Media and Information Literacy - Senior High School

Alternative Delivery Mode

Quarter 1 - Module 1: Introduction to Media and Information Literacy
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalty.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Development Team of the Module:

Author: Marilou L. Lora
Reviewers: Therese Mae C.
Maandig Arian M.
Edullantes Abihail L.
Gimena
Illustrator: Jay Michael A. Calipusan
Management Team:
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Asst. Regional
Director Mala Epra B.
Magnaong CES,
CLMD
Members: Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr.
Regional ADM Coordinator
Elson C. Jamero
EPS-Designate-TLE

Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education – Regional Office 10 Office

Address: Zone 1, Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro City 9000
Telefax: (088) 880-7071, (088) 880-7072
E-mail Address: region10@deped.gov.ph
 Senior High School

Media and Information

Literacy
Quarter 1 - Module 1:
Introduction to Media and
Information Literacy

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by

educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We encourage
teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education at action@ deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Table of Contents

What This Module is About .................................................................................................... I

What I Need to Know ............................................................................................................. I
How to Learn from this Module ............................................................................................. II
Icons of this Module .............................................................................................................. II
What I Know ......................................................................................................................... III
Lesson 1:
Introduction to Media and Information Literacy ........................................................................ 1
What I Need to Know....................................................................................................... 1
What’s New: Different Kinds of Media............................................................................. 2
What Is It .......................................................................................................................... 3
What’s More: Identification of the Use of Media ............................................................. 3
What Is It: Definition of Terms ....................................................................................................... 4
What’s More: Case Analysis............................................................................................ 5
What’s New: Inventory of Media Habit, Lifestyle and Preferences ................................. 6
What I Have Learned: Synthesizing your Learning ........................................................ 7
What I Can Do: Online Browsing of Satirical Sites ......................................................... 8

Lesson 2:
Information Literacy .......................................................................................................... 9
What’s In .......................................................................................................................... 9
What I Need to Know....................................................................................................... 9
What’s New: Situational Simulation .............................................................................. 10
What Is It: Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy .................................................... 10
What’s More: Social Media Scenario ............................................................................ 11
What I Have Learned: Information Ethics ..................................................................... 12
What I Can Do: Detecting Fake News Online ............................................................... 13

Summary ............................................................................................................................. 14
What This Module is About
Welcome to the 21st Century Society!
We live in a world where the quality of information we receive largely determines our
choices and ensuing actions, including our capacity to enjoy fundamental freedoms and the
ability for self-determination and development. Driven by technological improvements in
telecommunications, there is also a proliferation of media and other information providers
through which vast amounts of information and knowledge are accessed and shared by citizens
(Karklins, J., UNESCO).
This Module is an introductory part for the subject in Media and Information Literacy,
which will pave the way towards more meaningful discussions and interactions. This is aimed
in introducing the concept of Media and Information Literacy to Senior High School learners,
as solid ground for college readiness. Basic concepts and terminologies will be presented as
we go along the module.
Together, let us scan the next few pages of this module in order for us to be fully
equipped and to be media and information literate individual. There are several standard
symbols (icons) used as you go about in the completion of this module. For instance, a hand
cupped with a sprout represents an activity that introduces you to a new lesson or concept.
This is reinforced with the magnifying glass icon that discusses the activity as a part of the
lesson, enabling you to discover and understand the totality of the lesson. Highlighting each
lesson is your application of learning, an activity that shall transfer the skills and knowledge
gained into your real-life situations, symbolized with a nut and wrench tandem.
This module contains varied activities that can help you as a Senior High School student
to not just be an information literate individual, but a creative and critical thinker as well as
responsible user and competent producer of media and information.
The following are the lessons contained in this module:
1. Introduction to Media and Information Literacy;
2. Information Literacy.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Describe how much media and information affect communication (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-1);
2. Identify the similarities and differences of media literacy, information literacy, and
technology literacy (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-2);
3. Editorializes the value of being a media and information literate individual. (MIL11/12IMIL-
IIIa-3);
4. Identifies characteristics /describes a responsible user and competent producers of
media and information (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-3);
5. Share one’s media habits, lifestyles and preferences (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-4);
6. Define information needs; can locate, access, assess, organize, and communicate
information (MIL11/12IL-IIIc-8);
7. Demonstrate ethical use of information (MIL11/12IL-IIIc-9).
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that are
Know set for you to learn as you go along the
module.
What I know This is an assessment as to your level of
knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that of
the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented to
you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further to master the
competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show- case
your skills and knowledge gained and applied into
real-life concerns and situations.
 Lesson
Lesson 1
2

What’s In

In lesson 1, we have learned the mechanics of communication to effectively deliver

messages to other people, using different communication mediums or media. There are several
media uses, each can either be a source of information, or the communication medium itself. We
have also defined several literacy terms, one of which is Information Literacy, which will be
discussed in-depth in this lesson.

