nn 1 ttn gLnnliHu~ m~ 21t1 'Lm"et mru 'lY~u"e ~
2
n. 9x2 - l2x + 4 = 0 2. 2x - 4x + 5 =0 "1
2
n. 9x - 12x + 4 = 0
104
PROEUS DARA
2
-(-12)±/c=l2) -4(9)(4) 12±J6 12 2
x= = =-=-'1
2X9 18 18 3
2
X = - '1
3
2
2. 2x - 4x + 5 = 0
4 ± J-724.
2
-(-4) ± ,Jc-4) -4(2)(5)
X = 2(2) = 4
= 4 ± 2J6i = 2 ± J6i '1

4 2
i:!ms g
u
M\§ffl~'Hlsm\§ru~~~ 6\J
x = 2 + J6i
2
2-J6i '1
'x=-2-
n. x 2 -6x-7 = 0 2. 3i- 5x + 1 = 0
2
lli. 4x + 3x + 2 = 0 '1
2 2
n. x - 2x + 1 = 0 2. 2x + 5x- 4 = 0
mfJW n. x 2 - 2x + 1 = 0 'HIS a = , b= -2 , c = 1 '1

""
2. 2i + 5x- 4 = 0 'HIS a = 2 , b = 5 , c = -4 '1
t?'i(f!S /:,. = b 2 -4ac = 5 2 -4(2) ( -4) = 57>0
?1. 16x
2
- 40x + 25 'HIS a = 16 , b = -40 , c = 25 '1
t. = 0 ml3J M\3 fil~'HISY M

0 ""
,ti '1
2
lli. 5x - 3x + 4 'HIS a = 5 , b = -3 , c = 4 '1
2
t?'i(f!S D.= (-3) -4(5)(4) = -71<0 '1
105
PROEUS DARA
2
n. x - lOx+ 21 =0 2
2. 2y + 12y + 19 =0
2
'!55. y -20y+5l == 0 '1
. ~9~~ n:THUt.llliHu~ffU .x 2 +(m-8)x+m == 0 Wifi"l'iH1l~ m '1 thmg m == 0 ,
m==2, m=4, m=8 '1
tuf1w 2
x +(m-8)x+m = 0 (1)
""
2
- mmg
• 0 . .
m = 0 M't3ffU: (I) Ltfldl
"" . ,.,..
X - 8x = 0 'i
8x = 0 ~ X( X- 8) = 0 ~
2
x - X = 0 , X- 8 ::: 0 =::} X ::: 0 , X = 8 'j
- 8rmg = 2 M~fna
(1) t94dl x -6x+2
m
2
=0 t?ilf12 Ll' = (3/-2 = 7>0
=}X=-
b•+f'i:i .
-A/Ll :::3±J7 '1
a
2
- mmg 0 "" . ,.,.. ?
m '=.4 hl'efn~ (1) Lt~dl x"-4x+4 = 0 ~ (x-2) == O=*x = 2 'i
- 8rmg m =8 hl~fna Ll t94m x 2 + 8 =0 ~

2
'l5 x == -8
r::;-;
2
k -36 =0 =::}
?
k" = 36 'l5 k = ±,;36 ::: ±6 'i
~
'::1 I!) 0 ~ )
2. ~nm~ k ttJbliSl!3Jn513ff1~ 4x--2kx+k+3 = o Yl2YM4'l5 'i
man'l5hl~utSl g 'i
U "' I
106
PROEUS DARA
ft. fi
a si:l ~ th~run~tsru{§m~~t:Ln'9 2 ts-H

a= -b-/S. , B = -b+/S. '1
2a 2a
ntii:lms
a + B= ~ - IS. + - b + IS. = -~ '1 "ruaru~ru{§m~~q_!)'92 tthru
2a 2a a
nnrutiru
t=): ~
tilfH91
u 9sui9si:l~t1i:ltihl Si:l&'tHHl.fl
~ i
"tShl~fll~wq.~g
"" 'iS "" 2
2
ax + bx + c = 0 , a ::f. 0
cr
ZfT!tnUUI 1
n. x
2
- l3x + 42 =0 2.
2
2x + 3x- 7 =0 '1
tJtfJtJJ
~
n. mms a+ B = - ~
a
= -13 a!) = a~ = 42 '1
2. G?i(flS a+~ = - ~ = -~ , aB = ~ =- ~ '1

a 2 a -
cr
2fT! tn HU7 2
lit SJl~ 2l b r0 -
n. a+~
1 1
3
~
n.J'i5flli (1) tns a+ B=
2
sb a!) = -2 '1
8 107
PROEUS DARA
+ 8x+ 3 =0
n. + 2. +
illS -- Sx + 6 = 0 -5x+ 6 = 0
~
v 2x3
2'+3
ill~ ax + bx + c
2
=0 'l X= tfiQIS a+b+c =0 'i
x = -1 tfiUlS a-b+c =0 'i tJmsg

ll
"" ill~
a+ b + c = 0 hl'e
""sb x, = -c = - 9
- 'i
- a 2
3x- 8 = 0 'i
mm
..,__, a b+c = 5 + 3-8 = 0 '1
illH:llS'Qhl x 1 = -1 ""sb x, = - -c = -8 '1

- - a 5
""' 3
n. 1:h gHDltJJ hl"e fm -·Ll. - - X--
=o 'l
G x 2 x+
2. J:fi1:f)8 ruB' ill~ 2

- x +X+ a =0 'i
0 '
nflJH'l
PROEUS DARA
fi.
H'\'i::fll:Hu-@fll~ +bx+c = 0 ttlbli'i::flS a Sb [3 ctlyn5 '1 t?iQ!Sffi't§"gS"JiJgsbyf15
""Sbb'tl"?irul a+~=--b , c
a~=- '1
1 a a
ax-? + bx + c =a (
a
x'' + bx + ;c)
= a(x--a)(x-~) '1
~g.~~e. ~ ~ eJ<:..) c:t;J ~ Q) ? 2

"..,~~""" nwl"ilrulf:wblif15'tl"fll~wtH19 2'i::flS'l5f152'i.HSlgr;?)(flS ax-+bx+c = a(x-a) '1
ct lJ "\.!J I
l
~G'!lfiUuJ 1 1:l1RntSJl'tl"'tltLn'9 2
2
6x + l3x-5 ctlrlm?jruln~ '1
""
tJt'jJW t?ittllgLfl.llli5f15'tl"m~
""
6x-? + i3x-5 = o r:Slgr:?ir:nsyf15 x1 = 1 "'sb x" =- 5 '1
3 2
t?iQ!S 6x +
2
l3x-5 = 6(x-~) ·[x (- ~)]
= 6 · (x- D-( x + ~) = (3x- 1 )(2x + 5) '1
n. 2x2 3x- l
n. d5 r; ?i r; 1:l1 gLhn ru f15-@ fll~

x=3±Jf7 '1
4
!;] L.l b8 o
"'""' 0
2x 2 - .., U -
. 1 :::: "(
L X- 3+ J0)(
4
X - 3-- J0)
-4- 'j
2. i:t'5b?ir:tllgLfl.llli5f15-@fll~ i-2x+5 =0 !:SlH?iQ!SYf15 x = 1 ±2i '1

2
x -2x-t-5 = [x-(1+2i)][x-(l-2i)] = (x--l-2i)(x-1+2i) '1
2 2
n. 2x +x 21 2. 2x -- llx + 12
2
?i. x + 2x- 1
109
PROEUS DARA
ur. uttlnrutJmtfitUn9
n
2Utunnnrutiruun 8iltiruftnnuru A l/ I .J
M~Al~~t1jl'92 ttlru'i:flSYM a sb ~ 'i:flSSlb (x-a)(x-~) =0

2
x -(a+13)x+a~ = 0 '1 t1msg M~AlHS8'i:flSdlb x -Sx+P = 0 '1
2
U
~ u
til~&gl M~flU~ttn92 ttlru a sb l3 thyhl
ttfiru a+ l3 = S s:b al3 = P 'tflsnb -Sx+P = 0 '1
~FiQIS 5=3+2./2+3-2./2=6 Sb P=(3+2./2)(3-2./2)=9-8=l'i
2fTi'U7iM"' 2 tFi'i:flSM~Al~ x 2 -3x+4 = 0 ttlbli'i:flS a Sb j3 thyM '1 g~anM~Al~

2
ttl bli'i:flSytu a Sb j3 2 '1
aj3 = ~ = 4 '1
a
2 2 2
a +j3 = (a+j3) -2aj3 = 32 -2x4 = 1
2 2 2 2
a j3 = (aj3) = 4 = 16 '1
H1rl~BSfHI:llllifuHUtlruurH~Sb
lJ , R U --1
20 sbtlrum1.fH~Sb
I --1
51 '1
20
t{j Sb x 2
ti1GSSglbfiHSlg {Xl +Xz =
lJ X 1X 2 = 51
tFiQIS S = 20 , P = 51 '1
J w'tiJ~ nu ~ 2 'Sl g t l='i'[!l ~ 'I:Jlg Lhll ru M'f5 Al~

5""' .o ""'
u
2
x -20x+51 = 0 !!..' = 49.>0
110
PROEUS DARA
tf.1i:UJ~tn.rrHIJUlt15hl~flls~t1_!19 2 hlL'tflli
n:tHLtu~ruthrun9 hl.gfll~~ t1_!19 2 Hrl fi'l'i:3~'Ull ~
qy1 rhry b '] ~~ 13jH:tlZ Lnn ru
0 0 "' ~ ~ oJ
~uQtltHrungr.,nnrumrun9tU'i:3fll~wt1_!191 tta '1
1 crt run 9tti nHnRsb sb hl~flla~ t1_!1
2
tf.'JU12 x(x + 8) = 128 '\:1 x + 8x- 128 = 0
tt:lHLMt15hl.gfllH~2 &r:l1TI~ x 1 =8 ; x 2 = -16 '1
ctfl-bttuf
11 &
d5 x =8 , x + 8 = 16 bf.'!U18 x(x + 8) = 8 x 16 = 128 '1
dJ X = -16 , X+ 8 = - 16 + 8 = -8
[f.'llf18 x(x+ 8) = -16(-8) = 128 ~;;'] '1
&f.'JU18 x(x + 10) = 1200m 2 2

t:{ x +lOx- 1200 = 0
U:h2LMt15hl.gfil~ tfitfl8 x1 = -40 ; x2 = 30 '1
tf.'!UlStHrun ru
n
x + 10 = 30 + 10 = 40m '1
Llit~tlmb (30+40)x2 =140m '1
trfjbtJltf t~1_!1ijl 30m x 40m ~13~:1

2
= I 200m '1
~mfH mbcrmdUl~lflsLut~b 140m "~

u
1.11
PROEUS DARA
cJ' I~ ~·
'U Hl5 'i:fl nt (fl Hf'l j;lHl H1.H\.fl 2
I
:.? fTI 'U1 Ulfl 3 I C'J >1
t94 nb9
"'
n ~b'i:3
~ w
ru m'i:39 ft5 rLi5 H~t:H'i521b
u u
rul'i
G1
I
't{ St(t- 8) == 0 ~ t == 0 't{ t 8 == 0 ~ t == 8 121 g '1

r == o cruru:u:uut~:Hucnrumrh:Jg'i:1nt~ruu~'i:3ftfls
1 ~
~s&'i:3sthtlT~ru 1
~ ~
tlmsg
u
2
-St +40t+SO == o 'i5
~
sl-40r-so == o
i-8t--l0 == 0
t == 4 ±J26
8 == 4+ f26 'i Ctllt15 t?:O
- AjLIJ
tltH8 g mrum~'i:3ntl rut1nb ~ ru:w ru 4 + Ji6 == 9.099 121 g '1

u G\1 "'
l
112
PROEUS DARA
GSJl
'1
a+
b :=: '1
" l_Ytf1M113~n +bi)+(c+di) = + +
" ju'i:fln.n113tJ
u
n +bi)-(c+di) = c)+
" l_Y'i:f1M113~nn (a+ bi)(c + = + +

0
" l_Y'i:f1M1n~un mrm c+di=FO
a+ bi
c+
+ bx+ c = , a =FO 'I
l. t tll g ~ fUlliH'll'i:3 d b!H'i M nm : b{j A x B = 0 bSU = 0 u B = 0 '1

G 1 G1 ~
2. n:llg1fl1lmm·i:Hlinb1Jl:munm
J g ....,
: b mdss~fi
u
d5 = b ~m =
?
x-+hx+l
(
= (x+
l3
PROEUS DARA
-b-~
Xz = 2a
r. 1'1 n.n 21 nbSJl'e ::n l::H Lm'e
n. 3 -i-4- J~ 2.
n. - 8 + 6i = a+ bi 2. a+ bi + (J4.- ~) = - 1- 6i
1'1. (2a + 1) + (2b + 3)i = 5 + l2i lli. a+ bi = 8 + 12 i '1

+
3. 1'1 rt.fl2l
n. lSi- (3- 25i) + ,J-81 2. (- l + i) - ,fi- F-2 1'1. (3-4i/
lli. (2 + i)
3
b. 2 + 3i
--?._+-.
i
2--.)/ l-1
8. 2{~-2)
2i- 1 i + 2
'1
4. t tr1 gLM ru fll~ ms ::n b &Lfil'e
n. 2
(x-1) -S(x-1) = 0 2. ( 8"r
y+ + 49 =0
1'1. 5 Jsx
2
- lOx+ J5 = 0 lli. ·-~X+~ = 0
3 6
b.
?
3iy--y+2i = 0. 8. l )2 + -1 -3)-2(2x-3) =0 '1
114
PROEUS DARA
"' 2
~ f11f17 i fl[J
2x-y-5z=3 (l)
5x- y + 14z = -11 (2)
l 7x-2y+9z = -5 (3)
2x-y-5z=3 (1) 5x-y+ 14z = -11 (2)

{ 7x-2y+9z=-5 (3) { 7x-2y+9z=-5 (3)
- 4x + 2y + lOz = -6 -lOx+ 2y- 28z = 22

7x-2y+9z = -5 7x-2y+9z = -5
3x + 19z0 = -11 -3x -19z = 17
3x+l9z=-ll
-3x-l9z = 17
n.
rx+y-3z
2x- 3y + 2z
= 11
= 9 2.
r+2y = 5
y + 2z = -1
X+ y + Z = -3 z + 5x = 7
lx+2y+3z = 7 l3x+ y-2z = 2

1=1. 2x+3y+z =8 m. - 6x- 2y + 4z = -2 '1
3x + y + 2z = 9 9x+3y-6z = 6
117
PROEUS DARA
Llirl~W~ff'lHSg ~UtHiH15Yfn~~t'{!i9 1
I
sb NYAI~~'l!ig 2 'i:flSClnHJJlfi 'I

""' ~~f51ih'5m~
Li
sbd 2 Wnb ff'!HtfH
1J . ~
1
Lnnrultin~w~m~~bl_!i9 1 sbw~fm
~tLn'92
y = X -l
{ X 2 +y 2 = 13
rJdJw t?l'l:flstyn~w~m~ {Yz = ~-l (1)

611
X +y = 13 (2)
run (1) clswnb
II co
(2)
1
2
x +(x-1) 2
= 13 ~ 2x 2 -2x-12 =0 ~
?
x--x-6 =0
n:tuLnnruw~m~~tLn'92 tSI2t?1Ql2 x = -2 , 3 '1
"" x
m = -2 t m g ( 1) y = -3
~u x = 3 & mg c1) y = 2 '1
2
x - 0 y = (1)
{y = 2-x (2)
run (2) dswnb (1)

1
x -2 + x =0
1.1 '"l
m""' x = 1 ~mg (2) y =1
118
PROEUS DARA
2 f17 f.fl uwct3 ntu Lnn ruL1Hl" ~ ~"tHm

,. {x+y=ll"',
xy = 30
atffw nnru x+y = 11 sb xy = 30 tSH X sb y my~h~~~m~

2
t - 11 t + 30 = 0 '1
ttll8Lhflrutu~mw~g ~f:l'QlS t = s ,6 '1
tlmsgN~fllH:llS'i5~ (x=5, y=6) ~ (x=6, y=S) '1

u " -
.,. ""
t_~~~~ 1 tt1HLnnru,y~~~~flll~b~1Jl113 :
n.
y =X+ 2
2.
Y = J3x 1!1.
X+ y = 25
• '1
? 2
{ x- + y = 10 {
X
2 ?
+ y- = 48 { xy = 150
ruffw mt! x , y m11:ll1JitSGt')tffln.ntnb (x>y::>O)

trubms : J2(x+ y) = 270 15 . . ·. .·. . I35 {x.•.".+~ · ~.·.·
l
xy = 4284 "'- xy = .4284
~rut!ms ~~m~ : t -13St+ 4284 =

2
/). = .1089 = 33
2 t = 135 ± 33 '1
2
- 135-33-51
X!- - Y1 = 135-51 =' 84 '1
x2 = 135 + 33 = 84 tmg y2 = 135-84 =51 '1
2(84 +51)= 2 X 135. = 270. "'. "".

