ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.

14 Assignment 3

Assignment 3 Circuit Construction

There are many different ways of constructing even the simplest of

electronic circuits and a diagram is often drawn to show how the circuit
was constructed. For this reason it is necessary to learn about the basic
common symbols representing components and layout characteristics.

With the Data Terminal at the Log-on position:

Enter your CLASS number
Enter your STUDENT number

Start the assignment as follows:

Enter assignment number 3

Check that assignment 3 of module 53.14 is loaded. Call your instructor if

you have any problems.

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Assignment 3 ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

Inventory Launch Check List

Are the items listed below available?

Answer Yes or No to each item on the Data Terminal.

1 Solderless Circuit Board Kit

2 Your Student Workbook

Task 1 Constructing a Metronome

In this task you will gain experience of building a circuit following a circuit
diagram. Your circuit will work a metronome. This is a device commonly
used by musicians to help their timing.

! Locate Data Sheet 1 in Appendix A at the back of the Assignment Guide.

If you look through the Data Sheet, you will find the following:
1 A Schematic or Circuit Diagram with a Parts List.
2 Description of Parts. (Find out more about the parts you are using by
reading the description details.)
3 Assembly Diagram to show how your completed circuit should look.

" Build the circuit shown on Data Sheet 1 using the solderless circuit
board kit.
Make sure you select the right transistors and connect them as detailed
in the Data Sheet.
It is essential that you identify the two different types of transistors:
3904 is called an NPN type
3906 is called a PNP type

# Check that your circuit looks like the assembly diagram shown on your
Data Sheet.

$ Set the potentiometer (R2) to its midway position. Connect the battery to
the battery clip. As you do this, the speaker of the metronome should
start clicking.

% Adjust the potentiometer (connected as a variable resistor) to change the rate

(number of clicks per minute) of the metronome.
You may find that the metronome will not click when the potentiometer is
set to its minimum resistance position (knob rotated fully counter
clockwise).
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3.2 scanTEK 2000
ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Assignment 3

Q2
R1 R3
1kΩ 3906
4.7kΩ

R2 Q1 C1
100kΩ 3904 100µF

Speaker
Diagram 3.1 - Metronome schematic diagram

Draw the schematic diagram of the metronome in your Student Workbook.

3.1a What happens to the number of clicks per minute when the resistance of R2
is increased (potentiometer knob rotated clockwise)?
a No change to the number of clicks per minute
b The number of clicks per minute reduces
c The number of clicks per minute increases
d The number of clicks become so rapid that they become a
continuous tone

3.1b What is the item marked Q1 on the schematic diagram?

a A speaker
b A capacitor
c A resistor
d A transistor

3.1c If a new metronome is created and is set at a rate of 120 beats per minute and
this is then reduced to 20% of that rate, how many beats per minute is the
new rate? Enter your answer as a whole number.

3.1d If another metronome is created and is working at 90% of its maximum rate
and producing 150 beats per minute, what percentage of maximum rate
would 105 beats per minute be? Enter your answer as a whole number.

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Assignment 3 ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

Complete the following sentence in your Student Workbook:

The rate at which the metronome works depends upon the size of the
capacitor and resistors in the circuit because...

Summary

In this assignment you have constructed a circuit to work an electronic

metronome. This is a simple application to demonstrate how we can control
electricity to do something useful for us.

Inventory Landing Check List

Clean up your workstation. It is your responsibility to make sure no items

are damaged or missing.

Are the items listed below still working and back in place?
Answer Yes or No to each item on the Data Terminal.

1 Solderless Circuit Board Kit

2 Your Student Workbook

Hand-in your work on the Data Terminal and Log-off.

Exit all computer programs and turn off the equipment at your workstation.

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ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Assignment Guide - Contents

Contents - Part 2

pages

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. i

Student Activities ....................................................................................................................................... ii

Assignment Pre-test Quiz: Part 2 ................................................................................ PR2.1 - PR2.2

Assignment 16 - Storing and Generating Electricity ............................................................. 16.1 - 16.14

