Human Body System

Lecture 2

Course: Health & Society

Course ID:HEA101

Course Instructor: Dr.Shabareen Tisha

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The Human Body:

The human body is made up of several organ

systems that work together as one unit.

The ten major organ systems of the body are

listed below, along with several organs that are
associated with each system.
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The Human Body:

1.Digestive System:
Related organs are mouth, tongue, stomach,
intestines, rectum, liver & pancreas.
2.Cardiovascular System:
Related organs are heart, blood and blood vessels.
3.Endocrine System:
Related organs are pituitary gland, ovaries, testes
and thyroid gland.
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The Human Body:

4.Nervous System:
Related organs are brain, spinal cord and nerves
5.Reproductive System:
Related organs are:
Male: testes, scrotum, penis, vas deferens,
prostate.
Female: ovaries, uterus, vagina, mammary glands.
6.Respiratory System: Related organs are nose,
lungs, trachea & bronchi.
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The Human Body:

7.Urinary/Excretory System:
Related organs are kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra &
ureters.

8.Lymphatic System:
Related organs are lymph nodes and vessels, thymus &
spleen.

9.Integumentary System: Related organs are nails, hair,

skin & sweat glands.

10.Musculo – skeletal System:

Related organs are muscle, bones and Joints
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The Human Digestive System
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The Digestive System:

• At its simplest, the digestive system it is a tube

running from mouth to anus.

• Its chief goal is to break down huge macromolecules

(proteins, fats and starch), which cannot be
absorbed intact, into smaller molecules (amino
acids, fatty acids and glucose) that can be absorbed
across the wall of the tube, and into the circulatory
system for dissemination around your body.
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The Digestive System:

• To accomplish this breakdown, the digestive

tube requires considerable assistance from
accessory digestive organs such as the salivary
glands, liver and pancreas, which dump their
secretions into the tube in order to carry out
the necessary functions.
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Cardiovascular System
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Cardiovascular System:

• The heart and the circulatory system together

form the cardiovascular system .

• The heart is responsible to pump oxygenated

blood throughout the body.
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Cardiovascular System:

• After delivery of oxygen, blood from the whole

body returns to the heart and goes to the lungs
and thus accumulated waste from used oxygen
(CO2)is breathed out.
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Endocrine System
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Endocrine System:

• The foundations of the endocrine system are the

hormones and glands.

• The endocrine system regulates mood, growth

and development, tissue function, and
metabolism, as well as sexual function and
reproductive processes.
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Endocrine System:

• Although many different hormones circulate

throughout the bloodstream, each one affects
only the cells that are genetically programmed
to receive and respond to its message.

• Hormone levels can be influenced by factors

such as stress, infection, and changes in the
balance of fluid and minerals in blood.
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The Nervous System:

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Nervous System:

• The nervous system is our body's decision and

communication center.

• The central nervous system (CNS) is made of the

brain and the spinal cord and the peripheral
nervous system (PNS) is made of nerves. Together
they control every part of your daily life, from
breathing and blinking to helping you memorize
facts for a test.
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Nervous System:

• The brain then makes sense of that message and

fires off a response.

• Nerves from our brain reach our face, ears,

eyes, nose, and to every part of our body.
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The Nervous System:

• The brain performs a diverse range of functions:

Assists in smell, vision, hearing & taste.

Perform memory functions.
Learn new information .
Form thoughts and make decisions.
Speech, ability to concentrate.
Thought elaboration, personality traits.
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Reproductive System:

• The reproductive system or genital system is a

system of organs which work together for the
purpose of reproduction.

• Many substances such as fluids and hormones

are important accessories to the reproductive
system.
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Respiratory System
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Respiratory System:

▪ The respiratory system is made up of the organs

that help us to breathe.

▪ The goal of breathing is to deliver oxygen to the

body and to take away carbon dioxide.
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Respiratory System:

• The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory

system.

• In the lungs oxygen is taken into the body and

carbon dioxide is breathed out.

• The red blood cells are responsible for picking up

the oxygen in the lungs and carrying the oxygen to
all the body cells that need it.
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Respiratory System:

• The red blood cells drop off the oxygen to the

body cells, then pick up the carbon dioxide .

• The red blood cells transport the carbon dioxide

back to the lungs and we breathe it out when
we exhale.
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Urinary System
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Urinary System:

• The urinary system is the organ system that

produces, stores, and eliminates urine.

• In humans it includes two kidneys, two ureters,

the urinary bladder, the urethra, and two
sphincter muscles
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Urinary System:

• The kidneys perform a number of tasks, such as:

1. concentrating urine,
2. regulating electrolytes, and
3. maintaining acid-base homeostasis.
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Lymphatic System
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Lymphatic System:

•The lymphatic system consists of bone marrow,

lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen, and thymus.

•All these organs produce different kinds of

immune cells called lymphocytes, which protect
the body against antigens (viruses, bacteria, etc.)
that invade the body.
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Integumentary System
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Integumentary System:

• The integumentary system consists of the skin,

hair, nails, the subcutaneous tissue below the
skin, and assorted glands.
• The most obvious function of the integumentary
system is the protection that the skin gives to
underlying tissues.
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Integumentary System:
• The different functions of this system are:
• Protect the body’s internal living tissues and organs.
• Protect against invasion by infectious organisms
• Protect the body from dehydration.
• Protect the body against abrupt changes in
temperature.
• Help excrete waste materials through perspiration .
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Integumentary System:

• Act as a receptor for touch, pressure, pain, heat,

and cold.

• Generate vitamin D through exposure to ultraviolet

light.

• Store water, fat, glucose, and vitamin D.

• Participate in temperature regulation.

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Musculo–skeletal System
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Musculo–skeletal System:

• A musculoskeletal system (also known as the

locomotor system) is an organ system that
gives us the ability to move using the muscular
and skeletal systems.
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Musculo–skeletal System:

• The musculoskeletal system's primary functions

include supporting the body, allowing motion,
and protecting vital organs.

• The skeletal portion of the system serves as the

main storage system for calcium and phosphorus
and contains critical components of the
hematopoietic system.
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THANKS