Buenavista, Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro

C o m m i s s i o n o n H i g h e r E d u c a ti o n
C o l e g i o d e S a n S e b a s ti a n

Course Instructor: __Pinky N. Pagayonan_____ Course: ___Fluid Mechanics___

Submitted by: ___Ma. Christine D. Cairo_______ Date: ___October 16, 2020_____
Course and Year: ___BSED Major in Science III_____

Preliminary Exam
I. Definition. Define each of the terms below that was introduced in this unit in
your understanding. (2pts each)

FLUIDS Fluids are substances in the liquid or gas phase. A fluid deforms continuously
under the influence of a shear stress, no matter how small. Within just the body
of fluid they can move randomly from one position to another.
COHESION It is the attraction of forces between molecules of the same type. You can
observe cohesion when the attraction in mercury and capillary tube results a
convex shape.
ADHESION It is the interactions between the molecules of a liquid and some solid surface. It
is observed when the water and capillary tube attraction results a concave shape.

SURFACE TENSION It is a property of a liquid surface displayed by its acting as if it were a stretched
elastic membrane. You can observed surface tension when certain insects can
stand or walk on the surface of water.
CONTACT ANGLE The angle θ between the tangent to the liquid surface and the surface.

DENSITY It is the mass per unit volume of a substance or object.

CAPILLARITY The tendency of a fluid to be raised upward or suppressed downward. For

example a tree absorbing a water from the soil.

LIQUID Liquids are materials that have a definite volume but no specific shape. For
instance, liquids like water can easily flow into and take the shape of the
container that but water do not expand to fill that container.

INTERMOLECULAR These are the electrostatic interactions between molecules either in solid, liquid
FORCES and gas. In solid its intermolecular forces move rapidly. While in fluids the
intermolecular forces are weaker which cause them to move randomly within just
the body of fluid.

MENISCUS It is the curved shape in surface of a liquid in a capillary tube such as the concave
and convex.

II. Explanation. Explain the following of how they were introduced in this unit in
your understanding. (3pts each)
Can you now site the importance of surface tension in nature?

Surface tension plays a vital role and influence in nature such as in plants because its
effect is responsible for the shape of water drops and for holding the structures together which
the plants soak up the water. The surface tension tends to support the water among the leaf of
the plants from falling. Plants need water. These liquids of water are stored in the leaf and are
later on absorbed by plants to grow healthy.

Can you explain the role of capillarity in the upward transport of fluids?

By definition, it stated that capillarity is the result of cohesion of water molecules and
adhesion of those molecules to a solid material. In the case of raising the fluids upward, this
role of capillarity can be seen among plants. For instance, the tree absorbs the water from the
soil using its roots. In this situation, the movement of water along a surface of tree caused by
the attraction of molecules of the water to the molecules of the tree. This process is called
capillarity. It draws the water from soil back up to the leaves. So, capillarity plays a major role
to transport liquids upwards for plants to grow.

Were you able to solve numerical problems on surface tension and capillarity?

Yes. But at first I find it very hard. It is not easy studying and understanding these
equations and formulas. This lesson is new to me. It took a day or perhaps more before I could
solved the numerical problems on surface tension and capillarity. It requires differ
understanding, read books and watch helpful tutorial videos to find examples and explanations
so I could able to comprehend its mathematical concepts.

III. Problem Solving. Feel free to look back at the different concepts and equations
in your Learning Plan. (5 pts each)
A wire 10 cm long and 0.8 mm in diameter is pulled out of the water surface with each length parallel to the
surface. What force, in addition to the weight of the wire, is needed? Surface tension of water =0.073N/m

What is the size of a steel sphere that will float on water with precisely half the sphere submerged? Assume
that only the upward cohesive forces support the weight of the sphere. The density of steel is 7.9 x 103
kg/m3
 Two glass plates, each of width 1, are held parallel to one another with a spacing of 0.2 mm. If the plates
are dipped vertically into the water (20°C), to what height above the surface will the water rise between the
plates if the contact angle is 25.5°.