1 NS4000 4100 ECDIS Functional Description Eng (035-095) PDF

Multiloading
When the ECDIS task screen cannot be fully covered by the selected chart
on the necessary scale, the remaining part is filled with information from other charts
loaded on the same scale:
Chapter 1. Electronic Navigational Charts 33

CHAPTER 2
Information Sensors
This chapter provides a description of principles underlying
the NS 4000 MFD process and display of information
from external sensors.
Copyright Transas Ltd., 2010

Navigational Sensors
NAVIGATIONAL SENSORS
Essential Information
PS Positioning System
In this mode, the following satellite systems can be used for the ship positioning:
• GPS;
• DGPS.
Where there are two or more positioning sources, they are connected in the System
Configuration utility as POS1, POS2, POS3, and etc. sensors, appropriate identifiers
assigned to them.
Processing of Data Received from PS Positioning System

The ship position coordinates can be received from the system sensors in the form
of IEC 61162-1 standard messages (DTM, GGA, GLL, GBS, GNS, RMC for GPS).
In this case, “Latitude” and “Longitude” fields are processed (N/S and E/W
hemisphere specified as appropriate).
Processing of Data Received from ER Positioning System
This method is based on the reception of ARPA information on the bearing and
range to some stationary object (e.g. a lighthouse) with fixed coordinates. With
this method in use, the ship position is determined by referencing to the ship position
to the radar image of such target. This method allows continuous positioning
for both, primary and secondary methods.
When the ship position is determined by ER method, the selected radar target
is set in the coordinates specified by the operator. Then, proceeding from the data
on the selected target (bearing and distance), the ship position is calculated relative
to the coordinates of the target. Therefore, as long as the data on the target is
supplied continuously, the positioning will also be continuous.
As all the navigational calculations are made by the ECDIS relative to the ship position
on the Primary track, with the ER mode turned on the primary ship positioning method,
all the targets received from the ARPA are plotted on the chart relative to the ship
position, i.e. are shifted by the value of the entered ship position correction.
Processing of Data Received from DR Positioning System

In the Dead reckoning mode, the ship position is determined from the information
received from gyro and log.
ATTENTION!
If DR mode is used for a long time, this may result in a serious ship positioning error,
therefore, the ship position should, be permanently checked and corrected as required.
For display of position data, see paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential)

Information.
Chapter 2. Information Sensors 37

Processing of Data Received from EP Positioning System

The Estimated Position (EP) mode is implemented on the bases of dead reckoning
(DR) and takes into account additional data on currents or the last received drift
value. You can select one of the following estimation modes:
• EP:Drift – to use the last calculated drift value for correcting the position;
• EP:Current – to use total current (tidal and surface) from the navigational
databases for correcting the position;
• EP:Manual – to use manually entered drift for correcting the position. The variation
range in direction is 0–359.9 degrees, and 0.0–9.9 knots in speed.
The name of the mode in use will be displayed in “Primary” or “Secondary” windows
on the Control panel.
1
EP positioning system is autonomous and is available if there is data from the
compass and water-speed log. With the failure of one or more units, the positioning
system is considered to be faulty.
“COG\SOG\HDG\LOG” window on the Control panel displaying the own ship motion
parameters, shows heading and speed values supplied by the compass (HDG)
and (LOG), whereas CMG and SMG fields contain respective corrected values.
Heading
Data on the ship’s true course (HDG) is supplied to the NS 4000 MFD by the gyro
in HDT, THS and VHW sentences.
Where there are two heading sources, they are connected in the System Configuration
utility as GYRO 1, GYRO 2 sensors, and appropriate identifiers assigned to them.
Also ship’s true course may be outputted to the NS 4000 MFD from magnetic
compass with HDG sentence.
Connection of the gyros and magnetic compass is made on “Sensors” page
in the System Configuration utility.
For display of heading data, see paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential)

Information.
Speed
STW
Speed data STW is received from the (D)LOG in VHW or VBW sentences. Connection
of the (D)LOG is made on “Sensors” page in the System Configuration utility.
Where there are two speed sources, they are connected in the System Configuration
utility as (D)LOG 1, (D)LOG 2 sensors, appropriate identifiers assigned to them.
If the log is not connected in the System Configuration utility, it is possible to enter
STW value manually in STW Sources group on “Speed” page of “Navigation” panel.
For display of STW data, see paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential)

Information.
38 NAVI-SAILOR 4000/4100 ECDIS (v. 2.00.011). Functional Description

COG/SOG
Speed data COG/SOG could received from the (D)LOG in VBW sentences or from
Positioning system in VTG message.
For display of COG/SOG, see paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential)

Information.
Depth
Data on the depth values under the keel is supplied to the NS 4000 MFD by
the echosounder in DBT and DPT message. Connection of the echo sounder
(ECHOSOUNDER) is made on “Sensors” page in the System Configuration utility.
The depth value is shown on “System Information” display.
Time
Time data is received in ZDA sentences from the Positioning source (UTC sensor).
Connection of the UTC sensor is made on “Sensors” page in the System
Configuration utility.
For display of time data, see paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential) Information.
Display of Navigational (Essential) Information

General
The main navigational information implies the following data:
• Time;
• Position;
• COG;
• SOG;
• Heading;
• Speed (STW).
This data is supplied to the NS 4000 MFD by the relevant sensors.
If the data was not supplied, or has not passed appropriate checks, it is displayed
in accordance with the algorithms described below. The following possible cases
can be singled out:
• data from sensor is not available or the checksum is incorrect;

• data has not passed validity, plausibility checks.

No Input, No Data or Corrupted Checksum Situation

Described below, as an example, is the system behaviour in the absence of data
on the own ship position:
• No information is supplied by the sensor, or the sentences have an incorrect
checksum (if the sentences have an incorrect checksum, they are not processed,
i.e. they are considered to be absent):
Time Chart display System data/GUI display Alarm
T<10 Ship symbol and vectors None
sec in ordinary colour
T≥10 The ship symbol freezes The sensor name is shown in SENS Prim
sec in the last calculated data. red, data is shows as red sensor: no Input
No motion vector is displayed. coloured “*” symbols:
The ship symbol turns red
and flickers
• Some information is supplied from the sensor, but no data required for the indicator
in question is received (e.g., the necessary fields in a sentence are empty):
T<10 Ship symbol and vectors None
T≥10 The ship symbol freezes The sensor name is shown in SENS Prim posn:
sec in the last calculated data. red, data is shown as red no data
No motion vector is displayed. coloured “*” symbols:
The ship symbol turns red
and flickers
With other sensors, the system behaves in much the same way except for the display
on the chart panel. This also refers to the sensors, which transmit non-essential data, too:
• water temperature;
• wind direction and speed.
Data Has Not Passed Validity or Plausibility Check

Described below, as an example, is the system behaviour for the own ship position data:
• If validity check is not passed:
T<10 Ship symbol and vectors No
T≥10 The ship symbol turns red Data is shown as red coloured SENS Prim
sec symbols: posn invalid

• If plausibility check is not passed:

T<10 Ship symbol and vectors No
T≥10 The ship symbol turns red Data is shown as red coloured “*” SENS Prim
sec symbols: posn invalid
With other sensors, the system behaves in much the same way except for the display
on the chart panel.
Consistent Common Reference System

General
To ensure the supply of non-ambiguous information to NS 4000 MFD components,
the NS 4000 MFD uses the so-called “consistent common reference system” which
implies the following:
• referencing to same place and time;

• compensation for latency.
The validity and plausibility check is carried out at the previous data processing
stage. Failure to pass these checks, triggers off relevant alarms.
The CCRS is ensuring that all parts of the NS 4000 MFD are provided with the same
type of data from the same source.
Referencing to Same Place

For a consistent reference point, the NS 4000 MFD uses the Conning Station which
all the space oriented information is referenced to (e.g., ship and targets position,
ERBL, etc.).
In case of loss of heading, the reference point moves to the centre of the ship.
Conning Station position in the ship system of coordinates is determined
by the settings made in the System Configuration utility on “Ship Settings” page:
Referencing to Same Time

Time in the NS 4000 MFD supplied by the GPS. Time from GPS, being more
accurate, is considered to be the main one, and is used for system time
synchronising. Each time message (ZDA) is received from GPS (UTC sensor),
check is made of the set 2 sec limit between the time from GPS and system time.
If the difference exceeds this limit, time is equalised with GPS (UTC sensor).

