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Building and Design Codes
Building and Design Codes
ID: 17010100
Contents
1. Introduction 1
2. Design Codes 2
3. Building Codes 4
3.3. Standard Minimum Design Loads for Building and Other Structure 6
6. Conclusion 12
Building and Design Code
1. Introduction
Building construction is existing through out a long period of time since the
stone age period and keep developing until now. Learning from the history of the
the challenging which happen due to trial-and-error of the ancient builder. While the
disasters also take part in harming the construction include earthquake, flood, fire and
also internal behavior of the structural which could cause the building to collapse. In
order to enhance the safety and improving the construction quality and cost, the
engineers start to make observation and modeling in order to adjust and regulate the
designing, the material and the building method. And the adjustment of the designing,
material and the building method have been noted down as the reference which
A code is a set of technical specification and standards that control major detail
of analysis, design, and constriction of the building, equipment and bridge. (Kenneth
M.Lee et al., 2011, p. 27.). Currently the codes classify into two categories which are
building code and design code (structural code). The code is design for the following
purpose:
• Safety in use
• Economical structure
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Building and Design Code
2. Design Codes
Design codes specify design loads, allowable stress for various type of member,
design assumption and requirement for material. Design code is written by engineer and
other specialist who are concerned with the design of a particular type of structure or
who interested in the proper use of a specific material. The design codes are divided into
two categories which are Material Code and Structural Code. (Kenneth M.Lee et al.,
2011, p. 27).
concrete, aluminum, masonry and etc. The following codes are the example of material
• Building Code Requirement for Reinforce Concrete (ACI 318) by the American
Concrete Institute (ACI) Cover the analysis and design of concrete structures.
• National Design Specification for Wood Construction by the American Forest &
• 2010 ANSI Standard and Specifications by Steel Joint Institute (SJI) cove the
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Building and Design Code
• Building Code Requirement for Masonry Structure (ACI 530/ ASCE 5/ TMS
402) and Specification for Masonry (ACI 530.1/ ASCE 6/ TMS 402) by
(ASCE) and The Masonry Society (TMS) cover the design and analysis of
masonry.
Testing and Material (ASTM) cover the design and analysis of materials
building, nuclear power plants, railway and etc. The following codes are the example of
State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) cover the design and
• Standard Minimum Design load for Building and Other Structure by American
Engineer (ASME) cover the design and analysis of boiler and pressure vessel for
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Building and Design Code
3. Building Codes
region (stated or city). The building is required to every scope of project including
school, house, commercial building and other type of structures. The objective of the
building code is to protect the public’s health, welfare and safety by accounting for the
Nowadays, there are several of building codes and most of them adopt the
provision of the Standard Minimum Design Loads for Building and Other Structures
which is published by the American Society of Civil Engineer (ASCE) or the recent
International Building Code by the International Code Council (ICC) (Kenneth M.Lee
According to the Mother Earth News, the building code is not recently born, but
it existed since 1758 B.C. The earliest written building code, was enacted by King
Hammurabi in Babilon, which was written on stone. Even though, the code did not
provide the process or the method of building guidance, it stated ‘If a builder has built a
house for a man and his work is not strong, and if the house he has built falls in and kills
Building Code began to addressing the risks of a building that posted to adjacent
building to the public after the great fire take place in London in 1666 and Chicago in
1871. As the taller building is present, there are also the challenging in providing light
and ventilation, fire escapes, water supply, toilets and sanitary drains, and stairs and
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Building and Design Code
In order to minimize the risk to property and building occupant, in 1905, the
National Board of Fire Underwriters (the US insurance group) created The National
Building Code. Due to the existence of this code, it led to form an organization of
building official.
Model codes are a set of rules that suggested practices or recommendations for
others to follow pertaining to the construction and occupancy of buildings and structures
and written by a standard private organization. Model code is not a law, but it will
Model codes provide guidance on how to design, build and operate buildings to
achieve the goal. They also provide an insurance industry grappling with the effects of
climate change and extreme weather with a baseline for estimating and managing risk
which helps to control or lower the cost of insurance premiums. However model codes
are effective only if they are enacted into law and enforced by state and local
Adopted code refers to the code that developed by jurisdiction either based on a
combination of model codes or by other means permitted in local law and must be
adhered to. Once the code is an adopted code, it is established with consequence for
non-compliance. Those who fail to meet code requirements, whether they are builder,
designer or owner, they will face the consequence such as make necessary repairs, cease
construction activity, have their building permit revoked, face fines or even required to
demolish all or some portion of the work. Due to this reason, for the region that has
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Building and Design Code
their own regional code must check up with the new regulation of building code before
Structures
Standard Minimum Design Load for Building and Other Structure was written
by American Society of Civil Engineer (ASCE). This standard provides minimum load
requirements for the design of buildings and other structures that are subject to building
• Dead Loads.
• Live Loads.
• Wind Loads.
• Snow Loads.
• Rain Loads.
• Earthquake Loads.
• Ice Load.
