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Hearing Aid Manual
Hearing Aid Manual
*Introduction / Overview……………………….………………………………6-8
1)Analog hearing aids…………………………………………..………….6
2) Programmable hearing aids………………………………..…………...6
3) Digital hearing aids………………………………………....…………6-7
4) Cochlear Implants……………………………………………………….7
5) Assistive technologies……………………………………………………8
*Hearing Aids………………………………………………………………….9-29
1) Types of Hearing Aids……………………………………………….9-13
A) Behind the ear………………………………………………………………….9
B) Open canal / Open fit behind the ear…………………………………………10
C) In the ear……………………………………………………………………...10
D) In the Canal…………………………………………………………………...11
E) Completely in the canal……………………………………………………….11
F) Lyric / Invisible in the canal………………………...…………………….11-12
G) Traditional bone conduction………………………………………………….12
H) Eyeglass……………………………………………………………………....12
I) Body worn……………………………………………………………………..13
2) Surgically Implanted Bone Conduction Hearing Aids…………...14-16
A) Bone Conducted Hearing Aids…………………………………………....14-15
B) Ponto Hearing Implant…………………………………………………….15-16
3) Major Parts of a Hearing Aid……………………………………...17-18
A)Microphone…………………………………………………………………...17
B)Amplifier……………………………………………………………………....17
1
C) Receiver…………………………………………………………………...….17
D) Earhook…………………………………………………………………….....18
E) Battery Compartment………………………………………………………....18
F) User Controls………………………………………………………………….18
4) Maintenance and Care of Hearing Aids…………………………..19-21
A)Earmold………………………………………………………………………..19
B) Hearing Aid…………………………………………………………………...20
C) Battery………………………………………………………………………...20
D) Tubing……………………………………………………………….………..20
5) Listening Check Procedure…………………………………………....22
6) Hearing Aid Survival Kit……………………………………………...23
7) Troubleshooting Malfunctioning Amplification Systems…...…...24-25
8) “Big Six” Hearing Aid Manufacturers…………………………....26-27
9) Hearing Aid Features……………………………………………....28-29
A) Volume Control……………..………………………………………………..28
B)Telecoil………………………………………………………………………..28
C) Multiple Microphone Directionality………………………………………….28
D) Compression………………………………………………………………….28
E) Clipping…………………………………………………………………….....29
F) Direct Audio Input…………………………………………………………….29
G) Booted or Integrated FM……………………………………………………..29
H) Frequency Shifting…………………………………………………………....29
I) Remote Control………………………………………………………………..29
*Speech Banana………………………………………………………………30-31
*Implants……………………………………………………………………...32-39
*Communication……………………………………………………………..45-49
*References…………………………………………………………………...50-54
*Lesson Plans………………………………………………………………...
800-498-8666
● Steps to follow:
○ Call the national hotline, found at poison.org.
○ If available, provide the battery identification number provided
on the package or on a matching battery
○ X-RAY might be critical to be obtained immediately to make sure
the battery has passed through the esophagus
○ Do not induce vomiting, eat, or drink until the x-ray is performed.
○ Watch for a fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, or blood in the
stools.
this manual ↘
National Battery Ingestion Hotline: 800-498-8666
5
*Introduction/ Overview:
4) Cochlear implant
● A cochlear implant is an electronic medical device that
replaces the function of the damaged inner ear. Unlike
hearing aids, which make sounds louder, cochlear implants
do the work of damaged cochlear and inner eat to provide
acoustic signals to the brain.
● Cochlear implants bypass the outer, middle, and inner ear and
directly stimulate the auditory nerve.
● Cochlear implants must be surgically inserted. There is an external
part and an internal part that is inserted during surgery.
● Certain individuals are better cochlear implant candidates than
others.
● Most people wear two cochlear implants because this helps make
identifying the direction that sound is coming from much easier.
● Most of the parts of the hearing aid are found in a small plastic
case that sits behind the ear
● Most common hearing aid worn by children because of durability and
ability to replace earmold when the child grows
● This larger hearing aid has larger amplifiers and receivers which helps
compensate for severe to profound hearing loss
● This style hearing aid is the biggest so it is the least likely to get lost.
It also holds its battery the longest since it is larger.
● Best for mild to profound hearing loss
● Eyeglass hearing aids are bone conduction hearing aids that are
attached to eyeglasses.
● Some believe that it offers a cosmetic solution to hearing aids.
However, often times the frame of the glasses is quite large.
● A disadvantage of the eyeglass hearing aids is that if either the glasses
or hearing aid needs to go in for a repair, the user will lose both the
glasses and the hearing aids. They are a connected system and cannot be separated.
● This type of hearing aid is not very popular anymore and must be custom made which
can be very expensive.
● User wears a small box, containing all of the electrical components, a microphone that is
clipped to clothing, and a pair of earphones. The earphones deliver
the amplified sound that was picked up by the body worn
microphone directly to the ear.
● Body worn hearing aids are not very popular anymore despite their
strong amplification abilities.
● Body worn hearing aids have large controls that are easy to manipulate.