Compensation for latency

Data latency in the NS 4000 MFD is consistent with the data requirements of
the individual parts and their relevant international standards. The maximum data
delay in the NS 4000 MFD does not exceed 1 sec, so no compensation for latency
is performed.
Compensations for Navigational Data

Position Offset
Correction of the Ship Position
If a constant-value error is identified in the ship positioning from any system,
it can be taken into account. To this end, the ECDIS task implements a function
for the correction of ship position coordinates. The corrected coordinate values
are displayed until the user changes them again.
The correction to ship position coordinates, which is entered in the ECDIS task
and has a value other than zero, produces an appropriate change in the ship symbol
position. In the ECDIS task, corrected coordinates are shown on the Control panel
in the “Primary” or/and “Secondary” windows, the fact that such correction is taken
into account is indicated by a special symbol: a red triangle:
Input of a position offset is made for every sensor on the “Ship Position” page
of the ECDIS MASTER task’s “Navigation” panel by using the following procedures:
• manual input of correction; corrections defined in the form of a numeric

increment to the ship position coordinates are entered in Offset field
with appropriate N/S and E/W characters;
• input of correction by the cursor position; in this method, corrections are
calculated automatically as a difference between the coordinates specified
by the cursor and produced by the positioning system.
The calculated correction is used for correcting coordinates received from
the positioning system for the entire NS 4000 MFD network configuration.
The correction entered for the ship position coordinates, regardless of the input
method, has a constant value. With a change of the correction value, its input
operation is required to be repeated.
To stop the effect of the correction, press Cancel offset button for the appropriate
position source, whereupon the coordinates received from this source only will
determine the ship position.
Magnetic Compass
With the use of a magnetic compass, heading data is supplied in the HDG sentence.
In this case, deviation is taken into account if the magnetic heading sensor supplies
it. The magnetic declination which is taken into account, is entered manually
or taken from the ECDIS task database with the Auto button pressed on “Heading”
page of the ECDIS MASTER task “Navigation” panel.

Gyro
In up-to-date gyros, deviation is offset automatically. To this end, connected
to the gyro are position and speed sensors. If no such offset is available, it should be
entered manually on the “Heading” page of the ECDIS MASTER task “Navigation”
panel as per table below. In this table, speed deviation is provided in the ship’s
compass heading function for the speed of 10 knots. To determine speed deviation
for other speeds, it is necessary to multiply the value obtained from the table
by the coefficient equal to the ration of the ship’s actual speed to 10.
Speed deviations in the compass course function (for the ship speed of 10 knots). Beginning:
Compass heading Sailing latitude
0° 30° 40° 50° 55° 60° 65° 70°
- + + -
0° 180° 180° 360° 0.64 0.74 0.84 0.98 1.11 1.27 1.51 1.86
10 170 190 350 0.63 0.72 0.82 0.97 1.09 1.25 1.45 1.83
20 160 200 340 0.60 0.69 0.78 0.93 1.05 1.20 1.41 1.75
30 150 210 330 0.54 0.63 0.72 0.86 0.97 1.10 1.31 1.61
40 140 220 320 0.48 0.56 0.64 0.76 0.85 0.97 1.15 1.42
50 130 230 310 0.41 0.47 0.53 0.63 0.71 0.82 0.97 1.17
60 120 240 300 0.30 0.37 0.41 0.49 0.50 0.64 0.75 0.93
70 110 250 290 0.21 0.25 0.28 0.33 0.38 0,43 0.51 0.63
80 100 260 280 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.22 0.26 0.32
90 90 270 270 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Speed deviations in the compass course function (for the ship speed of 10 knots). Continued:
Compass heading Sailing latitude
73° 75° 76° 77° 78° 79° 80°
- + + -
0° 180° 180° 360° 2.18 2.46 2.63 2.83 3.06 3.34 3.66
10 170 190 350 2.14 2.42 2.59 2.78 3.01 3.28 3.62
20 160 200 340 2.04 2.31 2.47 2.66 2.88 3.14 3.45
30 150 210 330 1.89 2.13 2.28 2.45 2.65 2.89 3.18
40 140 220 320 1.67 1.88 2.01 2.16 2.34 2.55 2.85
50 130 230 310 1.28 1.58 1.69 1.82 1.97 2.15 2.36
60 120 240 300 1.69 1.23 1.32 1.42 1.53 1.67 1.84
70 110 250 290 0.74 0.85 0.89 0.96 1.04 1.19 1.24
80 100 260 280 0.37 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.52 0.57 0.64
90 90 270 270 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Draft
Compensation of sounder readings due to varying ship draft is made for each
sounder on the “Echosounder” page of the ECDIS MASTER task “Navigation” panel.

Navigational Sensors Selection

Manual Selection
Selection of Position Source
Use “Ships Position” page to select the primary and secondary positioning systems.
To select, activate PRIM and SEC buttons.
“Ship Position” page displays all the connected coordinates sensors, as well as
Dead Reckoning (DR) and Echo Reference (ER) modes.
PRIM source data is used for making all the calculations in the navigational system.
SEC source is a hot backup for Fallback functionality.
The primary and secondary positioning systems cannot be selected simultaneously

for one and the same source.
The own ship position sensor name includes:
• differential mode is taken from the sentence;

• source number is assigned in the System Configuration utility;
• source alies is assigned in the System Configuration utility:
You may select a source with invalid data, which is shown in red. In this case,
the screen displays a dialogue box requesting permission to select.
It is not possible to choose a source, which no data arrives in.

Selection of Heading Source

On “Heading” page, select a heading source whose data will henceforth be used
for making all the calculations in the system.
“Heading” page shows all the connected heading sensors. The heading sensors
name includes alias assigned in the System Configuration utility.
To select the main source, activate the button with the source name. The selected
source data is used for making all the calculations in the navigation system.
Magnetic compass may be selected as a course source; magnetic variation

is available either for manual selection or from the database (see section
Compensations for Navigational Data, paragraph Magnetic Compass).
Selection of STW Source

Use “Speed” page to select a source of speed through the water whose data will
henceforth be used for making all the calculations in the system.
STW sources group on “Speed” page shows all the connected sensors of speed through
the water. The speed sensors name includes alias is assigned in the System
To select the main source, activate the button with the source name.

