Variogram Analysis Nyankanga – CED comments

Comments are not repeated if specific observations have been

highlighted on previous slides
 The variogram in the x-y plane is
essentially omni-directional with
an practical range of influence of
about 60m
These two variograms along strike
and across strike are influenced
by the drilling grid, and due to the
Practical Range of influence 60m
Practical Range of influence 35m scarcity of data the estimates will
be mainly variogram model driven.
The variogram in the z-direction
provides detailed information on
the continuity of the mineralisation
3rd range of 100m is downhole and it displays two sills
a trick to cope with 1st at around 0,65 and the 2nd sill
zonal anisotropy of about 0.78; trend or change in
continuity ?
It might be indicative of a different
type of continuity in the
Practical Range of influence 60m mineralisation in this direction –
NYK WASTE BIF UD i.e. that the 0.5 g/t indicator is not
necessarily valid throughout the
deposit at depth and it is
suggested that this option be
investigated
Scaling of the variogram sills to the original variance which is the product of the To cope with the zonal anisotropy
proportion of zeroes and the proportion of ones is acceptable a range of 100m is artificially
introduced.
It is not necessary as the kriging weights are invariant to the variogram model as long
as the ratios C0, C1 & C2 to the sill (C) remain constant and the ranges are unchanged. Non-stationarity and negative
weights can become problematic
 The variogram in the x-y plane is
omni-directional with a practical
range of influence of about 75m
The variogram in the z direction
displays zonal anisotropy as
before
Practical range of influence is 40m

NYK WASTE BIF C

These variograms are basically the same as those for the WASTE BIF UD on slightly
longer range in the x-y plane 75m vs. 60 m
The possibility of down dip trend displayed in the indicator means that after a certain
distance apart the down dip data becomes more variable – the proportion of zeroes
and ones have changed, this will have an influence on the estimation model as the
data become more scarce deeper down.
 The variogram in the x-y plane is
essentially omni-directional with a
practical range of influence of
about 40m.

The variogram in the z direction

displays zonal anisotropy as
before

Practical range of influence is 35m

Non stationarity and negative

NYK WASTE BIF S weight can become a problem

All previous comments on zonal anisotropy, model driven estimates and non-stationarity
and trend are valid.
 An additional 20% variability is
introduced between 30m and
110m by taking the sill to 1.00
The variogram in the x-y plane is
essentially omni-directional with
an practical range of influence of
about 60m. Both are poorly
modelled

The variogram in the z direction

can directly be modelled to 0.80,
the zonal anisotropy does not
require an artificial long 3rd range

NYK ORE BIF UD Practical range of influence is 35m

Non stationarity and negative

weight can become a problem

All variograms along & across strike as well as down dip should be modelled to a sill of
0.80, which is where the sill stabilises.
 ORE BIF C

All variograms along & across strike as well as down dip should be modelled to a sill of 0.80, which is where the sill
stabilises. Modelling the trend introduces second order non-stationarity. Comment of previous slide all valid for these
models
 ORE BIF S

All variograms along & across strike as well as down dip should be modelled to a sill of 0.80, which is where the sill
stabilises. Previous comments are valid.
HW Undifferentiated
HW ORE GC
WEST HW ORE
WEST HW ORE
HW WASTE zmod
HW WASTE
ORE IND
HW SPLAYS GC
HW SPLAYS
WEST tc80
DYKE
LATERITE
West TC 2
WEST TC
WEST
ZONE 1
ZONE 1 & 2
ZONE 2
ZONE 2 GC
ZONE 3
Number of samples analysis

CED Comments
 NYANKANGA 2006

Ioda East
Nyankanga Fault
West
“Diorite plug”
Ioda West
Fault

Nyankanga
Main

Nyankanga
East (LCN)
Western
Margin Shear Dyke
 Au Block estimates based on variable max SAMP

The 45o line indicate the blocks that are unaffected by MAXSAMP. In other instances:
Max 50 Samples mostly overestimate Blocks compared to both Max 100 samples
and Max 200 samples
The variograms have fairly short ranges and the results are indicative of a the
smoothing effect that takes place once more samples are introduced.

There is not much difference between block estimates based on MAX100 and MAX200
 Increasing the number of samples from 50 to 100 does not have a
significant effect on the global mean – average difference is -0.009g/t
 Increasing the number of samples from 100 to 200 does not have a
significant effect on the global mean – average difference is 0.001g/t
 Increasing the number of samples from 50 to 200 does not have a
significant effect on the global mean – average difference is -0.007g/t
 Analysis on 5 <= NSAMP <=50

OBSERVATIONS
The kriging variance decreases as the number of
samples increases and reaches a plateau around
10 (g/t)2
1361/1499
= 32 % KVAR > 15 Kriging variances in excess of 15 % are mostly on
the edges and where NSAMP is mostly (90%) less
than 20 samples used

2838/1499
= 68 % KVAR < 15

As the sill of the variogram =100 g/t2

a KVAR =15 (g/t)2 roughly coincides with 15%
The highest KVARs appear to be for blocks on the
edge – and is expected as these blocks are more
likely to be extrapolated than interpolated blocks
Analysis on 5 <= NSAMP <=100

OBSERVATIONS
The kriging variance
decreases as the number of
samples increases and
reaches a plateau around
10 (g/t)2
Kriging variances in excess
of 15 % are mostly on the
edges and where NSAMP is
less than about 10
Analysis on 5 <= NSAMP <=100

OBSERVATIONS
The kriging variance
decreases as the number of
samples increases and
reaches a plateau around 10
(g/t)2
Kriging variances in excess of
15 % are mostly on the edges
and where NSAMP is less
than about 10
The proportion of KVARs s below 15 (g/t)2 remains constant at about 68%
irrespective of Max no of samples used, consequently the proportion of KVARs
above 15 (g/t)2 is also constant at 32%
What does however happen is that there is a slight change in the shape of the
distribution of the Kriging variances in the below 15 (g/t)2 category
The number of samples only effect the samples on the edges