● Some disadvantages include the size of the hearing aid, body baffle, and
inability for true binaural hearing.
● Best for individuals with severe to profound hearing loss
● Parts of a BAHA
○ A titanium implant is placed on the skull bone behind the non-functioning ear.
○ An abutment connects a sound processor with the implant in the bone, which
creates direct bone conduction.
○ Following the minor surgery at about two months, and six for children, the
implant will have osseo integrated with the bone. This allows the sound processor
to be directly attached to the abutment.
● Candidacy
○ Recommended for patients above 5 years of age.
○ Individuals presenting with conductive hearing loss in one or both ears, mixed
conductive- sensorineural hearing loss, and also having bone thresholds better
than 45 dB.
○ Someone who has a congenital ear canal absence (congenital atresia), or single
sided deafness.
B) Amplifier
○ Between the microphone, and the receiver, the amplifier increases the amplitude
or strength of the electrical signals.
○ The amplifier then sends the signals
through a speaker to the receiver for
further processing.
C) Receiver
○ The receiver is essentially the last station where signals go.
○ It gathers electrical signals delivered by the amplifier, and
converts them back into acoustic energy, or sound. This
○ energy is sent to the inner ear and finally the brain is finally able
to process the sounds as speech.
E) Battery Compartment
○ In most hearing aids, the battery compartment is located close
to the on and off switch on the casing behind the ear.
○ The batteries are recommended to be removed, and the
compartment left open at night to allow moisture to escape.
(Most last 5-14 days)
F) User Controls
○ On/ Off switch: In a BTE hearing aid, this is located on the casing
that fits behind the ear.
■ A user can control this function and if they are on the
phone will commonly select T, and when engaging in the
conversations around them, M.
■ O= off, T= Telecoil, M=Microphone
○ Volume Control: This control is normally located above the on
and off switch. The typical volume level is 2- 2.5. If someone is
using at a level above 4, the hearing aid is not appropriate for the
user.
A) Earmold
○ A wax loop can be used to remove any dirt or wax
that has built up
○ Once the ear mold is removed from the hearing aid, it
may be soaked in soapy water
■ Cleaning tablets are available that contain an
antibacterial element that helps kill off germs. This is mostly used after an
ear infection to ensure a completely germ free ear mold.
○ Ensure that the ear mold is completely dry before inserting the hearing aids into
the ear
■ Never use a hair dryer to dry hearing aids.
○ A visual inspection of the ear mold should be done daily to make sure there are no
cracks or wax in the holes
○ For RIC and ITE hearing aids that do not have an ear mold but rather a receiver
that goes down into the canal, there are wax guards and wax filters that are
designed to protect receivers from wax and debris.
■ Wax filters and wax guards need to be changed on a need basis; everyone
produces a different amount of wax so change yours when it is
appropriate.
■ RIC and ITE hearing aids need to be cleaned daily with special attention
because the receiver lies in the ear canal where wax tends to build up. A
build up of wax on the receiver may cause the hearing aid to not function
normally.
C) Battery
○ The batteries should be replaced regularly. Use a battery checker every morning
to check the status of the batteries in the hearing aid.
○ A visual inspection can be done to look for dirt, rust,
or corrosion on the inside of the battery
compartment
D) Tubing
○ A visual inspection of the tubing of a hearing aid should be done daily to make
sure there are no cracks or twists. Also the tubing should be clear and flexible not
discolored and excessively hard.
● Hearing aid cleaning devices are available, such as D-Dry by Phonak, that use UV light
to clean hearing aids
○ UV light reduces the accumulation of germs and protects against a buildup of
moisture
● It is important that young children are taught to care for their hearing
aids as soon as they are old enough to do so. Children need to be
included in the daily maintenance and cleaning of their hearing aid so
they learn how to properly care for them. This helps teach children a
sense of responsibility.
In order to e nsure that a Hearing Aid or Cochlear Implant is working properly, there are steps to
take to confirm proper function. An audiologist typically performs an auditory test that includes
6 sounds, otherwise known as the “Ling Test”. The 6 sounds that are chosen are based off of the
varying frequencies that are present in everyday speech.
● The presenter should sit at a distance around 3 feet ahead of the client.
● The presenter’s mouth should not be visible, as the client may be able to discriminate the
sounds based off of reading their lips, hindering their actual ability to detect the sound.
● The sounds, “ah”, “ee”, “oo”, “sh”, “s”, and “m” are presented in a varying order.
● The audiologist will have the child perform a specific activity such as toss a block into a
the sound.
● If all of these components are within normal limits, then you can
conclude that there are no issues within the hardware of the devices.
E) Battery tester
● Your hearing care professional can assist you with the process of any of
the above problems
A) Volume Control
● Most hearing aids have a volume control that can be found directly on the hearing
aid or adjusted with a remote control. It is very useful for the user to be able to
adjust the volume of the hearing aid.
● The volume control can be in the form of a wheel, button, lever, or remote.
B) Telecoil
● The telecoil, also called telephone switch,
allows for an alternate input source. The
telecoil picks up magnetic signals instead
of acoustic energy.