ASCE code have different design procedure base on the various load. Somehow
the following information is required to known for ASCE code design procedure:
2. Type of loads.
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Building and Design Code
(ICC) and was establish in 2000. It is an essential tool to protect public health and safety
that provides safeguards from hazards associated with the built environment. It
addresses design and installation of innovative materials that meet or exceed public
health and safety goals. (International Code Council. 2019.). The following procedure is
a sample for analyzing the used of code which is recommended as being helpful in
a. Occupancy Classification.
b. Sprinkler System.
c. Type of Construction.
f. Location on Property.
g. Mean of Egress.
3. Review the building for conformity with the type of construction requirements
4. Review the effect on the building based on its location on the building site.
7. Review the building for conformity with structural engineer regulation and
p.14&15)
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Building and Design Code
Vietnam uses their own regional code which is developed by the Ministry of
Construction and have been enforce by the Provincial’s People Committees. Somehow,
there are four level of reference standard in Vietnam which can be followed include:
Construction.
These standards can replace with any Vietnam standards or be used where there
Thailand does not use the code system from the United States, Canada and
Australia. The majority of Thailand code developed in Thailand by its own industry and
academic expert. Most of the reference standard are those from Thailand Industrial
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Building and Design Code
Standard Institute (TIST). However, there are some relevant standard also adopted from
ASTM International, Uniform Building Code, American Concrete Institute and others
various standard institution around the world. The code is not mandatory until they are
• Fire Safety Regulation for High-rise Building and Special Large Building
Bureau of Department of Public Works and Town and City Planning, under the
Ministry Interior)
In the province, the buildings are required to adopt the regulation (from TISI or
The Building Control Bureau) and may introduce additional rule. The mandatory codes
• Any building larger than 1000 square meter or with more than 500 occupants
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Building and Design Code
From the past decade years, Cambodia have not owned any regional codes yet.
The absence of the regional codes and the use of different codes in Cambodia are due to
• Code in Cambodia are use differently base on the engineers. For those who
graduate from abroad, they used the codes base on those countries. While the
engineer graduate in Cambodia, they used designed code that they learned from
their professors who also teach different codes base on their knowledge and
experience.
• For the construction that are done by foreign investments, they use their own
engineer from their own countries to work with local engineer and applied their
own standard.
• The Ministry of Construction have not made the regulation and adopted the
The standards that have been using in Cambodia are international standard
include ACI, AISC, LRFD, AASHTO, European Codes (Eurocode), French Codes,
Russian Codes, JSCE standards and Australian Standard. (Seng V, Mony M, 2008,
p.2&3)
countries except the raw materials. In each design codes, it requires the particular
material that meet the requirement in codes. Therefore, it is challenge to find the
materials which is suitable to the design codes. Moreover, it is also difficult to check the
quality of the material to satisfy the design codes used due to the lack of equipment for
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Building and Design Code
The different design codes used in Cambodia are not suitable for local condition
such as climate, materials, skilled labor, equipment and construction method. It is high
risk to use these design condition without studying and doing research.
regional code which is suitable to carry by Cambodia engineer and technical. It is really
development.
The best opportunity for Cambodia to have the national code is to follow the
harmonization of the code in Asian region so Cambodia would be able to benefit from
those code and create our own regional document. (Seng V, Mony M, 2008, p.3)
Prevention Enterprises of Cambodia (AFPE) and the National Quality Inspection Centre
for Fire Safety Systems (NICS). The seminar has introduced the first Cambodia
building code which is Fire Safety System-Building Design Code. This new code has
been developed by the General Commissariat of the National Police and the National
technical specifications for fire prevention and aims to protect occupants and properties
by imposing standards to prevent and reduce risks of fire breaking out in buildings and
similar structures. However, it is not applicable to the fire protection design for
buildings and similar structures which are industrial buildings (storage) for gunpowder,
6. Conclusion
In conclusion, building and design code is really crucial for engineer especially
who are specialist in the design and construction. The codes are very important which
engineer muss not disobey in order to construct, operate and maintenance the whole
structure of any type of construction so that the public do not get affected by any
accidents due to collapse of building or any structures. In order to use the appropriate
code, the code itself has to be created, adopted or regulated base on the specific region
so that it will be suitable in the area and will be benefit the code user in term of
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Building and Design Code
Reference
6th ed.
2006. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. Reston, VA.
6. Roos, R. (2019, June 26). Building Codes and Standards - 101 Guide. Retrieved
from https://www.rockwool.com/blog/building-codes-and-standards/.
7. Piccirilli, D. (2013, September 30). The Value and Impact of Building Codes.
building-codes#3.
8. Interntional Code Council. (2019, February 19). The International Building Code.
codes/ibc/.
9. DFDL. (2019, September 17). Cambodia Legal Update: New National Fire Safety
Systems Code Launched in Cambodia: DFDL Legal, Tax & Investment Expertise.
legal-update-new-national-fire-safety-systems-code-launched-in-cambodia/
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