{ 84 X 51 = 4284 1:1 "' '1
119
PROEUS DARA
tu't3filHtH1.H1lw
"" " !.. tth ru : ( ntnmn::i
I
" ru'i:fls
tj ,~ n) = o t'UTl mtu@ m~ tj 'Ln 9 n '1

ctJlgUU1rutu@mstj,Ln'93 st1
~fl1'if1UW 1 x 3 +x -3x-6 = 0
2
dltu@fil~ tu@ms 1j t~'94 tn ru'] ff113ff1Hhfin ru
i=1n.flnff1'1
1 "
4 2
2x -3x -x+2 = 0 dltu@ms!jtLn'94 '1
R
& }fltH f:j')g uul ru hlU filHU ffl u~ ftHrltij 1
r:nst!:hrumsthfi thdrui=1Mnffi
I G'l
'1
2
X - 1 = 0 ti x + X + 1 = 0
""
X = 1 ti X = - l ± J3i '1
"" 2
~rnsg tu@ms'i:flSLH~ru x = 1 , -I~ J3i '1
~ETJU?UW 3 ti:Jlglnnrutu@m~ 3
x + 3x
2
- 4x -12 =o '1
rufJtJJ i + 3x
2
- 4x- 12 = 0
"'
(x +3x )-(4x+l2) = 0 tl'iffiuff!Rthn~
3 2
r:ns x2 (x+3)-4(x+3) = 0
( x + 3) ( x
2
- 4) =0
(x+3)(x+2)(x-2) = 0 '1
""' ""
tu't3filS'i:f1Sut~ru x = -3 , -2, 2 '1
~£nU?Uln 4 ti:Jlglnnrutu@ms x
4
=1 '1
120
PROEUS DARA
0 ? 0
i = t Sl f3J t"- 1 = 0 Sl f3J t = ±1 '1
"" 2
t'i5 t == X = -1 ~Slg X = ±i '1
~l='ilf18 l-2t-8=0
""
t'i5 t = x" = 4 => X ± 2
?
'1
tli t :::: i = -2 =>X = ±h i '1
"" .,
1,~ t;HS ~ 1 L
t l:!l g hflliHt5 ~ flU 2l tH LfD'B
Fl. = 8
3
2. x -9x =0
ti./-13/+36 = 0
5 '
l:l. y = 25/
., "'
t,~~~~3 = x4 +3i-l2x2 +2x+4 sh =x 4 3 2
tl='if3J f(x) g(x) +2x -8x +x-2
121
PROEUS DARA
I ~ 0
" LM ruu fiTl nlJ ~tHHu ruuli

t:p f
'
aHu x '1
si:i19Mu9nffl
l.i " >1
ti':'lQIS /(2) = 23 -5 X 2 + 6 = 4
f(i) = i -5i+6
3
= 6-6i '1
3
d5tf:'liDnmSJl'ijf(x) = x -5x+6 GGnSi:l
3
x-2 ti':'lQIS x -5x+6 = (x-2)·(x2 +2x-1)+4
ti':'lfO,braillmm
n "-"
/(2) =4 '1
-Sx +6 ~
t~m~&Ln'9 1 x-a &Sill ti':'lQIShlMbl.h:nti~s x3 -2x2 Ii + 2x- 1
Sx
to J '1 2x
2
- 4x
-x+6
-x+2
d5R m !Jnnru Qbr=mrmnH2Jl'ijrltfJm

I
f(x) Sb x...,.a HrHti':'lQIS R = f(a) '1
0 '
f:'iJtf:'liDn q(x) r:hl:lrufumnb f(x) Sb x--a l:tDID R r:hMnn c~m G'i"\QIS9Sln
&lsi:!: f(x) = (x-a)q(x)+R '1
dsfO a t9inbhl{gnucsg ti':'l012 f(a) = (a-a)q(a)+R = R '1

w "'I
l::lmsz
u
f(a) =R '1
122
PROEUS DARA
3
f(x) = x + 3x + 4 '1
""
fLJ'i:H11S X- 2 = 0 'i:llS'U fL5 x =2 '1
"'
+3(-3)+4 = -27-9+4 = -32
3 3 2
n. (x +2x-12)+(x+l) ?i. (2x + x - x + 7) + (x + 2)
2. (4i 2i -9) + - l) ill.

2
(3x -2x+ 2) + (x+ 3) '1
f(x) dlnmm 'i d5 a dlm~ruh.1w~nU f(x) =0

I "'
2'li'i:lldl q(x) dlJ:lrufGn t~Ol8 +R
L:imsg f(a) == (a. +R

u
f(a)=O+R
~ r::n ru f(a) =0 '

R 0 '1
L:imsg f(x) = (x- '1

u
rltfjffi f(x) tGnf.tlGSh x-a '1
123
PROEUS DARA
1 m
uffJW
If!)
ffitl f(x) = i- 3x2 + 4x + p
3
f(2) = 2 - 3 X 2- + 4 X 2 + p
?
=0
bf:'iUJS4+p=O
.
'i5p=-4 '11:ltHsg
u ~
p=-4 '1
0 '
x-3 'i:flSMMill 9 '1
GHnNrtf!rumnintnm
tJ l
f(x) tun'Sb (x-2)(x-3) '1
utiW mtl q(x) rJH~rutumtlb f(x) Sb (x-2)(x-3) '1 HfHiH\mNMbl.Jt:hmJp:n
ttH15'i:flS~C~n'f3tl5
l.,~ u
'i5fi'Gdlb'sg
'-!:!.. u
H'lffiGMHM~
f(x) = (x-2)(x-3)q(x)+ax+b (1)
dSM X= 2 nb (1) &?ililS f(2) = 2a+b

lJ "'1
dSM X= 3 nb (l) '?ilil2f(3) = 3a+b

w "'!
2a + b =5
f(2) = 5 sb f(3) = 9 '1 tlmsg {
u 3a + b =9
0 I I C$
tlmsg
IJ
MM&lH'i5hlrJU!tnf(x)
1
?i 4x-3 '1
"" ""
i,5t;i5~ n. ~sn2fi'Jt-Hrum ,~mspmnt~~Lrn'emutunrncist~ x-3 ~~9? '~ x+ 3
nm!s
£l
ntnmrnb
1
t m g15 w?
~
.,
- 2x- -5x + 6
124
PROEUS DARA
n. x 3 + x 2 - 8x- 12 = 0 • tl.Yij~tHH'l[l t'tj13jH;:ilg

1_,hlltiHu-Hm~~ tU1~ n5
• ~H:l1 ~EHu-HnutJ
n
t'irHUI:lltb
v ~
fd
nbthn.mg
tm ru f(-2) =o tsu f(x) ~Gnmcisb x + 2 "'1
f(x) = 0 u:n g (x + 2)(i- x- 6) =0·

2
X +2 =0 'i5
""'-
X - X - 6 =0
X = -2 ~ X = -2, 3 '1
~l'lQIS f(x) = (x-2)(i-x+2)

2
f(x) = 0 tSH (x-2)(x -x+2) = 0
tl'l(flS x-2=0 ~x -x+2=0 , x = 2 ,

2 x = 1 L{ii '1
2
r:wtsg
u
ro-Hnw~:nsm-Hru x 6\1
= 2 ,
1
L!7i '1
2
a£n muuJ"' 2 t mgLnn ru ro-H rn ~ mtl q.fi113
4 2
filYW n. mb f(x) = x + / - 6x +X+ 3 'j
""
= 0 n:ng f(x) tGnl:llGSb x-1 QISr:lru~Gn g(x) =
2
&l:llti5 f(l) + 2x -4x-3 '1
13jlbt9J61tl:llru g(-3) =o tsu g(x) tGni::ilrlstix+3 msr:lrut'tsni-x-1 '1
1::\msg
u
f(x) = (x-l)(x+ 3)(x -x-l) '1
2
125
PROEUS DARA
2
f(x) = 0&218 (x-l)(x+3)(x -x-l) = 0
tf:lQlSx-1=0 Y.x+3=0 y_i-x-1=0
X =l ' X=-
3 '
x=l±Js'1
2
~msz tu~ffl~'i:flsm~ru x
... ...
= -3 , 1
1± J5 '1
2
4
~- mtl 3 2
f(x) = 4x -4x -9x +x+2 '1
n:tJli5 /(-1) =0 tmg f(x) ffiufun!:JlGStl x+ 1 QlS!:lrutGn

3 2
4x -8x -x+2 = g(x) '1 t!:JltiJ g(2) = 0 CSU g(x) tGn!:Jlcistl x-2 QlS!:lru
<> ?
Wn 4x" -1 '1
= (x-2)(2x+ 1)(2x-1) '1
~tHS8 f(x) = (x+ l)(x-2)(2x+ 1)(2x-l)

f(x) =0 ::::} x + 1 = 0 Y. x- 2 = 0 ~ 2x + 1 = 0 ~ 2x- 1 =0
t!tHSZ
u
X= -1 ' 2
dl9t9intlmH!:h8Hinru
U"" l.j
tu~m~~t,ns
l.j
3 r:f:lmtmm
"'-"
m~ru~ru'i§tl
6VlJOI!J
wr:tfirur:mturu
I
tu~m~~'I.Sis 2 ft!ruLnH!:JlgLnnruu~ '1 ~msz tu~ffl~~'Lns 3 @sffiG'i:flsm~ruqjs

u
mru rumm !:h g;l.jnnru hl~ffl~~ &~ns

l.j
4 tf:lQlS
,
~n till "'-"
mtH~ID"Uti51:1h
ovunw
smtfi rut si
turu hl~ffla~tLns 3 ft~rutf:lUJH!:hzLnnruu~t9Jn '1 ~msg tu~m~~'Lns 4 @sH"Jm:ns
u
Gt~ruqgsdltl1JSt9 '1
tf:lffiGn~ nnHl1i~G2ltl r:rur:sHhm ztu~m~~ 'Lns s titl ft~~ '1
""' ~""' 1
1.:,5 aHs r: !:h gLnn ru hl~ ma21 tl 'Lm~
~- i- 2x
2 2
n. x
3
- 3x - 8x- 4 = 0 - 4x + 8 =0
4 3 2
lli. x +x· -x +x-2 = 0
tl. 27/ + rsl = 2

3
13. x + 2x + 3x- 6 = 0
2
~.x -5x-6=0
4
d. 5x 3 - 3x 2 - 32x- 12 = 0 '1
126
PROEUS DARA
~stnnrtlmiaiunnhnthuJ
1n n
n. t?'lffiS hl~nU x -4x +ax+ b tiH~rt.nfiiilh~ Sb b

3 2
=0 '1 U
a CN
tt:IH15hl1rth5tu
Y't '!)
- 11 - 2i- 4(- 3 + 4i) +a+ 2ai + b = 0
- 11 - 2i + 12- 16i +a+ 2ai + b = 0
(b+l+a)+(2a-18)i = 0
t?'IQIS a+b+l=OSh2a-18=0
a= 9 , b = -10 '1 r:J0 s hl&'ib'i:3

IJ
"
a
""
sb b
""
nb hl~m~ x 3 - 4x2 + 9x- 10 = 0

"'I
x- 2 = 0 ti
'-'-
x
2
- 2x + 5 =0 '1
!:lmsg
u
x =2 ; 1 ± 2i '1
X X
!
I
-------------- I
I
I I
I I 8cm
I I
I I
I !
X X
mri ~ b HH~l_,n m tu &su 3r:m fi
I
12cm
tit run
n
rush ggb m'i:3d n.nu
1
1
( !:lmti)
u u
t ~'i:3~toctl'itiH'li'i:3
~ & G u
ru f!:l ru'tfls nl:r1m
G
ru ri ftir; fnb '1
127
PROEUS DARA
( 12-
1:H:w::;g X= 2 'U X= 4±2J2 'i

u "'-
0
ti5-Hnu~t'in'91
G
1:flsu~-amr;dmu~~r;dlm~sf15-@m~~~'in'91
m Ylcti n L) dJ LJ
tnsu~Hm5'1
m
'i
~ l ~
molJti"Hhhn im:n ru 'i5 n 'D1 ih5 Ql ~ 'ttl ru tl swcs

u~
ti5 n b m H t:tH HtJl
G
ru ~'i5 ~ s M-@ m H s g 'i
L.;c:a
I
0
eJ ..::v r::J 0
L'D r1 ~ M'B mH t:Hu~ ~ E:ll ru M'B mHHLn~n

l
~ c:3l c::t.J
sb M-@ fllj~ ~LnG2 t ttl gLWJt15?ii'B~til5rn~
st~tlstu'i
IJ
~~ 0 t ~ 0 1 cJ <:::::)
"'1J~U!H\H1.nru : m R ctHi.H1JH151Jhfilw:mntSJ1'i:H1lf1mJ(x) sb x-a rsm

I
n~l5bQl2 R = f(a) 'i
f(x) 'Ut'Utr!ClSt\5 a nb f(x) fr!Ql2 f(a)

"" 0
= 0 'i
"'- 1.1 "'
l
128
PROEUS DARA
wun uuto'"U .... " --
x + y + z"= 6 'x+y=3
Fi. f3 y- V- .)Z =0 2. y+z =5
llz+x=6
lx-2~+5z= 1
~+~+~ = 9
X y Z
~- ~ + 3 == 9
r2x + v =5
?1. ill. i ? •?
X y Z lx" + y· = 25
l 1 3
- +--- == -9
y z
3x + 2y = 5 3x + 2y = 6
~. { x 2 + 2xy + 2y 2 ti. { 9x 2 -4y 2 = 108
=5
4 3 2
?i.
2
- 2x -15 =0 ill. x + 8x + 9x - Sx--10 == 0
ti. x(x+l)(x+2)(x+3) = 24 <J
eJCp 0 1 ~ eJQp C I
4. !:ltnm p(x) btin8~ x-1 tfl80.Hl.llbl54 ttnli5 p(x) htin8~x-3 ffi2Mbl.Ilbl510 <J
1
6. i;?if3'i i+x-6 mnmisr:ltntnj(x)

i!J f1 1
= 2x 4 +x 3 -ax 2 +bx+a+b:....l 'i
129
PROEUS DARA
n. rurm
!!)
tlum:
u
5>-2 '-3<7 '-3:S::a '424 'a<b,
a+ b > c ~l:lwmnbSHchsgmTlcll 1tu'Bmtl 'i
3. runB :i rutum1
130
PROEUS DARA
.,
m a>b c~n a+c>b+c ' a-c>b
tti'i:flS1tu'ijffH1 4>-3 (2) '1
- d5mtJMHbilb'rla'fs1tu'ijffln~sgsb
1 ~
3 tmns 12>-9 'i:fls 9nHf:tif:lo1M~ffH1
u
- dhtitJMHbilbri&'fs1tu'ijmn
1 ~
(2) si'.l -3 mms -12<9 ms 9Nwi~run1M~ ~
I
mm~~ '1
(1). &{j a>b Sb c>O t~H ac>bc
(2). ttl a>b Sb c<O t21g ac<bc.
"" "" 0
i~~~§ Gmtnmturrn
u rn >
"'-.')
'i5
"'-
< Qb 1.Y mhn b t Lfil'ij
"' I
n. -4 <-1 tSig-4+2 0-1+2'1
2. 2>-3 &212 2-3 D -3-3
ti. -5 <4 t21g (-5) (-2) 0 4(-2)
lli. 2 >-6 ~21g2+4 D (-6)+4 'i
131
PROEUS DARA
fil'i:Hlin n.n :~ hl'l:H'ilbl nb1~ t filM t?lQlS x < 3 + 4

B "'1 l.J
sb x+3>4 sb x+4>3 'i
A t tn gLnnru~ tij{§ fil~
., ~LngLnnru1 hl{§fil~m'i:HubJfi
"'
4
BL-..------'C
X
mb x mG ~ s U1 ~ dn 'i
u
tl'lms x + 3 < 7 m1 tu{§nurl ttfi9

'tfl ~ 'l:Hll H ITfU'i 'i
1.! ~
'-_tn_~_,_~~-1-hl_{§_m_d_~_tu_n_9
m{§(;;\) t15 nHd1 hl{§ fild ~'ifiU
m_s_~_ru_H_~_~_m
__l __A
Ax+B>O ttJru
~ ~~! s ~-Hlll
Sbs _ g _ L ~
___ ~
B mGssrlGl'i
~ ftH15 tGGltj
lJ
_ ·
G·{~ hl{§ fill~~
_____JJI
'i 1: ttHHtflt151 hl@ m~

L m GV G
"'
~lnn5ru1t 'Uhl~s1hl~m~
~
f15ru1~S'if1Um~rumf151hl~fill
1 G w
'1
132
PROEUS DARA
3. :tMtulrutlnuBttn9 1 ffiSJjtunypn
t?lHlG tt,ti rnQrrn :~ M15mr~ Qtl m~ t mgt,hflru~ M~ m~ '1 ~ritm gt,Nlru'tfla rnQ rrn:
I
Lli rUl rnQ~'Stl1ut mgt,Nlru M~ms &1:1 ~ '1
tJtfJw 15 + 2x > -11

""
~:fims: l5+2x-J5>-ll-15
2x > -26
x>-13 '1
~ Cl.1 0 0 ~
t:lmsg Jfd15filJ'tf18fdrultH15li5 {xlx>-13} ~ xE (-13, +=) '1
u a 6\1 -
--~~r-~1---+1--~1--~1---+1--~1--~~
-13 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
cr
~EntnUlfl 2 n:hgl,Nlli51fd~f!1J 5(y-3) 7y2::4(y-3)+9 '1
""'
tJt'f!W 5(y 3) 7y2:: -3)+9
5y-l5-7y2:: 12 + 9 (rnn rrn :litmn

&
- 2y- 15 2:: 3
-2y-15-4y2:: -3-
6y- 15 2::-3
6y- 15 + 15 2::-3 + 15 (tJnsb

u
15 )
-6y 2:: 12
y:::::-2 '1
-1
133
PROEUS DARA
"
2 fl1 ffl UU1 3 tHhLi1StOtrHu'i52~21m
U I! 1.1 I a>
'1 Slb99blili12tlSU~211tl~'i5b~
1.1 <0 I a> U
89 , 92 sb
I
82 '1 t~'i5munlfil~nsfntu~2~mubt'ifilrutiSls
lJ
t~~1tH1li5Li1S~U1~tS Cl S<0 tn tumb'i52~2
U <0
u
1 a> I
1
1--1 1..1 V 1.1 I
I
tihb~m~sb
--1
9o '"~
4(89 + 9~ + 82 + x) 2 4 X 90
tf:l(flS 89+92+82+x2360 , 263 + X 2 360 '1
263 + X- 263 2 360 - 263 , X 2 97 '1
n. 3x-4<7x+20 2. (x-2)>
3 - 6
6 8 li5 2x-63x+2
R. 8+-y<-y+12 . -5->-5- '1
5 -5
t~m~tLn'9 1 'HlSnb f(x) = ax+b tt:iru a;t:O '1
&~m~tLn'9 1 f(x) = 3x-9
thmg X= 3 , j(3) = 3X3-9 = 0 tS1:5 X= 3 ltlytut2t~1:fl '1
BLmg x = 1 , f(l) = 3x 1-9 = -6 tSlgt9m'HlSnt~H~d'HlStsi1f01~

I! GV aJ-
x = 1 '1
0
mmgx=4 ,J(4)=3x4-9=3
~ ~ ~ ~~
tw~JhlnJlhlbJJH~m f(x) = 3x-9 t?lLnn.iJ f(x) = 0; 3x-9 =0 tSlg x =3
~ u
d5 x>3 tSlg 3x-9>0 f(x)>O '1
ttl x<3 &Slg 3x-9<0 , f(x)<O '1
134
PROEUS DARA
X i_oo 3 +oo
f(x) = 3x-91 +
wnnturrnL:JtHnftantmg~:gm
u· ~ u c::t 4
g(x) = -5x+2 '1
g(x) = 0 ¢::> -5x + 2 = 0 Y. x = 52 '1
m"" x>-2 ~:mg -5x+2<0 , g(x)<O '1

5
d5 x<~ tmg -5x+2>0 , g(x)>O '1
£?1Qii:H'fldlhMCJJ1tS g(x) = -5x+2 ~G21btUf113

""'
2
X
5 +oo
g(x) = -5 + 2j +
0 . . b
utmg&gm
()
f(x) = ax+ b 't::flSl X=.,.. -:
·. a
ffi'UM
"'
.·
b
X -00 +oo
f(x)
WnJlMCJJl ~:~m;;nb tLm-e

.....
n. f(x) = -3x+21 2. g(x) =X+1 '1
4
m. nn :uuurr'l n.n1numtHUffi1t~mBttn~
-....
1
.n. 7x>-14 2. -3x-6>0 '1
rugw n. t?l't::flS 7x>-14 y_ 7x+ 14>0
S'flb j(x) = 7x+l4 '1 j(x) = 0=?7x+l4 = 0 Y. X= -2 '1
&?lQIS S'fldlb Mmli:9WlL:IG21b tUffl'e