What I Need to Know

Generated by Marilou L. Lora from https://bigcrunch.io/v/nAEdNnc7nssE4Xi77EhSJg

• Why do we need information?

• Where do we search for information?
• How do we acquire and store information?
• How do we use the information that we have?
• How will we communicate the information that we have acquired?

The questions outlined above are some of the few questions that comes into mind when
we talk about Information Literacy, which was introduced in the earlier part of this module.
Before we go further, answer the first activity of the lesson.
 What’s New

Activity 1: Situational Simulation

You are given an opportunity to personally interview the mayor of the city where you
live in. In this case, write down at least five (5) questions that you would want to ask the mayor.

What Is It

Now, given the above questions which you have personally chosen, it is important to
understand the need to acquire this information that you have asked from the mayor of the city.
These questions are a result of you trying to go through the process towards becoming an
information literate individual.
As a review, we already discussed what Information Literacy is. It is defined as the ability
to recognize when information is needed, and to locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate
information in its various formats. Therefore, it is a set of individual competencies needed to
identify, evaluate, and use information in the most ethical, efficient and effective way across all
domains, occupations and professions.

Stage What is this stage all about?

Identifying/ recognizing information needs
1 The realization that there arises a need or a problem exists that requires information,
for its satisfactory resolution.
Determining sources of information
2 Know how to determine if the needed information exists, and to source out from
varied avenues.
Citing or searching for information
3 Know how to find needed information, to give credits to the source of the information.
Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information
Know how to fully understand found information or know where to go for help if
4
needed to understand, and to assess the accuracy and reliability of the information
acquired.
Organizing, storing, or archiving information
Know how to preserve, store, reuse, record, and archive information for future use,
5
or to dispose of information no longer needed, and safeguard information that
should be protected.
Using information in an ethical, efficient, and effective way
6
Know how to utilize information to solve problem, make decision, or meet need.
Creating and communicating new knowledge
7 Know how to communicate and present information to others in appropriate, usable
formats/ mediums.
 Take note that the concept is appropriately divided into stages as to one cannot proceed
with the next step unless the initial step is not satisfied. It can be considered as elements, since
each one must be exhibited in an individual if we consider one as information literate.
In the table from the previous page, let us just consider a situation relevant to your
experience as SHS student, particularly your task on your subject in Practical Research. First
thing that you need to do is to look for a specific need, a problem that needs resolution (Stage
1) which will serve as the moving reason for your research. Let us just say you want to look
into students’ reading comprehension. Stage 2 requires that you must determine if there are
available materials for your references, whether they be in hard or soft copies, digital or
otherwise. Once you have determined your information sources, like the internet, books,
journals, and the like, you must cite these sources appropriately to not be charged with
plagiarism. Stage 4 is all about analyzing and evaluating which from the varied information
available are relevant to your research topic, and which are not valuable enough for use. This
stage requires a full understanding of the topic or need that you need to resolve. Stage 5
requires knowledge as to the preservation and storage of the information that you have
acquired. You may store these on a flash drive, or maybe print or photocopy the information for
your reference. Stage 6 is all about the proper way of using the information that you have
acquired that will be beneficial to a large number of people. The ethical and legal side of using
referenced materials then comes into question. Finally, you will have to decide then as to the
manner of communicating the information to the vast majority of the people. Definitely as an
output of your Practical Research, you need to have this printed and bounded before submitting
to your teacher.
Let us now test your understanding by doing the activity below.

What’s More

Activity 2: Social Media Scenario

You have seen the viral video in social media Information needs
about a senior high school student bullying another (What information do you need?)
student within the school premises. There had been Sources of information
so many concerns circulating in the online world (Where will you get them?)
about the identity of the parties involved, one of which Access to the information
claims that the school is playing favorites between the (How will you access them?)
parties and favoring the bully in the video. As an Evaluate information
active social media user, you want to exhibit your (How will you check the quality of
being a media and information literate individual, the information?)
following table below outlines the task that you will Organize information
have to take in order to come up with an informative (How will you organize and store
post relative to the viral issue at hand. them?)
Communicate information
Let us move on further as you answer the
How will you create and
following activity to enhance your capacities in communicate them?)
passing opinion as to the daily life situations you are
facing involving information literacy as a Senior High
student.
 What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Information Ethics

Given below are hypothetical situations that require your unbiased opinion and
educated judgment. Write your point of view as to each situation, taking into consideration the
following mechanics in grading this activity:

Criteria 3 2 1
Treatment of The author was able The author was able to The author was not
Information to clearly ascertain partially ascertain able to ascertain
specific information specific information specific information
needs, including the needs, including the needs, including the
details needed for details needed for details needed for
sound judgment, sound judgment, sound judgment,
considering the considering the considering the
elements/ stages of elements/ stages of elements/ stages of
Information Literacy. Information Literacy. Information Literacy.
The author exhibited
Sentence, The author exhibited fair The author exhibited
excellent command
Structure, of the language, command of the poor command of the
Grammar, its general usage, language, its general language, its general
Mechanics and mechanics and usage, mechanics and usage, mechanics and
Spelling spelling spelling. spelling.

