AUTOMATED AEROPONICS FARMING AND

MONITORING USING IoT

 Soumya Ranjan Sahoo Jeshwanth Singh
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
M.S. Ramaiah Polytechnic, Bangalore 560054, India M.S. Ramaiah Polytechnic, Bangalore 560054, India
Email: Email:
Abstract— While demands on video traffic over mobile networks have
been souring, the wireless link capacity cannot keep up with the
traffic demand. The gap between the traffic demand and the link
capacity, along with time-varying link conditions, results in poor
service quality of video streaming over mobile networks such as long
buffering time and intermittent disruptions. Leveraging the cloud
computing technology, we propose a new mobile video streaming
framework, dubbed AMES-Cloud, which has two main parts: adaptive
mobile video streaming (AMoV) and efficient social video sharing
(ESoV). AMoV and ESoV construct a private agent to provide video
streaming services efficiently for each mobile user. For a given user,
AMoV lets her private agent adaptively adjust her streaming flow with
a scalable video coding technique based on the feedback of link
quality. Likewise, ESoVmonitors the social network interactions
among mobile users, and their private agents try to prefetch video
content in advance. We implement a prototype of the AMES-Cloud
framework to demonstrate its performance. It is shown that the
private agents in the clouds can effectively provide the adaptive
streaming, and perform video sharing (i.e., prefetching) based on the
social network analysis.
Keywords— Adaptive video streaming, cloud computing, mobile
networks, scalable video coding, social video sharing.
I. INTRODUCTION
Climatic change has generated shifting weather patterns and
extreme weather events that make it more difficult for
farmers to cultivate. Modern farming methods impacts soil
by the use of nitrogen fertilizers; this erodes the soil ability
to hold the nutrients. Thus, the agricultural land becomes
unproductive. Today’s agricultural practices majorly rely on
irrigation rather than rainfall, which in turn depletes
groundwater reserves and these have huge impact on the
soil. Rapid urbanization and industrialization leads to loss of
agricultural land, population growth, and these trends will
cause massive food shortage in the future. So, these
problems can be overcome by adopting soilless indoor
farming, of which aeroponics is one of the techniques.
Aeroponics may be a process of growing plants in an air or
mist environment without the utilization of soil. The word
aeroponics is derived from Greek meanings of aer (“air”)
and ponos (“labor”). NASA’s research on aeroponics have
proven that this technique can reduce water usage by 98%,
the usage of fertilizer by 60% and pesticide usage by 100%
while increasing crop yields. The main focus of this project
is on constructing an automated system that regulates and
monitors the aeroponic system. This will be accomplished
by the use of mist makers, pH sensor, temperature, humidity
and intensity regulator and a single board computer. While a
mobile app or a web interface will be employed to allow the
user to monitor and interact with the system in ease. The
user will also be warned in case of any malfunction so that
necessary action could be taken.
I. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The goal of our project is to create a fully automated aeroponics
and greenhouse system that will reduce the need for human
interference to the maximum possible extent. Two different
chambers are going to be developed one for the shoot system and
therefore the other for the basis system. This is done to ensure
that the climatic conditions of the root system and shoot system
are completely independent of each other.
The shoot chamber will host a light-weight, temperature sensor,
humidity sensor.
An array of LED lights (Mixture of red and blue color) will be
fixed to the zenith of the chamber and the brightness of these
lights will be controlled according to the optimum light intensity
for different plants which is required for photosynthesis.
The pump is used to pump the water to mist makers inside the
chamber. The mist makers are installed inside the chamber as it
is the main source of all the nutrients.
The specific objectives of this project involve accomplishing
goals which are specific to system and which would greatly
improve the system from those that are already available. Hence,
the objective is to develop an aeroponic system that can both
monitor and regulate the interior environment, and send the
collected data over an internet connection to a server which
would process the data and display it to the user through a web
interface, which will also be used to allow the user to control the
aeroponic system.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY AND RELATED WORK
In relation to IoT technology, many researchers have
proposed many different applications for a smart farming
system. We will describe some of the proposed research
work in the following.
A connected farm based on IoT systems for a smart farming
system was recently proposed by a researcher in Korea
Electronic Technology Institute. The proposed connected
farm system has three main components such as connected
IoT devices, an IoT gateway, and an IoT service platform.
Many physical sensors and controls will provide the means
for monitoring and controlling of the environmental
conditions of the farm. These sensors and controllers are
connected to an IoT gateway. By smartphone application,
the end user can monitor and control in the farming system
remotely.
An intelligent monitoring platform framework and system
structure for a facility agricultural ecosystem based on IoT
described in the research work. The described framework is
divided into four function layers: the sensor layer,
transmission layer, control layer and application layer. The
sensor layer handles the numerical sensor values in farming.
The transmission layer processes collected data from sensor
layer. The control layer uses the collected 8th International
Scientific Forum, ISF 2017, 7-8 September 2017, UNCP,
USA, Proceedings 106 data to control the agricultural
production by an automatic control algorithm.
The application layer displays the specific business logic of
agriculture by using an interactive interface. The proposed
framework applies to an intelligent monitoring platform of
facility habits in Shanghai.
Agri-IoT, an IoT-based framework based on semantic web
technologies presented in the research work. The presented
system enables large-scale data processing, analysis and
automatic reasoning based on realtime streams of data
coming from various heterogeneous sensors, social
media, connected farms, governmental alerts and
regulations. The authors evaluated the proposed Agri-IoT
with two realistic scenarios and investigated the introduction
of smart farming using IoT and its opportunities.
A smart greenhouse using Intel Galileo Gen 2 and Arduino
will help the farmers carry out the work in a farm
automatically proposed by the researcher. They proposed the
smart greenhouse can reduce 70%~80% of the water
requirement, increase yield and rate of growth, and produce
organic agricultural products.
The design of a smart IoT communication system manager
used as a low-cost irrigation controller described in the
research work. The authors used LoRa WAN network
protocol to show the best solution for data acquisition in
farming systems. The proposal is a great advantage for
controlling irrigation events to reduce the amount of energy
and water used.
In the survey, the author reviewed many IoT solutions from
context-aware computing perspective into five different
categories: smart wearable, smart home, smart city, smart
environment, and smart enterprise.
A smart farming system using unmanned aerial vehicles is
proposed by P. Lottes et al. . The authors described the
proposed system for vegetation detection, plant-tailored
feature extraction, and classification to obtain an estimate of
the distribution of crops and weed relying on objectfeatures
and key points in combination with random forest and
showed the classification system achieve good performance.
P. Nintanavongsa et al. [9] designed two routing approaches,
called Location-agnostic and Location-specific protocols, to
facilitate the selfsustaining agricultural monitoring platform,
requiring no infrastructure installation, comprises of
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with solar energy
harvesting and wireless power transfer capability.
Low-cost wireless system to reduce the pesticide dosage for
smart farming proposed researcher [10]. As the pesticide
control is important issue in farming, the author proposed
the pesticide dosage reduction using the wireless sensor
network technology and the fuzzy logic theory. The
proposed system has been evaluated in real test field
experimentally and shown a significant reduction (47%) of
the total pesticide dosage in experiment result.
8th International Scientific Forum, ISF 2017, 7-8 September
2017, UNCP, USA, Proceedings 107 In this research work,
we introduce a new application in an automated aeroponics
system using IoT for smart farming system.
III. SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
As shown in Fig. 1, the whole video storing and streaming
system in the cloud is called the Video Cloud (VC). In the VC,
there is a large-scale video base (VB), which stores the most of
the popular video clips for the video service providers (VSPs).A
temporal video base (tempVB) is used to cache new candidates
for the popular videos, while tempVB counts the access
frequency of each video. The VC keeps running a collector to
seek videos which are already popular in VSPs, and will re-
encode the collected videos into SVC format and store into
tempVB first. By this 2-tier storage, the AMES-Cloud can keep
serving most of popular videos eternally. Note that management
work will be handled by the controller in the VC. Specialized for
each mobile user, a sub-video cloud (subVC) is created
dynamically if there is any video streaming demand from the
user. The sub-VC has a sub video base (subVB), which stores the
recently fetched video segments. Note that the video deliveries
among the subVCs and the VC in most cases are actually not
“copy”, but just “link” operations on the same file eternally
within the cloud data center [36]. There is also encoding function
in subVC (actually a smaller-scale encoder instance of the
encoder in VC), and if the mobile user demands a new video,
which is not in the subVB or the VB in VC, the subVC will
fetch, encode and transfer the video. During video streaming,
mobile users will always report link conditions to their
corresponding subVCs, and then the subVCs offer adaptive
video streams. Note that each mobile device also has a temporary
caching storage, which is called local video base (localVB), and
is used for buffering and prefetching. Note that as the cloud
service may across different places, or even continents, so in the
case of a video delivery and prefetching between different data
centers, an transmission will be carried out, which can be then
called “copy”. And because of the optimal deployment of data
centers, as well as the capable links among the data centers, the
“copy” of a large video file takes tiny delay [36].