~ A U
f(x~>O ~-oo
-2 +oo
I
0 +
I
135
PROEUS DARA
fil1:Hildli:J f(x) > 0 fflb15Ml X> -2 'i5 x E ( -2, -'-co) 'i
"'-
2. fili:J g(x) = -3x-6>0 'j g(x) = Q=:}-3x-6 = 0 u. X= --2 'j
u.1mamnbn.nmwm :
~ "
~-oo
-2 +co
g(x;>O + Q
i?il'tH'ilnb g(x)>O mrumn x<-2 u. XE ( -00 '-2 ) '1
1: i:ll guul ru1 n;{J fil~ 2l b bun't3 i?il't3 hi~ b~ m

""'
5
n. 4x-6 >0 2. -4x+
4 50
R. 3 y + 2 - 5 > - y + 7 + 2 y m. -2-~y:2:0 '1
2
291U7iM 1 tn;4sucid:iun~~wn't3runbm'i
u " i-J" w l
tmn.nfnb ftjru'i:f1S1HO{fltt5l_Yt~b 7m '1 t~
£n;j sUl~ run9'9b ~21 g'[Y f~ b~ §:IS f-Hn ~ g£~'t3j6J

u
GJ1H8lg'i:f1Sti1'i:f1LnUdlb 20m GlbG~EJ9Jl~Gdlb
* ti:Jlg'Lhflti51 n;{Jfil~'i:JlSfit~ •
2
42m '1
i:llthnfi
utiw mb x mLuf~b9GbGJ1~ x ~nmf-Hn
2b x>O '1
2(x+7)>20 (1)
{ 7x<42 (2)
1 n;{Jmasr1b n~~mmi'Snm
n A"'
'i'ij~ s~ n;{Jnu
t_; "'
I
~t~n'Gi 1 'i:f!S't3ru~nmn '1 n~'t3 x ftjrutdlbmii

G u ~ ~ ~ ~
Ul't3~Qt~~n;{Jm~sr1bn~m n5ru]m~ru 'tslu~~

l
1 n;{§ filJ 'j
136
PROEUS DARA
tfitn2 2x+l4>20<==>2x>6<==>x>3"'
m-e1M~fil~ (2) : 7x<42 '\i x<6 "'
~~"d x ti:Jru!:~~f.t16'lltl'iHiln~~tij~fil1
<N <4 lJ c:tct
,..::;
(1) S~ (2) ""
fi 3<x<6 'i
'- 1
~msg tn5J2lf~run9'9~GJ!a~rnrhmg1Yr~~ 4m ti"'- 5m '1

lJ
:zrnmuuf2 ttngLtulruTIJ~s { 2 x+ 5 ~ 3 (1)

"' 14-5x>4 (2)
m'B (1): 2x+5~3<==>2x~-2<==>x~-l
m-e (2): l4-5x>4<==>-5x>-10<==>x<2"'
tdl~r:ilit~JlS~~ nJ~filH~'etrubtnS X~ -1 Sb X< 2 ~~ '1

&J 4
tH~ rumnhtirl
@J t_;
8~
d3
M~filjfi x ~ -1 rt:~ rut~bf.tliHl'i:3Rlnb1
~ & l)
IU~filSmb ~h '1 ctO!i
I
x~-1
x<2
X ~-l
---4---+---1+-~1~~--~--~~~~~
S~ X< 2 -3 -2 -1 0 2 3
m'e ( 1) 3x- 5 > 2x- 3 ¢::? 3x- 2x > 5 ¢::?X> 2
m'\3 2x + 7 Z 9 ¢::? -2X Z 2 ¢::? X~ -1
x>2
-3 -2 -1 0 2 3
X;::; -1
-3 -2 0 2 3
X ::;-1
ti"'- X>
137
PROEUS DARA
"" ""
i5a5~ tttuutflruL'lin ~~ tu~fmZ~b q_.Jrn13 :
2x+ 5 ;?::5x-4 5- X> 7
n. { 2. {
x-7 ;?::2x- 3 2x + 3;?:: 13
l
5<4(y+2)-5y
2x-7 ::;6x+ 5
?1. { lli. 1 '1
4x-ll :::;4 + x 2y+ 3 > 2
cr
2f17iflifl.f71 £tllgLftflrutu~ill~ l3-2xl = 17 '1
3-2x 3 --2x
----*------------r-----------*-----------.x
-17 0 17
~ ?l'[!i ~ t til gLhl1 ru tu~ rna f1 ~ ti 3 - 2x = 17 'U

"'-
3 - 2x = -17
u
-2x = 14 ~ -2x = -20
X = -7 'li"'- X = 10 '1
0 el 0
n::nru l3-2xl>17 tSHntSJ113 3-2x mtlu~snHuudltl

~ C» t:::.1 t::ll
t?lU1~ttil8Lftflru~tu13illHU?l 3-2x<-17 ~ 3-2x>l7
u
-2x<-20 15 -2x > 14

"'
x> 10 15"'- x<-7 '1
n5ru1ud5ru&s~
I GV
tuurn~ti xE ] - = ' -7[ u ]10 ' + =[ '1
,.., 0
"" 21 iiH8u s s
15nLftflrutru15 & lJ
-7 0 10
138
PROEUS DARA
H:ll ti5 13 - 2xl ::; 17 !: SH fH SJl'e 3 - 2x

0 '? ~ Q!c$
GSS 'i
lJ
I:RUl~ U::ll glnflti5 <fd'\3 illHH R
u
-2x :2:-20 Sb -2x::; 14
x:S 10 sb x:2:-7
' 10 J ~
C>O !:RQlS :
l. !Ax+B! = C 'i:llSSti5ffi Ax+B = C y_ .Ax+B = -C 'i
2. IAx+BI<C 'i:llSSti5lll Ax+B>-C Sb Ax+B<C
( y_ntibHlGMHM~ -C<Ax+ B<C) 'i
3. !Ax+BI>C 'i:llSSti5ffi Ax+B<-C y_ Ax+B>C '1
"" "'
i~(;H5~ ~:trHLnnm~M~il1~2lbtLfil'B ~GtinLnnmtruu~~8~s '1
n. l2x- 31 <4
2. l2x 11 3 :2:2
f-1. \x; 81::; 4
'Iii. l8x- 71 > 1 '1
139
PROEUS DARA
4 2
u ~ (Q !i.HJJH1Il1 ru{5 nlJ ~ bLn 9

~,
+ 3x -· 5 < 0 , :::; 4 ,
c) ~ ~,
• t tll gUlfl ruLu r1 ~ Hu 'i:1 fll ~
~b[.fiSl2
2
X 't::fl 2 d)t} ax + bx + C > 0 'ji
"H8~611ru-HmJ:tl[1nSl2
I G'l lJ
2
ax + bx + c < 0 ttl ru a :t 0 <j
3.
f(x) = +bx+c ttlm a:tO '1
= i 3x 10 'i
il. = 49 > 0 , x1 = -2 x2 5 '1 tll R
= x2 - 3 X- 10 = + 2) (X- 5) 'i
PROEUS DARA
X -00 -2 5 +oo
x+2 + +
---
x-5 - - +
f(x) = (x + 2)(x- 5) + - +
-2 0 5
J 0 1
fflb f(x) = 2x- -7 X+ 3 'i f',. = 25 > 0 Sli3J X1 = - , X2 =3 'i
2
tfii::JH!; f(x) dlnm
"
tfiQIS f(x) = (2x-l)(x-3) "" " f(x) ffl'i:3ffldlbZlbi:Lll11:3
'i Gfift5nJlft5~1:8
"'
1
X 2 3 +oo
2x-l + +
x-3 +
f(x) = (2x-l)(x-3) + +
~~ t::l. '? ~ ) te) c. <""! 'a~

hfiSw ft5nJlft5~l:SU'lm ax-+bx+c ttll115Lf11SI:f1ft5nJl ft5~~k15tirul a .,w
"' . "'
(x-a)(x--0) 'i thmg a>O tfitnsmnbt:!G~ibt'illl'i:l:
u L;
PROEUS DARA
X -CO a 3 +=
x---a - b + +
-
X B - - 0 +
(x- a)(x ~) + ) - +
f(x) hHTTli:lG a !i.HTTH~ITI a tUITlli:lG a

rn u ., "'I
"'->
m u
--------------~~--------------------------------
0 -~ .lJ::._ 2 '
mm g D.> 0 2"" a> 0 hl'i:H1U ax + bx + c
Ql
= o. C,:jl
tll2Y !i.HlHnJw ~
}.Q_
a ~i:! B rtlru a<f3 tSH
ey ~ ? dt
(2) m~ruts ax"+bx+c<O ?'i a<x<~ '1
""
"" "' 1
i~t;HS~ t[;t]gLMITI~hl~fils~b[Lfl!~ :
3x + 2 ~ 0
2 2 2
n. X -· 2x-2 >-0 2. 2x - 3x- 2 < 0 ?'i. - 5x -
>~
2
lli. 3x 2 -7x+ 10?':2x 2 b. (x+ l)(x+4)> 18 G. 5x _ ::':
6 -- 3 '1
2
x 2 -2x-l ~0 ti;t]gLMITI x -2x-l = 0 '1

2
b.'= 2>0 hl~fil~tll215hl x = l±J2 '1 bi;t]ti5 a= 1>0

"'"
2 <$
X + pX + q > 0 R X< -3 , 2 <X '1
142
PROEUS DARA
cr
ZfTI'if/UU? 1 ttflgUuHi51~5-@m~ 16x 2 - sx + 1 > o '1
mb f(x) = 16x2 - 8x + 1 'i 6. = 16- 16 = 0

0
8lf3J x 1 = x 2 = 1
4 '1 tfln~ f(x) t::lln~ t):i(flS f(x) = 16x-- ( 41) 2
, f(x) = 0
=:} x = 41 ""'
~'ifl t55 a = 16 > 0 '1
tit:HS g 1M-@ f\lH~'i:J't:flSLH-@ t551!"itiG s s ~ 61

u ~ G w
xE(-co, ~)u(~, +co) 'i
ttngLnnru1w-@m~ 10x+x2 +25 <0 'i
mb f(x) = x 2 +10x+25 '1 6.' = 25-25 = 0 ttfiru a= 1>0 slf3J f(x)
't:flSMmlt:IG
£] u
a 't:flSSrum f(x)C.O ' X= -5 slfHtl f(-5) = 0 '1
(2)
Qt\:) 2' C$
(4) Gt'i:Jt55tS ax +bx+c::::O r:1 x =a '1
""
143
PROEUS DARA
n. x 2 - 4x + 4 > 0 l2x + 4 ~ 0 2
~
2 2
2. 4x • X+ I <0 R. 9x -- m. 64::; l6x-x
b) - (b ~c/4ac)J
2 2
+ bx -1- c == a [( x + 2a
2
:\1 = a[( x + 2ab ) + ~az.6.]

(
'i:llS I x+-
b )1 ~0
\ 2a
+ bx+ c =0
(2) ax"+ ....

""GV '1
' bx + c < 0 ?ilStH'l:H15
(3)
(4)
""
u'imj(x) == 2x 2 +5x+7 'i:ll8 .6. == 25-56 = -3l <0 Si:H't31=1M
I
a==2>0
2ll3J f(x)>O ms~ 'l

0 ""
utUw wm 2
f(x) == x +x+ 1 'i:ll8 .6. = l-4 = -3 <0 StH'ei=]M a= I >0 ilfl!J
>O ·-1 tJmsg'ho{5numsm{§ru
U '-h GV
'i
144
PROEUS DARA
dnnm
"
t'im'lsfl m
,j
~ !..~
i~~~~ fdHI;:tUl_;"lfltD1W~fil~21i:HLfnl:l" :
n. t
(1)
(2)
1
- -<x<4
3
l
-<x<4
2-
+x-6>0 (1)
+ 3x 4?.:: 0 (2)
X -00 -4 -3 l "L +
+ + ) (
g(x) -'/- t - )
J f( :)
+
)g(x)
145
PROEUS DARA
+ oo) 'j
~ ~ 0 0 ~
<il5'HnU (2) l:ll8ft.Hl.flGI:'i:3155 (--= -4] u ll +=) 'i
i GV ' '
2
r x + x- 3 > 0 r x 2 + x 20::; 0
t'l. UJ. ~ 'i
1.x 2
- Sx + 4 < 0
2
l2x + 7x + 3 > 0
<' ,_..., e;. "" 3 2

2fl1ffi1M 1 £w,gLft.Jl155;lfu'Hill~ x· -2x -8x::;O 'i
&rub 1::h Rltlel bli):)M

1
nfill~m
n l.J
= x(x+2)(x-4)
X -co - 2 0 4 +
X - 0 + +
x+2
I - 0 + +
x-4 - ·- - J +
-- I
f(x) -
? +
? -
-~
00 ~?~~ c:J;
fUMGI:'i:3155b8•hl'HillH'i
I c;v
xE (-oo, -2] u[O. 4] 'i
cr
2 fTJ ffl UIJ7 2
Xi --3 '1
tj:l.'l nH11l~:s g r):)Lm2 fn MnJICl rufGnhl~ ~s ~ l~m '1

l ~
""'
L~Rm f(x) = x· + 3x-4
?
l:ll81Jfl5 x 1 J y x2 = -4 'i
146
PROEUS DARA
L~m g(x) = x -9 'f::ll81Jtl5 x 1

2
= -3 , x2 = 3 '1
MnJltl5bffi f(x) m't:Hildl<bg-Jl:HLfll'e

!:31 g(x)
X -00 --4 -3 3 +oo

'
f(x) +
-
b - - 6 -· + +
g(x) + + ) - - 0 +
f(x)
g(x)
+
I -
I
+
I -1 +
xE (-oo, -4)u(-3, l)u(3, +oo) '1
2fTiffiUuJ3 tfil3Jti5~fll~ 2
x +2mx-3m-2 =0 '1 RMfifit~ m ttl-ejl1Jtl5~flll'f::ll81Jft5
OHdJh [JdlG~ 8 ~&1~~-'f::llS '1
,6.' >0 ,6.'

' (3m-2) = m· +3m+ 2 > 0
= m"- 0
S>O !J_ fS -2m> 0

1 P>O lp -3m-2>0
(m + 2)(m + 1) > 0 m<-2 , -l<m

tfi1Ti8
l m<O
2
m<-'-
3 l
m<O
2
m<--
3
-2 -1 0
3
tlmsg
u
m(-a,-2)u
(1)
J 1m + 9 , !:,.' = 0 , m = 1 , m = 92 '1
p = 2m -1
m
147
PROEUS DARA
r·~ P-
•u = 0 :::::>m =-
1 Sb S = 2(2m-3)
' 2 m
"'
ttiS=O:::::>m=l '1
3
m
----=t:CO
!J,' p s XI <X2
9 + + + 0 <x 1<Xz
2 --o X1 = Xz = 0
-
hl~ffl~ 'i:ll2tihlthU22·~rh;
+
3
2
L } " lJ 1 tiV
- +
1 --{} X1 = Xz = -1
1 + + - x 1<X2 <0
X1 = 0 , X2 = -8
2 x 1 < 0<x 2
+ - - .. '$ 1
0 hl'l:fffl~ w £Ln9""' 1 'i:llsy hl x =
6 '1
+
- - x 1 <0<x2
~ffici d5 +b
2
= ab tSH (a-~y +~b 2 = 0 '1
(a-~)
2
tlmsg
u \ 2
= 0 sb b = 0 '1
Sl6J a = b = 0 '1
2 > 2 2
n. 2. Sx -4xy+6y-;:::O
? ? ?
f.i. (a-+ b-)(x- + y) 2: (ax+ by) '1
t48
PROEUS DARA
a b>O~(a-b)(a+b)>O '1
ttiH15 a>O Sb b>O tS'U a+b>O '1
t:lmsg ft.Hffi~S a-b Stl (a-b)(a+b) t:l8fll '1

U £:!6 Uct
sltlJ a--b>O~(a-b)(a+b)>O '1
f4 ITHJ7 U/17" 3
t:Jmsg
u
ti':'iH18Hulli5'tHmfim
~ ~
CJa+-/b) 2 >Ua+b)2
cJa+Jb) 2 -(Fa"+h) 2 = a+2M+b-(a+b) = 2M>O
0
mmg a:::O , b:::O
d5 bj':] mtl Ja = X ' J"b = y nn g a = x 2 ' b =l ,M = xy '1

2 2
x + y -2xy
xy = 2
=(x-y)2>0
2 -
149
PROEUS DARA
mrunm x =y ~a =b '1
~ Q 0
i~~~~ 3 Lhllli515f!Ilr1~M'i:3fflrl:rl~~Lfil'iHHmg a>O , b>O

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2. 5x -4xy+6y 2::0 f:l. (a + b )(x + y ) 2:: (ax+ by)
1
n. a+- 2::2
a
""
m a>b ~Slg a+b>b+e 'a-e>b-e
a>b sb e>O tSlg ae>be
a>b S~ e < 0 t Sl g ae < be
a>b S~ e = 0 [S"Jg ae =be '1
·~M~filath~n9I
l.j
'i:flS'i:3li5Hmln'i:flS9~'ei1
II !] I.J
Ax+B>O Sb Ax+B<O fL:Jru A S~
B mdssfiri
II
~
~ ~ CJ1 eJ ':1 I Q1
.. M'efilawtLn9 1 ttlru'i:flsnt~l:llu:rln tt.nru C>O
Ax+ B =C ~ Ax+ B = -C '1
.. ~M~fil~~t1_!19 1 ftlru't:flsn~~tnci:nn C>O
IAx+Bi<C 'i:flSSrudl Ax+B>-C s~ Ax+B<C 15

"'-
-C<Ax+B<C
IAx+Bi>C 'i:flSSli5Gl Ax+B<-C 15 Ax+B>C

"'-
150
PROEUS DARA
df]n m nu(]siJ m
"1W~f!U~tUn'92 1:flS'i:3tiHHTTH1'i:fl8dll:\
w ~
ax +bx+c>O '\5 ai+bx+c<O rt~ru
2
~
"tttHU1.flt551W~Fil:i~t'[_fi9 2 fi!'i:3WQJJlfim~qJ1'9 2
""'
n. ~<0 f(x) 'tflSWmltlG a tllSG '1
!] u 01.
2. ~=0 f(x) 'i:fl8'\5W2'i5

~ l
ttfltiitfl8n5mltlG
~ u
a mmrun x * -2ba '1
fi. ~>0 f(x) tflS~W~l a Sb ~ '1
"f(x) 'i:flSWmltlG a mrurun x<a, ~<x '1

