UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS

October / November 2020

MOM2601

Mechanics of Machines II
108 Marks

Duration 3 Hours

EXAMINERS:
FIRST: Z FENI
SECOND: TJ RALINALA

This paper consists of 4 pages plus 7 formulae sheets.

Instructions:

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Closed Book Examination
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You will find your examination on the Myexam Platform.
Answer all questions
In the event of uncertainties and/or ambiguities clearly state any assumptions that are made and
the underlying rationale for that
Show all appropriate calculations with intermediate steps and include diagrams where appropriate
Write clearly using black ink
Space your work out adequately
Read the questions carefully
Pay careful attention to the allocated marks

1. Answer all questions

 1

Question 1
Figure Q1 shows a lamina with a circular hole of 200 mm in diameter. The mass density
of the lamina is 1 kg/m2.
Calculate:
1.1. the moment of inertia of the lamina about the XX axis. [16]

1.2. the radius of gyration about the XX axis. [3]

600 mm

400 mm
200 mm

X X
200 mm
400 mm

FIGURE Q1
[19]

Question 2
A simple pendulum with an amplitude of 120 mm completes 30 oscillations per minute.
Calculate the:
2.1. maximum velocity and acceleration of the mass. [4]

2.2. velocity and acceleration of the mass when it is 90 mm from the midpoint of
oscillation. [5]

2.3. minimum and maximum forces in the rope if the mass is 1 kg. [9]
[18]

.
 2

Question 3
A rider and his bike have a mass of 120 kg and a center of gravity of 68 cm above
ground and 62 cm in front of the rear wheel. The front and rear wheel axles are 132
cm apart. The coefficient of friction between the wheels and road is 0.4. The bike is
moving at 60 km/h on a horizontal road.

3.1. Calculate the vertical reaction of the road on the wheels just before braking. [7]

3.2. Calculate the vertical reaction of the road on the wheels just after braking both
front and rear wheels simultaneously. [10]

3.3. Calculate the time the bike will take to stop after braking on both wheels [3]
[20]

Question 4
A multi-plate clutch has 16 plates, each with one contact plane and each with internal
and external diameters of 150 mm and 200 mm, respectively. The axial force on the
clutch is 1.8 kN, the coefficient of friction is 0.082, the drive shaft rotates at 920 rev/min
and the total frictionless losses in the bearings are 18 Nm.
Calculate:
4.1. the constant pressure on each plate and the maximum power the clutch can
transfer. [12]

4.2. the maximum power the clutch can transfer by assuming constant wear in the
clutch. [7]
[19]

Question 5
A locomotive with a mass of 3E5 kg is accelerating at 0.4 m/s2 up an incline of 1 in 20.
The rolling resistance of the locomotive is 20 kN. At the instant when the speed of the
locomotive is 63 km/h, calculate:
5.1. the power required. [10]

5.2. the kinetic energy of the locomotive. [8]

[18]
 3

Question 6
A pump is driven by means of a V-belt with a groove angle of 60°. The angle of lap on
the pulley is 120°. The pulley has a diameter of 200 mm and the friction between the
belt and the pulley is 0.2. The belt transmits 7000 W at a speed of 1400 rev/min.
Calculate:
6.1. the tension in each side of the belt [9]

6.2. the initial tension in the belt [2]

6.3. the maximum power that can be transmitted [3]

[14]

TOTAL MARKS [108]

 i

LIST OF FORMULAE

MOMENTS OF INERTIA

I = mk2 Type of body

Mass moment of inertia about:
axis a - a axis b - b
Iaa = mr2 1 Thin hoop
Ibb = 2mr2

1 1 Solid disc
Iaa = 2mr2 Ibb = 4mr2

A = 𝜋r2

1 1 Hollow disc
Iaa = 2m(R2 + r2) Ibb = 4m(R2 + r2)

A = 𝜋(R2 – r2)

1 1 Rectangular plate
Iaa = 3mℓ2 Ibb = 12mℓ2
 ii

1 1 Thin rod
Iaa = 3mℓ2 Ibb = 12mℓ2

1 1 Rectangular triangle
Iaa = 18md2 Ibb = 18mh2

1
A = 2hd

1 𝑚
Iaa = 2mr2 Ibb = (3r2 + h2) Solid cylinder
12

V = 𝜋r2h

1 𝑚
Iaa = 2m(R2 + r2) Ibb = 12(3R2 +3r2 +h2) Hollow cylinder

V = 𝜋(R2 – r2)h

3 3 Cone
Iaa = 10mr2 Ibb = 80m(4r2 +h2)

𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
V= 3

2 2 Sphere
Iaa = 5mr2 Ibb = 5mr2

4
V = 3 𝜋r3

1
= 12mℓ2
 iii

1 𝑚
Iaa = 3mℓ2 Ibb = 12(d2 + c2) Bar

V = cdℓ

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 𝜃

tp = 2𝜋√𝛼
Linear Motion

x = acos𝜑
1 1 𝛼
n = 𝑡 = 2𝜋 √𝜃
𝑝
v = a𝜔sin𝜑 = 𝜔√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2
Simple and compound pendulum

vmax = a𝜔 𝐿
tp = 2𝜋√𝑔

f = a𝜔2cos𝜑 = 𝜔2x
2 +ℎ 2
𝑘𝐺
tp = 2𝜋√ 𝑔ℎ
fmax = 𝜔2a

DYNAMICS
2𝜋 𝑥
tp = = 2𝜋√𝑓
𝜔 Vehicle Dynamics
2𝜋𝑁𝑇
P= 60
1 𝜔 1 𝑓
=𝑡 = = 2𝜋 √𝑥
𝑝 2𝜋
𝑇×𝑛×𝜂
Te = 𝑅
Angular Motion

Ω = 𝜔√∅2 − 𝜃 2 IE (at wheels) = Iw + n2Ie

Ωmax = 𝜔ø ME = mw(𝑟 2 )
𝑘2
𝑤

𝛼 = 𝜔2 𝜃 𝑏
m1 = 𝑎+𝑏 𝑚
 iv

𝛼𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜔2 ∅𝜃 𝑎
m2 = 𝑎+𝑏 𝑚

Te = Rr + Rg + Ra

Ra = kAV2

Hoisting and Hauling Machines

1 1
T = (TαA + TμA) = (𝑛 × 𝑇𝐵 × 𝜂)

Rolling Bodies

1 1
Ek = 2Io𝜔 2 + 2mv2

1 𝑘2
Ek = 2mv2(1 + 𝑟 2 )

1 𝑘2
MgSsinθ = 2mv2(1 + 𝑟 2 ) giving v in terms of S

𝑘2
F = m( 𝑟 2 ) × f

1
μ = tanθ|𝑟2 |
+
𝑘2
 v

POWER TRANSMISSION

Plate Clutches

Uniform Pressure

w = p𝜋(𝑟12 − 𝑟22 )

T = 𝜋μp(𝑟13 − 𝑟23 ) × n

2 𝑟 3 −𝑟 3
T = 3μW(𝑟12−𝑟22) × n
1 2

Uniform Wear

W = 2𝜋c(r1 – r2) c = pr

𝑟1 +𝑟2
T = μWR × n R= 2

Cone Clutches

Uniform Pressure Theory

W = p𝜋(𝑟12 − 𝑟22 )

2 𝑟 3 −𝑟 3
T = 3μW(𝑟12−𝑟22) cosecβ
1 2

Uniform Wear Theory

W = 2𝜋c(r1 – r2) c = pr

𝑟1 +𝑟2
T = μWR cosecβ R= 2

Thrust Bearings

Uniform Pressure Theory

W = 𝜋𝑝(𝑟12 − 𝑟22 ) × n

2 𝑟 3 −𝑟 3
T = 3μW(𝑟12−𝑟22)
1 2
 vi

Or

2
T = 3μ𝜋p(𝑟13 − 𝑟23 ) × n

Uniform Wear Theory

W = 2𝜋c(𝑟12 − 𝑟22 ) × n c = p× r

𝑟1 +𝑟2
T = μWR R=( )
2

Pedestal bearing

Plate clutch formulae are applicable to this bearing.

Belt Drives and Band Brakes

Flat Belt

𝑇1 𝑇1 −𝑇𝑐
= 𝑒 𝜇𝜃 or = 𝑒 𝜇𝜃
𝑇2 𝑇2 −𝑇𝑐

1 1
P = (T1 – T2) × v = T1(1 − 𝑒 𝜇𝜃 ) × v or P = (T1 – Tc)(1 − 𝑒 𝜇𝜃 ) × v

V-belt

𝑇1 𝑇1 −𝑇𝑐
= 𝑒 𝜇𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛽 or = 𝑒 𝜇𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛽
𝑇2 𝑇2 −𝑇𝑐

1 1
P = (T1 – T2) × v = T1(1 − 𝑒 𝜇𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛽 ) × v or P = (T1 – Tc)(1 − 𝑒 𝜇𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛽 ) × v

Tc = mv2

TO = T1 + T2
 vii

Band Brakes

𝑇𝑛 1 + 𝜇𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑛
=( )
𝑇𝑂 1 − 𝜇𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

Tb = (T1 - T2) × r

Block Brakes

x = rdsinø

Tb = (R1 + R2) × x