Fig 1 . Illustration of the AMES-Cloud framework with the Video Cloud (VC),
subVCs for mobile users, the Video Base (VB), and the Video Service Providers
(SPs).
Evaluate the performance of the AMES-Cloud
framework by a prototype implementation. We choose the U-
cloud server (premium) in the cloud computing service offered
by Korean Telecom, and utilize the virtual server with 6 virtual
CPU cores (2.66 GHz) and 32 GB memory, which is fast enough
for encoding 480P (480 by 720) video with H.264 SVC format in
30 fps at real time [9]. In the cloud, we deploy our server
application based on Java, including one main program handling
all tasks of the whole VC, while the program dynamically
initializes, maintains and terminates instances of another small
Java application as private agents for all active users. We
implement the mobile client at a mobile phone, Samsung Galaxy
II, with android system version 4.0. The mobile data service is
offered by LG LTE network, while in some uncovered area the
3G network is used. Note that we still use “3G” to indicate the
general cellular network.We test in the downtown area, so the
practical bandwidth of the mobile link is not as high as we
expected, but this won’t impact our experiment results.
V. RESULTS
Figure 4 shows the output for resource utilization for a perticuler
user in multicloud computing environment. In this figure we can
see the cpu, ram and bandwidth usage range of the perticuler
user in graphical manner. In this graph, we have resources on y-
axis and time on x-axis.
In figure 5 shows output for execution time of process and with
help of clousimulator, we got some results based on the user
usage of the system.In this figure we have time verses clouletId,
which shows how much processes are been executed per seconds
and depending on this we can decide whether user performing
more tasks per second.
VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
It facilitates dynamic collaboration between clouds, in this
proposed framework that uses proxies for collaboration between
clouds. Here Proxies acts as a mediator between applications in
multiple clouds that want to collaborate to share data. The
proposed framework has the potential to overcome several
restrictions in the current cloud computing model that can
prevent dynamic collaboration among applications hosted by
different cloud systems. Future research directions for the
proposed framework include refining the proxy deployment
scenarios and developmentof infrastructural and operational
components of a multicloud system.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author thanks Dr. Annapurna P Patil for her constant
guidance, encouragement and support. Her valuable guidance
has provided the author with a deep insight into the topic.
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