!] u
"f(x) 'i:flSMmlntii~
rn &
a mmrun a<x</3 '1
""' l
"f(x) = o mrurun x =a , x = 13 '1
., ~MBm~~tUn'9 2 clm
~et
m{jnmm~s1M~Fill~t~n9
n lJ a:J lJ
2 '1 nt'i:3 x t~bttuhn'Bm
~ 4 G et tN
l
~15 n51 M~ m~ 9l b ~ ~ rrnJ onG

t
d~ rusl5 n5m
l_j
~ s1 M~ ms '1
6\J (jj
"'Bt:SJ'BS~~ Sb'BUJ'BGHl1i'i:fl[f a;b?:.M rtJru a>O 'b>O '1
a+b t'Uliffi'BW'i'BSrlS
2 u ~"
Jib t'Ulim 'BwJ'Bm n11m1f '1
-
0 •
:ru~~ m:::f'~®..'%~,"$~~
1. ntH u-ut ru1hh~ m:i :n b tLll113
n. 5-2(y-1):::;2(4+y) 2. 4(2x+ 1)+5?:.2(3x)+5
3 ... 2(x-4) _::

fi. y + l < ly- 3 u.J. 10 > 2 5
X 1 2 2
b. l -
3 < 3(2x-3) tl. 5(y-5)-3(2-y):::;2 '1
2. ntuLrtnruty ~ ~1 fll~ m~ :nb tLFn'B

- 4x- 5?:. 0 2x+ 7 > Sx-9
n. { 3x- 2?:. 0 2.
{ x- 8 :::;4x- 3
?:.~(y+5)
l
fi. fy+ 1 6(x+ 1)>2x-5
lli. 6-x '1
25--<3x
H(3y + 7) _ 1 < o 2 -
151
PROEUS DARA
3. n::ilgl,Mt151fD~f\la~rH:HLffl~ :
-n. 2( X-.3) + 5 < 5 X-- 6· ~ -3x +- 4 2. 3/- 6x + l < 2/- 17

3
2 2
R. x + 5x- 3 > 3x - 2x
0 f "':! '\:)~ ~ 2 ~ 0 I'?
4. nrul&16H~ c tSjfUijfil~ X +7x+9>8x+c 'i:n8LH2t15tHmgLj':)'UG'lk~ X 'i
5. t8f3JMrulrl~ A sb B ~u!!lbtLfil~ :
2 0
A= {x/6x -7x-5>0} , B = {x/x--2x-8<0}
2
2. (ab +be+ ca) 2': 3abc(a + b +c)
2
'155. x + i 2': 2(x- y- 1) 'i
1
l'l. -l-----:1-
-+-
l+i 1-i
n. (a+b)+abi = 3+i 2. 2 +(a+ El)i = a- b + 4i
8. (-l+i)(a+bi) = 1-3i '155. (2+i)a---(l 3i)b+(5+6i) 0 '1
3. t!:hgLMru~D~m~:nbtLfil~ :
2
n. (x-1) +3(x-1)+2 = 0 2. (x-1 -2)-(x-3) = 24
2
R. (x-1) +4(x-l)(x-3)-2(2x-3/ =0 '155. (x
2
--
2
-4(x -x)-12 =0 '1
152
PROEUS DARA
3x-2y-z = 11
x-2y = 3
n. 2x-5y-2z =3 2. ~
{ x·- 0 '1
4xy + y· = 6
5x- y + 2z = -33
2
n. x - 8x + 12 > 0
?'!. (2x-·l)(x+4)> 18
6. n. t1::1ULhflliHuf§m~ si-3x -32x-12

2
=o '1
2. ~?'i'i:flSntSjl'ti f(x) = 2x 3 -9x2 +Ax+B ttlru A Sb B chi3~SI:G~ '1
(1). ~nnt~ A Si'J B 'i
(2). ntJgLhfltmuf§mj f(x)- 3 = o 'i
""
(3). n::tHLhfltiHu'tifilS f(2x) 3 = o '1
7. t?'i'i:flS a , b , X , y m8ss1d'i:flS
1.1 <.'7
si'J a+ b = 1 '1
tibl mm
ll1 -._,
Jax +by?. aJx + b/Y '1
2x+ 3
'i:flSHmln x 'i
.._,
rn
2x-l B
2. ttngLhflruhlf§m~ x -2ox-4 =o
2
'i
R. jfit~(JlWjTifJL~tfilM ABC 'i
153
PROEUS DARA
t~n13n~
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S13li5'J
1.1
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u
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G 1w eJ w
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n. Sn61t:~G~8&tlS A Sb B t:i:lCl5LfllnG!:M~H5MLn131S)213J&!t1ti5ni2Jl13
I
2
-x +Ax+ B 'i
2. Firutri6'1t13191 t:tir"RruAr:nsthrutm $1000 'i

<N e.Jl ""'
Cl1 I 0 ~ \
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12. MSctl13ti5flbGfltfl1Mfnb1:llS9'9b
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sbtHMlti5
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2
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154
PROEUS DARA
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PROEUS DARA
PROEUS DARA
tD~Hli5H2iH'i~Grt.nG
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£1 u I
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~ 1~ ~ ~ ~
AB = 15- (--3 )I = lSI = 8 'i
Rrt.fl~H:lll'.i5 AB = lb-al = ia-bi 'i
2fT!muuf 3 t?iBJi5Grrf1G A(-4) , B(-2) sb qs) tmn1h5~itd~s~r; 'i
n. tt:llGrt.nG I
A(-4) , B(-2) sb C(5) 'l
2. Rllii~Gtnti'i AO, AB Sb BC 'i

"'
A(-4) B(-2) 0 C(5)

--~-+~1--+--r~•--~,_-+--r-~-+--~~
G'tflti5 AO = j0-(-4)1 = 4 Gtnti5 AB = \-2-(-4)1 = 2 Gtnl'.i5 BC = j5-(-2)j =7

"' "' "'
~sih,;~ 1 t?if3JUGOJlG M(-3) , N(l.5) sb P(4) bmt:blil5~~G~sfl61 'i
n. tt:llGrt.nG !
M. N sb P
157
PROEUS DARA
0 A(l) P(4) 8(11)
AP = 14-11 = 3 , P8 = 111-41 = 7 tSU A.P: PB = 3: 7 ttfiru P r::hGMG 1
t?lf3JUCl.f1G P tsitruH~~ AB '1 tt5Unf1G P t~b~~rug~HllJ

AP: P8 == !11: n (y_ ~~=;) Gtffig m>O sb n>O t~mt?l
GlGMG 1
P fur!Hb~
· n
AB 2lbnbffi'i:H~.JtHtflu
· ~ U m: n '1
I
nz n
A ..···························..!:.....................................................8
p '~-e'Jf3JGnf1G P tGnH~~ A8 mbQbm-enruwJu 9: 2 '1

I
AP = p+6 , PB = 5-p t1tl115Gnf1G P funH~~ A8 2lbQbnruwJu

l
9: 2 trilflS AP: P8 = (p+6): (5-p) = 9: 2 o:ng p = 3 '1
A(-6) 0 P(p) 8(5)

---+1~+~;1--+--r-;--+--+1-4~+--+t~l~~·--+--r--~
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I
%?fJ?trlUW 3 trif3JGnf1GrJ~ A(a) sb 8(b) '1 ti~t!JGl ~HH1:l'HS X tSGCl.f1G p tun

Hb~ A8 2lbnbff'l'i3drutcr]t5 m: n ft:Jru x = mb + na
n "i m+n
acgw n. mllil a<b trims a<x<b 'Lmg p tsim~H A sb 8
AP = x- a , PB = b- x '1 A(a) ...............~.:.........~~~)................... J!. ................... J!(b)
Hhru AP: PB = m: n
£218 (x-a): (b-x) = m: n
mb+na
X == '1
m+n
158
PROEUS DARA
BP = x-b , PA = a-·x '1 ........!!....... P(x)_.............. J!!:.............. A(a)

B(b) .······ ········~········ ·········.
U::!lru PA : BP = m: n
t2U (a-x): (x-b) = m: n

mb+na
X ::::: 'j
m+n
c:t, f:.:J) 0 Q!O V t
A(a) Sb B(b) r:htlHHl.f/13 ttitH1.fjti P(x) tun~~~
AB ZlhQhffl'i:Hiruttflti m: n t218 x::::: mb+na

1 U m+n
2fTlf11iM 4 t~f3JBllijtirl~ A(-5) 81::1 B(7) '1 H11J~Ht:fHS~2BllijtiZlhtLRI'B

n. BMunrunru~s~h&'i
1 n n
AB '1
2. BMutt:lrutun~h&'i AB Zlhnhm-edruttflti 3 : 2 '1

1 n "'1 U
rJtfJw n. tli I(x) m8Munrunru~s~h&'i AB t2lgtl'1Lil2 x = (.:.s)2 + 7 = 1 '1
"" 1 n n
2. tli P(x) m8Murun~b&'i AB Zltlntlm-etirum'lti 3:2 tSlgtl"iLilS

t n "'l U
x = mb + na = 3 x 7 + 2 x (-5) = .!:_! '1
m+n 3+2 5
AQ = jl0-11 = 9 , QB = jl0-71 = 3
t;S(g AQ: QB = 9 : 3 = 3 : 1 (flll"ili5n > ffll"ittitl)
ttflli5 Q U51tsitru'i5~li5tS~~G'i AB Zltl~tl"itllBllijti Q runH~G'i AB ZltltLf'll

fflHtlrutwJti 3 : 1 '1
0 A( 1) B(7) Q(lO)
159
PROEUS DARA
AQ = 1--3 -(-5)J = l-21 = 2 QB = \2-(-S)j = 171 = 7 t£1Z

AQ: QB = 2: 7 (ffH'Hlin < ffir.it'Ub) KtfltiJ Q \5mmnli'i5£lli5~2Hb~ AB ;:nbwb
"" n ~
tr.itsld n.flG Q fnnH~~ AB ;:nb 'Lni m-er:S o.m:~J'\5 2 :7 'i
Q(-5) A(-3) 0 B(2)
eHnM ti Q r:sinuumru AB '1 d5riMu Q tdll:Hh~run2M

i.J 1 6\1 l 4..1 .,; 9 !a
AQ
AQ: QB = m : n ( )1 QB =-;;m) o
mmgLR''U• "'
m>O sh n>O tUlru
.,
m:tn '£1Ztl':lctlnlliJu Q funH~~ AB 2lhtLnifil'l:3f:SruwJ15 m: n 'i
0 A/ .... ............................. . Ill ..........................................

- :···· m ···•~ A
. .
~ ~
B
~------~· ----------~~~ I 1---fl>-
(m>n) B:-. ... n ... ::Q.
.... ~ ............ ~,. ............... "" II ....................................... ••
(m <n)
x ~:~-ej6Jrini]ti Q ttinH~~ AB ;:nbtLnim-er:lblHtsJ'\5 3 : 2 'i
2g'fffltM' 2 t1:1!3~nMtirl~
u i
A(a) sh B(b) 'i 'Uinmctl
~ ~
nHH!:htS
u
X ~8Grt.fllti Q fnn
ll
tl'ltf18 AQ = x-a , QB = x-b A(a) B(b) Q(x)
tl:hru AQ: QB = m :n ······..................... ijz··············· ······························
(;£1g (x-a) : (x-b) = m: n
X = mb -na
m -n
'1
60
PROEUS DARA
n
AQ=a-x, = b-x '1
tt::tlti'l AQ: QB = m: n
(;S'"]g : (b- = II! :II
titHsg x = mb-na '1

\J 111-11
~fiffitifd'i'l::flti'ltltimCtiHh x = mb 1
w
G u "' m-n
sh s(b) mri ~t);A AB

n
ct 0 ~ Co '::~ ,o ~
2FI1f.f?UJJ13 bfiflJG11JltibU A(2) 8h B(S) b8'U~flti~~H1 ill hli'!:ll8fi 0 '1
H'l nHH tll t 8 ~8G rulti ~ti ru fG n~h ~ AB 2lh t1uni fi11:5d ruttfltJ
u 1 n U 3 :4 'i
X = mb -I~ = 3 )< 5 - 4 X 2 = _ 7
m- n
Q(-7) 0 B(S)
----+----+----<o•----l----1-~
0 eJ eJ ~
Gfl.qmtJrumn~~r. AB
I
n. 2ltH1_flim'Bdrut-qJtJ 3 :2 '1
2. G~GtL:JrufGn~~~ AB 2lhtt~m1:511rutwJu 1 :4 'i
16
PROEUS DARA
nunngtnnn t 8
I
Q Q "::! I 0 I
HiUGllilG
l, I
M 1:2ti~nHHf:iH2
6V U
nn.flrl ~
&l:fHiH'i'i:flEWJttlti (x, y) ftiru x t1U-ll'l.Jrdn5

lJ I
"'S' " M
y thHHttlt21:2 '1
• tt:H8Mmsin~l5ci
I 0£ GV
l:fiRb1Jl~n5Hhll M(x, y) '1 l
M(x,y)
~•w•~,.<>••-•!
0 X
6Wi:311lnHHttl1:2
G u
rlr1:hli5ti8l~G82~61
R ~ w
I I
~:a 8i n~LJ~ fn'i:Hi5

t:; tJ
GV
fti ruLJ 21
&
~'!::311lthti
tJ
m
&
~
' ""
1
"'
.. riL'l::3ru~HH1:hts HnJH1l5~n5
n r:Ulim Hn~ffiti~eD
U I
s~l58l~'l::3mt9J:-J6'1
~ W I
u~l~m5nUlim HnJHHt:hts ttfim

HnJHH1tHs mli m0b ~
'
~il~~~1lin5tHll'in~8ru-m o 1:3115 • t:lru o
u ./1 ot l.) I W
0
fillY~ Slii fillY~ g IV
y
B
nmu.nnwfin1nnnt8inwu~ iS
eJ I Cl;
J
""'
IY2- Yd
~ .Qp ~~ ~ ~ ' '~
mHimLli1J ~ nmm l:t::l'l::3JH1G~It55J :n~ m c

G f3 A , Yl) s~ B(x2, Y2) '1 l:t:lt\5~61131 fi XI 0 x2 X
AB iJsLtULJ~:94s~HnJ~HH1:hl:2 '1
PROEUS DARA
PQ = Jl3
n. 0(0, 0) Sb A(2, 3) 2. sc-3, 1) sb ccs, o)

?1. D(3, -2) Sb E(-2, -3) ill. F(3, 0) sb G(3, -1) '1
A. G
y
B
: : =·· : ;.e, ;;,·

m+n
+ ll)la
'1 . . . !'.. . . . . . . . . . · · · ·; ;. .
A'! m P'i n
······················•···············.
!s•
163
PROEUS DARA
~bnL'BtiJ~HHttHS xOy t?i'i:fiSGLI.fJG A(x,l' Ya) , B(x", y") '1

I I
~flj'lj~~ AA' ' BB' sb PP' fnbtUb[H9lSbHnJffili~fD
t ?iQIS P' d'H} Ll.fl GfG nHb ~ 2lb nb A', B' fi"l'i:Jjj m mQu m : n '1
1 n os
0
I
':.0 ~ c:ll ~ 0
ntlru~HHtiH2t2Gfl.fJG A'B' sb P' ?1 xa , x" sb x ~~ b~ ~2l2~'l5'B~Gmg
GMGtGn2lbni:Hsinli'l52l~G2Siln~ X= mxb+ nx{/
I j .:: u m+n
fD'i'i:flti5'l51:ffiAtiGfflftl~ U:ilti5?1fD'l52l~fnbt9lSbHn'iHHI::JH2 y =mY~,+ ny"
lJ cs- u "" u "' tr m+n
timsg nHHtiltStSGMG P ~til P(mx"+nx", my"+ny") '1
u u 1 m+n m+n
A(xa, Ya) Sb
"'
B(x", Yb) GMGrHnbn'i'BIDnHHtil
0 ""
tS 'i
1 "'
I
lJ 1 u
dJGLI.flG P(x, y) fGnH~fi AB 2lb~bm'BnmwJ15 m: n