Assignment 17 - The Electric Motor ....................................................................................... 17.1 - 17.8
Assignment 18 - Electric Motors as Generators ...................................................................... 18.1 - 18.4
Assignment 19 - Thermistor Application ................................................................................ 19.1 - 19.8
Assignment 20 - Thermistor Activated Circuit ....................................................................... 20.1 - 20.4
Assignment 21 - Alternative Transducer Circuit ..................................................................... 21.1 - 21.4
Assignment 22 - Electrical Storage ......................................................................................... 22.1 - 22.4
Assignment 23 - Testing Storage Devices ............................................................................... 23.1 - 23.4
Assignment 24 - Circuits with Capacitors ............................................................................... 24.1 - 24.4
Assignment 25 - Building a Digital Circuit ............................................................................. 25.1 - 25.6
Assignment 26 - Digital Logic ................................................................................................. 26.1 - 26.6
Assignment 27 - Using a Digital Circuit ................................................................................. 27.1 - 27.4
Assignment 28 - Using and Researching Integrated Circuits .................................................. 28.1 - 28.6
Assignment 29 - Microchips .................................................................................................... 29.1 - 29.4
Assignment 30 - Complex Circuits .......................................................................................... 30.1 - 30.4

Assignment Post-test Quiz: Part 2 .............................................................................. PO2.1 - PO2.4

Appendix A - Data Sheets ............................................................................................... AP.1 - AP.46

Appendix B - Resistor Colour Coding .......................................................................... AP.47 - AP.48

Appendix C - Resource Materials ................................................................................. AP.49 - AP.50

Appendix D - Component Symbols .............................................................................. AP.51 - AP.54

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ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Assignment 23

Assignment 23 Testing Storage Devices

In this assignment you will be testing different size capacitors in a

circuit to show how varying amounts of electrical charge are stored and
discharged.

With the Data Terminal at the Log-on position:

Enter your CLASS number
Enter your STUDENT number

Start the assignment as follows:

Enter assignment number 23

Check that assignment 23 of module 53.14 is loaded. Call your instructor if

you have any problems.

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Assignment 23 ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

Inventory Launch Check List

Are the items listed below available?

Answer Yes or No to each item on the Data Terminal.

1 Book 'Essentials of Electronics'

2 Book 'Eyewitness Science - Electricity'

3 Solderless Circuit Board Kit

4 Your Student Workbook

Vocabulary of Technical Words

Throughout this assignment you will come across technical words related to
electricity and electronics, which you may currently be unfamiliar with, but
will be useful to you in the future. To help, you should write a definition of
these words into your student workbook. The words to watch for in this
assignment are:

! Capacitor
" Capacitance

Task 1 Using the Solderless Circuit Board

In this task you will build a circuit to demonstrate how a capacitor stores and
releases electrical energy after a certain amount of time, depending on its
size.

! Build the circuit shown in diagram 23.1 and datasheet 13 using the
solderless circuit board.
200Ω

1kΩ

LED
1000µF
Diagram 23.1 Circuit for testing discharge time of capacitors

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ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Assignment 24

Assignment 24 Circuits with Capacitors

Within this assignment you will design a flashing light circuit using
capacitors and resistors.

With the Data Terminal at the Log-on position:

Enter your CLASS number
Enter your STUDENT number

Start the assignment as follows:

Enter assignment number 24

Check that assignment 24 of module 53.14 is loaded. Call your instructor if

you have any problems.

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Assignment 24 ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

Inventory Launch Check List

Are the items listed below available?

Answer Yes or No to each item on the Data Terminal.

1 Solderless Circuit Board Kit

2 Your Student Workbook

Task 1 Designing a Circuit with Capacitors

In this assignment you are going to apply the knowledge you have gained
about capacitors within this module by designing a circuit.

The circuit should be a flashing light circuit which has the flash rate of two
LEDs controlled by two capacitors. The circuit should not have a 555IC
chip in it to control the flashing.

The basic circuit you should use is shown in diagram 24.1 and datasheet 14.
However, this has some components which have not been given values. You
should design your circuit by deciding upon the size of the unmarked
components.

Try the combinations shown below and then experiment with other values.

R1 47Ω 100Ω 4.7kΩ 4.7kΩ 2207kΩ 22 kΩ

R2 47Ω 22Ω 4.7kΩ 47kΩ 2207kΩ 1 kΩ
C1 10µF 1000µF 100µF 1000µF 0.01µF 10µF
C2 10µF 100µF 100µF 0.01µF 0.01µF 100µF

Fill in table 24.1 in your Student Workbook

Use different values for resistors R1 and R2 and capacitor C1 and C2.
Record the results which these have upon the flash rate of the LEDs after
placing them in your circuit at the positions indicated.

You may find that the LEDs stay on continuously, or do not come on
at all.