Selection of SOG Source

Use “Speed” page to select a source of speed over the ground whose data will
henceforth be used for making all the calculations in the systems.
SOG sources group on “Speed” page shows all the connected sensors of speed over
the ground. The speed sensors name includes alias is assigned in the System
the screen s displays a dialogue box requesting permission to select.
Selection of Depth Source

Use “Echosounder” page to select a source of depth whose data will henceforth
be used for making all the calculations in the systems.
“Echosounder” page shows all the connected depth sensors and data from
the electronic chart and tidal height.
To select the main source, activate the button with the source name. The depth
sensors name includes alias is assigned in the System Configuration utility.
It is not possible to choose a source which no data arrives in.

Automatic Source Selection with Actuation of Fallback Functionality

Fallback functionality implies use of backup data source in case of the main source
failure. Fallback functionality is implemented for the following essential data:
• Position. Sec. position source is used for the backup source, which is set on
“Ship position” page of “Navigation” panel. If Sec. position source is not set,
there is no switch to the backup;
• Heading. The second gyro is used for a backup. The magnetic compass is not
used for a backup source;
• STW. The second log is used for a backup source.
By default, there is compulsory Fallback actuation in the case of the sensor failure.
Sensor Failure
The backup data source is switched to when the following alarms are triggered
off (for alarm generation algorithm, see paragraph Display of Navigational
(Essential) Information):
• no input;
• no data;
• invalid data.
If the main data source does not recover its functions within the set time after
the alarm generation, Fallback warning is activated, the system switches over to
the backup source. The timeout is set to 5 sec. There is no switchover to the backup
source unless it has passed all the necessary checks.

Differential Mode Lost

A switchover to the backup data source occurs with a differential mode loss
by the ship’s position sensor (the letter “D” in the source name stops to be
displayed). If the differential mode is not recovered within the set time after its loss,
Position Fallback warning is actuated, and the system switches over to the backup
source. The timeout is set to 15 sec. There is no switchover to the backup source
unless it operates in the differential mode.
Automatic Restoration Function

After the main data source has restored its regular operation, there is no automatic
switchover back to it. Upon expiry of the set time, there is a user request to restore
it as the main data source. The timeout is set to 10 sec.
If “OK” is pressed, the system switches over to this data source.

Other Sensors
OTHER SENSORS
Wind Interface
Data on the wind speed and force is supplied by the wind sensor according
to IEC 61162-1 (MWV sentence specifying the relative or true wind).
The table shows the content of information displayed in “System Information” panel
in accordance with available NMEA sentences.
Data available MWD VWR MWV

for NS 4000 MFD
Relative Theoretical
Only wind sensor True wind Relative wind Relative wind No information
displayed
Wind + COG + True wind Relative wind Relative wind No information
SOG displayed
Wind + HDG True wind Relative wind Relative wind True wind
Wind + HDG + • True wind; • Relative wind; • Relative wind; • True wind;
COG + SOG • Relative wind • True wind • True wind • Relative wind
re-calculated re-calculated re-calculated re-calculated
from true from relative from relative from true
Wind data can be displayed in three ways:
• true wind value is received – shown on “System Information” (True Wind) display;
• relative wind value is received – shown on “System Information” (Relative Wind) display;
• if correct data from the gyro (HDG) and positioning system (COG and SOG)
is available, wind is re-calculated from relative to true if the relative wind sensor
is installed, and the other way round; if the positioning system is DR, correct
data from the gyro (HDG) and log (STW – relative or ground speed) can be used
for wind recalculations.
Wind recalculations from relative to true and the other way round are made
according to the algorithm shown below:
The necessary condition for the wind re-calculations in the ECDIS task
is the availability of:
• compass course value (HDG);

• vector of the ship motion over the ground (COG/SOG).
It is necessary to remember the two main rules for re-calculating wind from relative
to true:
• relative wind is blowing in the same side as the true wind;

• the relative wind’s track angle is always smaller than the true wind track angle.

Other Sensors
On the ECDIS task screen, the true wind vector can be displayed in two modes:
• wind vector;
• wind card.
Wind vectors are shown on the ECDIS task screen in accordance with its
designation on the traditional sea weather charts.
Wind card represents a circle in the top right corner of the Chart panel. An arrow
with a digital value shows the wind direction, and its speed is shown as a digital
value in the centre.
Modes are switched on the “Route Monitoring” page of the “Monitoring” panel
(see NAVI-SAILOR 4000/4100 ECDIS (V. 2.00.011). USER MANUAL
document, Chapter 11, Obtaining Current System Information section).
Drift
If data is available from the EPFS, compass and log (COG, SOG, HDG, STW),
an additional ship motion parameter is calculated: drift. The drift characteristics (direction
and speed) are determined as the difference of COG-SOG and HDG-STW vectors.
The ECDIS task makes drift calculations if there is correct data supplied by the compass,
log and positioning system (HDG, STW, COG, SOG). With the use of speed vector
triangle, the drift direction and speed are calculated from the trigonometric formulae.
The drawing below shows an example of drift calculations in the graphic form.

Other Sensors
The drift characteristics are shown on “System Information” display of the Control panel.
Temperature
Data on the sea water temperature is supplied by the temperature sensor according
to IEC 61162-1 standard in MTW sentence. MTW sentence always uses Celsius
scale (ºС) and degrees for the measurement unit. The temperature is shown
on “System Information” display.
Temperature measurement units are set on “Basic Chart Panel” page of System
Configuration utility. In the NS 4000 MFD, data from the temperature sensor can be
displayed in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit. The NS 4000 MFD uses
the following formulae for converting temperature scales:
5 9
C= (F − 32°) or F = (C + 32°) , where:
9 5
С – is sea water temperature in degrees Celsius;
F – is sea water temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
YEOMAN Digitiser
In combination with the NS 4000 MFD, YEOMAN digitiser can operate in two modes:
• NA – Navigate Mode (where data from the NS 4000 MFD is passed to YEOMAN);
• WPT – Waypoint Mode (where data from YEOMAN is passed to the NS 4000 MFD).
Referencing of YEOMAN to the Paper Chart

If it is the first time that a certain paper charts is used for operation with the digitiser,
the chart should be referenced. If, however, this chart has already once been referenced
to YEOMAN, it should be retrieved from YEOMAN memory (memory for 99 charts).
For referencing, it is necessary to plot three base points on the paper chart and
to specify their coordinates to the digitiser, one by one. The base point should be
spaced far enough and make up a right triangle. The legs of this triangle are
the latitude and longitude. The base points will further be needed, so it is necessary
to highlight then and not erase from the chart.
The chart base points entered in YEOMAN are automatically saved by it under its
own numbers (memory for 99 charts). In the future, whenever you need to use this
chart, you will have to call it from YEOMAN memory and confirm the positions
of base points.
After the chart has been referenced, the digitiser screen will constantly display
coordinates of the lens centre on the paper chart. You can now switch YEOMAN
to one of the two modes (NA or WPT).

