UNIT: 4

Classification of filters

•Filter press
•Filter leaf
•Membrane filters
•Filter candles
•Sintered filter
Filter press
Plate and frame filtration
Plate and frame filtration
Schematic of plate and filter press: Parts
Filter press
Filter press
Construction of Plate and frame filter
• The plates and frames are square or rectangular in shape and can be
made of cast iron, steel, nickel, monel, wood, hard rubber or plastics.
•Frame is a hollow and provides the space for filter cake.
•Filter cloths are placed over each plate to cover the plate surface on both
sides so that hollow frame is separated from the plate by the filter cloth.
•The plates and frames have circular holes on corners of feed and
discharge.
•Filter cloths are also having holes that match the holes on the plate and
frames.
•The filter cloths themselves act as gaskets.

•When the press is closed by means of hand a continuous channel is

formed along the whole length of the press out of the corner holes in the
plates, cloths and frames.
Plate and frame filter press
Construction of Plate and frame filter
•The frames have openings in the interior from the corner holes so that
slurry channel opens into the corner frame.
•At the bottom of the plates, holes are cored which connect the faces of the
plates to the outlet cock.

•Plate sizes: 100 mm X 100 mm to 1500 X 1750 mm.

•Operating pressure: 700 kPa common
•Max: 7 MPa
Working of plate and frame filter press
Working Of Filter Press
The slurry enters the frame by pressure and flows through the
filter medium.

The filtrate is collected on the plates and sent to the out let.

A number of frames and plates are used so that surface area

increases and consequently a large volume of slurry can be
processed simultaneously with or without washing.
Filter press continued…
Working Of Filter Press
As feed pump continues to supply slurry to be filtered, the pressure
goes on increasing.

So, the filtrate passes through the cloth, runs down the faces of
plates and finally leaves the filter through discharge cocks.

Solids are deposited on filter cloth. Two cakes are formed

simultaneously in each chamber and these join when the frame is
full. The press is then said to be jammed.

Washing liquid may be introduced in the press to remove soluble

impurities from solids and cake is then blown with air t o remove
residual liquid from cake.
Washing step: washing press
Two TYPES of washing: simple washing and through washing.
Simple washing is ineffective when the frame is full.

In through washing: Wash liquor is admitted through separate channel behind the filter cloth on
alternate plates. These plates are called washing plates.

For quick assembling he press, it Is common practice to cast buttons on the sides of plates and
frames.

WASHING STEP: three things: Non-washing plate, washing plate and a frame.
 (one button, three button, two buttons)

During filtration run, the wash channel is closed by a valve on the head of the press. Filtration is
carried out as in non-washing plate and frame.

The press is assembled in such a way so as to give the order of plate and frame in the form of
1-2-3-2-1 etc..
After washing, excess liquid excess liquid from cake is removed by compressed air for easy
discharge of cake.
Plats and frames of washing press
Washing steps: Filter Press