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ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Assignment 25

Vocabulary of Technical Words

Throughout this assignment you will come across technical words related to
electricity and electronics, which you may currently be unfamiliar with, but
will be useful to you in the future. To help, you should write a definition of
these words into your student workbook. The words to watch for in this
assignment are:

! Digital
" Sampling
# 555IC Timer

Task 1 Digital Electronics

! Build the circuit shown on Data Sheet 5 in appendix A, using the solderless
circuit board kit.

" Check that your circuit looks like the assembly diagram shown on your
Data Sheet.

# Connect the battery to the battery clip.

$ Adjust the potentiometer so the counter just stops from automatically

counting.

% Now keep passing your hand over the LDR to see what happens.

25.1a Which would be the best description for the circuit you have just produced.
a A Random Number Generator
b Digital Die
c Alphabet Creator
d Digital Lap Counter

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Assignment 25 ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

Now that you have completed an experiment dealing with digital electronics
you may be wondering how this compares to analogue electronics.

Read the section 'Analogue and Digital' the book 'Eyewitness Science -
Electronics' and from the book 'Essentials of Electronics' the sections
'Digital electronics' and 'Binary number system' in the chapter 'Digital
Fundamentals'.

All integrated circuit (IC) chips follow a standard pin numbering system.
The left side is identified by a notch, and the chip is numbered (starting from
1 in the bottom left corner) from left to right along its bottom side, and right
to left along its top side.

25.1b Which of the following IC chip layouts correctly identifies the pin
numbering system?

A B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

C D
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

25.1c How would an analogue signal be measured so it could be converted into a

digital form?
a Continuously monitored
b Sampled at regular intervals
c Levelled at an average value
d Scanned to find peaks and troughs

Make a summary of the contents of this assignment in your Student

Workbook by showing the correct pin layout for integrated circuit chips and
explaining how your solderless circuit works.

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ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Assignment 26

Task 1 AND Gate Logic

The Logic AND gate.

! Build the circuit shown on Data Sheet 6 in appendix A, using the solderless
circuit board kit.

" Check that your circuit looks like the assembly diagram shown on your
Data Sheet.

# Connect the battery to the battery clip.

Fill in Truth table 1 in your Student Workbook with the results from this
experiment.
For the input probe to be '1' connect it to the positive bus strip on the
solderless circuit board. For the input probe to be '0', connect it to the
negative bus strip on the solderless circuit board. If the LED is lit, place a
1 in the output column; if the LED is not illuminated, place a 0 in the
output column.

26.1a Inputs of 1 and 0 to an AND gate will give an output of 1. Is this correct?

Task 2 NAND Gate Logic

The Logic NAND gate

! Build the circuit shown on Data Sheet 7 in appendix A, using the solderless
circuit board kit.

" Check that your circuit looks like the assembly diagram shown on your
Data Sheet.

# Connect the battery to the battery clip.

Fill in Truth table 2 in your Student Workbook with the results from this
experiment.
For the input probe to be '1' connect it to the positive bus strip on the
solderless circuit board. For the input probe to be '0', connect it to the
negative bus strip on the solderless circuit board. If the LED is lit, place a
1 in the output column; if the LED is not illuminated, place a 0 in the
output column.

26.2a Inputs of 1 and 1 to a NAND gate will give an output of 0. Is this correct?

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Assignment 26 ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

Task 3 NOR Gate Logic

The Logic NOR gate

! Build the circuit shown on Data Sheet 8 in appendix A, using the solderless
circuit board kit.

" Check that your circuit looks like the assembly diagram shown on your
Data Sheet.

# Connect the battery to the battery clip.

Fill in Truth table 3 in your Student Workbook with the results from this
experiment.
For the input probe to be '1' connect it to the positive bus strip on the
solderless circuit board. For the input probe to be '0', connect it to the
negative bus strip on the solderless circuit board. If the LED is lit, place a
1 in the output column; if the LED is not illuminated, place a 0 in the
output column.

26.3a Inputs of 0 and 0 to a NOR gate will give an output of 1. Is this correct?

Task 4 NOT Gate Logic

The Logic NOT gate

! Build the circuit shown on Data Sheet 9 in appendix A, using the solderless
circuit board kit.

" Check that your circuit looks like the assembly diagram shown on your
Data Sheet.

# Connect the battery to the battery clip.

Fill in Truth table 4 in your Student Workbook with the results from this
experiment.
For the input probe to be '1' connect it to the positive bus strip on the
solderless circuit board. For the input probe to be '0', connect it to the
negative bus strip on the solderless circuit board. If the LED is lit, place a
1 in the output column; if the LED is not illuminated, place a 0 in the
output column.