Other Sensors
YEOMAN Operation in Navigate Mode

In NAVIGATE MODE (NA), YEOMAN every second receives from the NS 4000
MFD coordinates of the ship position (in the standard ECDIS task mode) or
coordinates of the graphic cursor (where one of the functions using the graphic
cursor is involved: Review, Zoom, etc.).
ATTENTION!
As all the electronic charts used in the ECDIS task are based on WGS-84 datum,
during the operation with YEOMAN digitiser it is necessary to use paper charts only
which are based on WGS-84 datum.
In this mode, indicators light up on the YEОMAN showing the direction in which
the digitiser should be moved in order to bring the position of the digitiser lens centre
in coincidence with the coordinates it has received. If such coincidence is achieved,
the indicators will go out.
This mode is handy for the route planning on the paper chart from the data received
from the ship position sensor via the ECDIS task. In addition, this mode is very
useful for the comparison of information shown on the electronic chart with paper
chart information.
YEOMAN Operation in Waypoint Mode

In Waypoint Mode (WPT), coordinates of YEOMAN lens centre are transmitted
to the ECDIS task.
This mode produces no effect while the ECDIS task is operating in a standard
manner. If, however, involved in the ECDIS task operation is any function using
the graphic cursor, this mode becomes indispensable for the transfer of any data
from the paper chart to the ECDIS task.
In WPT mode, the user can perform the following operations:
• to transfer a previously made route plan to the ECDIS task. To do this, call the ECDIS
task New function on “Route Editor” panel. Then set YEOMAN in the planned route’s
initial point and press <Enter> button on it, then move it to the next point and press
button again, and so on, until the last point of the planned route;
• to cut out a paper chart fragment to be displayed on the ECDIS task screen.
To do this, call the ECDIS task Zoom function. Then use the digitiser to indicate
the position, first, of the top left corner ( button), and then of the right bottom
corner ( button again) of the fragment;
• to obtain information on individual objects plotted on the paper chart. To do this,
turn on the ECDIS task Info function, position the digitiser on the paper chart
object, then press button. The ECDIS task screen will display all
the necessary information;
• to transfer updating and other data for the user chart generation from the paper
chart (New Object button on “Add Info” panel);
• make manual correction of the ship position in DR mode by transferring the ship
position coordinates from the paper chart to the ECDIS task (By cursor button
of “Position sources” page on “Navigation” panel).
And many other things. To list all the YEOMAN capabilities in WPT mode would
require the mentioning of all the ECDIS task functions using the graphic cursor.
The use of YEOMAN actually provides the user with another ECDIS task control
(apart from the trackball and keyboard).

CHAPTER 3
Navigational Tools
This chapter provides a description of functionality used
in the Navigation Mode.

ECDIS Task Cursors
ECDIS TASK CURSORS
Free Cursor
The ECDIS task provides a capability to use a free cursor, which is moved over
the entire screen by the trackball/mouse acquiring various forms in different ECDIS
task areas.
In the functional panel areas, the cursor acquires the form of an arrow and operates
as a standard Windows cursor.
Free Cursor in Main Panel

In the chart area of “Main” panel, the cursor may have a form of different tools switched
by pressing the right trackball/mouse button:
• Free View cursor.

View cursor has some additional capabilities as it is positioned on certain objects
acquiring a distinctive form in the process:
– standard View cursor shape; as the left trackball/mouse button
is pressed, Review function is turned on, whilst the cursor acquires
the form of a graphics cursor;
– View cursor appearance when positioned on a target; a press

on the left trackball/mouse button calls the target data card;
– View cursor appearance when positioned on a lighthouse; a press

on the left trackball/mouse button calls the lighthouse data card;
– View cursor appearance when positioned on a waypoint; a press

on the left trackball/mouse button calls the WPT data card.
Chapter 3. Navigational Tools 55

ECDIS Task Cursors
In the Navigation mode, it is possible to view charts in an area located far from
the own ship symbol position, the capability implemented in Review function. It
activates the graphic cursor moved by the mouse/trackball on the ECDIS task
screen. Data on the cursor coordinates and position relative to the ship position
is displayed in a special window:
While the sailing areas not covering the ship position are viewed, the display
of the current ship coordinates, or tracking of objects representing danger to
navigation, is not interrupted. For the immediate return to the display of the area
where the ship is located, use Ahead function.
• Free Zoom cursor.

Standard Zoom cursor appearance. A press on the left trackball/ mouse
button turns on Zoom function whilst the cursor assumes the form of
graphic cursor.
• Free ERBL cursor.
Standard ERBL cursor appearance. A press on the left trackball/mouse
button turns on ERBL function whilst the cursor assumes the form
of a graphic cursor. After a second press on the left trackball/mouse
button, the cursor obtains the second form of the graphic cursor.
This is an electronic tool used in the ECDIS task for the range and bearing
measurements.
Note: WGS 84 datum is used for the calculations of all the ranges and directions.

ECDIS Task Cursors
In the relative motion mode, the ERBL operates in three modes which are
switched with the left trackball/mouse button:
– ERBL-Relative mode. In this case, bearing and range to any point on
the ECDIS task screen are measured relative to the ship position. The cursor
is attached to the point of the ECDIS task screen where it is set. If the cursor
is immobile, then as the ship is moving, geographic coordinates are changing
in the cursor information window, whereas the bearing and range remain
constant:
– ERBL-True mode. In this case, bearing and range to any electronic chart
point are measured relative to the ship position. The cursor is attached to the
chart point where it is set. If the cursor is immobile, then as the ship is
moving, the range and bearing are changing in the cursor information
window, whereas the geographic coordinates remain constant:
– ERBL mode. In this case, the bearing and range to any electronic chart point are
measured relative to the point where the cursor was set in ERBL-True mode:
In the true motion mode, the ERBL operates in a similar manner in two modes:
ERBL-True and ERBL.

ECDIS Task Cursors
• Free Info cursor.
As Info function is enabled (by pressing button on the Control panel

or on the Chart panel), the acquisition marker appears which can
be positioned on the necessary object. A press on the left trackball/
mouse button opens “Info” panel, and the cursor assumes the form
of a standard Info cursor.
• ARPA acquisition cursor with target acquisition function ON.
(Acquire button on “ARPA Settings” window of “Radar Settings” display
is pressed, also see Chapter 8, section ARPA);
• AIS activation cursor;
• Cursor for cancelling ARPA tracking;
• AIS deactivation cursor.
Free Cursor in Dual Panel

In the chart area of “Dual” panel, the free cursor has two forms:
• ERBL cursor whose functions are similar to the functions of ERBL cursor
in “Main” panel;
• Ship cursor.
Standard Ship cursor form. A press on the left trackball/mouse button
places the ship symbol in the cursor position.
Graphic Cursor
The graphic cursor is used during the operation of some of ECDIS task functions
and represents an intersection of lines corresponding to the latitude and longitude
of the given point, but the form of the graphic cursor can be changed as required
on “Config” panel:
• Long – the cursor is shown in the form of an intersection of two lines

across the entire Chart panel;
• Short – the cursor is shown in the form of a small cross.
Such cursor is moved by using the trackball/mouse. It is also possible to manually enter
the coordinates of the point where the cursor should be positioned (after switching
the activity from the cursor to the Information window by pressing <Tab> key).