1. You are researching on an assignment in your subject in Media and Information Literacy.
You came along an article online that amazingly can answer the research assignment
perfectly well. You copy and pasted it into one great essay, complete with pictures and
other visuals. You did not cite your references in order to impress your perfectionist and
strict teacher.
2. A family friend, who also happens to be your classmate in one of your classes was
diagnosed with an incurable illness. Your close family ties enabled you to know the
status of her health, including its severity, and asked you to refrain from spilling out the
information outside of your family circle. In order to help her with her absences and
academic standing, you told your class adviser about her health status.
3. You are living in a peaceful community within your barangay where everyone practically
knows everyone. Lately, there have been rumors circulating around the neighborhood
that one of your friends is into illegal drugs. Upon investigation and personal interview,
you found out that he is actually using marijuana because of an emotional problem within
his family. You decided to help him by enlisting the help of psychologists and authorities
in order to help him rehabilitate and cope with the problem. True enough, he was sent to
a rehabilitation center in order to undergo debriefing. The news spread like wildfire within
the neighborhood and soon, his family’s problems was then discussed out in the open.
Your friend’s family have branded you a traitor for helping the “arrest” of your friend and
ultimately revealing their problems to the entire neighborhood.
 What I Can Do

Activity 4: Detecting Fake News Online

This activity will focus mainly on web browsing, so you must have a stable internet
connection. Below is a table, wherein you will be listing down specific websites that are known
to publish fake or satirical news. The first one is done for you.

Website Address/Name What it does

https://adobochronicles.com/
THE ADOBO CHRONICLES is your source
of up- to-date, unbelievable news. Everything
you read on this site is based on fact, except
for the lies. (lifted from
https://adobochronicles.com/about/)

Tip: Look for the About Us page of the website in order to know what it does
Summary
1. Communication is broadly defined as the imparting and exchanging of information.
2. There are different communication mediums, common examples are Conversation,
Public Speaking, Documents/ Letters/ Mails, Visual Art, Physical Medium, Digital/
Interactive. Each one of these mediums works differently in conveying messages and
information, but with the main purpose of communicating information to others.
3. Literacy is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and
compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy
involves a continuum of learning, wherein individuals are able to achieve their goals,
develop their knowledge and potential, and participate fully in their community and wider
society
4. Media are the physical objects used to communicate with or the mass communication
through physical objects such as radio, television, computers, film, etc. It also refers to
any physical object used to communicate messages.
5. Media Literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of
forms. It aims to empower citizens by providing them with the competencies (knowledge
and skills) necessary to engage with traditional media and new technologies.
6. Information- A broad term that covers processed data, knowledge derived from study,
experience, instruction, signals or symbols.
7. Information Literacy- The ability to recognize when information is needed, and to
locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its various formats.
8. Technology (Digital) Literacy- The ability of an individual, either working independently
or with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use technological tools.
Using these tools an individual can access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and
communicate information.
9. Media and Information Literacy- The skills and competencies that allow individuals to
engage with media and other information providers effectively, as well as develop critical
thinking and life-long learning skills to socialize and become active citizens.
10. The Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy are:
Stage 1- Identifying/ recognizing information needs
Stage 2- Determining sources of information Stage
3- Citing or searching for information
Stage 4- Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information
Stage 5- Organizing, storing or archiving information
Stage 6- Using information in an ethical, efficient and effective way
Stage 7- Creating and communicating new knowledge
11. The Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy are divided into stages as to one cannot
proceed with the next step, unless the initial step is not satisfied. It can also be
considered elements, because each one must be exhibited in an individual if we are to
consider one an information literate.
References

Janis Karklins, foreword to Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers
Paris: UNESCO, 2011, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000192971

“Effective Communication”, accessed last January 2, 2019, https://huddle.

eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/lessons-learnt-effective-communication/

“What is Media Anyway?” YouTube Channel MediaSmarts, accessed last January 3,

2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBP_kswrtrw

“Word Cloud Generator”, accessed January 14, 2020, https://bigcrunch.io/v/

nAEdNnc7nssE4Xi77EhSJg

Wilson, C. et.al., “UNESCO Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers”,
ISBN 978-92-3-104198-3, 2011

Teaching Guide for SHS: Media and Information Literacy, CHED in collaboration with the
PNU Quezon City: 2016, electronic version. https://www.academia.edu/39154647/
Teaching_Guide_for_Senior_High_School_MEDIA_AND_INFORMATION_
LITERACY_CORE_SUBJECT

“About Us”, accessed last August 9, 2019, https://adobochronicles.com/about/

“Think Before You Click: List of Pinoy fake news sites”, accessed last July 12, 2019,
https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/hashtag/content/382094/think-before-you-
click-list-of-pinoy-fake-news-sites/story/