26.4a An input of 1 to a NOT gate will give an output of 1. Is this correct?

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ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Appendix A

Appendix A - Data Sheets for Part 2

Data Sheet 4 - The Water Detector

Data Sheet 5 - Assignment 25 - Task 1

Data Sheet 6 - AND Gate

Data Sheet 7 - NAND Gate

Data Sheet 8 - NOR Gate

Data Sheet 9 - NOT Gate

Data Sheet 10 - 555IC Timer Flashing Light

Data Sheet 11 - Random Number Generator

Data Sheet 12 - Light Sequencer

Data Sheet 13 - Discharge Time of Capacitors

Data Sheet 14 - Flashing LED Circuit

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Appendix A ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

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ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Data Sheet 5

Data Sheet 5 Digital Circuit - Assignment 25 - Task 1

Schematic Diagram

Parts List

1 x blank stripboard (Experimentor 300)

1 x IC 555 timer
1 x IC 4029
1 x IC 4511
1 x 2N3904 transistor
1 x Seven segment display
1 x ORP12 Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
7 x 470Ω, 0.5W carbon film resistor
1 x 1kΩ, 0.5W carbon film resistor
1 x 4.7kΩ, 0.5W carbon film resistor
1 x 22kΩ, 0.5W carbon film resistor
1 x 100kΩ linear potentiometer
1 x 0.01µF capacitor
1 x 10µF, 16v radial electrolytic capacitor
1 x 9v battery
1 x 9v battery clip
1/0.6 mm PVC sleeved single wire as required.

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scanTEK 2000 AP.7
Data Sheet 5 ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

Description of Parts
Part Circuit What it does
Symbol

Power Supply Power supply connections are required to power the circuit.
+
When you have completed the circuit it will obtain power from
_ the battery source.
The power source, the battery, supplies electric force called
voltage which drives an electric current round the circuit.

Resistor A resistor reduces the current in a circuit. The greater the

resistance the smaller is the current. The coloured bands give
the resistance in ohms (shortened to Ω).

Seven-segment Display
A seven segment display comprises seven LED segment bars.
There is a common cathode which all LED anodes are
connected to. When this is connected to +9V, any combination
of segments can be illuminated by connecting the appropriate
3 segment pins to 0V via resistors.

Digital IC
The 555 timer is a very popular and useful integrated circuit
that can work as a clock (astable multivibrator), as a timer
(monostable multivibrator), as a flip-flop (bistable
multivibrator), as well as many other forms.

Circuit Connections
Circuit connections connect the components of a circuit board
together. You will be using the solderless circuit board, which
Connected has connections made within the board along metal strips.
Current flows easily along these strips as they are good
conductors.

Not
connected

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AP.8 scanTEK 2000
ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Data Sheet 5

Light Dependent Resistor

When light falls on a Light Dependent Resistor (shortened to
LDR) its resistance becomes low, in the dark its resistance
is high.

Capacitors A capacitor stores electricity. The greater the capacitance, the

more electricity a capacitor stores. Capacitance values are
0.01µF
measured in farads (shortened to F) and this is marked on the
component. The greatest voltage a capacitor can store is
also marked.

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Data Sheet 5 ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

Assembly Diagram

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ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Data Sheet 3

Data Sheet 3 Digital Circuit - The Seven Segment

Display and Logic Probe

Schematic Diagram
+9V

LED1
HI

R1
1kΩ
IC1
8 555
4 R Q 3

Input (Tip) 2 TRIG DIS 7

5 CVolt THR 6
1
C1 R2
.01µF 1kΩ
Wire Probe (+9V)
Positive (+) terminal on battery R1 470Ω LED2
LO

Negative (-) terminal on battery 0V

The Seven-Segment Display The Logic Probe

Parts List

1 x blank stripboard (Experimentor 300)

1 x IC 555 timer
2 x Light Emitting Diode (LED)
1 x Seven segment display
1 x 470Ω, 0.5W carbon film resistor
2 x 1kΩ, 0.5W carbon film resistor
1 x 0.01µF capacitor
1 x 9v battery
1 x 9v battery clip
1/0.6 mm PVC sleeved single wire as required.

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scanTEK 2000 AP.11
Data Sheet 3 ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

Description of Parts
Part Circuit What it does
Symbol

Power Supply Power supply connections are required to power the circuit.
+
When you have completed the circuit it will obtain power from
_ the battery source.
The power source, the battery, supplies electric force called
voltage which drives an electric current round the circuit.