I
~~~~1:
~..,~ ........ m,., P(x, y). ,....., o _ " !....:..
WiGLlJ1GnLI.Ql~1HSH;:jfl AB t2l8 m = Fl
""
~'Ulli5 p (x"+x, 2 v") "
-2-, Ya+ l
~ 0 "
2fl7f.f7U717 2 t?i'i:flSGMG A(l, 3) , B(4, 0) nbm'Bti5nHHtilt2 '1 ~nnHHtiltS~2
I OS lJ U U
l I
GNJG P(x, y) fGnH~ri AB ::nb~bm'BnmwJu 3:2 '1

I
fJt~(JJ dj P(x,y) fGnH~fi AB 2lb~bfi1'Bnm y

I
ttiJ'l5 3 : 2 '1 3 ··············~

0
nHHtiltSGMG P ""
R
u 1
6
P(3 x4 + 2 x 1 3 X0+ 2 X 3)
5
\ 3+2 ' 3+2
B
p( 145 , 5~) 0 14 4 X
0
t?i'i:flSGMG A(-1, -3) , B(-4, 2) nbn'i'BIDnHHtil!:S '1
1 "'
I
lJ I u
164
PROEUS DARA
ut 11 ntnnmiltLni
2911.17UuJ 1 'U~Q)Gl&tl Q(x, y) turm~~ AB 2lhtLnlffl'e'GrumJu m :n tL:lruGllijG
, o Q(mx"-'3.!..!!. , myb-nYa\1 ",

, 8 ( x", Yb ) t"'cno
111 ll 171-11 J
nbrii'e'li5nHHf::!HS xoy tf:'i'i:llS y

ct l_; u B
l 1
0
Gn.fJG A(xa•Ya) , B(xb,yli) '1 /1

Ya
~hl'U~~ AA', BB' sb QQ' tnhtUh~
t 94 8 b ii nJ H~'i.hq hl y
bf:'itiiS AQ : BQ = A'Q' : B'Q' = m : n

• 11 • •
ttt1 t55GrulG
1
Q' mu rulGtGnHh~mb
1 n f 3~::::::::::::::::::~::::~~~::::::::::~:::::··:.·.·j·~-;-···. .} B'
0 X
'Lni '1 A', B' sb Q' ?\ x," xb sb X tUb~
tmg Uati1:3SGtm
fl
g1] rulutunt1ni
I l;
ts4 t ruum~
4
mcl MGrl~ 1
A(x{/ 'Ya) Sb B(xb 'Yb) nbri'i'e't55nHHL:lltS
ct l_; u '1
1 1
ttiGllijG Q(x, y) tGnH~~ AB mhbLnlffl'edruttiJti m : n

tmg Q(mxb- nxa' _m.::_yb::___,_::1Yc.. ::a)
m-n m-n
...
2 fTI ifi U7J1 2 tf:'i'i:llSGMG
I
A(l, 3) , B(4, O) nhnmrunmtthts
c; l_; U
'l
! I
rugw btl Q(x, y) funH~~ AB 2lhtLf1lm'edrumJu 3 :2 '1

n ~ Hn ~:IH 8 ! 8 13 rul 13 o( 3 x 4 -- 2 x 1 3 x o- 2 x 3)
u 1 - 3-2 , 3-2 )
Q( 10, -6)
165
PROEUS DARA
1. tiffitiHtlbtHlJiu A(a) Sb B(b)

"'
0
I
"" ""
?1 AB = lb-al = la-bl '1
2. A~B Q
a' 1 b~y
m
- ttJ P ~unH~ft AB 21bQbffi1H~&1HG}u m: n &SHt?l(fiS

I
mb+na d5 =n
n. AP: PB = m :n 2. X = - - - ?1. m - a+b
t Sl o0 x --2-
m+n
n mb-na
n. AQ: QB = m: n ¢. y = ---
m-n
I e. 0 t:::V r-:;:-?.
13ffitmt1br:J&1H1'i'i:H15 SbuMu P(x, y)
"' W1 I
?1 OP = ,.,;x +f
4. nHl
'\;)
tL:h ts tstso.ntsmnnb
0
tsHiH11:H15nb ni'i:H15nm
(!) '\;) I
P(mxb + nxa, myb + nya) '1
u
·
1 co nwco w u tm ts I I I
m+n m+n
G'l.flts P nru;rru AB ~ PCa;xb, Ya; Yb) '1
nHHL:h
u
tS tSGMu
1
tun tUAi tSHbnwco w t15nH~
ft15 t15nb ni'B u
t L:h tS
I I
1. t?lflJG'l.flu A(-3) , B(2) , qs) 2t~ v(-~) tsitru'U~~u~s~n '1
n. ntlGMu
I
A, B, C sb D '1
0 • ""
2. n0flnuffit15 AO, AB, BC Sb DC '1
"'
2. t?lflirhGMu
u t
A(-3) sb B(S) '1 mb P ctlGMu~unnb~s
1 c::&
AB ffi15l:lruw'l'i5 2: 3
u
I
ttfiru Q m8o.nts~tsntUAitsHbft
1 n
AB m15l:lruw'l'i5
U 4 :3 '1 HinHHL:hts~s8o.nts
u 1
nrtmru
n
M tSHbft
n
PQ '1
3. t?lflJ~~G'l.flu £(2) sb F(6) '1 mb D ctlG'l.flu~unQbts EF 61115druwJ15 4:3 sb

I
c t::hG'l.flu~tsntLAi'ts EF m15l:lrumJ15 1 :3 '1 ~JanL'U~Hi DG '1
166
PROEUS DARA
4. tr:if3JL~tnH1.fl~ru Ci:HliR~rn A(-2, 4) ' B(O, 9) sb C(3, 2) '1 t~~tfllCl.JHSnh
~tfllrulcnti~w ?
':1 0 0 ~':1 c.:; eJ 0 "? C$
5. Jn~HHtil~StSn~bl59lti1HS'[f~fllrul t!:ibl513ClJ113nbWJ1blitS~br:i (-2, 3) , (3, -1)
I
sti (5, 4) '1

0 ':l cJ C)) ':> 0
6. ~nnmttiltSnrlbli D tSG&Hfllrultnb ABCD t'UnHHtil&StSnrlbli A(O, 0) ,
u u 1 u u
':1 0 ':1 Q1 ':1 0

7. ~n~HHtil&StSn~bli D tS'[}Htli9JLfll1:3 ABCD t'U~HHtiltStSn~ru A(-2, 5) ,
u
B(4, 3) Sti C(-2, 3) '1
8. ~nnHHtiltSGSGrulG E CGnnb sb F CGntunftsHtifi AB ffl1:30blittfl'i5 2:3

u t "'
l
n U
dtmg~GC1J1G : A(l, 3) , B(-2, 5) ~mn1.Yt1ti EF '1
167
PROEUS DARA
c
n. Oo.l
~
' J
fU11ft1 iU 81 fi ft1 fi ffltHHlf!UtHll

J /.1
siu~r rutti~ nnunu «6 fU

~ J D~
"" 0
rlWrulG
l
• unLnnrumnLMli~ stunr1
rniH11lS'U2l~
"" .:
Y -- Yt
m= - - M
x-·x1
Xr 0 X
"''ifhl m ""_8 y-y 1 = m(x-xJ
168
PROEUS DARA
:Y·~--
i j
y 2 = 3(x-O) 2 1/
y = 3x+ 2 _: /
·I X
!0
I ······· :-···
:;
'USlf\ L l:fl~H'i:HH1JlHJlti9tu m = Yz-Yl '1

"' l I_; Xz- Xt
ttnruu~fi L illfim'i:3Gfl.I1G A(xb Yt) Stil:flSt'i:3?)MUnli9tu m tmg L l:flS
n5-H m~
y
B(xz,Yz)
~~. . . .~. . . . . . .d}

~
Yz- Yt
x 2 -x1
0 X
0 X
Yz- Y1
y-yl = - .- (x-x 1)
Xz -XJ.
0
utmg x 1 = x2 : x =x 1 _'1
169
PROEUS DARA
2-3
L: y-3 = -l-(- 2) [x-(-2)]
y=-x+l
"" '"" ax+by+c

M'i:HflHJSHifi
&
=0 '1
. (1) A(2, 3) 2~ B(lO, 5) (2) C(S, -1) 2~ , 8) '1

0 I ":.1 0 ';) I~ ~
2. i'HlJ16lnHH1:JH2t21:H1Jlti'i'i5hlrH2'i5SliilflJ x+ y-4
u l lJ " &
=0 2~ 2x-y+ 1 = 0 '1
:4f17tr/iM"' 1 ti:1!3Jl5~cina D: y = nzx+n 2~ D': y = m'x+n' '1
tiblmm
Ln .......,
'i5Slci
c:::;
D 'inJ'ij
G
D' rug'iffiGG'i
I t_:;
m = m'
t15ntiMti A dl~'i5Milt2'i5Sl6'i D: y
0
1 lJ "
"
&
'
= mx+n
s~HnJffilihfhl tffiru B dlGOJ)tiljt15'sinliti~ci D
~ 0 t:.J 'J Q1 C) I t:::J)
2~ c mmrunru&n~'s B t5mruHnJffilih{M [S"Jg
'"" " • D ""

mi:1M'iQI'i59M&S'i5Sl61 ?i m BC
= -C
1 lJ & A
0 " '
t15ntiMti A' dl1'i5MCH2'i58l61 D': y = m'x+n'
1 lJ " &
~ t.J I~ ~ 0 ~ I c::- 0 eJ ":.1 o::::.J
2~Hn~ffi'i5MM t'Ult15 B' dltiMtit3t15tsitru'i58l61 D' 2~ C' dlmrunrum~!:2 B' t3ntru

U 1 I !J 4
170
PROEUS DARA
tf.'IQIS _BC = A.C ¢:::;> BC = B'C ¢:::;> 111 = m'

B'C' A.'C' AC A' .
1 ~ ? a ~ 0
HH'i:3f.'iblilH:flti9ftH8'li21:?1
I l) .,;;
D' fil:?lfil'i:313MG
l
(2, 3) sl:l •
·--2) ?1 m, =
Xz -·Xl
= -2-3 = ~-·
5
,. ,
.:..
5
'\521:?1 D
.,;
11 D' b21g m = m' = - 2 X
'
'\521:?1 D: y
.,;
= - 5-X
2
'1
4
n. L 1 : 6x + 3y = 2. : y = 3x- 2
2x- y = 5 ill. L4 : y = 2x + 5
i~~H5~ 2 ~nw~mm~iimiim'i:3GO.~G tU'lrulwmmsbti~ii

"" <'>
A(2, 1)
D: y = 2x+ 5 '1
tf.'i6'iti~£4~s
u """ D: y = mx+n Sb D': y = m'x+n' tii:rlmdltiSl£4 D
Ln -.....!) ~
D1 : y = //IX+ ll
D2 : y = m'x+n'
y = m'x '1
171
PROEUS DARA
mb p 2b Q murup:ityn.J~~Db~snb y I
'\Hi!~ X =l dl~ti5 D3 @b D4 '1

"' w
(1)
!:i::tlti5nHHl::)H8~8 " P(l, m) ~ ...

"'w Q(l, m')
u
&fi6Jti~~rl~ D: y = mx+n Sb D': y = m'x+n'
'1581~ D fnb D' ruzimfr; mm' = -1 'i5 Dl_D' ¢::::!? mm' = -1

"' 1 G ~
'i58lci D sb D' 'l 'i58lci D' mcim~Gr'WlG B(3, -2)

« « I
Sb C(--4, 1) tS'H m' = Yz-YJ = l-(-2 ) =- 3

Xz -X 1 -4-3 7
dJ'USlci Dl_D' l:Slg mm' = -1
"'
7
3
n.J@mmSl~ D: v-y 1 = m(x-xt)
"' -
7
y-2
3cx-l)
172
PROEUS DARA
L: ax+by+c = 0 i:l!HuSnDl
.... a:tO Sb b:tO '1 0 l ~ 0
fi M fi tii:ll tiHl tH1Il ti 'i:HiJ
0 &:::), , "':) I
"' 1 u
fll'Htirlflti A(x 2 , y 1) Sb B(x 1, y2 ) I:S'i5~n
L b?H'iU ro'i5 m
<:
~ fis ftH15'il.;115miJb msbHnnm5
ct V
hlI 115
8b ii RJ H H r:tH s tt.fi t151Y 115 ~ [JLn ti 8 b1J1 u
, Y1) '1
ax 2 + by 1 + c =0 (2)
ax 1 +by 2 +c=O (3)
(1)-(2): a(x 1 -x 2 ) =k
0 X
(1) (3): b(yl-Y2) = k
k
Y2 =b (4)
~blJinnMtfib PAB ttlrui:llSfi~M PH bl!'iCflS PH·AB = PA·PB ~;mg

l
k2 k2
-;;·!} e
fl)'i:J (4)
173
PROEUS DARA
(a=OSbb=tO) ~(a=tO sb b = o) '1
<:!>
4x-3y-5 = 0 ?1
d = jax 1 + by 1 + cj d = 14 X 0- 3 X 0-51 = I-51 = 1
Jaz + bz )42 + 32 5
3. o~ru~tirup:; (3, ,f2) &9415~£'\ ~x+J2y = 2 ~ ~x+J2y-2 = 0

d = jax 1 + by 1 + cj
Jaz + bz
I~ X 3 + J2 X J2- 21 ~
d = =- =
Gr + (,f2)
2
~
y
4x-3y-5 = 0
4
~X+ jiy = 2
2
n. ?JMSlGtnru~tio.no A(O, 2) ~9iTISlri D 1 : x+ Jiy-10 = o '1

"' I .,;
2. ?'irulSlGtfltlJ~GrulG B(-3, 2) t9115Slr\ D 2 : 3x+2y-3 = 0 '1

"-' I &
174
PROEUS DARA
2.3
"" 0 . 0 ... ·.·. ·.

2l111.fUM 1 t?lElJtHI.fJG A(l, 3) , B(3, 7) ~~emn;.·
~ .··. < · ..
"" 0
Sb C(7, 5) nb51Stl5f'iHHt:iHS '1 ,:, ',• ·.:·;,.;·:,:;;<-·. ·.\'.' ...:..·>·~·, :.\, ·,- ,· " ···,·.·~ >.· •'' ·:'·,
"'
1
1 u u~~ruQ n.o:~s3uu1 Ml:fllf
~::: .~, ..·.·.·"·>: ', ,y
ttllrut~~~amts
""
tJH:H!J
(J1J
t'i3?lrul'i01li9n5
1 t_;
m
• .,. "
~SliSl51
.:;
•
AB ?l m
<=!I
=7-3
-3-1 = 2 y
t13?JMLLflli9hltSli~fi BC ~ m' =; =~ i =-
c
m·m'=2·(-D=-1 tstgABj_BC
3 ........A.
~msg MBC dl~tmru~fnb '~
1 3 7 X
2 g-J'ifli M2 ul;Tl !]131 H~ fi1Jb 'ts~ W59JLffi'i3

u u
ABeD '!3rumfiffli5ltJGMGnrunrutDbffl
u ~ W 1 n ~
'~
y
t?ltllRR~ru A 1f51tru?lru o
IJ C(a+b,c)
t?lQIS : A(O, 0) , B(a, 0) , D(b, c)
sb C(a+b, c) '1 0
mb I dlGlli]GnfllJlrutSH~fi~b AC ~ {a;b, ~) (1)
J dlGlli]GnrllJlruCSH~fi~b DB ~;(a; b, ~) (2)

~ 0 ~ ~
l?il'i3 ( 1) Sb (2) t?l(flSG MG

I
I 'i5151
l,j
n5t
l
ru J
IJ
175
9Lt
nj (o 'lJ-) g M,
I';:)
h \ !( 'x) d h! rn 1riM, s o :t- v m nn 1:ti
8t::::1 (o 'v) v M.W
'tri
119
h SH.r.JHHfhls-np
n
gv SHBUf:Hl
e.. n
. 5h!rn~s !.1J0Jnt.Hfh!HLP
p
gv ~wnh!rn
• t::J /f:;) '
{I]fJ,J£J
""
l lb 4--- "' i t
h rJ ~S l.1J :l ffilf1.DSlfHlj):Jj d DU1.W8H.J1J W !:H r U1Jtt.nl.B e
1::;:11 lt:;:l0 l<;;::t
0 0 lt:7 ('J
V W !.{8a;::. DUU DULl::! c...o ;:J
"? t?
h .I 'iJ~~ 0 ~~8lf1.P5!=lJFf~El.P
n 1
{ .1 = WOW}
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PROEUS DARA
bttlli5 ai:O ~l"'QlS x =0 '1 Q
x = o """'
JHnJHHttHs '1
(2) LLrHt5l:m1QJrun Q(O, y) dlGfliltHGrltruHnJHHtnts tsH
QA = j;;2;j Sb QB = j;;2;j
~msg QA = QB '1
m9u t 9i ttl -e""Ju m m1tuu 't5

t.n--.!1
F m t\5 nill 8M l G &' r:Hm t:s'
{!"'
l b m ~run"~
:H1n
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1. 1!'1TIGMGtL:Jrutcllbm~run;Htflf!:lru5'l'in~tmtrum
LJ 1 4J "' .. ~ uLJ u
F "~ I
2. 'il"ltidn.nmmtrum
l.J I U
F l.J 16'l~t~bm~run~~tL:Jru5'i '1
u
44 9 ~ V
J
~f11f17H1n tl'16JGfliluSbrl~ A(2, 0) sb B(O, l) '1
~nt'JMGMG~SGilJIG
l i 1
P fr::lru&dlbtn~hli5m~
&J &
177
PROEUS DARA
2 2
_ x-
[( 2) + y J- [x 2 + (y- 1) )
2
=1
~ 0 0 0 \;;!
2x--y-1 =0 r:hhll§fllHtHlfltH1.IltHS
l 1
P '1
2x- y-1 : : : 0
~)..Q_
I
1. tJG,'ln y
4
= mx + n l
Sw y = m x + n :
I
+ c :::: 0 ""'
fi d = '---'---=:::::::::':::'=-----'-
PROEUS DARA
B(-5, 3) Stl C(2, -1) '1
2. ~n~~nm5~~nw\m"c3nrup::; A(3, l) L~'iH94Sb'i5~~ L: 2x-3y--5 = o '1
3. ~n~~fill:'i58l~fil~fil"c3GMG
~ I
B(-1, 1) ~nb!:94Sb'i58l~ L: x+3y+4
~
=0 '1
5. nbtii5nHHi:tHStl:'il::llSGMG
ctGVU 1
A(l, -3) , B(2, -1) stWSl~ D: y = x-2 '1
~
I
L1 : 2x-y-l = 0 Sb : x+2y--2 =0 '1
7. mb B sb C dlGtn.ffHlitnb~S 0 Sb y
5x- 12y + 65 = 0
A(l3, o) dlbmtmr:rutim~
'J ~
5x-12y + 65 = o '1
<!;
179
PROEUS DARA
"' 0
1(1, 2) 2t1Rl r = 3 '1
~)':l[f12 = 3 1:1 2
P(x, y) IP IP = 9
(x-1) 2 + (y-2t' = 3-?
~s~MH~n I(l, 2)
IJ a
mr = 3 '1 .. ~bi1
"
M~Rl~Mi1tn'&szbi1~tibl.H:fl8~61 !(a, b)
n
(x--cd+(y-b) = l
2
" a
Sbnl r ~ J
~-------------------- -----
y y
--+-----;;;:lr---t-------
x
180
PROEUS DARA
2 2 2 2 2
¢::::> x + y - 2ax -- 2by +a + b - r = 0
d5 A = -2a , B = -2b , C = a 2 + b2 - /
~f:'ilf12 (i+2x)+(/-2y) = -1 ~ (x+l) +(y-1) = 1

2 2
?h:tHu{§ffJaj{;H~ff::iru'i:llSGfi
d .!<
(-1, 1) Stlnl r = 1 '1
2
n. x + / - 6x + 4 y + 4 =0
m'BGMGU
1
£(-6, 6) , F(-2, 8) stl G(l, -1) '1
ct 0 t::l) ~ ~
8fl7trl%M 2 &f:16JGLl.flGStlrH A(-3, 0) Stl B(l, 0) '1
lnWMGMG~SGMG
1 1 1
P ff::irutdltlm~
~J ~
AP: BP = 3 : 1 '1
mtl (x, y) dlnHHt:ll&S~SGrulu

u
" 0
1
P
181
PROEUS DARA
2
=9{ -1) +./}'1
x-23)
2
= (3)
2
~
> (
+y 2 j '1
d.'hr:J6'iGruluSb?l~
U l
A sb B tSlU·dfUlGrulu1sunnu
I 1 l
p ~t;JrutdlbtrH~
&j .:;
AP: BP = m: n Gtmg m:f:.n ~h:llabi1

IJ
'1 jbi1tsgt'i.Jlim" ~bi1ffi'i59'iSM" ttfiruubG2
<J IJ U i..J l I
lJ
tdlbmii
~J .:; AP: PB = 3 : 2 '1
3. 2 ;e
<::1
li. u
iY !L!
!/ _j
/b ~ / lY \= lEJ
I V\ i
/ i
_;
v0 Xj
:
\/ /
!/ '-.... v !
X = ±2 l,/
J
d
0
mmg x = 2 tm g y = 2
0
mmg x = -2 ~:mg y = -2
? 0 ~
&r:JQl8nHHtllt£H2urulu'itJMm1
U I l_; IJ
(-2, -2) , (2, 2) '1
182
PROEUS DARA
2 2
x+y-x+ =0'1
~
sb~~~r;mm~ rutSL15~ ~M~m~ Gtl m~ n:n ru
0 '
nH~ tt:tH 8 &8tHU113~15 M r:H 'ilbli 8'16'1
U I t_; & ~
I
M-H flU HH:l

a
Sb M-H film 8l i; ~
'1
? ?
f(x-at+(y-br
?
t8lg~J:1Ql8'i15~8 = r- (l)
t_; "' ly = mx + n (2)
run (2) dswMnb

""
( 1)
I
= r2 (1)
fi!b t1 dl~ro0~ru~tHsro~mi (l) tl"ililS :
1. d5 !1>o t:::m15~1ii
&
sb~b~'i15rol:1m'i6'i~n~sru~u
&lJ ,t~c;l.j l
y = mx- 2 (1)
tl"i(il8 2
{ X + y- = 1 ?
2
-2) =1
( + -4mx + 3 = 0 (3)
t tl'H~I3'i15 8l i; 8b ~btl 'i'i.5 M 1:1 m1 G'ltl n ~G ClJI13 t £1; b m

z.JtJ.:::; t~G ()c;lj 1 Uct
!1
t ~J b ~ t ?1m s -3 c +
4 > o <=> > o <=> - 3 >o
tl"'i(il8 m<-J3 , m>J3

0
'1 nnuss
•lJ w
183
PROEUS DARA
.Y
~- ~ '1
Yo
2 2
Yo(Y- Yo) = -xo(x- xo) X oX+ YoY = Xo +Yo (l)
y x =r
r
y =r
XoX+ YoY =r 2
'1
r X
Yo= 0 bi"i01St3rt.fju P ~EHsitruHflJ -r
nHH!:l'HS
u
'1
<:$ ?
Yo) i"i XoX + YoY = r"
184
PROEUS DARA
2
-a/+(y-b) = r2 ShtiSlii
.<;
D: y = mx+n
') ') 2
tSlZbr:il(l8 (x-af+[(mx+nt-b] = r2 (l)
tu~fil~~Sti~iiug~~~ (x-a) 2 +(y-b) 2 = r2 LC1tiGOSJG (x 0 , y 0 ) f!i

(x 0 -a)(x-a)+(y 0 -b)(y-b) = r2
185
PROEUS DARA
= re~ ii l:ll.~·~'il,~W,~ft1'ii~~U~-1\%~"@..~--l;~~=:h'R\l::1l~~.W..»,t\%'RJ..~'M,~0A\i![::it:J1t',~'Wtlf't!\VLi);.:~<:;:\W~=::.:::~=·==
0 •
2 2 2
&
C!:/{)
1. tuHMHu'l:H1ls~bbth9HHutim
lil
I
(x-a) + (y-b) = r
0 I I
n:nru !'SHU ~ fi
A
1 Stl fil r nb
"" 0
'"' "'
l
nHt.fi:nb q_~fil't§ :
n. /(0, 0) r = 1 2. /(0, l) r = J2
i:i. 1(2, 0) r = J3 '155. /(1, l) r :::: 2
b. 1(-l, 3) r = 2 G. /( -2, -2) r = 3
2 2
2. (x-2) + (y-1) = 16
2 2
m. x + (y- 1) = 36
2 2
n. x +/ + 4x =6 2. x + / - 6x + 2y =6
2 2
R. 2x + 2y - 2x + 2y = l
JG M~Lfil'D 'j
5. MH!UHu~filS9t94 2x +2/-8x = 0 m:h~ru~filS!U~1:il

2
u lil
(x-a/+
2
=r
JG M~Lfil'D 'j
6. in M~ mHb~
/)
slJ ~94 m~m't§UG MG2l
I
b t'iLfil'i:j
~
n. c1, o) , (o, 1) 2tl ( 3, 4) 2. (2, 2) , (-L, l) "'k
8\..l (2, 3)
7. inM~fil&"s~ij~::ni:HLfil't§ :
n. sb~fl:lru1fl8~fi 1(2, 1) sbm~m't§GMG A(-1, 3) 'i

/) '"' 1
8. tA6JUGW)G A(O, 0) , B(4, 2) sb C(5, 1) 'i
2
+ + CP == 49 'i
186
PROEUS DARA
0
9. li"l'tfl8G G A(5 10 '"j
+/ - 25 ~~
'"I
12. ki"l'HlS '"I
'"I
(t.
A( p
17. ti"l'tflS't58lG'i +5 ·t-
"
n. urn lfl
'"!
5 0
c:fH~H~ bSg
19. ummm~b~
li1 ......, ~
y .\ 0
20. uinmm
li1 ......,
~ +7 o HH'lnmn
ull
.3
PROEUS DARA
:::: Gth 8
nsg ""1-'l
8\-.. 0
"" r:H om g FilJ"
HI S 8 jj~
u
"" et:
1fl
u
8
,. nsg
sv
ru
b1~
"6 8 8 y>x+
8H 8 y< +
2-_, + >
fill y :::: -X 2
L
0
2. munllil
88
PROEUS DARA
0 0
hi G
ffitl f'J h)l

X &cllul:H.il
~ .c.;
ii X> 2 sb y
~
HH [:fH 8 y run
'i:HiJ '1
W
tlmsg
1J
r;sg'i5t\:nbi:DlG8'i52lii x
'<N IN f) .t;
== 2 ~m
us "" ""
~~~ l t m g~"Ulru1 ru ,g fil ~ :n b Glfil'i:Hil"t31_!11'i5
n. y> 3x 2 2. 2x + ::::5 !"1. x< 3 '155. y?. 2
1ru{5filHsgdlbmii8&mg'jl"lUGrwm (x, y)
~J ~ u l
re:H15'i:fl8Gtllfi5G1Gdlbm
u ~Cl
2 riDG'
b.
I /(-2, ~8~btlI)
4 'i
t.P ~"" ~ ~"" 2 ~ 1:ll g u•.n ru1 ru {5 ffU 2l b bLfil'i:Hil"t3 Lfil 'i5
n. / + /::::4 "I
1 > 0 'i
189
PROEUS DARA
I I 4j m
n5 o.rHst1 rt.nti ftl o.w:htl .,: i11u
lJ
~ s~ to~ m~ «'
&'irrim~u@m~ru'fsm~ s~ hl~nu '1

