Problem 1 The work of adhesion between two cells is a

measure of the strength of adhesion between...

Problem 1 The work of adhesion between two cells is a measure of the strength of adhesion
between...

Problem 1

The work of adhesion between two cells is a measure of the strength of adhesion betwe
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Problem 1 The work of adhesion between two cells is a measure of the strength of adhesion
between...

Problem 1

The work of adhesion between two cells is a measure of the strength of adhesion between cells.
The maximum work of adhesion correlates with the minimum surface energy (or energy left over
for adhesion). Suppose that there are two cell types, cell type a and cell type b. If we are given
that the work of adhesion between two cells of type a is greater than the work of adhesion
between two cells of type b (Wa = Wb), then we would like to draw the following conclusion
about what would probably happen if we were to mix the two cell types: (Wa + Wb)/2 = Wab =Wb.

To do this, let us first assume that the work of adhesion is proportional to the number of
adhesive sites per unit area of the opposing cell surfaces. Then let the frequency of adhesive
sites per unit area for cell of type a be fa and for b be fb. Thus, the probability of apposition of
adhesive sites in cell pairs is:

· fa X fa for cell pairs of type a-a

· fb X fb for cell pairs of type b-b

· fa X fb for cell pairs o type a-b

Now let the work of adhesion be related to the frequency of adhesive sites by a constant k:

· Wa = kfa2 (for a-a pairs)

· Wb = kfb2 (for b-b pairs)

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· Wab = Kfafb

(a) Given that Wa = Wb, what can be said about the frequency of adhesion of sites on a-type
cells compared with the frequency of adhesion sites on b-type of cells from the preceding
information?

(b) Manipulate the inequality that you have come up in part (a) to create an expression
describing the relationship among fa, fb, fa2 and fb2.

(c) Manipulate the inequality from part (a) to form a relationship between fa, fb and fb2.

(d) Combine the expressions formed in parts (b) and (c) and manipulate to achieve the
expression describing the behavior of the two cell types when mixed, given that Wa = Wb.

(e) In 1994, Steinberg experimentally verified his prediction with P-cadherin (the expression that
you just derived). What is the significance of this expression? How would you expect a mixture
of a-type and b-type cells to arrange themselves in this situation?

Problem 2

The flux F of a molecule present at concentration C through a circular hole of diameter d on a

surface that is adjacent to a fluid that it is diffusing in is given by

F = 4DdC

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and the total that can be transferred in the per-pore capacity times the number of pores formed.

Calculate the flux allowed through each pore if the diffusion coefficient D is 10-6 cm2/s, the
concentration is 0.1mM and the pore diameter is 1.5nm. With per-pore flux estimated earlier,
derive the time constant for transfer of a metabolite from a particular cell to a neighboring cell.
Assume that you are dealing with two epithelial cells whose geometry can be approximated as
adjacent boxes connected together, with the transfer occurring through n pores.

F=4DdC

C=concentration=0.1 mM

D=diffusion coefficient=10-6 cm2/s

Problem 3

Use the continuum approach to show that, at steady state, the number of cells produced during
a differentiation process that involves replication, but no apoptosis (a = 0) is

Xout/Xin = em/d

and is thus primarily a function of the ratiom/d. The completely undifferentiated state is a = 0
and completely differentiated state is a = 1.

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 (a) What is Xout ifm andd are the same orders of magnitude and ifd is 10 times slower?

(b) Which scenario is a more reasonable possibility in a physiological situation?

As here the rates are comparable, only two mature progeny will be produced. Note that
differentiation rate is ten times slower than the replication rate( 20 h doubling time, and 200 h=8
days differentiation time) then about one million cells will be produced. Thus, overall dynamic
state tissue is strongly dependent on the relative rates of the cellular fate processes.

Problem 1 The work of adhesion between two cells is a measure of the strength of adhesion
between...
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