Resistor A resistor reduces the current in a circuit. The greater the

resistance the smaller is the current. The coloured bands give
the resistance in ohms (shortened to Ω).

Seven-segment Display A seven segment display comprises seven LED segment bars.
There is a common cathode which all LED cathodes are
connected to. When this is connected to 0V, any combination of
segments can be illuminated by connecting the appropriate
segment pins to +9V via resistors.
3

555IC
The 555 timer is a very popular and useful integrated circuit
that can work as a clock (astable multivibrator), as a timer
(monostable multivibrator), as a flip-flop (bistable
multivibrator), as well as many other forms.

Circuit Connections
Circuit connections connect the components of a circuit board
together. You will be using the solderless circuit board, which
Connected has connections made within the board along metal strips.
Current flows easily along these strips as they are good
conductors.

Not
connected
Capacitor A capacitor stores electricity. The greater the capacitance, the
more electricity a capacitor stores. Capacitance values are
0.01µF
measured in farads (shortened to F) and this is marked on the
component. The greatest voltage a capacitor can store is
also marked.

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ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Data Sheet 11

Data Sheet 11 Digital Circuit - Random Number Generator

Schematic Diagram

Parts List

1 x blank stripboard (Experimentor 300)

1 x IC 555 timer
1 x IC 4029
1 x IC 4511
1 x Seven segment display
7 x 470Ω, 0.5W carbon film resistor
3 x 1kΩ, 0.5W carbon film resistor
1 x 0.01µF capacitor
1 x 10µF, 50v radial electrolytic capacitor
1 x Push button switch (N/O)
1 x 9v battery
1 x 9v battery clip
1/0.6 mm PVC sleeved single wire as required.

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scanTEK 2000 AP.31
Data Sheet 11 ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

Description of Parts
Part Circuit What it does
Symbol

Power Supply Power supply connections are required to power the circuit.
+
When you have completed the circuit it will obtain power from
_ the battery source.
The power source, the battery, supplies electric force called
voltage which drives an electric current round the circuit.

Resistor A resistor reduces the current in a circuit. The greater the

resistance the smaller is the current. The coloured bands give
the resistance in ohms (shortened to Ω).

Seven-segment Display
A seven segment display comprises seven LED segment bars.
There is a common cathode which all LED cathodes are
connected to. When this is connected to 0V, any combination of
segments can be illuminated by connecting the appropriate
3 segment pins to +9V via resistors.

Digital IC
The 555 timer is a very popular and useful integrated circuit
that can work as a clock (astable multivibrator), as a timer
(monostable multivibrator), as a flip-flop (bistable
multivibrator), as well as many other forms.

Circuit Connections
Circuit connections connect the components of a circuit board
together. You will be using the solderless circuit board, which
Connected has connections made within the board along metal strips.
Current flows easily along these strips as they are good
conductors.

Not
connected

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AP.32 scanTEK 2000
ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Data Sheet 11

Push Button Switch

A switch can change a circuit connection. In the open position
the switch is an open circuit and no current flows. When it is
pressed the switch closes, makes a circuit, and current flows.

Capacitors A capacitor stores electricity. The greater the capacitance, the

more electricity a capacitor stores. Capacitance values are
0.01µF
measured in farads (shortened to F) and this is marked on the
component. The greatest voltage a capacitor can store is
also marked.

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Data Sheet 11 ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

Assembly Diagram

0Ω
47

470Ω

470Ω
470Ω

470Ω
470Ω
470Ω

4511
4029
0.01µF

555
red
black

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AP.34 scanTEK 2000
ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Data Sheet 13

Data Sheet 13 Analogue Circuit – Discharge Time of Capacitors

Schematic Diagram
200Ω

1kΩ

LED
1000µF

Parts List

1 x blank stripboard (Experimentor 300)

1 x Light Emitting Diode (LED)
1 x 1kΩ, 0.5W carbon film resistor
1 x 200Ω, 0.5W carbon film resistor
1 x 1000µF capacitor
1 x 9v battery
1 x 9v battery clip
1/0.6 mm PVC sleeved single wire as required.

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scanTEK 2000 AP.39
Data Sheet 13 ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

Description of Parts
Part Circuit What it does
Symbol

Power Supply Power supply connections are required to power the circuit.
+
When you have completed the circuit it will obtain power from
_ the battery source.
The power source, the battery, supplies electric force called
voltage which drives an electric current round the circuit.

Resistor A resistor reduces the current in a circuit. The greater the

resistance the smaller is the current. The coloured bands give
the resistance in ohms (shortened to Ω).