"" LJ "' ~ HlJ1Hlft.flli5L15~ ~~ hl~ms
L:Jmsg~usm~ru'fsm~2~M'l:3All m~u8
U W ~ N
m-eLmu
~'\Hltit~rumhl1 hl~nl~Sl:3li51
&.} lJ
tSt15~ 2 '1 J Q
afT!ff'IHmi t ~ ;:LfiSlrul.Y ~ ~1 hl~m~ 21tl 'Lm-e :

2
x +/ >4 (1)
{ y<x+l (2)
1f15~nll (1) x
2
+/>4 'i:fl8~15sm~rumf~n~~tl6'1
2lbi:Lf'li~~~fflbi:~li5 M 'i
1hl~nu (2) y<x+ 1 'i:fl2~usm~rumfdn15~Ufl2lb

GV GV C!;
~usm~ru~sm~
~ G 2~
¢
hl~mltlm tctnu~
~
ttl ruR rt.nilb~ ru N
MnN ft:Jrumfdn1=1hl~msi2ltltiff1'Htimil
otUU l,.,:
y = x+ 1 c:JGm21tlnli
UU
'1
l mJm~ gLfiSlruLu ~ ~1 hl~m~ m-eLmu tfiLG'I J

u
1. ru~Lmumtl hl~m~2\iru'J '1
2. m-e'iff115Rrt.nil~u8ud5ru1
l, GV
fD~ff1lSl:3li5'J
\.1
hl~umii
.,:
y = x stl y = -x+ 1
U
t:Jmsg fnnu~ft:Jrummdl2tdrm~
~ W N
tt:Jrumb 1 ~ ~
v ~ ~ 0 c:ile.J
s:::n mm1:1s J fD"efflHnb ru '1 m21tltrut2g 1=1t:dn
t::l) Q1
LJ "' u "'
fti rum ~us mf5 ru1u
W
~ 21
GV
ruf5 All il b ril '1 <;t1
PROEUS DARA
"" ""'
i~~HS~ &1:tHLhllli5Lli ~ ~ w~r=m2liHUD1H1l'tiUllli :
l
2 2
l
y < 2x + 1 X + y <4
n 3y>x-2 2 x+y>O
y<-x+2 x-y<O
n. (x-l)(x+2y)>0 2. (x+y+ l)(x-2y+4):::::0
smJmtn glnnru1 w~ mHn'tiLfflli t¥:1Ul~

u
1. w~untimtlw~m~s~ru1 '1
2. ffl'ti~ll115Rruu\~usm~ru1w~mas'tili51
L:, GV IJ
'1
am]m mgtnnruTI5 ~ ~1 w~ m~ m'tiunu t¥:1LG1 ~

ll
1. w~unumtlw~m:is~ru'1 '1
2. ffl'tiUAltiRs~fiusm~ru1 w~m:is'tiru1 '1

"" w
=
"
ru~~
'
============================
2 2
n. x+2y-4 >0 R. x + y :::; 2x+ 3
2 2 ~ ? ?
'li5. X + y < 9 , X+ y>2 'W. 0 < x < 1 , 0 < y < 1 , x· + y· > 1
I I ~ 0 eJ
2. n. WtitiSlri D: y = -x+2 Sb D': x-2y-2 = 0 ntlri~li5b&'l'i:3115 'i
~ c:s 1 u
1
x?:O, y?:O
l
x+ 4 < 0 4x+3y+6?:0
_ 5x+y?:l0
n. y ; : -: x- 2 2. y?: 2x- 5 R.
! x+y?:6
y<2
1 3x-4y?:O
lx + 4y?: 12
1
191
PROEUS DARA
-
1. t?\ fl.f)t1rJS A(-2) sb B(S) 'i mb C dlG 1Jt1Jf'lnb t2 AB ff!'tH1 m u 3 :2 sb
"'l
D dlGWJt1tt11'Hl~~s AB mt:JctrumJu 1 :3 m1_yr'1b CD '!
0
:3 mrng
a+ 6) sb
X-- + 3 ::: 0 'i
, -1) sb 8) 'i
0) '
12. 1:?\tl-fltUGWJGSbtl~ A(2, 0) sb B(O, l) '1 4nM

AP : PB = 2 : 1 'i
- 4 =0 8 w x-' + y-'
"';.
2x =0 'i
192
PROEUS DARA
93
PROEUS DARA
ru o< x <so "~
{ !6} ffi'ij
!(
c u
98'1 Q8
PROEUS DARA
0 1 (;1
:;q;:n n9
-ens y == -3 UY +3
'i.HUJH15 y tll S
d5f
W X b .\
B w y
1·H15Hflj_,nJ w
9 ?
Fi. y 2. X
2£11'f.fl:! 4 CHmg
:= 22 2.2 8
2
0 + 2. 0 = 0
+ 2. 3 'i
1
= -- ,.,;_-- + 3x
Fi. l) 2. ti'i. k)
t95
96T
h {O < x/x} == a !;ltlfl!;l~3HSH~Lru!JS!=JHllJJ!;lj
'P;O C., I 0 (;I
O<X P..!;l1gw:JDrnSSLB xfv = ,{ SR!;lb·~ ·e;
f o n :J p
n
h {z;t:x/x} ==a ~Lru!JS\=l:l gs:JD!=J
' 0 r>
'l l l
z;t:x ~:Jw~grurnssLBSR!;lSH
r> r> p
h z == x fg w o == z- x rn u=n
0
f'l n "' "' z-x 'l 119
h wwwH:;nwwgwwrnssL\:!
o n ~ ~
- I - !;lWm ·w JJJRJ£J
..,
I
hY'==,{ ;:; n
S fl!;l S HS:lc..,~ lJ1.l !J S ~:J!J t ·e; 0
z-Y I
h - == ,{ Sfl!;lSHS:t~Lru!JS!=l:l!J~ "!J z U1Jtlf],UJ 8
T ft c.. • o n
'"
h a ~ uuw s ~:I ru :q..s :J x
I 0 (:) ~
P..!;l1g w
I
w 0
(x)f == t\"
&b~Lru.N!;l I rnu:JH{Wru~:J f SR!;lSHtnUWP..Flruw
e.. o o q::,o o n p ,C..
·z
(\!) , n u
~
h Wl~SLB (x)j == ,{ pSR!;lSHJ.QruW1JP..ru~.'Jr>
x tpmLru.N!;l
o o ~
a rnu:JH{wrumn J pSR!;lSHsHwuws~:t
, <:...• o (;I
·r
h fsPY~ru:~wrul x r> ""
nl
[j w P.. gLru.N n 'l 1
0 0 ~lJSS£lP..!;l1gWHJ ~Lru!J g Sfl!;lSH~S X ~[j
1
'1:::1 1 0 0 0 p ~ t;:,
n 'l 1
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' 0 r> J
0 I 0 I 0 /)
g~~rYttS h O*x ru!=JA
ifi;>
'l "" X
x P..!;l1gWWR:J~SLB - == (x)8 ·e
• I o ~
n
l 0! h X ~lJSSD
Sfl!;lSHSHlWP..tlJU.N!Jt " "' 0
p c.. 0 0
II$
m1hwwfi:t~SLB I +xz = (x)J ·w mRJD
10
I "" ' 0 ~
SR!;lSHS.'JR:J~~Lru!J "
p C., C., I 0
I
:: == (x)8 ·e T + xz = (x)J ·w
SR!;lSHS:J~Lru!JS~Wt " I
I) C.,. I 0 (:I
1., B:J"fi (x)8
~
etru~~g
0
~8 (x)j LSUU!;l£ll.H!;l.'J~j l l.llJ t f..fll.f3 8
fl
"' ""
~~
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0 0 ~
~~=~'~
4 0 ~
z·y
PROEUS DARA
PROEUS DARA
n. y = -x + 3
1
2. y= · · -
x+l
ct 0 0 ~ et
2fT!ff7iM 3 ~nnH1.Jlrli.ff'lbibSHS?'i'tHl2ltltUil113
IU I
n. y = -2x+ 3
2. y = - 2x + 3 (x :2 l)
¢:::} - 2x + 3 ::; - 2 + 3
0 0
t?'iUlS ft.Hl..fllUrli.ff'lrl I = {YiY::; 1} '1
n. y = x-2
2. y = 3x-4 (x<2)
197
PROEUS DARA
1.3
c:; ~ t:!':J eJ
Rr:nSH9Jb~[:j~ '1
d5n~~ x cfis~9Jb tSHG'l~~ g(x) dru

m'!
I
ICl. o ~ er
sbnr:rrns~H~t'i'HS M = f(xz)-f(xr) '1
!t'iffiGhlnJl.ffHHRS 'iJGg~SH2t'i'HSti:hru?l2n~nruw]'u !:if= f(xz)- f(xr) '1

"'- 1 1 e.J fix x2 - x 1
0 r:l q C,\1
mmgHS?'i'i:Hl
I
f(x) = 2x-l sb g(x) = -x+2 trubms
M = f(x 2 )-f(x 1) = (2x2 -l)-(2x 1 -l) = 2(x 2 -x 1) = 2>0

fix x 2 -x 1 x 2 -x 1 x 2 -x 1
fig= g(x 2 )-g(x 1) = (-x 2 +2)-(-x 1 +2) = -(Xz-xJ) = -l<O

fix x 2 -x 1 x 2 -x 1 x 2 -x 1
Ct, 'o ~ e»
f.thHS?'i'HS.nMG'ltrumsu
~: ', 1 GV
[a,
,
b] '1
dl ilf> o
~
tsngtmn f thHS?'i'Hstfistsinlimsng
I W
[a, b] '1
tti ~~<0 tsngt?Jm f th~·Hjt'i'HstpnrlHliGt~·u [a, b] '1
"" "" 2
l:,5~HS~ tMlJH~l=l'HS f(x) = 3x-5 sb g(x) '1 hlnJli1HHR2 ~qds
= -
3x+2
HS?l'HS f sb g tL:ilrut~tinruttflti !:if sb fig '1
1 G U fix fix
198
PROEUS DARA
0. .
@)~~.e
"' .,
cutiunticA~9t11ja .
0 I ~ ?
mmg(!1mH~~s x E {-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3}
X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 5 0 -3 -4 -3 0 5
8M u &1 tl t s g nb ~ st15 n~a t 1:t1 t s sumti

t tti
I c< 1 U U LS-
I
mms hlrulG Muilb t88titi561tn8d!Un1tit8

I n
I
y = f(x)
·························· (x,y)
on.11u (x,y) t'tiru x s~m"Jtmtlb
I
v 0 J .' ''oo ; ' ct
t1::l8nM61 D t8~8ti'i38
1
f
y = f(x) '11_,1'1115 f mhlrul
{(x,y) I y=f(x), xED} '1
<' 1 0
ttif:H~8t11j8
tJ I
f(x) =-
X
mmg x>O '1
"
tiMSlnt~ f(x) '1
• <' 1 0
2. CUb~Rltifi!bH8ti'i3S f(x) =-
L:. 1 X
mmg x>O '1
199
PROEUS DARA
0
Y = lxl y
mmg x<O, y=-x '1
1
A ~ I cl
!:.~~~~ tubLfn'Umtat9?1'!:3s~tltLm-e
-1 0
n. y = !x+ 21 '1
X
2. y = 1- X+ 11 + 2 '1
c'
[?J'i:f12l:iJllffll:3UJQJ6iltlH9?1'!:32!: A ..-:r B
IJ
t?Jmtimf1~sn5niitt1-e
C3- I I
A t9imf1~sn5ru1mmn
I IU
B
A B
A B
~ u l:iJllffl'e ~tl flJl£ 2 g :
t?ltn r 1
dl HS?l'e~'iffiN
I l.j
~SHS?l'eS
I
f '1
200
PROEUS DARA
(1). f lf!SH~f:'i'i:H~·IJ1f15 [
1
(2). b dl~'Dffil:ltS a ffl'B f~adlj'Dffll:ltS b ffl'B [

1
lf!ssrum b = f(a)~a = f 1
(b)
ffis t!Jlun'Bu~ m~s21 b tLm'B

A B
dsn.J
w
f(x) &t:hru y tf:'iOIS y = 3x+l
'D~ X
~
d"'J y Sb y d"'J X tf:'iOIS X = 3y + 1 tS"U y = x-1
-
~ 3
dsM y tt:hru [ 1
tf:'iOIS f (x)
1
= x-l
w 3
tlmsg
U
HSf:'i'BS~mNtSHSf:'i'BS
I l.) I
f(x) = 3x + 1 ~ f 1(x) = x-l '1
3
""'
~m~ ,fj'BjH'iH~l=l'Banruu&!iaf~ri'Ja t . tl!lU1~
·u
dsN f(x) tt:hru y '1
1.1
- m x
"u
my ~b y mx tf:'itnSN~Fn~G mVJtnHiG1t'B y '1
.... 1.1 ""-" ""
t:::N e::Jol 9 Q ct~ cr
- mtu'BFn~utsg"Bsmb
...;
y dlHSf:'i'BSts
I
x t9 tS"igHSf:'i'iBS
I
f
er
l:nSHSf:'i'BS~GlNt9 '1
...; I l.)
0 1
- dSN y tt:hru
w
f (x) '1
~nHSf:'i'BS~GlNt8HSf:'i'BS
I
"' l.) "
1
"' f(x) = -2x-4 '1
er , er
~unm Ul./7 "2 n. anHSf:'i'BSHflhltSHSf:'i'BS
I l.) I
f(x) = 2x + 3 '1
0
dsn.J
u
f(x) tt:hru y
201
PROEUS DARA
&'1'1 y 2x+ 3 2-.
15G1 :r y "'s y X
lJ
= 2x 3 "'0"
cr
H9'1'li:32 y 2x+ 3
'
fiy=x'i
It!:) ~
~H.'?~ 2 i'i 2nHS'i"ii:3 =- 3x- 2 '1

G':l I
2.
I. Snn.n SHS
1
f ru
y::::
0
2. ru
c/ o
3. f 0
0 b] '1
stmrrum 0
0 b] '1
" cr
4. h2H9'1'11:38 f
"R
J_., )
&8 8
f::ilfJj "'I
202
PROEUS DARA
usn&'\ &
y =x '1
0 •
= ru ~ ~ ''''11!'>'l::H<NiJO,\\""''-\\it>%1\\it,."'0~,y,o:~t1.bl_1dh'-l:k\~:i,0So'l\SR';;\:1';>;,.,,~$.'¥):.-llNCd-:iY•'\\< >W').\\W;'m;;.'fS>M,<';ll.\~lt{ffi!&1~\l}\~~''"'<1lAf~'!ii<!,,'>:il'%\\l&V:WMi':lli:-~'\':?0,11:>'R>;'l\"l>;tt1~"M.R'11-I'!.W,'ll\:twt"\:•l\i;J;ViW&~S)>\0:t'i.!&>&'%\;'>A~;;.,i'l~iilt""~"-<1>:1:i0tMi0Mwt'li.W.,"®')')J,'MtS.4'
X E { -1, 0, 1, 2} n ~ fi fi 1:2
0 "
'1
ct 0 ~ Q.l )
2. br:i""i:llSH~f\1:38 f nrrmmu IR ttfHli f(x) = 2(x 1)"'+ 1 '1
r:lrulSl f(-1) . 2f(l) . 1(-D 'i
3. l:?'i"i:ll8H8fi1:38
1
"'
r:t: xH3-2x '1 bi':tHli"i:llSdSfiHlUillufilb
w •v v
0 ""
= 3-2x '1
eJ 0 I ":J cf
4. lnl:f;JSnrulrii:SH9fl1:3821btUll1:3
3
n. f(x) = 4Jx- 3- _]_J:_ !':1. f(x) = 4J3- 2x- - --x-
Js -x -3x+ 2
2. f(x) = Jsx- 4 + X-1 115. f(x) = if;:~-1./4-x
ct ~l-4. '1 ~ Q.l ":1 r:! .e::.

