RA 9003

Related to Chapter XVIII-Refuse Disposal

Leonardo C. Sawal, ASEAN Engr., ACPE

National-Director-PSSE
leosawal0810@gmail.com
Who Wants
Garbage?
Our present system
of garbage management is garbage disposal and
not waste management.
This HAKOT/TAMBAK system,
also known as collect and dump system,
is not ecological.
Who Generates
Garbage?
 WASTE GENERATION SWM SITUATIONER

Industries/ Factories
Households

Schools

Offices, Businesses, Hospitals

& other Establishments

Agriculture
 SWM SITUATIONER

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF IMPROPER SWM

• Ground & surface water

contamination;
• Local flooding;
• Air pollution;
• Release of greenhouse
gases;
• Foul odor
A line Bureau by virtue of Section 34 of
the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (or RA
8749) and mandated to implement on a
nationwide scale the said Act and other
environmental laws to wit:
1. PD 1586 (Environmental Impact
Statement System - 1978)
2. RA 6969 (Toxic Substances and
Hazardous Waste Control Act -1990)
3. RA 8749 (Clean Air Act of 1999)
4. RA 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act - 2000)
5. RA 9275 (Philippine Clean Water Act
-2004)
Abide with the commitments and agreements and
remain the national focal point agency of the ff:
• Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary
Movement of HW and their disposal
• Montreal Protocol on the Protection of Ozone Layer
• Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic
Pollutants (POPs)
• Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Rotterdam Convention
• UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
Kyoto Protocol
Chemical Weapon Convention
Approval of RA 9003

Effectivity of RA 9003

Signing of the IRR of RA 9003

All Open Dumpsites should have been closed or

converted to Controlled Disposal Facilities (Sec. 37)

All Controlled Disposal Facilities shall be deemed closed

and phase-out (Sec. 37)
• Sec 21 – Segregation at Source

• Sec 23 – Segregated Collection

• Sec 33 - Recovery/Recycling Systems
• Sec 37 – Closure/Conversion of Open
Dumps to CDF
• Controlled Disposal Facilities
• Final Disposal Systems
 Waste Waste
Generation Collection

Waste Transfer /
Disposal Transport
 Waste Waste
Generation Collection
100% 98%

Waste Transfer /
Disposal Transport
90% 95%
 Biodegradable Composting

Waste
Generation Recyclables MRF
Non-
Biodegradable
Non- Disposal
Recyclables Facility
 Biodegradable Composting
50% 0%
Waste
Generation Recyclables MRF
100%
Non- 25%
Biodegradable
50% Disposal
Non-Recyclables
Facility
25%
Waste
24% Collection

Transfer and
22% Transport

Waste
20% Disposal
Institutional Structure
National Solid Waste DENR-EMB-NSWMC/S
Management Commission (Technical Support
(Policy Making) and Enforcement)

Ecological Solid Waste

Management Act

Local Government
Units Waste Generators/Citizens
(Implementation)
ROLE OF THE LGU
 primarily responsible for the
implementation and enforcement of the
provisions of this Act within their respective
jurisdictions

 barangay level shall conduct segregation

and collection of solid waste for
biodegradable, compostable and reusable
wastes

 municipality or city shall be responsible for

the collection of non-recyclable materials
and special wastes
Ecological Solid Waste Management
Act of 2000
• Mandatory segregation at source
(Section 21 RA 9003) Avoidance

Reduce
• Mandatory segregated collection;
(Section 1 Rule X, IRR) Reuse

• Mandatory waste diversion goal of

at least 25%; Recycle

(section 20 RA9003)
Treatment
• Establishment of Materials Residuals
Recovery Facilities; Mgnt
(section 32 RA 9003)
AVOID Generating Waste!

Practice the 3Rs:

REDUCE, RE-USE, RECYCLE!

• Avoid buying disposal goods such as

throwaway razors, etc.

• Avoid the use of unnecessary packaging.

• Consider reusable items;

• Maintain & repair durable products;

• Reuse bags, containers, and reusable items;

AVOID Generating Waste!

Practice the 3Rs:

REDUCE, RE-USE, RECYCLE!
• Borrow, rent, or share items used infrequently;

• Sell or donate goods instead of throwing them

out;

• Choose recyclable products and containers and

recycle them;

• Select products made form recyclable materials.

• Compost biodegradable wastes;

 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF RA 9003

Biodegradable Recyclable Special Residual

wastes Wastes Wastes Wastes

Separate
Collection
Schedule or
Use of
Compart-
mentalized
BARANGAY Vehicle
MRF SLF

recycling
TREATER
GARDENS/ JUNKSHOPS/
FARMS RECYCLING PLANT

BARANGAY’S Role CITY/MUNICIPALITY’S Ro

Solid Waste Composition
Special/Hazardous, 1%
Metals, 5%
Residuals, 4%
Glass, 3%

Paper, Food and

12% Other
organics,
Plastics, 50%
25%

Waste Analysis and Characterization Survey (WACS)-Metro Manila Solid Waste

Management Project, ADB 2003
COMPLIANCE with RA 9003
Sec 21 – Segregation at Source

The most indispensable element of any effective

ESWM Program
Proven by the enactment of an Ordinance that
mandates at Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) must be
segregated at source and placed in at least 3
separate containers, (a) Compostables, (b)
Recyclables, and (c) Residuals
Compliance is monitored through Barangay Level
Monitoring Systems
Segregation at Source
 Sorting at Source
• Provide easy
segregation system at
source.
• Use of color-coded
bins with pictures is
recommended.
• System should be
understood by child to
ensure that adults also
understand.
Classification of Waste under RA
9003
Compostables Recyclables

Special Wastes Non-recyclables/residuals

COMPOSTABLE WASTE
Compostable wastes are biodegradable
wastes such as food waste, garden waste and
animal waste.