Light Emitting Diode

Anode has long lead When anode voltage is greater than cathode voltage, current
flows and the LED produces light.

A K
Circuit Connections

Circuit connections connect the components of a circuit board

Connected together. You will be using the solderless circuit board, which
has connections made within the board along metal strips.
Current flows easily along these strips as they are good
conductors.

Not
connected
Capacitors A capacitor stores electricity. The greater the capacitance, the
more electricity a capacitor stores. Capacitance values are
0.01µF
measured in farads (shortened to F) and this is marked on the
component. The greatest voltage a capacitor can store is also
marked.

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AP.40 scanTEK 2000
ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Data Sheet 13

Assembly Diagram

short lead

1kΩ
200Ω

1000µF
red
black

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Data Sheet 13 ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

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AP.42 scanTEK 2000
ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Data Sheet 14

Data Sheet 14 Analogue Circuit – Flashing LED Circuit

Schematic Diagram
+9V

R2 470Ω

470Ω R1

C1

C2

Parts List

1 x blank stripboard (Experimentor 300)

2 x Light Emitting Diode (LED)
2 x 470Ω, 0.5W carbon film resistor
2 x carbon film resistor (experiment using different values)
2 x capacitor (experiment using different values)
2 x 2N3904 transistor
1 x 9v battery
1 x 9v battery clip
1/0.6 mm PVC sleeved single wire as required.

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scanTEK 2000 AP.43
Data Sheet 14 ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

Description of Parts

Part Circuit What it does

Symbol

Power Supply Power supply connections are required to power the circuit.
+
When you have completed the circuit it will obtain power
_ from the battery source.
The power source, the battery, supplies electric force called
voltage which drives an electric current round the circuit.

Resistor A resistor reduces the current in a circuit. The greater the

resistance the smaller is the current. The coloured bands
give the resistance in ohms (shortened to Ω).

Light Emitting Diode

Anode has long lead When anode voltage is greater than cathode voltage, current
flows and the LED produces light.

A K

Circuit Connections

Circuit connections connect the components of a circuit

Connected board together. You will be using the solderless circuit
board, which has connections made within the board along
metal strips. Current flows easily along these strips as they
are good conductors.

Not connected

A capacitor stores electricity. The greater the capacitance,

Capacitors the more electricity a capacitor stores. Capacitance values
are measured in farads (shortened to F) and this is marked
0.01µF
on the component. The greatest voltage a capacitor can
store is also marked.

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AP.44 scanTEK 2000
ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Data Sheet 14

Bipolar Junction A Bipolar Junction Transistor can be made to act as a switch. It

Transistor amplifies small currents into much larger copies. There are
three leads to a transistor; base (b), collector (c) and emitter (e).
It must be connected correctly or it will be damaged, so you
have to know which of the three leads is which. A small
current flowing into the base will cause a large current in the
collector.

There are two types of Bipolar Junction Transistor, NPN type

and PNP type.

NPN - the electron current flows OUT of the base causing

the electron current to flow from the emitter to the collector.

PNP - the electron current flows INTO the base causing the
electron current to flow from the collector to the emitter.

It is important to use the correct type of transistor. 3904 is an

NPN type and 3906 is a PNP type. The number of the transistor
is printed on the case of the device.

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Data Sheet 14 ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

Assembly Diagram

4511
black

short lead
3904
470Ω

E
C
B
R2
red

C1

R1
C2

470Ω
short lead

B
E
C

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ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Appendix B

Appendix B - Resistor Colour Coding

The following table shows the values associated with the colour bands
on resistors.

Colour Band 1st Digit 2nd Digit 3rd Digit (Multiplier)

Black 0 0 -
Brown 1 1 0
Red 2 2 00
Orange 3 3 000
Yellow 4 4 0000
Green 5 5 00000
Blue 6 6 000000
Violet 7 7 0000000
Grey 8 8 00000000
White 9 9 000000000

The fourth band tells us the tolerance of the resistor (how accurate the value
is), which is measured as a percentage.
The fourth band will be one of two colours:
a GOLD band indicates that the resistor has a tolerance of ±5% (the
actual resistance is within 5% of the marked value).
a SILVER band indicates that the resistor has a tolerance of ±10% (the
actual resistance is within 10% of the marked value).

The ± symbol means the value lies within a set range. So for a resistor
marked with a gold band, its resistance value is not more than 5% lower than
the coloured band value and not more than 5% higher than the coloured
band value.

