Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter Three P
Chapter Three P
Chapter Three P
OF THE MISSION
This part is made up of two chapters. Chapter three presents the Practical
phase and is divided into two sections which present conceptual framework,
practical approach and the means and results of our internship. While chapter
four presents the Criticisms we came up with and Recommendations
proposed.
CHAPTER THREE: PRACTICAL PHASE
This chapter is sub divided into two sections. Section one, which focuses
on the theoretical framework, context and objectives and section two on the
means and results.
SECTION ONE: CONTEXT AND CONCEPTUAL
APPROACH
In this section we will look closely at the context of our work, treasury
management as a whole is define as seen below by different authors, its roles,
importance to our work and the practical approach.
3.1.1: CONTEXT
We focused our work on this topic in order to see how treasury
management can be ameliorated so as to improve the profitability of the
institution and bring about an optimal generation of revenue and an efficient
utilisation of revenue rose.
Well from the name, you may have guessed the broad theme of what
treasury management is all about, that is the management of a company’s
money. But that’s not quite simple as we could imagine since there are two
main points in treasury management. One is making sure that the cash flow is
well maintained and that the company is not sinking financially. The other is the
creation of policies that ensure the company’s risk strategy is one that is
sustainable and suitable for its needs.
Here, the treasury management function monitors the timing and amounts
of cash inflows and cash outflows. These inflows include account receivable
conversion to cash, short term and medium term borrowing, asset sales and
account payables conversion to actual bill payments. Also, it includes
monitoring and tracking of those activities that require the largest use of cash.
Float
Information sharing
In IME, fees have three means of payment: by cash, bank and mobile
money. When school fees is been paid by a student, the information is been
recorded and enter in the software called “GESTIME” (Gestion Scolarite IME).
This software enables computerised receipt for students. The spread sheet filled
for daily transactions depends on the entry and exists of the day; it contains
student’s levels, specialty, his/her name and the motives. The amount paid is
been recorded including the date and level.
We first record the service sold which was rendered on credit in the fees
journal;
Journal Entry
Date
Student’s admission
Journal Entry
Date
Payment of fees
Figure 2: cash journal
If the payment was by bank (the bank account number depending on the
bank in question);
Journal Entry
Date
Date
Student’s fees by OM
PRACTICAL CASE
On Monday 10th September, the total number of fees paid was 1 150 000 FCFA.
Where 700 000 FCFA was by cash, 150 000 FCFA by OM and 300 000 by
bank.
Journal Entries
Service sold
10/09
Payment of fee
d˚
Settlement of fee
Means of payment
- By cash
10/09
- By bank
10/09
10/09
Generally in IME, there are three types of payment orders which include
normal payment orders for general transactions in the institution, cash receipt
for marketing operations for all transactions related to marketing and the
director’s cash receipt that involves his transactions. Since our internship was
been carried out in Akwa campus we will talk about its payment order which is
just one and it is for all general transactions in the institution.
Normal payment orders are those daily transactions done for the running
of activities which do not concern marketing or an expense by the director some
examples are the buying of fuel for the generator, cleaning agents, transport
fares, and equally the payment of bills, payment of teacher’s vacation and
advances, loans to employees and maintenance of the school bus.
These transactions differ in their recording; some are ordinary transactions
and others sundry expenses or miscellaneous expenses. Thus, ordinary
transactions pass directly through the cash journal while the sundry expenses
pass through a general journal given they are those transactions that do not
occur frequently and are grouped since they cannot be classified separately such
payment of salaries, advances and vacations, payment of extra hours by
workers, payment of academic supervisory, tontines, CNPS retained, taxes and
premiums. Then taken to the cash journal for payment
Journal Entries
Ordinary transactions
Date
Expenses for----
Sundry expenses
Date
Expenses for----
Date
Expenses for----
Figure 11: cash journal
Source: IME
Journal Entry
Date
Expenses for----
Source: IME
The directors cash receipt with concerns all the major transactions carried
out by the director, some of them could be; orders for payment without
motive, purchase of a fuel order and his tontines.
Journal Entry
Date
Source: IME
3.1.2.3: Purchase Orders
These are purchases made by the institutes to its suppliers they could be on
credit or by cash. They could be purchases of printing ink, projectors for
teachers displaced, ream of papers and bills. They are first recorded in the
purchase journal then to the cash journal.
Journal Entry
Date
60 Purchase Amount
Source: IME
Journal Entry
Date
Source: IME
PRACTICAL CASE
On the 20th September 2018, the following payment orders were incurred;
Journal Entries
20/09
On a public holiday
d˚
Of ALAIN
20/09
d˚
d˚
d˚
The primary data was collected through observation and interaction with the
staff of IME during our period of internship.
While the secondary data was collected both from internal and external sources.
The internal source of data includes the documents put at our disposal in
IME.
The external sources include text books, the OHADA accounting plan
and past reports.
The accounting system used, must meet the reliability and security requirements
that are necessary for assuring the integrity of data and records. The accounting
system must timely and complete recording of basic information on day to day
basis, processing of recorded data at the appropriate and delivery of mandatory
reports to users within specified legal time limits. The OHADA accounting plan
is one of the tools used when recording transactions in journals and ledgers.
Office Document:
Office stationeries:
School archives:
Internet:
We were given access to the WIFI freely for our researches. And we had
the opportunity to see the installation of the optical fibber which could give
access to internet connection with no limit at any time without it getting
finished.
From the tools put at our disposal, it enabled us to come out with this
work which we hope goes a long way to enable IME improve on their Treasury
management so as to maintain the image of the institution.
It enabled us to have a wide knowledge on what treasury management is
all about and we equally gained professional skills.
We did not only meet up our academic obligations of internship for which
this work is written, but we equally gained much experience in the professional
field.
Equally, it was a question for us to see if there was a match between what
was thought in school and in the field. Thus, we were able to find out that
actually there was not really a big difference between the two apart from some
differences and that there was quite a lot of repetition which made work easier
to understand.