IB Biology Topic 7 – Nucleic acids HL Revision Sheet

DNA structure DNA replication (in prokaryotes) – Enzyme functions What part do nucleosomes play in supercoiling?”
 Nucleosomes are _________________________________________________________
 Helicase ___________________________________________________
 Non(coding regions o DNA could be ____________ , ____________or ______________
 DNA gyrase ________________________________________________
 Regulators of gene expression are
_______________________________________________________________________  single strand binding proteins __________________________________

 Introns are ____________________________________________________________  DNA primase _______________________________________________

 teleomeres are _________________________________________________________  DNA polymerases I ___________________________________________

 tRNA genes are _________________________________________________________  DNA polymerase III. __________________________________________

Applications Name the four enzymes and the strands A & B Compare & contrast DNA replication in
leading stand with the lagging stand.
 Crossing over during prophase I of meiosis causes gamete chromosomes to more varied than _________________________
_____________________________________
 Dideoxynucleic acids are used in base sequencing because ______________________________________________________ _____________________________________
_____________________________________
 Tandem repeats are short blocks of DNA repeated over and over. This makes them useful in DNA profiling because.
_____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
 Hersey chase experiment used a virus infecting bacteria to provide evidence that DNA was ____________________________ ____________________________________

Transcription & control of gene expression Outline the three stages of translation
Initiation _____________________________
Neucleosomes can regulate transcription by _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
Gene expression can be regulated using proteins that bind to specific ____________________________________ in the DNA.
Synthesis _____________________________

The environment of a cell can also affect ______________________________________ and heritable epigenetic factors. ______________________________________
Termination __________________________
mRNA is modified by splicing after transcription to remove __________________ or to increase the number of different
_______________ made by a single gene. ______________________________________

Ribosime binding sites Compare & contrast free ribosomes and bound ribosomes  State what makes primary structure in a protein Describe tertiary and quaternary structure in
proteins using a diagram
Free ribosomes Bound ribosomes _____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 Describe these secondary structures
Alpha helix _______________________________________________

Beta pleated sheet ___________________________________________

s of a nephon

© David Faure, InThinking http://www.thinkib.net/biology