Reconstructionism -  is a philosophical approach that questions essentialism and other rigid and dogmatic standpoints.

It questions the existing standards in order to provide new perspectives to

the social, political, economical and other related issues. Theodore Brameld is regarded as the founder of reconstructionism.

Essentialism - Essentialism is the view that every entity has a set of attributes that are necessary to its identity and function. In early Western thought, Plato's idealism held that all things have
such an "essence"—an "idea" or "form".

Curriculum - The term curriculum refers to the lessons and academic content taught in a school or in a specific course or program. In dictionaries, curriculum is often defined as the courses offered by
a school, but it is rarely used in such a general sense in schools.

Supported Curriculum - The Supported Curriculum is the curriculum supported by available resources. Such resources include both human (teachers) as well as physical (such as textbooks,
workbooks, audio visual aids, teacher guides, grounds, buildings, library books and laboratory equipment).

Syllabus - A syllabus is your guide to a course and what will be expected of you in the course. Generally it will include course policies, rules and regulations, required texts, and a schedule of
assignments.

Albert Bandura - Albert Bandura is an influential social cognitive psychologist who is perhaps best known for his social learning theory, the concept of self-efficacy, and his famous Bobo doll
experiments. He is a Professor Emeritus at Stanford University and is widely regarded as one of the greatest living psychologists.

BF Skinner - B. F. Skinner was one of the most influential of American psychologists. A behaviorist, he developed the theory of operant conditioning -- the idea that behavior is determined by its
consequences, be they reinforcements or punishments, which make it more or less likely that the behavior will occur again.

Edward Thorndike - Edward Thorndike (1898) is famous in psychology for his work on learning theory that lead to the development of operant conditioning within Behaviorism. Whereas classical
conditioning depends on developing associations between events, operant conditioning involves learning from the consequences of our behavior.

RA772

Spanish Period Royal Decree -  Although by royal decree the friars were required to teach the Spanish language to the natives, they realized it would be easier for them to learn the local languages first,
before teaching Spanish to the population. The Educational Decree of 1863 was an effort by Spain to reform the Philippine colonial education system. The Decree established a complete system
of education in the archipelago--it required two elementary schools in each municipality (one for girls and one for boys), standardized the curriculum, and established normal schools, thus
making systematized education available to the masses. In the nineteenth century, educational opportunities opened to a segment of society previously kept under control by the religious
orders through a selective curriculum of rudimentary academics and a heavy dose of catechism. 

Dimension of curriculum organization

 Francis Hunkins - The

decision making model of curriculum that developed by Francis P. Hunkins model are lots helpful to the educators and teachers itself to help them
improve their teaching based on the curriculum model stated by Frank ( nick name for Francis ).

 This curriculum model support lot of good content through 7 stages in order to help educators especially in easier decision making. It is suitable for the standard and
advanced proficiency level of students.
TESDA - The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority serves as the Philippines' Technical Vocational Education and Training authority. As a government agency, TESDA is tasked to both
manage and supervise the Philippines' Technical Education and Skills Development. 

Designing Curriculum -

Teacher

Oliva/Tylers Model - The

Oliva model can be used in multiple ways.It is a process for developing a school's curriculum. It can be used to develop subject are curriculum and
planned instruction, or school wide, and interdisciplinary. The model can also be used to make program decisions focused on the curriculum components. The faculty and staff
can use the instruction components to help plan instruction and strategies.

"The Tyler Model is considered to be the strongest model for curriculum development." Gathering data from the three important sources of learners, subject matter, and life
outside are vital in the identification process. The stages of planning and curriculum design are strenuous, in order to accomplish successful instructional outcomes.

Both models concentrate on the instructional components and try to maintain focus on those components. In addition, these models plan and have one a goal of curriculum.

The last two components of the Oliva model have to deal with evaluations. While the evaluation is not focused on the teacher or students but rather on the curricular program. I
think it is important to evaluate how the receptive the students are to the instruction given. If students are receptive to the instructions given or to the teacher they are not
receiving anything from the curriculum.

Olivia model – linear, deductive, prescriptive, combines a scheme for curriculum development and a design for instruction

K to 12 Program

Student

CHED

DEPED

Curruculum Review

Curriculum Planning

CuRriculum implementation – refers to how teachers deliver instruction and assessment through the use of specified resources provided in a curriculum

- Takes place when students acquire knowledge, skills and attitude

 Implementation is an interaction between those who have created the programme and those who are incharge to deliver it
  It is the phase where teacher action takes place
- Means putting into practice the written curriculum that has been designed in syllabi, course study, curricular guides and subjects.

Stakes Responsive Model - Responsive evaluation is an approach to measure the effectiveness of educational programs developed by Robert E. Stake 1973. This approach enables to evaluate
the educational and other programs by comparing the program activity, the program uniqueness, and the social diversity of the people.

Gives more emphasis on a full description of the evaluation program as well as the evaluation process itself. Described as responsive evaluation approach

Stufflebeams CIPP model - The

CIPP model was created in the 1960s by Daniel Stufflebeam[1](link is external)and is considered a decision-oriented model that
systematically collects information about a program to identify strengths and limitations in content or delivery, to improve program effectiveness or plan
for the future of a program.[2](link is external)Users of this model are often focused on management-oriented evaluation, as this framework combines four
stages of evaluation. The focus is on continuous improvement by concentrating on four areas of a program: the overall goals or mission Context
Evaluation); the plans and resources (Input Evaluation); the activities or components (Process Evaluation); and the outcomes or objectives (Product
Evaluation).
CIPP
strategy for Curricular Change

Curriculum Development Model

Laissez Faire Approach – let alone approach

Gives teachers absolute power to determine what they see best to implement in the classroom.
Authoritarian Control Approach

Teachers are directed by authority figures through a memorandum, to follow a curriculum.

Principal or School Heads

Curriculum

All about the plan. Sum total of all learning experiences in and out of school
Supported Curriculum

Taught Curriculum
Written Curriculum

Perennialism