Multi-Units Support
Besides, during the operation with the digitiser connected to the NS 4000 MFD,
its executive buttons can be used for the control of the graphic cursor operation,
see Chapter 2, section Other Sensors, paragraph YEOMAN Digitaser.
The Information window which appears in the menu area simultaneously

with the graphic cursor, can contain the following data:
• name of this window reflecting the ECDIS task functional capability using
the graphics cursor;
• cursor position coordinates;
• values of its direct and reverse bearings and distance from the ownship position;
• CPA/TCPA to the place indicated with the cursor.
A modification of the graphic cursor is an acquisition marker. This auxiliary tool
represents a square orange coloured box with a dot in the centers, and is used
in various functions for the acquisition of objects displayed on the ECDIS task
screen. To control the acquisition marker and obtain information on its position,
use the procedure similar to that detailed for the graphic cursor.
MULTI-UNITS SUPPORT
The NS 4000 MFD provides a capability to use different measurement units.
It is possible to set measurement units for the following values:
• Own ship and target speed in knots (kt) or kilometres per hour (km/h);
• Distance in miles (NM), kilometres (km), statute miles (stm) or hectometres (hm);
• Precision distance in metres (m), feet (ft) or yards (yrd);
• Depths and heights in metres (m), feet (ft) or fathoms (fms);
• Draught in metres (m) or feet (ft);
• Wind speed in metres per second (m/s), kilometres per hour (km/h) or knots (kt);
• Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) or degrees Fahrenheit (°F);
Measurement units are set on “Units” page on the “Config” panel.
It should be noted that the selected units would be the same for all the depth and
height values in the NS 4000 MFD. This refers to the chart data, depth information
received from the sounder and information on tides.
On the electronic charts, the depth are displayed according to the following rules
depending on the selected measurement units:
• depth is measured in metres;

Own Ship Motion Data
• depth is measured in feet;
• depth is measured in fathoms. In this case, depth of up to 11 fathoms which

have a fractional part, are shown in fathoms and feet. Depths of more than
11 fathoms are shown in fathoms only.
OWN SHIP MOTION DATA
Own Ship Motion Parameters

Ship motion parameters are its course and speed.
The ECDIS task uses the following types of parameters:
• ship’s true motion direction – COG;

• true speed – SOG;
• compass course – HDG;
• log speed – STW.
Course (HDG) and speed (STW) data is provided from the gyro and log or is relayed
from the information sensors.
Along with the ship positioning and ship time sensor, information on the own ship motion
data is essential for all the navigational calculations connected with the own ship motion.
Own Ship Motion Vectors

Motion vector is used for the graphic display of the ship course and speed.
There may be two such vectors, and they correspond to the positioning system:
• COG – SOG;
• HDG – STW.
No display of vectors is provided for the secondary method. In case of the primary
method, it is possible to turn on the display of two vectors simultaneously
(COG-SOG and HDG-STW). The point of origin of these vectors display
is the CCRP (Conning Station):

The display of vectors is enabled on “Route Monitoring” page of “Monitoring” panel.
Switching of the own ship symbol display orientation along the ship’s true motion
(COG) vector, or along the vector of the ship’s motion is performed by using
Align by... function on “Route Monitoring” page of “Monitoring” panel:
• orientation of the own ship symbol display along the ship’s true motion (COG) vector:
• orientation of the own ship symbol display along the vector of the ship’s motion
as per the course detector (gyro) reading:
Operation on the setting of the motion vector length for both own ship and
the targets, is performed by using Vectors combo box in the Control panel window:
Vector length values may vary from 1 to 24 minutes:
In addition, it is possible to set the fixed vector length value (which does not change
with the change of the chart scale) – Fixed. In this case, the speed vector length is
represented by a segment whose value is equal to the fixed number of graphic
pixels regardless of the current screen scale.
Ship Symbol on the Electronic Charts

Standard Presentation
The ECDIS task provides for two positioning systems: Primary and Secondary
whose accuracy ensures navigational safety. The ship symbol on the ECDIS task
screen is shown in black colour (primary system) or blue (secondary system).
The secondary positioning system performs the check functions.
There are two ways to display the ship symbol on the electronics chart,
set on “Route Monitoring” page of “Monitoring” panel:

• Ship by contour – as a ship contour on the chart scales commensurate

with the ship dimensions, or a ship position symbol on small scale charts;
• Ship by symbol – as a ship position symbol regardless of the current

screen scale.
User Ship Contour

User ship contour function serves for displaying the own ship contour on the ECDIS
task Chart panel, proportionate to its actual dimensions specified in the drawings
and ship documents. This function is intended for improving navigational safety
of ships with non-standard shape (tugboats, military ships, special purpose vessels),
as well as of standard sea ships in the constricted areas, on the fairways, during
the stay at anchor or mooring operations, etc.
The drawing of the own ship contour is loaded in the NS 4000 MFD system from
an external carrier via Data Tool utility (User Ship Contour group). The necessary own
ship contour is selected in the System Configuration utility.
ATTENTION!
After installing the own ship contour, check if these contour dimensions correspond
to the ship dimensions entered in System Configuration utility (“INS” panel,
“Ship settings” page).
For this function to be used in the NS 4000 MFD, it is necessary to order an appropriate
option (delivered to the user as a special file).
To obtain the own ship contour display file in the NS 4000 MFD system format, it is
necessary to supply, at the time of placing the order, the data on the ship’s principal
(overall) horizontal dimensions, and a schematic picture of the ship contour in the format
of a file with one of the following extensions: *.doc, *.bmp, *.pdf, *.jpg, *.tif.
The schematic picture of the ship contour should be made up of straight lines with
the description of dimensions for the unique determining of their lengths.

EBL/VRM
EBL/VRM
This function is intended for displaying the electronic bearing line (EBL) and variable
range marker (VRM) on the ECDIS task Chart panel.
The system has a capability to simultaneously display two mutually independent
EBL/VRM groups on the Chart panel, which also allows setting the bearing and
distance of the base point shift relative to the current ship position.
Control of the function is from “EBL/VRM” display, which is selected from

the drop-down list on the ECDIS task control panel or from ES3/ES6 keyboard.
RELATIVE AND TRUE MOTION MODES

Two modes are used for the display of the ship motion on the Chart panel:
• True Motion mode (turned on by pressing button on the Chart panel);
• Relative Motion mode (turned on by pressing button on the Chart panel).

Split Screen
SPLIT SCREEN
Display of Chart Information on the ECDIS Task Screen

Two Chart panels are provided for the ECDIS task operation in the navigation mode:
“Main” and “Dual”. “Main” panel is the main Chart panel which is intended
for the following purposes:
• display of electronic charts showing the chart information classes

(determined on “Charts” panel);
• display of own ship symbol with motion vectors;
• display of the monitored route;
• display of target symbols with motion vectors;
• display of hydrometeorology information.
“Main” panel is always displayed on the ECDIS task screen; “Dual” panel is
displayed by using the tab in the bottom part of the ECDIS task screen. “Dual” panel
is an additional Chart panel and serves for the navigation mode only. It constantly
shows the own ship symbol, but does not show the targets, some of the functions
are not available (Ahead, Info, etc.).

Split Screen
For an easier monitoring of the passing of waypoint during the sailing along
the route, “Dual” panel implements AutoZoom mode.
Auto Zoom Mode

During the sailing along the monitored route, the ECDIS task provides AutoZoom
functionality, which enables the automatic increase of scale as the next waypoint
is approached. AutoZoom mode is available on “Dual” panel only.
The mode is turned on by pressing button, as this is done, the chart display
on “Dual” panel gets is oriented by the current route leg (Course Up),
and the relative motion mode sets (Relative motion).
The ECDIS task analyses DTW at an interval set in Time of update window. As DTW is
decreasing, the ECDIS task increases the scale by one fixed scale value so that the ship
position remains within “Dual” panel. With the ship approaching the boundary of “Dual”
panel in the process of manoeuvres, the scale may be reduced by one fixed scale value.
Adjustment of AutoZoom mode is made on “General” page of “Config” panel:
• Maximum scale is the maximum electronic chart scale as the ship is passing
the current WPT on “Dual” panel;
• Time of update is the DTW analysis interval.
With a change of the WPT, the scale is set so that “Dual” panel displays the ship
symbol, current leg of the monitored route and the current WPT.