6. tfif3JH9?11:38 f(x) = 2x-3 Sw g(x) = x-+2 'i hlnjlfilr:HnS y_tpb8H9fl1:38 f Sb g
tl:tl tm@r."lrl.HuJu ~ sb ~ '1
n. f(x) = 2x + 3 2. f(x) = 2 -x
f .\ - 1 3
l"i . .~(x 1 ·-- 3 , x;tO 115. f(x) = x-l
X
s. ruciLmumbH9!':11:3S21br;Lm1:3
n. y = lx + 11 2. y = lx- 11 + 2 '1
9. n. anHS!':11:3S~mru~:sHsr:11:3S
I
"'
l.i
"
l
d
= x+ 3 '1
2. rucium'i5fflbH8!':11:3S
I
f SbHSr:11:3SWlru
I G
F 1 '1
14
203
PROEUS DARA
2.1
e~5~e
" tu~tm'i5t2H£jfi"eS~GLn9 2
0 ~ 2
LAlli miHi 9fi"e s
I
tJt'jliJ y == x mn m"e
0
G rrfJG2liHLRl'e
1 1
X -2 -1 0 l 2
2 2
l 1
y 4 1 0 1 4
4 4
0
• nnru
u
':) cf C» II If 0 ~ II II CJ C':),
Unl'i5bSHSfi't3S2ltHbliitiTh:tl"
1
Lllfl'i5bli"
u
'1 GMG
1
0(0, 0) I:Slllfl'i5bliGS81:t:lblihl6l
u G'\
t249l'i5riliHI!H'i5Tlm" R~b\5" GUlli5HnJHHi:tHSth" HnJ~g" 'Gsm'h\JblHSg 'i m'h'tJbli

' 1
~:sgttiunndn~:lfjbtru '1
204
PROEUS DARA
o C).1 cr 7 ,.,
fHbl..f12H9l='i'l:32 6f = f(x 2 )-f(xt) = x2-x1 = (x 2 +x 1)(x2 --x 1)
~ llf (xz+Xt)(xz-X 1)
~msgr:JruwJu -'-= =xz+xl
llx x 2 -x 1
Gtm8Ll=1U x 1, x 2 tL::lru x 1<x 2 <0 tl='i(fl8 ~~ = x 2 +x 1 <0 tUli15L6'i~~'fH~l1:h'h1Jru

u
GtmgLl='iti x 1, x2 ft:Jru 0<x 1 <xz !l='i(fl8 ~ = xz+x1>0

~ 1::!) ct ~ 0
tnSt~b '1 Gl='iffi f tJlH9l='i'l:32~n2 mmg x>O 'i
y
1 1
X -2 1 0 1 2
2 2
1 1
--4 -I -- 0 -- l -4
L-~- 4 4
\
mb tl='iRnsrim " fi~ ru, tffi ruHnJHHttH s Rm
"i%mm
tr<N
hltn'hurutsgtt:J~
U
m'hurutsgfuunrlt:Sm;g&Ufflt3
U I
'1
I
l
X -4 -2 -1 -- 1 2 4
2 2
1 1 1 l
y 8 2 0 2 8
2 8 8 2
----
205
PROEUS DARA
-·---,-
X -2 -1
1
2
--1
4
0
1
4
-1
2
1 2
lI
1 1 1 1
y 8 2 0 2 8
2 8 8 2
i : y, .- l I
L' ' f i
' ; \ Ll
_JV"':\ I 1
/
'
! '
;~:l+-~
j L !
y '\ \ i/ I
··--··-••><• --·-~-
Vi 1
: ', !\ .,,_.,,.,. I !! '-::: i-"-'
i ; ~ l_t, i
1 2
2. y = - :zx i _l . .L .L x··
! l I i
' ; ~
Mhlfil1HSH~?'i13S
_v = a(x- p)
2
m~iH'rub?hl5LMUHnJ
0
m~fH1IlU
I
PROEUS DARA
'::1 cf 2 0 ~ '::1
Lf11'\.HSH~?l'i:jS y = (x-2) LflS[;i:tJt15fll~H'iblilf111HS
cl 2 0 Q:! V 1 ~
HS?l'i:jf:l
I
y =x oss
U
2 tlnmHu'USt!HnHfl'i.H\Ho
lj V 1
'1
2£nmsruf 2 nJcitmlimbH9?1'i:js y = x 2 sb
y = (x+ 2) 2 wwmmnJsmsthm'U
t;t;c:t L --....9
'1
0
ffl'i:jjjl1flti
1
fil'e'iff:'UrSHSH''i'\jS2lb
lj I
wl
n
tm-fltinJSi:t"lSOISlfl'ifll'U~SHSJ:mS
~~ lj I
y = (x+ 2)
2
018
ti:tlti5fll~~Rb15Lfll'UtSH9?1'i:jS y = x
2
G~S -2 tlnmLM'USbHnJ~li~hl '1
1J1llifiltl y = a(x-p) ctl3'URbli~SLffl'Ufi!b y =ax G~S p

2 2
bnffllJU'USbHnJ~li ~M '1
2
fi. y = 3(x + 2)
2. y = 3(x-1) 2
207
PROEUS DARA
2
2.3 ) +q
I . ~ cf
tu-ljgnms H ~j:)'i:§" s
? 0 eJ t.::).
y = a(x-pf+q Sfl'i:31Hbl5hnbl5Lt15'U
0
Sfl'i:HHliiG
I
cf 2 ,, "
~fil'iJSflb~HHi'i:3S y = (x-2) + 1 dl(fldl'Uru
lj l u
0
"nflru
u
I: I~ I2 I~ I! I: I
? d ~ ~
Sfll:3Lfil'U(S H~l=il:322lb 1: blitl=iffiG tu~ ~ smsm
? ~ 2 0~
Lfil'UbSHSj!''l'iHi y = (x-2) + 1 Ql21:thli5H'ibl5Lffi'U5flb
2
y = x GSS
u
2 bnmutu'USbHfi'iHlliMtui:Ulli5'U2ltil:3n
u l &
0~ C:p eJ 0
~nbl5Lhl'UShHnJHHtht2G~2 1 bnm '1
er
"o
'Hf1'UbSH21!'l'i:32
lj l
.
y = a(x- pt, + q c:V n
u
"
l!'ldl(fldl'Ubl51:!:ibl5(fl2
e;
0~ C:p () I 4' 0
ttnru~nrutm'Umh y = ttu'UshHnJHl'Uf~itDG~s
p bnm ttfiruttu'UshHrgHHtn!:sl3~s q bnm '1
m'h'Ubl5'i::fl2Rr:Jbl5 (p, q) ShHmgg'i::flstu-Hm~ X= p .'1

U U Vov
I
y t
y =ax
2\
p X
208
PROEUS DARA
1 2
2. y=
3(x+2)-l
2
y = x - 2x- 1
0 ~
lflti ? It
y = x"-2x-l ctltflfl1Jb15Lil8t1:hli5H1b15Lffl'i5
u
G'flti y = x 2 G~S 1 bnm uo'i5sbiinJffiU~M tffiru
~msg ~HH1:h~8t8n~b15R
" 0 ""
(1, -2) tRtll8lffl'i5
t:lG2lti hll '1

u "
2 2
. z · . [ b] b -.4ac ·. · . . z
til~&gi y =ax +bx+c =a x+ a - a · = ~(x~p}+q
2 4
fvru
w· p =- b
2a ·. · · · q
Etl = -. ·bz-4ac
4a
'1.
tmti!s y = ax + bx+ c
2
mfu'i'l'iJruft:i~Yi:flSR~ru (- ?a
b
StiHnJ~gl:fls hl~fil~x
"' C) ' "" .
=-
L---~
a '1
2
---'----'------'---'"'-----------'
RM~~m nn ts ts R~ rn sti M~fil~HnJ~g lsfu'h1Jrn2lti tt,m-e

I
1 2
n. y = x" + 2x + 3 2. y = - 2x + 8x + 1
n. y = 5x 2 + 2x- 3
209
PROEUS DARA
2.4
2 fl? ffl UIJ1" 1
2 ?
y ::: X - 2x + 3 = x·- 2x + 1 + 2 = (X·· l r +2
.)
"
'i:llSHH2Hi5J'tWi:ll "" 2
t~ mrurun "
x = l '1 r;nQIS
"G\J "'
n&'i:iHnm'i:llni l:sitru"" !R '1
2fl7ffliM" 2
y = -2x2 +4x+ 1 = -2(x-lt+ 3 ?
""'"' ,.,4 " .,. "'!. " "';'5 ""

w1~ht1 ~H2Hni5~'i:ll SwHi5JtH'i:ll!:2H~~'i:iSwi:L"19 2 : y
H2~'i:iS'i:ll2nt'i:iH'i.H'UJ'i:JltM y b ~ a4 ac
2
- r;{j a>O !:S"H 1 G\J ~ ~

=-
;
~n~ x =- - -
b ""
t'i.fll15 "
H2?l'i:i2ff!S "'
HGWH:ll 1:9 '1
c; 2a I ....
2
- ttl " " Hn'DHfl
a<O t2HH2~'i:iS'i:ll2nh'i:i "" nu., y =- b -4 ac
1 G\J .... 4a
"" "
(.!ib. x =- 2ba ~'i.fii15H~mHlQ!S HUJm'idl r;g 'l
y
a<O
2fl7'ifliM" 3
0 c<' 2 ? ~ ~
fJH5W
t!N
H 21 ~'i:i s v = - 2x + 3x + 4 'i:ll8 n m HntiH::ll t fo
"' GV ~
2 2
b -4ac 3 -4·(-2)·4 41 b 3 3
y =- 4a 4(-2) = 8 x =- 2a =4
PROEUS DARA
0 I ':I ';) ')

2. nMG"i&'ib~HtiJ'tWi::flbS y == x--4x-3 '1
~fTI'UlW.tf 4 Rll.SI~&l'E'i::JH~'US'ifl
GIJ
SbHtima'ifltSHS!Ol'i::JS
eJ 1
v == x -2x-2
..
2
d5'i:flsttlSRrut~
D == {xJ-lS:x:S:4} '1
: [(-i 1Y :
!
i
/: !
i
\ I :
\ 4 !r" !- 2.x H2
i i
i
l
i 1\ 0 I :.X
\ ,;
\. J
-,J ! :
i
D = {xi- 1::;: x::;: 4}
2
2. y == -x +3x (-2S:x:S: 1)
fflb x(m) d'Hilgb tS'HtibruTltiJ~ 50-x(m)

"
tl'1Qi8b~E11iji S !:SfBSGJU!Ol S = (50-x)x
" " c;;
'ifiS&lr~H~'i5i'ifliJ1~ = 25
2 2
s= --x +50x=-(x-25) +625 &S'H s x
lh mg X == 25 t Sl g 50- X = 25 btfl tiJ S = 625
211
PROEUS DARA
., .,
i,~~HS~ 3 t1:1Al?i~2J~ti5~1:lruffisty~~b 60cm dl(l~~~n £Ulti5i1:1tH~t2JsrliHS"J~l::tlAl~~
(1 ~ '1 tfi tllL£1~ m~f2JU'~~ run t~tJj!3Jr:l ru\in l~Lnwls Alb~ 9lb n~ffis&l l~~tH5~ 61 '1
ij
2. s ~~~g~~w~~m; ~s~~iim;~s~~~2ffl~~m5
n. ~nun :LfuHntul1nnfittn9 2 muu·nu
~tMlgLnnrutUfima~tLn9 2
ai+bx+c =0 (l)
2
y = ax + bx + c (2)
y = ax 2 + bx + c = a [ x + a
2
b] -
2 2
b -4ac
4
a 2tU'i~firu1~
G
HJ!Ut]
t_; Q
{jg
= a(x+ ..!?_) -~
2
2a 4a
~ms glmuls (2) i:flSR ~ ru (- :a' - ~J
Gtmg a>O tl"ii:flSnHWl~u2liHLAl'H
0 (- ..!?_ - ~)
2a' 4a
ih'huU ruih 2 b ii nn-nti fu'huU ru-@ s dll u ii n1\f HltJ h5I tU

U t::;»
I'dI tU
II U I I
mnuU ru Al&lHnH-nu
ij
tUtU
I ij
L&l~ (1~8 fWJUI:r:lJb Q1 Ln~ (- :a' o) tU'i§Al:i (l) tU'i§ms (I) ffiStihldlGss
"' "' w
hlfiAl:i (1) i:flSYIUOHr:lJb i:flSti!U~ti x1 = Xz = - b

"' ' 2a
PROEUS DARA
y y
!?_ - ~)
( - 2a
0 0 ' 4a
~=0
II II I(!) I~ Ult Q d tQJ
mnuU ru fil61H n'iV ffi'i5 wI w tflfl'i5 bli't§ Sd'i5Hn'i ffi'i5 M hl

U U V I
Ulb rlJGb1JlG&dJ~ ~
'""' 0
hl't:lfil~ (1) Ef12YhldlG~2
""' 0
wf§m~ (1) 'i::flsyw~htdJ~
~ Xt , Xz
x
2
- 2x + k = 0 t 2l g ! 1- k '1
~
0
mmg
4 >0 y_ k< 1 '"
t2lg1_!1l'i5filriHnJ
I~ I~ 0
H~'i5hlhl~ribmuMmd'i~ffl '1
I l.j I V «
thmg ~ = o y_ k = 1 t2lglmmhdll;Iru
H fi'i ffithd hl 'i 61 i1 'ij tJj rul G '1

V I W W
G I
~
0
mmg
4< o y_ k > 1 "'
tS'ULfil'i5't:3Sfilri
'
HnJffitl~Wt9 '1
\..q_ 2 Qll..t..U tc;t r:r4 '?

mw y =X -mx+4 2wHfi'iffi'i5hlhltlftff'l'i§6'it't:l
V I
m '1 GV
213
PROEUS DARA
0 " "' "" ~

MMi5M~S;jft5'l§Al~wGUn9
0 ""'
2 ax 2 +bx+c>O
1"'
X
x<a,x>~'l
il>O
mh (1) l::ltinh
u .. u
m JII '1
1
00 ':) 2 0 ~ 0 I
MMi5
I"'
M&S ax + bx + c > 0 dltiSWfH1619lb~Hl5
X
CJJ 0 0 ?
m ll < 0 G'il'l§'iffltinbm IV tRQISMMi5M&S y
LJ c; u J'-!>
1
2 2
ax + bx + c > 0 dlcrsst161mbmJ
lJ
ttflli5 ax + bx + c < 0
214
PROEUS DARA
X1 = 2+4 :::: 3 Xo
-
2-4
= - = -1
2
x<-1 'i5 x>3 '1

"'-
()( ~ C\1 ?
2fl7f.JIH?./7 2 b1:1H1Jlflti5-a fd'i:Hfl~ x-- 2x- 3 < 0
Gnt3Lf1l'i5 '1
ruffw fdtilm'D y = x 2 - 2x- 3 'tfls

'2n51_fi~nnt\ ~ = (-2) 2 -4·1(-3) = 16
2+4 2-4
X1 :::: - -
2 =3 , Xo :::: -
- 2 ::: -1
"' ""'
i~ ~HS ~ b!:h glftJlru1 fd~ fi1Hl1t3Lfll'li :
4x + 4 ~ 0
2 2 2
n. .l + 4x + 1 < 0 2. 3x + 7 X+ 3;:::: 0 A. - x + 7 X+ 3 > 0 lli. x -
~ ""
2fl7f.JIWJ7"' 1 0 ' "" 2
nrt.nn&'l~~ k bwt3J6Jfdt3ffl~ x +2(2k+ l)x+(k+ 1)
':>
=o ""
'i:flS'8fdllHdJb
mtt.ilru1n'tflsmbri~ '1
"' (S-
2
PROEUS DARA
mtl Ll m~tuLtf'i§n.nil'E2tu'i§nu i+2(2k+ l)x+(k+ I)= o

rsufuh\iru'i:f12R~ru (-2k-l, -~) tmrufu'h\Jruffl~HRJHHtllt2E'ii1 (0, k+ 1) <J
y
- d"4 = -{(2k+ I) 2-(k+ 1)} <0 (1)
1 -2k-l >0
k+l>O
(2)
(3)
X
6ll'i3 (1) -{(2k+ 1/-(k+ 1)}<0
_______,-('~-)-~--_3--+[---+-]____,,;_
4 -l 0
2
n (2) t?\012 k<- ~
""rJ (3) t?\012 k>-l
0 0'> " <:!> 3
!:iU tH 2 g tu rulI t 2 6H'i3 k ?\ -1 < k < - - <J
~
4
num:Bwuf~g : tmn 8w'frugmt

