D: the movements, groups, and associations that rizal have participated, including the purpose and

impacts

Between 1872 and 1892, a national consciousness was growing among the Filipino émigrés who had
settled in Europe. In the freer atmosphere of Europe, these émigrés--liberals exiled in 1872 and students
attending European universities--formed the Propaganda Movement.

Goal of the propaganda movement

Organized for literary and cultural purposes more than for political ends, the Propagandists, who
included upper-class Filipinos from all the lowland Christian areas, strove to "awaken the sleeping
intellect of the Spaniard to the needs of our country" and to create a closer, more equal association of
the islands and the motherland. Among their specific goals were representation of the Philippines in the
Cortes, or Spanish parliament; secularization of the clergy; legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality;
creation of a public school system independent of the friars; abolition of the polo (labor service) and
vandala (forced sale of local products to the government); guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and
association; and equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter government service.

Rizal and the propaganda movement

The most outstanding Propagandist was José Rizal, a physician, scholar, scientist, and writer. Born in
1861 into a prosperous Chinese mestizo family in Laguna Province, he displayed great intelligence at an
early age. After several years of medical study at the University of Santo Tomás, he went to Spain in
1882 to finish his studies at the University of Madrid. During the decade that followed, Rizal's career
spanned two worlds: Among small communities of Filipino students in Madrid and other European
cities, he became a leader and eloquent spokesman, and in the wider world of European science and
scholarship--particularly in Germany--he formed close relationships with prominent natural and social
scientists.

His greatest impact on the development of a Filipino national consciousness, however, was his
publication of two novels--Noli Me Tangere (Touch me not) in 1886 and El Filibusterismo (The reign of
greed) in 1891.

Masonry

-In 1883 Rizal joined the freemasonry in Madrid with the symbolic name of DIMASALANG.

Masonic principles such as individual liberty , freedom of speech,equality,religious tolerance ,

separartion of church and state and others were made part of the law.

Rizal was a freemason who condemned the corrupt ways of the church and upheld individual and
national liberty.
Berlin ethnological society and Berlin anthropological society

Rizal lived in Berlin for almost six months to study ophthalmology (Nov. 1, 1886 to May 11, 1887) . They
were “months of intense study, of rich experiences and frugal ways, of idealistic dreams and actual
encounters with people of diverse cultures. After that he returned to the Philippines.

Circulo Hispano-Filipino

It was established in 1882 by a group of Filipino student in Madrid led by Juan Atarde.

Accordingly, only few sons of the wealthy Filipino families who went to Spain in the second half of the
19th century were in the propaganda movement as some of them were there to study in the hope they
would someday become successful professionals and businessmen.

Goals of circulo Hispano-Filipino

Among other things, it campaigned for Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes and the passage
of the Maura Law to bring about educational reforms in the archipelago.

The association was formed as reformists realized that putting up an organization would mean pooling
of their resources and efforts in the campaign to have their voices heard by Spanish (pensular)
government.

The organization was able to publish anewspaper the Revista del circulo Hispano-Filipino aimed at
expressing thoughts about the abusive Spanish government.

Organizations established by RIZAL

Kidlat Club

Kidlat Club was purely a society of a temporary nature. It was founded by Rizal simply to bring together
the young Filipinos in the French capital so that they could enjoy their sojourn in the city during the
duration of the Universal Exposition.

Goals : In their sightseeing tour of the exposition grounds, Rizal and the members of the Kidlat Club
were amazed to see the Buffalo Bull show which featured the American Indians. - Thus was born a new
society of Filipino patriots in Paris--- the Indios Bravos(Brave Indians) it replaced the ephemeral Kidlat
Club. The members pledged to excel in intellectual and physical prowess in order to win the admiration
of the foreigners, particularly the Spaniards.
Indios Bravos

It is an association that consists of Filipino writers in European countries. The purpose of this group is to
write poems, stories and newspaper articles showing the current condition of the Philippines in the
hands of the Spaniards and friars.

Goals: They wanted people to be aware of the cruel and terrible treatment of those Spaniards towards
their fellow Filipinos. Also, its other goal is for every Filipino to have an education and the likes of Rizal
to grant reforms from Spain.

Redencion de los Malayos

It was patterned after the Freemasonry

• Only a few Rizal’s trusted friends became the member of the R.D.L.M. – Gregorio Aguilera – Jose Ma.
Basa – Julio Llorente – Marcelo H. del Pilar – Mariano Ponce – Baldemero Roxas – Father Jose Maria
Chango (Filipino Priest)

Goals: The aim of the secret society, as stated by Rizal was “the propagation of all useful knowledge
scientific, artistic, literary, etc in the Philippines.” Rizal’s colonization project in Borneo was “not merely
to have a place where Filipinos could live and work with more liberty as well as free themselves for the
oppressive conditions in the Philippines but for something else more important.
References:

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1746-1049.1968.tb01123.x

https://prezi.com/0ghw47jc6cc2/rizals-organizations-in-europe/

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Rizal