Docking Mode
DOCKING MODE
Purpose
This mode is intended for mooring operations, sailing in the restricted waters
at low speeds.
Display
The use of the Docking Mode (DM) is possible on large scales, the button
is available (not grayed) on scales of 1:7500 and larger.
As the DM is turned on, the following changes take place for the “Dual” Panel:
• HUp and RM modes are turned on automatically, the rest of modes
are not available as long as the button is depressed;
• the ship contour is centered in the middle of the window on the geometric center
of the contour;
• all the toolbar buttons and functions become inaccessible or accessible
with some restrictions: remaining available should be the change of scale
within 1:7500 to larger interval and the Ship cursor is not available, available
is only the ERBL cursor;
• HDG-STW, COG-SOG vectors are not displayed;
• the “Dual” panel displays vectors of the longitudinal, as well as bow and stern
transverse velocity components;
• the speed value for each of the vectors is also displayed;
• the longitudinal component originates in the ship centre, the bow and stern
transverse components – in the DLOG head conning and DLOG stern conning points
whose position is set on the “Ship settings” page in the System Configuration
utility (see also the next paragraph).

Docking Mode
The speed source is selected on the “Docking Mode” display.
For the speed source, the DLOG or the SOG sensor can be selected.
If the DLOG is selected for the speed source, the display shows the longitudinal and
transverse components of speed through the water and over the ground from
the VBW sentence. To select the speed (STW or SOG) which will be shown on
the “Dual” panel, use the Water and Bottom option buttons.
If there is no value of the stern transverse ground speed in the VBW sentence,
the calculated value is displayed if the appropriate Calc button is activated
(see also next paragraph).
If the SOG sensor is selected for the speed source, the “Dual” panel will display
the longitudinal and transverse components of the speed over the ground.
In this case, the SOG source set on the “Speed” page of the “Navigation” panel
serves as the speed source. The longitudinal and transverse components are
calculated with regard to the ROT sensor data, and where this is not available, by
the change in the gyro compass readings. The COG-SOG vector direction is shown
with a double arrow.
Vectors on the “Dual” panel are drawn in accordance with the vector value entered
on the Control panel, just like for HDG-STW, COG-SOG vectors (see also
the Own Ship Motion Data section under Own Ship Motion Vectors).
History functionality is available on the same scales as the DM.

Docking Mode
When the History is turned on, the “Dual” panel screen shows symbols of
the previous ship contour positions. There is a capability to adjust the number
of displayed symbols and time plots between them: from 1 to 15 symbols and from
1 to 30 seconds respectively.
The History does not memorise the preceding ship position; symbols
are not displayed until the button is pressed on the “Dual” panel Toolbar.
Symbols look like a dashed contour; if a user ship contour (*.fne) is selected,
it is a standard dashed contour which should be displayed rather than the user
ship contour.
The History settings are available in the “Config” panel.
Calculations
Position of the transverse ground speed sensors (DLOG head sensor and DLOG stern
sensor) which will be used for calculations in the NS 4000 MFD, is set on the “Ship
settings” page in the System Configuration utility. On the same page, you can set
positions of points, which the calculated vectors will originate from when displayed
on the NS 4000 MFD “Dual” panel (DLOG head conning and DLOG stern conning).
The longitudinal speed vector should originate in the center of the ship.
Where the value of the stern transverse ground speed is not available in the VBW
sentence, the value is calculated.
The stern transverse speed is calculated from the following input parameters:
• DLOG – “transverse ground speed” parameter – Vt DLOG;

• GYRO/ROT – “ROT” parameter – ω;
• L coefficient is a distance from the DLOG antenna to the point in the stern
whose speed is required to be calculated.
Vt K = Vt DLOG + 2πω × L
If the sensor does not supply ROT value, the ROT value should be calculated
from the course alteration.

Man Overboard (MOB) Mode
MAN OVERBOARD (MOB) MODE
General Information
MOB mode enables the display of information on a geographic point saved
at a certain time. It is made available by pressing a hotkey on the keyboard or
button on the Chart panel toolbar. As this is done, the system makes
an logbook entry which contains the name of the event: “MOB ENABLED”
and a full set of recorded parameters.
Displayed Parameters
As MOB mode is activated, the Control panel displays a panel shown below:
The following parameters can be displayed:
• coordinates of MOB mode activation;

• time elapsed since MOB mode was activated;
• bearing from the ship current position to the activation point;
• distance from the ship current position to the activation point.
Additional Control
A press on Set time… button opens a box for setting the MOB event time.
After the time has been specified, MOB point is set in the own ship track point
closest to the entered time.
A press on Set pos… opens a box shown below used for setting the coordinates:

Navigation Presice Tools
After the input of coordinates, MOB display is re-drawn to suit the entered data
(e.g. upon receipt of coordinates from another ship).
A second press on MOB button in the Chart panel turns МОВ mode off, and
“Display Panel” window assumes the previous appearance. As this occurs,
an electronic log entry containing “MOB DISABLED” event name, is made.
NAVIGATION PRESICE TOOLS
Predictor
The Predictor function is intended for displaying the ship position over the user-set
time interval (from 1 to 6 minutes with a 15 second interval). There is a capability to
use two prediction types: simple and adaptive.
The simple prediction uses the following data:
• Heading;
• STW;
• ROT;
• COG;
• SOG.
The adaptive predictor is used for single rudder ships, with the rest of rudder types
correctness is not warranted. In addition to the data listed above for the simple
prediction, the following data should necessarily be available:
• Rudder angle;
• RPM.
The adaptive prediction provides more accurate prediction of the ship position during
the manoeuvres (use of the rudder and change of speed). The simple prediction is
more accurate in predicting the ship position in the mooring operations (additional
use of thrusters, tugboats).
Trial Manoeuvre
Trial Manoeuvre function is intended for improving safety of sailing in the waters
with intensive ship traffic. It can be used for calculating the own ship safe manoeuvre
parameters (course, speed, start time). The Trial Manoeuvre operating concept consists
in correlating target motion lines and the planned own ship motion line with the selection
of different parameters of the intended manoeuvre, like a new ship course, new ship
speed, time to the manoeuvre start and the ship turn radius.
The function is controlled from “Trial Manoeuvre” display; the program allows
the following parameters to be set on the display:
• the ship course after the manoeuvre start. This is done in Set CTW input window
by using the keyboard, trackball/mouse or buttons;
• own ship speed after the manoeuvre start; this is done in Set SPD input window
by using the keyboard, trackball/mouse or buttons;
• own ship turn radius in Radius input window (from 0.1 to 9.9 miles);
• length of the own ship and targets’ planned motion lines in the trial manoeuvre
in Trial line input window (from 1 to 24 minutes);

• time to the manoeuvre start in Delay input window (from 1 to 23 minutes); the Delay
parameter can be entered in both, minutes and miles; re-calculations use the ship’s
current SOG; the value of this parameter cannot exceed the length of the set own
ship motion line and is automatically corrected if it does.
Using Play button on the control display can also turn on “Trial Manoeuvre”. In this
mode, the turn radius, own ship new speed and length of the own ship planned motion
line are entered from the control panel. Using the trackball/mouse in the following way
changes the own ship new course and time to the manoeuvre start:
• the trackball/mouse up and down motion increases/decreases respectively

the value of the time before the manoeuvre;
• the trackball/mouse motion to the left and to the right decreases/increases
respectively the new course value.
The values of these parameters are displayed dynamically on the appropriate boxes
on the control panel.
After a press on the Show button, the ECDIS task screen displays the expected true
motion line (ETML) of the own ship and of the targets (ARPA and AIS). For the own
ship, the ETML is divided with dashes, each of them standing for a distance covered
in one minute, and six-minute intervals being marked with a notch, whilst the
manoeuvre delay time is shown with digits in the intended manoeuvre start point.
The ETML of targets is divided into minutes only.
The conjectured own ship track and targets ETMLs shown in different colours
depending on the availability of a dangerous approach to other vessels. In this case:
• green segments show that no dangerous approach is expected;

• red segments show that an approach is expected at a distance which is less
than the set CPA and TCPA values.