Example

Find the value of resistor 1 from the resistance module with coloured bands
BROWN, BLACK, BROWN and GOLD:

BROWN, BLACK and BROWN gives us 100 Ω.

The GOLD band means ±5% of the value given by the coloured bands.
5% of 100 Ω is 5 Ω.
5% less than the value given is, 100 - 5 = 95 Ω.
5% more than the value given is, 100 + 5 = 105 Ω.
Therefore, the value of this resistor is between 95 Ω and 105 Ω.

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Appendix B ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

Resistors supplied with this module are shown below:

Yellow Violet Black Gold

47Ω

Red Red Brown Gold

220Ω

Yellow Violet Brown Gold

470Ω

Brown Black Red Gold

1kΩ

Yellow Violet Red Gold

4.7kΩ

Red Red Orange Gold

22kΩ

Brown Black Yellow Gold

100kΩ

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ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Appendix C

Appendix C - Resource Materials

It is suggested that you use the following resource materials to enhance

your studies:

Books

'Eyewitness Science - Electricity' book by Steve Parker

'Eyewitness Science - Electronics' book by Roger Bridman

'Essentials of Electronics' book by Frank D Petruzella

Basic Electricity CAI

Chapter 1 - Workshop Safety

At the SCANTEK 2000 Launcher screen:

Select the LAUNCH APPLICATION button
Type in the launch code 731401 and press Enter

The CAI program is launched.

When you have completed the CAI, select Exit.

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Appendix C ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

Chapter 2 - The Multimeter

At the SCANTEK 2000 Launcher screen:

Select the LAUNCH APPLICATION button
Type in the launch code 731402 and press Enter

The CAI program is launched.

When you have completed the CAI, select Exit.

Chapter 3 - Resistor Color Coding

At the SCANTEK 2000 Launcher screen:

Select the LAUNCH APPLICATION button
Type in the launch code 731403 and press Enter

The CAI program is launched.

When you have completed the CAI, select Exit.

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ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Appendix D

Appendix D - Component Symbols

Component ANSI ASE
Symbol Symbol
Resistor: With a fixed value of resistance.

Potentiometer: Varies current or voltage

used for volume, contrast and tone
controls needed for many electrical
adjustments.
Variable resistor: rheostat, used to
change the resistance in a circuit.

Thermistor: The amount of electrical

T
current that can flow through a thermistor
is dependent upon temperature. or
LDR: Light Dependent Resistor: This
acts as a switch that will allow electrical
current to pass through it when exposed to
light.
Preset potentiometer

Diode: Rectifier: Conducts forward

current with positive anode voltage.

LED: Light emitting diode. Emits light

when current passes through it.

Diode: Thyristor: SCR. Electronic

switch.

Diode: Photodiode: No voltage applied;

light input generates voltage output.

Diode: Zener: A voltage stabiliser.

Capacitor: stores charge passes AC

voltage, blocks DC voltage.

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Appendix D ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

Component ANSI ASE

Symbol Symbol
Capacitor: polarised: Fixed value but has
polarity.

Fuse: A circuit protection device.

Buzzer

Lamp

Loudspeaker

Microphone

Switch: SPST: switch (normally open)

Switch: SPST: switch (normally closed)

Press Switch: PTM: (Push to make)

Press Switch: PTB: (Push to break)

Switch: SPDT: Single pole throw switch

Switch: DPDT: Double pole double

throw switch

Transistor: FET transistor: field effect

transistor

Transistor: NPN transistor

Transistor: PNP transistor

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ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Appendix D

PhotoTransistor:

Conductor crossing - no connection

Conductor joined

Ground:

Power Supplies:
Battery
DC voltage single cell

Battery
of cells

Power supply DC
voltage source +12V 0V

Power Supplies: AC voltage

Multimeter: letters or symbol to

indicate range or function

Ammeter A

Voltmeter
V
Ohmmeter
Ω

CRO: cathode ray oscilloscope: A

device that converts electric signals to a CRO
visual display.

SG: Signal Generator: A device that

generates electric signals. S.G.

Bell:

Motor:
M

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Appendix D ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

Schmitt Trigger:

Amplifiers: A device that increases

amplitude of a signal.
Amplifier

Operational
Amplifier

Relay:
RL

Integrated circuit: Contains transistors,

diodes, resistors and capacitors in one
miniaturised package.

Logic Gate: AND

Logic Gate: NAND

Logic Gate: OR

Logic Gate: NOR

Logic Gate: XOR

Logic Gate: NOT

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ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Instructor's Guide

2.1a d Current will flow in a closed circuit.