● Magnetic signals are converted into
electrical energy and then into acoustic
energy.
● Magnetic signals can be from telephones, CD, TV, assistive listening
devices, or a loop in a room.
● Telecoils improve the signal to noise ratio.
D) Compression
● Some hearing aids have a compression component that helps the amplified sound
from becoming painful when a loud sound is present in the listeners environment.
● Compression helps the individual hear better in quiet situations by increasing
amplification and reduces the amplification of loud sounds in noisy environments.
G) Booted or Integrated FM
● Some hearing aids have FM receivers either in
the form of a boot or integrated in the hearing
aid. The FM receiver can be plugged into the
boot instead of wearing a box on a harness.
● Booted or Integrated FM provides the listener
with a clear signal that can be heard up to
300-400 feet away from the speaker.
● Improves the signal to noise ratio.
H) Frequency Shifting
● Frequency shifting is a feature that lowers the frequencies of sounds that an
individual cannot hear into frequencies that can be heard.
● This feature is best for individuals with steeply sloping hearing loss
configurations.
I) Remote Control
● Some hearing aids, mostly the smaller versions, require the
use of a remote control for adjustments. Remotes can
control the volume, program, and mode that the hearing aid
is in.
● Remote controls can be disguised as watches, phones,
necklaces, etc.
● Everything below the hearing loss configuration can be heard by the individual
● F1: detection of sound
● F2: discrimination of sound
● Visual of the sounds a patient might not be hearing due to the configuration of their
hearing loss
A) Who is a candidate?
● An individual who has moderate to profound
hearing loss in both ears.
● An individual with profound hearing loss in only
one ear.
● Someone who may receive little to no benefit
from a Hearing aid.
● An individual who scores less than 65% on a
sentence recognition test conducted by a hearing
professional.
● Benefits
○ Patients have experienced an ease of communication, reverberation, reduced cues,
reduced background noise, and reduced sound distortion.
○ Many private insurance companies cover the procedure, however Medicaid and
Medicare do not offer coverage at this time.
● Who is a candidate?
○ Originally for patients with neurofibromatosis (NF2), where tumors grow along
the auditory nerve, known as acoustic neuromas.
○ Someone born with no functioning auditory nerve in either ear, or an improperly
developed one.
○ A client who is deaf due to an abnormally shaped inner ear, incomplete
development of the cochlea, absence of inner ear structures, overgrowth or
improper bone development in the inner ear.
○ Someone who has an injured inner auditory nerve in result from the temporal
bone fractures.
○ Those who cannot benefit from a cochlear implant, or other hearing aids.
● Candidacy Criteria
○ Patients between the ages of 18 and 75
○ A patient who has been diagnosed with Neurofibromatosis Type 2(NF2).
○ Bilateral deafness without a functioning auditory nerve.
○ Someone who is eligible for removal of a tumor, or an existing ABI.
○ Someone receiving no or minimal benefit from a previous ABI.
○ No lesions between the Inferior Colliculus, and Auditory Cortex.
○ Post- Linguistic onset of contralateral severe to profound neural hearing loss.
B) Infrared
● Utilize light based technology
● The listener must be within direct line of sight of the light beam from the receiver
for maximum effectivity.
● Frequently installed in places of entertainment and for situations where privacy is
needed such as courtrooms or doctors offices. The infrared light does not pass
through walls so there is no risk of others outside the room hearing the
information.
● A major disadvantage of infrared systems is that the signal can be blocked in
someone/something comes between the speaker and the listener. Sunlight also can
cause a blockage of infrared signal.
D) Teleloops
● Individuals with telecoils can use teleloops. Telecoils
allow hearing aids to have an alternate input source.
Instead of acoustic energy being the input source,
electrical energy is the input source. Teleloops use an
electromagnetic field to carry the sound from a
speaker’s mouth to the listener’s ear.
● A wire loop, wire mat, or loop that goes around the
entire room is connected to a power source, an
amplifier, and a microphone.
● The user and the speaker can move around (up to 300 ft
apart) without interfering with the signal
E) Bluetooth technologies
● Allow for a hearing aid to be
connected to a phone, speaker, tv, or
computer.
● There is only a short distance that the
hearing aid user can be from the device
that he/she is connected to. However,
there is nothing that can interfere with
the signal.
● A major downfall of bluetooth
technologies is that they do not do broadcast. A person who is using hearing aid
bluetooth connection cannot hear what is going around in the room they are in.
They can only hear what they are directly connected to.
B) Door alerts
● Visual and vibratory factors
● Can alert you if a window has been opened in your home
● Can be connected to a smartphone
C) Baby alerts
● Transmitters are made to detect a baby’s cry and send it to a
central alerting system to alert the individual that their baby is
crying.
D) Alarm clock
● Alarm clocks that light up and vibrate are
available. Some even have the ability to shake the
bed to wake up the individual with hearing loss.
deaf, hard of hearing, deaf- blind, speech disabled, or late deafened people who use text
● These calls can be made 24 hours a day without restrictions on the number, length, or
● Steps to follow:
○ Give the operator the phone number of the person you are calling
○ Retrieve voicemails
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