In the speed manoeuvre calculations, it is assumed that the main engine operating
mode at the manoeuvre start moment (Delay parameter) will be set in the position
selected in the Set SPD window, and that as the result of the manoeuvre the speed
cannot become negative. There may be the following main engine operating modes:
• Full;
• Half;
• Slow;
• Dead Slow;
• Stop.
Notations corresponding to the main engine ahead speed operation are shown
in the colour, astern and STOP – in the red colour.
If the “None” position is set (the notation is shown in black) it is assumed that there
will be no speed manoeuvre, and the ship will be proceeding at the current speed.
Manoeuvre calculations use the Pilot Card data on the ship manoeuvring characteristics
when loaded and in ballast, which is entered in the System Configuration utility
at the installation stage (see NAVI-SAILOR 4000/4100 ECDIS (V. 2.00.011).
INSTALLATION GUIDE, Chapter 2, NS 4000/4100 Configuration section,
NS 4000/4100 Settings paragraph).

If turn parameters are entered whereby the manoeuvre cannot be displayed within
the setline length, Invalid parameters. Manoeuvre can not be performed warning appears
in the bottom part of the display. Lines with such parameters are not displayed
on the Chart panel:
Until the Drop button is pressed, the own ship ETML is moving on the ECDIS task
screen together with the own ship mark. After a press on the button, the manoeuvre
is recorded, and the ETML is linked to the ECDIS task screen. As the ship is moving,
the number of minutes to the turn decreases. As this occurs, the total length of the line
remains equal to that set by the operator on “Trial Manoeuvre” page. If some manoeuvre
parameters are changed in the Drop mode, the mode is turned off.
Curved Heading Line

The Curved Heading Line functionality is intended for planning the ship’s turning
in to a new course or route. The Curved Heading Line operating concept consists
in planning the manoeuvre by selecting different manoeuvre parameters, namely,
the new ship course, time to the manoeuvre start and the ship turn radius.
The ECDIS task screen displays the own ship Expected Motion Line (EML)
which shows the ship position taking into account the selected turn parameters:
The function is controlled from “Curved Heading Line” display; the program allows
the following parameters to be set on the display:
• the ship course after the manoeuvre start. This is done in Set CTW input window
by using the keyboard, trackball/mouse or buttons (from 0 to 359.9 degree);
• own ship turn radius in Radius input window (from 0.1 to 9.99 NM);
• length of the own ship planned motion lines in the trial manoeuvre in Length input
window (from 0.1 to 10 NM);

• manoeuvre start in Delay input window; i.e. distance from the own ship position
to the manoeuvre wheel-over point (WOP);
• distance from the WOP to the beginning of the turn in F dist input window.
The Fdist value depends on the ship’s loaded/in ballast manoeuvring
characteristics, its input is protected with a password.
In the setting of EML parameters, the following inequality should be observed:

Length > Delay+F dist+Turn length
If the inequality is not observed, the “Requested CEBL is impossible” warning
is provided.
The Curved Heading Line functionality includes two modes:
• Carry – trial manoeuvre;

• Drop – manoeuvre accepting.
The EML parameters are set in the Carry mode. The EML origin is referenced to
the CCRP (Conning Station) and moves constantly together with the ship. Positions
of the 1 (Start), 2, 3, 4 and 5 (Finish) points are permanently re-calculated to take
into account the set values. In the Carry mode, the EML is shown in blues:

To turn on the Drop mode, twice press the Play button. As this is done, points 4 and
5 are referenced to those chart points where they were at the moment when the
button was pressed. Point 1 moves together with the ship. The Delay value and
positions of points 2 and 3 are permanently re-calculated. EML parameters cannot
be altered in the Drop mode. In the Drop mode, the EML is shown in pink.
When the distance between points 1 and 3 grows smaller than F dist, all the EML
points get referenced to the chart, and their position does not change.
With the setting of new parameters, the ECDIS task screen displays a new blue
coloured EML in the Carry mode.
By using the Curved Heading Line functionality you can also plan entry on
the monitored route. To do this requires monitoring of the end WPT on the leg,
which the entry is planned on. WPT1 in the case of the route beginning.
All the EML geometry conditions should also be fulfilled (see above), and the current
route leg direction should not be more than 145 degrees different from the current course.

Manually Fixed Position
MANUALLY FIXED POSITION
General Information
The Manually Fix Position method enables construction of the ship’s Lines
of Position (LOP) by measuring bearing and/or distance to a visible object whose
coordinates are known in advance (or the object can be uniquely identified on the
chart). LOP can further be used from entering ship position corrections and for other
navigational tasks. Up to 6 LOP’s can be constructed simultaneously. Work with
source data for the PL construction is done on “Manually Fix Position” display
of “Display Panel” window on the Control Panel.
Input of Source Data

Input of source data for the LOP construction (bearing and/or distance) can only
be made manually. Initially available is only 1 button. The rest of the buttons which
no measurements have been made for yet, are disabled.
By default, for the observation time in the Time field the current UTC time minus
5 minutes is specified. The user can set any time within minus 2 hours from
the current UTC time.
The bearing and/or range are entered in the relevant fields, which are enabled
depending on the selected measurement type.
The entered data is not accepted for processing by NS 4000 MFD until Apply button
is pressed. With Automatic jump to new LOP checkbox checked, there is an automatic
switch to the input of the next measurement results. In this case, D box shows the time
difference between the input of the first and current measurements, and it is the time
which is taken into account in the ship position calculations from the position lines.

On the chart panel, data accepted for processing NS 4000 MFD (Apply button
has been pressed), is displayed in the following way:
• Time – position fix time;

• Bearing – a blinking straight red coloured line to the point of the own ship track
where the ship was at the time specified in the Time box;
• Distance – blinking red coloured circle centred in the point of the own ship track
where the ship was at the time specified in the Time box.
The name of the Move and reference button is shown in red and is blinking.
Line of Position Referencing

After the input of measurement results, it is necessary to reference them
to the appropriate objects on the chart panel. Using Move and reference button
of “Manually Fix Position” also performs display the position line referencing.
The graphic cursor is positioned on the chart, and the LOP is moved to the required
object with the trackball/mouse. Click the left trackball/mouse button to fix the referencing
to the object. If referenced, LOP’s cannot change their direction, only a parallel shift
is possible. After referencing, LOP’s are displayed in the orange colour and end in
the reference object as shown in the drawing below.