2.1b c Electrons flow from the negative end of a battery to the positive.
2.1c b A printed circuit board is made of glass fibre because it does not
conduct electrical current.
2.1d c All electrical circuits must have a form of load.
2.1e b This is necessary to limit the size of current which can flow.

2.2a b Lamp LP1 is off when S3 and S4 are OPEN.

2.3a d Lamp LP1 is only on when S5 is at position 1.

2.3b c When LP1 is on, LP2 is OFF.
2.3c b This is because current cannot pass through LP1 and LP2 at the
same time (using a change over switch).

Assignment 3 Circuit Construction

Task 1 The newly gained knowledge of symbols and schematics is used to build a
metronome, a device which causes clicks at a constant rate, to help
musicians with their timing. The schematic diagram is given (see diagram
3.1). This information is transferred to the solderless circuit board.

Q2
R1 R3
1kΩ 3906
16kΩ

R2 Q1 C1
100kΩ 3904 100µF

Speaker
Diagram 3.1 - The Metronome Schematic

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Instructor's Guide ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

3.1a b When the resistance of R2 is increased (potentiometer knob

rotated clockwise) the number of clicks per minute reduces.
3.1b d The item marked Q1 on the schematic is a transistor.
3.1c 24 Beats per minute will be achieved at 20% of the maximum rate, if
the maximum rate is 120 beats per minute.
The student is required to use percentages to calculate the new
rate at which the metronome will click.
3.1d 63 With 90% of a maximum rate of 150 beats per minute, 105 beats
will be 63% of the maximum rate.
Given a new metronome rate the student is required to work out
the percentage of maximum work rate for that speed.

Assignment 4 Relay Operated Switches

Within this assignment the student learns about the relay as a switch. They
are introduced to the relay, a device which uses magnetic properties to
control contacts as switches.

Task 1 The student constructs a circuit using a relay as a switch to activate a

separate circuit which contains a lamp. An explanation is given in the
assignment guide about how this works. See diagram 4.1. The coil is
charged by battery B1. This causes the coil to become magnetised. This
causes the switch S1 to move from the closed position, N.C., to the open
position, N.O. This means that when S1 is pushed and pressure is
maintained, the circuit is complete and current can flow through LP1.

Task 2 The student constructs a Light Activated Switch Unit. The unit is an
example of a switch activated by changes in light. One example is a porch
light, which automatically comes on when it gets dark, then goes off when it
becomes light. Further on in the task the student is shown how to connect
the circuit so the relay is used to switch between a buzzer and a motor, when
it is either dark or light.

Task 3 The student looks again at the relay circuit to identify what will happen in
the circuit shown in the assignment guide.

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Instructor's Guide - Completed Workbook ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14

A Two Way House Lighting Circuit:

B D
A F

C E

L N
Main Power Supply

Names of two types of momentary action switch are:

! Push to make ...................................................................................................................

" Push to break ...................................................................................................................

Assignment 3 Circuit Construction

Diagram of an Electronic Metronome:

Q2
R1 R3
1kΩ 3906
4.7kΩ

R2 Q1 C1
100kΩ 3904 100µF

Speaker

The rate at which the metronome works depends upon the size of the capacitor and resistors in
the circuit because the resistor affects the rate of flow of current into the
capacitor. The capacitor is the device which activates the metronome click.
The capacitor will only discharge when it is fully charged. If the capacitor
takes longer to charge the pause in between the metronome clicks will be
longer.

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ST140/30 Basic Electricity - 53.14 Assignment 3

Assignment 3 Student Response Sheet 1 of 1

Name: __________________________ Class _________________ I.D. ________

As you work through assignment 3 you will see a calculator symbol in the margin. This indicates where you
have to make a response to a question. Make your responses on this sheet in the spaces provided on the right
hand side.

Assignment 3 Questions Student Responses (No Data Console Available)

3.1a What happens to the number of clicks per minute when the resistance
of R2 is increased (potentiometer knob rotated clockwise)? a b c d

3.1b What is the item marked Q1 on the schematic diagram? a b c d

3.1c If a new metronome is created and is set at a rate of 120 beats

per minute and this is then reduced to 20% of that rate, how
many beats per minute is the new rate? a b c d

3.1d If another metronome is created and is working at 90% of its

maximum rate and producing 150 beats per minute, what
percentage of maximum rate would 105 beats per minute be? a b c d

Once you have completed the assignment and you have filled in the pages of
your student workbook, you should hand this answer sheet to your teacher.

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