Ge'ez

LEARN GE'EZ
The Re-creation of Ge'ez
                                                                                  
                                                                                               By Dessie keleb

Introduction:

As the land of Ge'ez or Ethiopic, Ethiopia occupies a unique place among countries south of the
sahara, the ancient language of the Ethiopian people belongs to the Afro-Asiatic linguistic
family. A vast body of literary works in Geez grew up since the ancient civilization of Ethiopia.
These works are religious, political, philosophical, astronomical, and medical etc, in content. In
the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, Ge'ez is still the language of the liturgy and other
religious, social, and philosophical services such as Quine. It remained the literacy language
long after it ceased to be a (spoken) vernacular after the decline of the Aksumite Empire.

By the second half of the 19th century, during the reign of Tewodros П, Ge'ez was   replaced by
Amharic as the written media outside the church circle.  Ge'ez is known to have attracted many
social scientists and Humanists as several scholars   from different fields of studies (linguistics,
philology, law...) have undertaken studies on Ge'ez or Ethiopic.   They all have played
important roles for the preservation and elaboration of every aspect of the language in their
relentless efforts to understand and transmit it from generation to generation. Foreign fathers and
scholars have their modest share in the translation of books from Ancient Greek, Arabic... into
Ge'ez and in interpreting the text written in Ge'ez.

Works of the first millennium scholars on the origin and development of Ge'ez, are  yet to be
discovered sufficiently and studied well.  The first Ge'ez Grammar was published in 1661 by Job
Ludolf ,a German scholar ,who attended his Ge'ez Lesson from an Ethiopia monk, Abba
Gorgoryos.

Abba Gorgoryos left for Jerusalem and Europe after the religious conflict between the Jesuit
missionaries and Orthodox Christians of Ethiopia. That is why scholars usually quote the
following: "Behind Ludolf is a gold lining in the person of Abba Gorgoryos with a wealth of
immense Scholarship on Ethiopian history, language, philosophy which Ludolf duly
acknowledges his indebtedness in contrast to others, before and after him."

Job Ludolf also published "Amharic Grammar" in 1698 by the help of the same monk. Yet, some
scholars believe that the first Ge'ez text was published by Putken (a student of Abba Thomas) in
1513. And some features of Ge'ez Grammar were published by Vittorio (a student of Abba Tesfa
Siyon) in 1552. Thanks to his knowledge of Hebrew and Arabic languages, the work of Job
Ludolf was much better than other works presented before his time.
The work of another German scholar, called Dillman, is really of great value for students of
Ge'ez and researchers on Ethiopic texts. However, Dillman's effort on the pronunciation of Ge'ez
was not effective. He has, among other things, mistranslated Ge'ez perfective verbs as
infinitives. August Dilman published a Grammar of Ge'ez in 1857. The same trend was followed
by Mittowch, another German who published   '' Ge'ez Pronuncation".

In the late 19th and 20th centuries, the study on Geez moved further ahead with European
academics (French, Italian, German..) like Conti Rossini, I. Guidi, Cerulli etc. who either
translated or published Ge'ez  texs.

Ethiopian modern and traditinal scholars -AbbaTakla Maryam, walda samaharay

Abba Yaeqob Gabra Eyasus, Aleqa Kidane- wold  Kifle, Kifle Giorgis, Asres Yenesaw, Alequa
Taye,Afeworq, Yitbarek,Zena Marqos, Belay Mekonnen,etc.- have played an important role in
producing Ge'ez texts. Above all, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is   still serving as a
home of Ge'ez for millenia.
                    

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