Z fnif!UW I 'lYLAl'i5 t ij"Bjr til gLnnru~ tu'i§ m~ 2
x < 2x ( 1)
iruwi t?lffimtllgLnnru~tu'i§m~ 2
x <2x m"BE'f'U m"B~mJu~sz-tbtLm"B
2 t::.\
- I
tuti~mumb y = x
G sb y = 2x
0
nb~srunHHtll£21:~"Bru <J
~ 1 u
t:J
w
1
2 0
=x
II II I
~mumb y mrnnurum~m"BGMG
G u I
216
PROEUS DARA
c=I!J
~
A(2, 4) '1
<>' ., .,
:uran U717 2 t tru Lft.llli5 d ro 13 m~ lx - 21 < 3 '1
y
utjw rotiLmtHnb y = lx- 21 sb y = 3
, {x-2 , x2:2
rob1Jlltii?ilb y = \x- 21 =
-x+2, x<2
Q ~0 0 ':)I Q
y = -x+2 sb y = 3 t'i..flrutHl..llG
~ 1
B(5, 3) dlGru!G'i'liroi:HS'liSln
l.i b 1 &
y = x-2 sb y = 3 '1
t::J,) '\.:) cl t::::r. '>;)
i?il131Jlltit?ltiD£!)Gl Lffltib8H~?l't3Si?ilb y = lx-21 ~n&sit1J11131Jlltii?ilbts y = 3
thmg -1 <X< 5 tWtS g ~ ro-@mans wru'lsd~ru XE ( - 1, 5 ) '1

u 1 ""
"' ""'
i~~HS~ t!:flgLflllli5~ro-@nu l2x-6l<4 '1
1. 1Jlltimb y = a(x- p)
2
m~'i5Rru~s'Lmtimb y = ax 2 t3~s P tlnmLrotisbihu
Hlli g\j ro
I
'1
':I c' ? d If II eJ OQ ')

2. 1JlltibSH9?1138 y = a(x- p)" +q ?ldlUldllJbliGi::lblililS&I:hli5 ~nruun'i5 i?ilb y =ax-
lJDliSbHRJHltl~roG~S p bnm~U1ruLrotiSbHnJHHI:hr:st3~s q bnm '1 mhv,ru

'BlSR~ru (p, q) sbHRJ~g'i:flsro-@m~ x =p '1
1
217
PROEUS DARA
PROEUS DARA
? "";.. 2
= [ 4x+ 3 8w g(x) -2) -1 '1
n. t~b~iithmg Vx , f(x) = 3. 9l mr:ht'HlH'irulnffi~S

......., 1 fi1
f(x)
10. bt:tHEl.flli5~ M-l5f!li2lb &Lf11i:3 :

2
n. >9 2. x(x-2)<3 fi . .l + Sx 6 <0 '155. 2x - 7 x + 3 :2: 0
ll. tfitf18 f(x) = x2 2x 5
2. Mci m'hu runb ~~ li5nHHf:t'H 8 H3'i.HTTl RnHH r:n r;s ~2Gru1m'i.5Mm tlbm'h'i5ru
u"'
l
1 u w "'u 1G" u
stiHnJj,'lU~M '1
d
12. tfi't:flS1H"8fii:38
l
=4
n. Lfll'i5fflbH9fi'BS f sb g Qb~1li5~HHf:Jlt2 '1
l
2. G1:tULflflli51M-\5mi ::;3 '1
' d ""
R. ftjbLfll'i5?1lbH9fii:32 y:.:: x+ l amtngLfUlli5Mi:3fila l2x-II = x+ 1 ffli:3Lfil'i5 'i
219
PROEUS DARA
4
H9R'i:JS"' y ~ ' y = -----+-3 '
0
S?Hlfl I ? ~ ~
"' !U~!f\l'i.HS H S R'i:ll:Hd S 9l S
LJ I
y = X-a
0 ' Q) ~ '?
" nrwlmu'i:lmlh'l&i5BG'l&Hs
I U
C' ""
H S R'i:38 n5 S 9l Sin li5 ')
= 4X tn2rr:Jsr'iMri
C'
I
- H9R'i:l8 y {xjx;tO}
ov ~ '::1 ct
., mruhnrt5Lm'lHSH9R'i:lS
C'
-- HSIR'i:JS y =-
2x+ !US9lS
3x+ 4
- H9R'i:l8"' y = x-2
;t 2}
x-l 2
y y = 3x+
X+
4
' y
X-
a
y
X
ef eJ 0 I
- 'i ~HjR'i:lS y =- 'i:flSr:tl8nrulfi ;t

X
220
PROEUS DARA
rJnn
u
It
L:imsg tfiQIS
u !lx x 2x 1
- Gtmg~ti x 1 , x 2 tL:irn x 1 <x 2 <0
~:fims !:,.f <0 ttfit.D'iG'i~filsh'ifllungf11sffi9Tu,

6.x l_ju "' G 1
- thmg'ifitl
L;
Xj, x2 tL:irn O<xl <x2 l:fiQI8 /:,.f <0
.6.,)(
bUll'i5l"G'l~msb'ifllu13gf11StG'i
"u ct LJ t
S'lu 'i t:::IH f dlH8fit38tJg

I 1
Gtmg x<O 8b x>O '1
"' 0 "'
'ifllu
G
v =-x1""2G'lwG'iHnHfl'l.HtHt5fllrnrwn
·
;::,
'6 1
<)
x 26"iwfiH88n ttnf.l52fiwG'1Hn1HHt:ht8
' ""
u
"' ;::, ""' "' ;::, "
mruo.m x 2fi~G"ift58HmgHn'iHIUWft5
u v '6 l
sbHn'iHHt:htfHtfTim
'6
H!Wt3fin~8'ifllu
l u G
v
.
= X~ 'i
6.f f(xJ ) = !!._ -- !!:. - ---'-----'-

x2 X1 Xz · X 1
6.f = a
Ax x2 · x1
- Gtmg a>O sb O<xl <x2 'l:l Xj <Xz<O H'iQI8

!:,..f < 0
6.x
6..f
-->0
!lx
(/ tL:i ru a* 0 t'Lll4m
A
·· ~£r1'\jrn" tL:iru'i:llSHnJHltl~fd sbHnJHHt:ntsdl
H1Wt3fi61
I U
"~
221
PROEUS DARA
0 ~ 1 ":1 cr
~~~~~ 1 MbLff11HS~-Hjfl'i:3S
~
n. y = -2X 2. y = - 3X-
""' .
f1l!J!i5 MbLffltHilb y = ~1 '1 »~fl'i:3S y
"'
=;:l 
~
J v
umfi y= x filfiflru o sbm'i:3tHl.flG (1, 1) '1 \/
& l _, - / "-, X
f--.../ 0
~ t i:ll ~ s G ruwm w r1 fl (-1, -1)
0 ""
m'i:3umu m tn s nH
u l L,; ~ ' 1 v ~- r.:.~ __
C4 t=~:::
,,
y = / \.
sb c1, l) '1 i/ \
··-··
/ !
a
y -+q
X-
Z fl7 tn Ul!l"' 1
... 4 " 0 •
fJt'i:i!iJ y =- 'i::llS!:t:lSnrulG'i {x[x;t:O}
IN X
mnb6'it'i:3W52 <V
4 <J 0 •
y = --1 'i::llS&tlSnrulG'i {x[x;t2}
x-2
222
PROEUS DARA
~····+·····~····+····+···+·····i······i·····+··+····; ..... ; ..... ; ......~ ..... ; ......,X.:... l..JH······d··•······•······•······•······:······:······7····+····t·····~·····~·····~·····i······i
,......,......,......,......,......,...... ,......;......,...... ~ .....;; ..... ~·····~·····~·····.; ......,..5... t :::·r······•···1l·•······i······i······i······i······i······i······7·····':·····':·····o····+···-i······•

<······<······<······<······i······i······i······i······~·····o·····ic····+····.;·····~·····~······i·····t·····1······i····i<······i······i······i······i······i···· ..7..... 7..... ;......;...... .;......;..... .; ......,
~ \·~~~.;......;......;......;....+ ....;.......;......;......;....+ ..+· ....; ......,

;...... ;...... ;......;......;......;......;......;......;...... ......; ......; ..... .; ..... .; ..... .; ......; ....+···i·..
-il '\ ,_ !O i-.5 . . _x

Iu " ._, ' '. 1
~
i...... !..···+· .... ;..... +··"·i···..+·..·+···+.......... ............ ,, ....+-... ?l'\1~
;......;.....+.....;.....+..···!·....+..··+···+···+..··;; ...+ .... ·H'V·~'·=~~i·"':. ... .....!···c"!····="!... .x'"'~~
: :.. '1···1•·;·· ..··;···..·;··..··-;·.... t ......,......,......,......,
;......;......;......;......;......;......+···..!f....+·+..··•.....,...... .;...... .; ....+ .....Hlt......!·\1 ..·i,...... ,.....+...·+····+..··:··...+.... ,........,......,......,......,..... _, ..... ;·····;

I il J
":) cl cy .:::::. ":) cl 4

filtilf'll'i5b8H9?1ti82lbtru t?1HlGn5~~8U18Lfllfil'i5b8HSj?1ti8 y = x- -1 Lfl8
2
tmru~firuunumb y = ~ 13~s 2 ilnfii~JUu'SbHnJHl'l5~tu sb -1 ilnfi11JtlusbHnJ
HHi::fH8 '1
~ a c:V~~v e~
un'i.Hil'W y = X-· p +q ?1 wI~ m'\1 ru btl rumstirHth ti5
ifiruHil'i.Hnb
G
v = 'X3: G88
. u
p Qnfil'in5tiHnHflt5idw
lJ \1 l
sb
0 <)
13~8 q ilrH'ilLW'i5HnJHHt:llt8 '1

iHr1uruts
l u
g1::f18 Hl t\hHHHli5:i
l u
sb ttl n rt~ rul:f18 tu~ rm tflb
'J
[I x =p sb y =q '1
~ ~ I ' cf
~~gons~ 1 wbunmni'l~SJf.tis
n. y = - ~ 2. y = - ~+5 ?1. y = - -
2
lli. .v = - X-2 +5
X X x-2
223
PROEUS DARA
n. +l)y=-I 2. -l)(y+ 2) "'· 4
,.; ax+b
fiHS y =- -
ex+
rutl[!iltimbH9?1't:lS y = ~,x: 13 '1
~f:ltnS v = x+
2 3 1
= - -+2 '1 rutli:illtimtl y = x~ tnsftjSRrt.n~ {xix=tO}
· x+ x+l L
mrlbG1t'tlt:,u2
GV
y
1
Lfll'i:Jmb y =x+ + 2 msGttlru
y =~ X
t1ss
W
-1 bnm1rutiiim:
G tl-
1
y ·=: ---- +2
X+ 1
ffi5 X :::: -1
"""-..1 02
\
t1:;1n y =2 '1
n. y = 3x
X-
!-- 2x
2. y =
X+
X-- J
1'1. v = -
~ 2-- X
PROEUS DARA
H 9f.i1H~ y ::: J;: ' y = 3 J2 -X '
y = Jx 1
+ j +5, ... rt~rudlnU:iJl'i:31::ll8HbGJ X b
0 •
nrwH'i ft5
{x!x;:o:O}
H&jf.i'i:38" y =3
{ :C::2}
H8f.i'i:38"
0
0
-
I
E IR} &18
8 y =
'i:f18 Ht:IH8 20 (1)

PROEUS DARA
'>
LmnHs (J)
~msg LfillJmb / = x sbunumb y ./ J;jg

"'l
m~t5frub~gtq)m94sbu ~ y =X ft:JruLr;:isb x~O 'i

I U
utfltiJ
~
v
-
= ffx n.J'i:mm
u
Y'
2
= -2x , x?: o 1
x nJlt.Drunf~nLr;~s,'j y~O &su

u
. . . Yl.
:/ I
;-...
--.. ..._-.......
i' /
~
~
-
0 / :
~
0_ v/ !
i
\/ i X
-4 -) // 0'\ 4
\ ......
. r······· . . . !
/ r\
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. b( ·c. j
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/
v i \. ! ······
............ i ' \
:: 0}
226
PROEUS DARA
l l
0 --- 2 --8
8 2
,,
l
y 0 j 2
2 I
·, .. - - '
'
i~~',
. ~------
f
i············
! i ~-
""'- 0
~
'-..._ •
•
: :
•
"'\
-8 -b -4 -,2 0
n. ,. =
I i ! ··---·-·-----------
2. y = '__ ' '
_ _ _ _ L. .L :
y a>O y a>O
y
O< a<O
n. -' 2. y
227
PROEUS DARA
y = ~~
"' ' "'

H?lJffilifl.(lu '-1 tntn2Lf'ill5Gntl
y = = J2x-4
y = J2x + 5 '-1
n. Y = 2. y = n. Y =
(l )
cy 0 t:::l.1 ? 1
trunHtl9ltlrJH2 (l)dlnHl +5 =4 l5
"'-
8x 20 = 0
"'
tntn2 X = -2 , \: - lO
,_'
h G) X = -2 ~:nm2 Ji = -1 @2£~bmil
4 4
'·
X= 10 l:ntn2 Ji5 = 5 G mil
4
0
[:jf:H@g nH~
u u
nn t2G rWlGru fi.Hln"" l ,; .0
(10. '-1
228
PROEUS DARA
~"'
Mi:!Lfil'l.Hllh~HF1'i:H3HMSV1S y = ..;2x+5
' <:1 ""
2bLfil'l.Hflti y = 21x
9
MciLfiltHflb H ?l'i:H1 H MS V12 y = J2x + 5
ff!dlb fi ~'i:H
GV
h\52
2
y 0 1 3
y=Jx-2
n. 1
= 3x
1y
2.
y = -Jx
{ y = x-1
229
PROEUS DARA
" cl
~ 1 Lf'il'i.HSH~I'l'i:3S
) C;:, ($ I e;V
y = x-+ l(x2':0) sb Lf'illiH~I'll:3stmn5 ~lirMll'l
' " cl
MhtmmsHEjl'l13SLffin5tttl ru
y = Jx-l ?f ~g mJusiHJ~~ y = x ~ums
l
ttlitmtiisH ~~'i:3stfj'i:3
'i5 ~ [)J QtJ ~ 'i5 ::n tJ t LFfll:3
1
,y
I /
~--y
:
" v v\; = i,
!·········· [~ tE ~- l (. . 2': :0)1 X
w-
I /
i
;
v_,... l--
- e.--
i= Jx :-1
v 0 X
i !/
/
~ ~ d ~
t'l5H9r=ll:3S y = f(x) 'i:flSHEjr=ll:38Lffihl y = g(x) trubms b = f(a)
hl'i:31:3bli
u
a = g(b) '1
o c:::-. cy .., er 4!::$
r:lmsg GrulG P(a, b) hl6'1GGlltb151fill5b8HS~'i:38 y = f(x) ~hl't31:3bli
u u c-.. lj i u
Qp 0 ~ t:::J) '? ct
ttrlsbGnf1G Q(b, a) ~n~84trntmmSHEj~l:38Lffihl y = g(x) 'i
GrulG
1
P(a, b) sh Q(b, a) m mmQusbum~
(N & cti
y = X 'i
1
y
Y = f(x) y =X
P(a,b\./
'/
.. y = g(x)
Q(b, a)
X
PROEUS DARA
ct ~ cf I
LAl'GffiiHH~l'i'\:Hl y = f(x) SbLAI'GffiiHH~l'i'e21Jln5 y = g(x) ~l5ti5 f ~g

1
n. y = }-1 (x;:::O) 2. y = X-2 + 1 (x > 0)
X=-~ '1
tjg'1
GV
1
~ a c:U~~eJ °c::t. a
2. "ifn'Gffiw y
lJ
=-
x-p u 1
e1
+ q l'iwil-H!:l'Gb"tH!:lrumstt:nruHH15'if1l'l5
lJ
y =-
x
HnJffili~ru st\8~ s q bnmtr.mH nJHHt:n ts '1
y =X ttflli51Jl~Sb y;:::O '1

u
4. Lmlimb y = -./ax+b mstt:nruH~ruLmlimb y =.}a;; G~s p =- ~ bn ~~

ffili~1 ru '1
231
PROEUS DARA
= re ~ ~ Wii~'@\~ii.~'%~~~.'lftWI)I$tiCI}~':;:lJM"c"lff\1.\N~\\'lW·~~~Y}b\'"'~®"trf;>i;,%trl:l:~'(!(i>,\11!'~(\:";){•l"\..%~'\li'®~Xik"~1-oV\\Bt\JG1,\';I\i.'\l'A"'~'\.'·I'Rtl''h'\";,'U,.Wfi'~i)l:slWKit.'&O\(~~]%\%'rt'«)i~R~~~'l\,~~}~\l~\1;
0 •
1. anH2R'SSttlruHfl'i.Hfl2t!:llruifiruHn'i.Hilb y
I lJ l.J
= X~
0 ~ I ~
n. u~2 -5 bnm Ltu'UHnJffitHljn5 '1

0 ~
2. u~S -4 bnfll UJ'UHnJHH!:lltS 'l
J ~ 0 I Ci.J ~ cf
2. n5b'ifll'U
lJ
Sb nMnffihl'tH161t2H
I U
2I R'tHl :nb £Hil1:1
l.J
4
n. y = - '1
x+3
2
2. y = 4--- '1
x+l
U
0
I lJ
'
3. nMnnHH!:llt2urJJlu'i'UhlmtlbHil'lifllb
<J lJ
y
0
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Sb'\52161
<:
'
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Hniffilit\Jtutvlt~b
if I <J
'1
'
5. hlhLAltifllbH "'
R'tHl:J1b £Lfil1:1 9
n. y = J3x-5 '1
2. y = -J4-x '1
cr ~ v o , er ~
6. H1H2I R'S 2Hflhl
lJ
Sb in ti:l2nM nffib HSI R1:12 f(x) 81:1W ti5 '}:J1b t1Al1:1
l.J
n. j(x) = ~X+ 5 '1
2. f(x) = _!_
x+ 2
+1 '1
R. f(x) = ~ '1
lli. f(x) = -Jx + 4 '1
232
PROEUS DARA
L Rrtflfi5'1C~ p sb q ttJ bt5H9i"'i'i:3S y

2
x + px + q 'i:llSG'iC~WliJ1Wtfl1J1tl X = 4 8.::~
HSi"'i'i:3S'b'lSG'it'i:3bh1
l '-"'I
GV
5 jG'itl
U
X= 2 '1
6. 13ru!G
l
y) tm rru1_Elb Ac csL~tmru~ MBc ~G~'i521b tLm'i:3
l
B( -6, 0) C(3, 0)
" k
G'im = -1 '1
GV
n. ( ...... , 2. ...... )
i"'i. ( -2, ...... ) m. ( ...... , 3)
233
PROEUS DARA
3) 8 8 f\H 2 'i
0
G G 5) 'j
'
'i55.. 'U fi fill' y - -4 '1
13 (
x-2>0
y;::::O
X- 4<()
+ - 6 :s:o
= + +4 8 + 1 '1
1 stJ g '~
13. n. rt.5t5 rn :y::o; rn y

0
mru 1
+ X +1
( ).
2
(3)
2
=X
2 l
>- + > + <
··f- j _._,
3
: y = + bx+ c ( 1 1 L 3)
fi : X 2 '1
n. "" a, b
212fH'l
w
sjj ~G
w Lm'U
1 2 3 7
2 .. bf::tl fil2 4.x + +-:S:x+2
234

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PROEUS DARA

A!Hlwt152'\56it3H5 MH~ fill JICA

ms 9 9wru rn~H s rrn

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3. ~ M-HA!i .................................................................................................. 130

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~Mn lfl1 M61 (Aristotle384-322't:l81~Mronfld)

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ffiGdl 1:161 tmsnm~m

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