BIAK NA BATO REPUBLIC
according to the letter that was sent from HK to PH
 From Bulacan, Aguinaldo joined the troops of General
Mariano Llanera in Central Luzon Provinces
 Revolutionary leaders met and adopted a Constitution
titled “Provisional Constitution of the Philippine Republic”
 Intended to be effective for twoyears
 Declared that the aim of the revolution was the
separation of the Philippine from Spanish
monarchy and formation of an independent state
 Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer wrote the
provisional constitution based on the “Cuban
Constitution” also known as “Jimaguayu
Constitution”
Biak-na-Bato Republic
 Pres: Emilio Aguinaldo
 VP: Mariano Trias
 Sec. of Interior: Isabelo Artacho
 Sec. of Foreign Affairs: Antonio Montenegro
 Sec. of Treasury: Baldomero Aguinaldo
 Sec. of War: Emiliano Riego de Dios
 GG Fernando Primo de Rivera sent Pedro Paterno to
Biak-na-Bato for peaceful negotiations. After 5 months,
an agreement was made and was named as:
“Pact of Biak-na-Bato”
 PROGRAM – GG. Fernando Primo de Rivera would
pay 800,000 to those who rose in arms and would let
Aguinaldo and his troops exiled in Hong Kong
 ACT OF AGREEMENT – reteriated the granting of
amnesty to those who would lay down their arms and
the privelege to move freely in the Philippines and
abroad
 3rd Document – discussed the question of indemnity
wherein Spain would pay total of 1,700,000 pesos of
which 800,000 from “Program” and 900,00 to be
distributed among the civilians as indemnity for the
damages created by war
 From Pangasinan, Aguinaldo and his men (25 leaders)
boarded on Steamer Uranus bound to HK
 Gen. Artemio Ricarte stayed behind Biak-na-Bato for
the supervision of those who will surrender
 Spanish government announced the end of hostilities on
January 23, 1898, proclaimed amnesty 2 days later and
gave partial payment to the rebels in HK
 NO ONE FULLY COMPLIED TO THE
AGREEMENT
 Filipino revolts despite the Pact of Biak na Bato
 Federico Isabelo Abaya in Ilocos Sur
 Pantaleon Villegas “Leon Kilat” in revolt in Cebu
“Tres de Abril”
 Francisco Makabulos in Tarlac and the
“Makabulos Constitution”
 General Isidro Torres established a revolutionary
camp in Malolos
 Feliciano Jocson, a pharmacist, united the patriots
in Manila to continue fight against Spaniards.
 The reason for Agumaldo’s signing of the Pact
was because under it’s terms, Filipino revolutionaries
could rest and regain their lost strength and return to
combat with renewed vigor.
SPANISH –AMERICAN WAR
 Started April 25-August 12, 1898
Factors contributed to Spanish-American War
1. Cuban struggle for Independence
2. Sinking of US warship Maine
April 25, Commodore George Dewey commander of
Asiatic Squadron was instructed to proceed against
Spanish fleet anchored in Manila Bay
 The conclusion of Spanish-American War resulted to
the victory of the Americans paved the way the end
of the Spanish colonial rule and the rise of US as a
global power
FILIPINO-AMERICAN COLLABORATION
 Emilio Aguinaldo had a negotiation with an
American consul general Mr. E. Spencer Pratt in
Singapore. Americans were offering support for the
Filipinos vs. the Spaniards in the Philippines.
Aguinaldo was instructed to talk to George Dewey
in HK but Dewey was already in Manila Bay.
 Dewey was on Manila with 4 battleships Olympia,
Baltimore, Boston and Raleigh with 2 gunboats,
Concord and Petrel vs 12 naval ships of Spain with
their Flagship Reina Castilla under the leadership of
Admiral Patricio Montojo.
 Ships from other country (Britain, France, Japan and
Germany) showed support after the Battle.
 Aguinaldo reassumed command rebel forces to urge
people to rise arms and join the Americans
 Aguinaldo was advised by Ambrosio Bautista to
established a Dictatorial Government
 Initial success inspired Filipinos, Spanish forces were
routed to places in Central Luzon
 Aguinaldo with Gregorio Del Pilar, Pio Del Pilar,
Artemio Ricarte and Mariano Noriel surrounded the
City (Manila as capital city)
 Dewey’s squadron dominated the Bay, Spaniards
were trapped within the City. GG Basilio Agustin
rejected Aguinaldo’s offer of honorable surrender
 Dewey demanded the surrender of Manila on August
7 where in the Spanish Governor honorably
conceded.