Bending

** A rectangular beam 300 mm deep is simply supported over a span of 4 meters. What uniformly distributed load
per meter the beam may carry, if the bending stress is not to exceed 120 N/mm2? Take I = 8 x 106 mm4.

Solve:
300 mm
𝐰∗𝐥𝟐 w∗40002 6
M= = = 2*10 * w
𝟖 8

𝐡 300
Y= = =150 mm
𝟐 2

𝐌
σ= Y
𝐈

2∗106 w
120 = * 150 ∴ w = 3.2 N/mm
8∗106

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** A timber beam of rectangular section is to support a load of 2 tones uniformly distributed over a span
of 3.6 meters. If the depth of the section is to be twice the breadth, and the stress in timber is not to
exceed 70 kg/cm2, find the dimensions of the cross-section.

2- How would you modify the cross-section of the beam, if it were a concentrated load placed at the
center with the same ratio of breadth to depth?

Solve:

Simple beam w=2 ton uniformly distributed span = 3.6 m

𝟐∗𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒌𝒈
∴ W= = 5.55 kg/cm- ‫الحمل الموزع لكل سم‬
𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐜𝐦

𝒘∗𝒍𝟐 𝟓.𝟓𝟓∗𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟐
M= = = 89910
𝟖 𝟖

Depth = twice the breadth ∴ h=2b

𝒃∗𝒉𝟑 𝒃∗(𝟐𝒃)𝟑
Ix = = = ⅔ b4
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐

𝑴
σ= Y
𝑰

𝟖𝟗𝟗𝟏𝟎
70= *b b=12.44 cm
⅔ 𝒃𝟒

h= 2b = 2*12.44 = 24.88 cm

1
 P= 2t

𝑷∗𝒍
2 - M= M= PL/4
𝟒

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** A wooden beam 2m long is simply supported at its ends and has a cross-section 15 cm wide and 60 cm
deep. It carries a uniformly distributed load of 90 KN/m over the entire span. Calculate the bending
stress at a point 20 cm above the bottom of the beam and 60 cm from the left support.

Solve:
w= 90 KN/m = 0.9 KN/cm
b∗h3 15∗603
Ix = = = 270000 cm4
12 12

y= 60/2 -20 = 10 cm
0.9∗200
RA=RB= = 90 KN
2

M= (90*60) – (0.9*60)*30 = 3780 KN.cm

M 3780
σ= Y = 270000 * 10 = 0.14 KN/cm2
I

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** A beam of size 25 mm x 25 mm is capable of carrying the maximum central load of 2500 N on a simply
supported span of 600 mm. The beam of same material but of size 25 mm x100 mm is used as cantilever
of span 1500 mm. Determine the max. Value of point load W that can be placed at the free end of this
cantilever.

Solve:

1- Simply supported

b∗h3 25∗253
Ix = = = 390625 mm4
12 12

h 25
Y= 2 = =12.5 mm
2

P∗l 2500∗600
M= = = 375000 N.mm
4 4

M 375000
σ= Y = 390625 * 12.5 = 12 N/mm2
I

2
2- Cantilever

M= w*l = 1500w N.mm

b∗h3 25∗1003
Ix = = = 2.08*106 mm4
12 12

h 100
Y= 2 = =50 mm
2

M
σ= Y For same material σ constant
I

1500 w
12 = 2.08∗106 * 50 ∴ w= 333.34 N

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** The cross-section of a beam is shown in Fig. The beam is made of a material with permissible stress
1600 kg/cm2 and carry over a simply supported span 4.5m, calculate the safe U.D.L (uniformly
distributed load) of the cross-section.

Solve:

3
 ‫‪ -1‬تقسيم الشكل المعطى لمساحات صغيره بسيطه وحساب مساحة كل قسم ‪.‬‬

‫‪A1= 4*12= 48 cm2‬‬

‫‪A2=12*4= 48 cm2‬‬
‫‪A3= 4*8= 32 cm2‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ثبت الحد السفلى او العلوى للشكل كله ‪ datum‬واحسب المسافه من سنتر كل جزء الى الحد الى انت اخترته ‪datum‬‬
‫هنثيت الحد السفلى‬
‫‪y1= 18 cm‬‬
‫‪y2= 10 cm‬‬
‫‪y3= 2 cm‬‬
‫‪ -3‬شكل متماثل حول محور ‪y‬‬
‫لمعرفة ‪ c.g‬للشكل بالكامل يجب تحديد مكان محور ‪ x‬وهو يقع على محور ‪ y‬على بعد ‪ Y-‬من اسفل الشكل ‪datum‬‬
‫𝐢𝐲∗ 𝐢𝐀 ∑‬ ‫⋯‪𝐀𝟏 ∗𝐲𝟏 + 𝐀𝟐 ∗𝐲𝟐 + 𝐀𝟑 ∗𝐲𝟑+‬‬
‫= ‪Y-‬‬ ‫𝐢𝐀 ∑‬
‫=‬
‫𝟑𝐀‪𝐀𝟏 +𝐀𝟐 +‬‬

‫)‪(48∗18 )+(48∗10)+( 32∗2‬‬

‫= ‪Y-‬‬ ‫‪=11 cm‬‬
‫‪48+48+32‬‬

‫ملحوظه ‪:‬‬
‫فى حالة قطاع مركب متماثل حول ‪ y‬تصبح ‪ Y-‬فى منتصف القطاع دون التعويض فى القانون السابق‬

‫)*‪Ix =∑ (Ix + A × y*) = (Ix1 + A1 × y1*) + (Ix2 + A2 × y2*) + (Ix3 + A3 × y3‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬حساب ‪ Ix‬للشكل كله‬

‫*‪ = y‬بعد ‪ c.g‬لكل شكل عن ‪ (N.A ) c.g‬للشكل الكلى‬

‫‪4‬‬
y1* = Y- - y1
y2* = Y- - y2
y3* = Y- - y3

12∗43 4∗123 8∗43

Ix = [ ( + (48 × (18-11)2) ] + [ ( + (48 × (11-10)2) ]+ [ ( + (32 × (11-2)2) ] = 5674.67 cm4
12 12 12

𝒘∗𝒍𝟐 𝒘∗𝟒𝟓𝟎𝟐
M= = = 25312.5 *w
𝟖 𝟖

𝐌
σ= Y-
𝐈𝐗

25312.5∗ w
1600 = * 11 ∴ w = 32.6 kg/cm-
5674.67