Chapter 4 and 5: Introduction to Organic

Chemistry and Alkanes/Alkenes

 1.6. Introduction to Organic  Fractional distillation from crude
Chemistry oil [a physical process]
 Definitions  Cracking [a chemical
 Uses of different formula in process]
organic chemistry  Catalytic reforming
 Some of the important  Combustion of alkane
homologous series of organic  Problems with burning
compounds hydrocarbon fuel
 Hydrocarbons  Carbon di oxide
 Systematic Nomenclature  Carbon monoxide
 IUPAC System for alkanes  Nitrogen oxides
 Naming alkenes  Unburnt hydrocarbon
 Naming Halogenoalkanes  Catalytic converters
 Naming alcohols  Developing alternate fuels
 Isomerism  Carbon neutral
 Structural isomerism  Comparing fuels
 Stereoisomerism  Substitution reaction of alkanes
1  E-Z isomerism Chapter 4: Introduction toOrganic
Initiation
Chemistry and Alkanes
 1.7. Types of Reaction  Propagation
 Reaction Mechanisms  Termination
 Breaking covalent bonds  Further substitution of
 Homolytic fission chloromethane
 Heterolytic fission  1.9. Alkenes
 Types of chemical species  The nature of the C=C bond
 Type of organic reactions in alkenes
 Classifying reactions  Addition reactions of alkenes
 Addition  Reaction with hydrogen
 Substitution  Reaction with halogen
 Elimination  Reaction with steam
 Oxidation  Reaction with Hydrogen
 Reduction halides
 Hydrolysis  The mechanisms of addition
 Polymerization reaction
 Safety in organic chemistry –  The test for a double bond (C=C)
hazard and risk  Common additional polymers
 Hazard warning symbols  Polymerization reactions
 1.8. Hydrocarbons  Problems with polymers and
 Alkanes from crude oil solutions

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