Examples are:
Fruit and vegetable peelings, leftover foods,
vegetable trims, fish/fowl/meat/animal entrails/,
soft shells, seeds, leaves, etc.,
RECYCLABLE WASTE
Recyclable materials refer to any waste material
retrieved from the waste stream and free from
contamination that can still be converted into
suitable beneficial use.
Examples are:
Newspaper, ferrous and non-ferrous
scrap metals, corrugated cardboard,
aluminum, tin cans, glass, papers, etc.,
SPECIAL WASTE
Special waste refer to household hazardous
wastes.
Examples are:
Paints, thinner, household batteries, lead-acid
batteries, spray canisters, bulky wastes,
consumer electronics (which refer to worn-
out, broken and other discarded items), white
goods (which refer to large worn-out or
broken household appliances), oil, tires, etc.,
RESIDUAL WASTE
Residual wastes are solid waste materials
that are non-compostable and non-recyclable.

Examples are:
Sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, worn-out
rugs, ceramics, candy wrappers/sachets, cartons
which contain a plastic lining usually used for
milk and juice containers, etc.,
COMPLIANCE with RA 9003
• Sec 23 – Segregated Collection
This is the Backbone of any effective ESWM Program
Ground-Level Enforcement Method through “No
Segregation-No Collection”
Proven through the same Ordinance for Sec 21 but
capable of ground verification
Separate days and/or hours; Separate trucks or chambers
Socio-civic Trust Fund for the maintenance of garbage
collection trucks to ensure efficiency of collection and
prevention of backslide.
Segregated Collection:
Village-level Collection
• Daily segregated collection is best
for villages with a budget for bio-
man.
• Every bio-man can cover 200
houses daily @ P1.00.
• He can earn P5000 in 25 days of
work.
Segregated Collection:
Community Collection

 Some communities may opt to bring their

segregated wastes to bins located at strategic
places within their village.
 More economical when collectors are absent.
COLLECTION SWM SITUATIONER

• Approximately Php 3.54

billion is spent annually
on collection & disposal
of MM’s solid waste;

• In 2001, from 5 to 24% of

the total expenditures of
MM’s LGUs went to SWM;

• Based on survey
conducted by the National
Demographic & Health,
30% of households had
access to waste
collection at varying
frequencies.
Segregated Destination:
Urban Poor Community Approach
 Even urban poor
families can
improvise and
develop their own
bin system.
 A small open space
or street corner is
enough.
 Contents are
collected weekly by
barangay.
Materials Recovery Facility in
Every Barangay or Cluster of
Barangays
2 Main Physical
Components of an MRF

Composting area Eco-shed or warehouse

Immediate Sale of Recyclables

• If buyers of factory returnables

are available, then non-bio
wastes do not have to be
brought to the barangay MRF.
• The proceeds are realized by the
village.
• Less transport costs are
incurred.
 Segregated Destination:
Management of Compostable or
Biodegradable Materials

• Compostable waste need not leave the home. There are

many practical ways of managing compostable waste.
• This will require the re-use of certain discarded materials.
1. Backyard Compost Pits
2. TOWER TIRES
3. BOTTOMLESS
COMPOSTERS
4. COMPOSTING IN CLAY
POTS
5. Hanging Container Composting
 6. VERMICOMPOSTING

• To improve
the quality
of compost,
it may be fed to vermi-
worms and the manure
is collected as vermi-
castings.
• This process produces
the best quality organic
soil conditioner, which
is practiced in many
parts of the world.
Large-scale MRF Operation
If the city goes into large-scale MRFs, then the use of
machines will have to come in.
There are also several local technologies available for
rapid composting and other alternative technologies to
manage biodegradable materials.

Use of Large Use of Fabricated 1Ton

Shredders/Chippers Capacity Bioreactor
Large-scale MRF Operation

1. Mulching Operation 2. Shredding of Dried

Compostables

3. Sieving of shredded 4. Compost Processing

compost
Large-scale MRF Operation
5. Fermentation Phase
 When bio-waste achieves the proper
carbon:nitrogen ratio, it reaches a
temperature of up to 60 degrees C.
 This is enough to kill pathogens.
 The secret is in the mixture, not in the
machine.
6. Maturation Period
 “Rapid composting” still needs time
for the compost harvest to mature
before application in agriculture.
 Nature’s micro-organisms have to
be given time to mature at their own
pace.
 Pre-mature compost may emit foul
odor.
Large-scale MRF Operation

Marketing of Compost
• Compost should not
pretend to be a fertilizer
product.
• Compost should be
marketed as “soil
conditioners”, mulch,
garden soil, humus, etc.
• FPA license not
required for community
operation.
Basic Organic Agriculture
• Ecological waste
management will
eventually lead to organic
agriculture.
• Compost may be used
directly for planting
organic vegetables and
fruits.
• There is a large untapped
local demand for
compost.

URBAN GARDENING
 Segregated Destination:
Management of Recyclable or
Non-Biodegradable Materials

Redemption Centers

• For commercial purposes,

recyclables may be brought to
a bigger central warehouse.
• This may be operated by the
city, or by a cooperative, or by
a private business.
• This is required for rural or
provincial operations in
order to accumulate
commercial quantities
before transporting.
Management of Residuals & Final Disposal Sites

• Closure and rehabilitation of all open

and controlled dumpsites
• Establishment of a Categorized Sanitary
Landfill and or use of alternative
technology management of residual
wastes
Site Clearing

Application and
Maintenance of
Soil Cover
 Fines and Penalties
1st Offense:

2nd Offense:

3rd Offense:
Leonardo C. Sawal, ASEAN Engr., ACPE
National-Auditor-PSSE
leosawal0810@gmail.com