If a position line is at a distance of 1 mile or more from the reckoned position,

it is shown in the red colour.
If during the referencing, the Snap to object function is turned on, with the LOP
beginning/centre within a circle with a radius of 0.5 mile from the reference object,
the LOP is automatically referenced to the object on the chart. As this occurs,
the Name box of the “Manually Fix Position” display shows, depending on the chart
format, the object name or type which is extracted from the object on the chart.
Object names are available for the S-57 charts only. For the TX-97 format charts,
the object type only is taken.

The table below provides examples of object types (S57 and TX-97 charts), which
extracts from the charts are available for.
S-57 format charts
No Object Description/Expected input INT
1 LNDMRK A prominent object at a fixed location which
(Land can be used in determining a location
marks) or a direction
Tower
Light support
The individual name of an object
2 BUISGL A relatively permanent structure, roofed
(Single and usually walled. It is designed for some
building) particular use which it may be important
to indicate (Digital Geographic Information
Working Group)
Light support
3 LITVES A distinctively marked vessel anchored or
(Light moored at a charted point, to serve as an aid to
vessels) navigation. By night, it displays a characteristic
light(s) and is usually equipped with other
devices, such as fog signal, submarine sound
signal, and radio-beacon, to assist navigation.
Also called light ship
4 LITFLT A boat-like structure used instead of a light
(Light float) buoy in waters where strong streams or
currents are experienced, or when a greater
elevation than that of a light buoy is necessary
5 OFSPLF Lighted offshore platform.
(Offshore A permanent offshore structure, either fixed
platform) or floating, used in the production of oil or
natural gas
6 BCNSPP A beacon is a prominent specially constructed
(Special object forming a conspicuous mark as a fixed
purpose aid to navigation or for use in hydrographic
beacon) survey
7 LNDMRK All the rest except for item1
(Land
marks)
8 BCNCAR
(Cardinal
beacon)
9 BCNLAT
(Lateral
beacon)
10 BCNSAV
(Safe water
beacon)
11 DAYMAR
(Squire or
rectangular
work)

TX-97 format charts

No Object Description\Expected input Comments
1 LH Light house General name – LH
2 BO 7 – Beacon General name – Fixed point
13 – Platform
23 – Fixed point
3 HG 2 – Building General names are per
3 – Chimney the Description column
4 – Church
6 – Tower
8 – Triangulation point
9 – Radio mast
The Delete button serves for deleting measurement data. The rest of LOP’s are
automatically shifted to the vacant place to the left (re-numbered). A press on the
Move and reference button again results in the repeated LOP referencing process.
If, in the process of repeated referencing, the user presses the right mouse button,
the current LOP referencing is cancelled. After referencing, the LOP’s are shown in the
constant orange colour. The name of the Move and reference button is shown in black.
Display of Calculated Ship Position

After the construction of two crossed position lines, the orange coloured symbol
with the letters EP (Estimated Position) appears on the chart panel in the point with
calculated ship position coordinates. Next to it, the time which this point is calculated
for, is specified.
RMS Error field on “Manually Fix Position” display shows accuracy of determining
a fixed position. The user can accept this accuracy at the stage of making a decision
on the input of an offset from the measurement results. Accuracy is determined from
the referenced LOP’s. Data is not available until at least 2 readings are taken.
If it is necessary to accept the results of manually fix position, use Accept position button.
At the moment when the position is accepted, an “Position Fix” event is recorded,
and an entry is made in the ship electronic log.

In this case, if the PS positioning system is set, the black coloured symbol on the
chart panel shows the ship position determined by using the Manually Fix Position.
The ship position determined with the aid of the PS source for the same time, is also
displayed. These points have accordingly the EP name and the PS source name
(GPS in this case).
With the use of the DR mode, calculated ship position coordinates are accepted.
On the chart panel, the black coloured symbol is used for showing the ship’s
EP and DR position. In this case, the ship position calculations are continued from
the EP point determined by using the Manually Fix Position.
Next to the EP name, measurements which the position was determined form
are specified:
• R – Range LOP’s;
• V – Visual Bearing LOP’s;
• VR – Visual/Range LOP’s.

Colour Indication of Measurement Numbers

Colour indication of measurement numbers on “Manually Fix Position” display
is in accordance with the table below:
Colour Comments
Blue Vacant cell for setting measurement
White Data is entered but the line of position is not referenced by the user
Black Bearing/range has already been references to a conspicuous chart feature
Red With LOP advice checkbox checked. The reading has been taken and referenced,
but the system considers it to be incorrect, the LOP being at a distance of more than
one mile from the reckoned position

CHAPTER 4
Alarm Management
This chapter describes the alarm and warning
generation algorithms, as well as their display
and acknowledgement methods.

Display of Alarms and Warnings
DISPLAY OF ALARMS AND WARNINGS

The number of alarms shall be kept as low as possible by providing indications
for information of lower importance (MSC 86(70) Annex 3, 4.3.5), this is why only
very important messages are classified as alarms in the NS 4000 MFD.
The NS 4000 MFD processes alarms and warnings in a similar manner, the only
difference being in their display.
Alarm – an audio and visual signal announcing a condition requiring immediate
attention or operator action.
Warning – a signal announcing a condition requiring non-immediate attention for
precautionary reasons.
Alarms are displayed in “Alarms” window, whereas warnings are shown in “Warnings”
window available in ECDIS, RADAR and CONNING tasks. The window displays
the most recently generated alarm (warning).
Alarms are associated with intermittent sound signal, which lasts until the silencing.
Warnings are accompanied with sound signal, whose duration is 2 sec.
The name of the alarm source is shown in the red colour. The name of the warning
source is shown in orange colour. “Alarms” (“Warnings”) window shows the most
recently generated alarm (warning).
The alarm (warning) name is preceded by the name of its source:
The alarm (warning) name is preceded by the name of its source:
• W01 – alarm (warning) refers to this WS (several

tasks simultaneously or breakage of the hardware
included in the WS)1;
• RADAR X-1 – alarm (warning) refers to the control
of scanner which is connected to this WS;
• NS-01 – alarm (warning) refers to ECDIS task only
on this WS1;
• NR-01 – alarm (warning) refers to RADAR task only

on this WS1.
Note: Alarms (warning), which refer to one task only on one WS (of NR-01
and NS-01 type), are not shown in other tasks or on other WS’s.
• CHART – alarm (warning) refers to the ECDIS task
in the scope of entire NS 4000 MFD;
• RADAR – alarm (warning) refers to the RADAR
task in the scope of entire NS 4000 MFD;
• SENS – alarm (warning) refers to the entire
NS 4000 MFD;
1
– 01 – WS name (2 and 3 letters of the WS network name are shown).
Chapter 4. Alarm Management 85

Display of Alarms and Warnings
• NAVTEX – alarm from external device received via dry

contacts of WAGO module or from NMEA Sensor;
• AIS – alarm from external device (e.g. AIS)
received by NMEA ALR message.
The sources are specified in more detail in “Alarms” and “Warnings” panels
of the AMS task (see NAVI-SAILOR 4000/4100 ECDIS (V. 2.00.011).
ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS document, Chapter 5).
Alarms and warning may be active, i.e., what caused their generation has not been
eliminated, and non-active when the cause is eliminated. Active and non-active
alarms and warnings may have the following status:
• acknowledged – acknowledged by the operator;

• unacknowledged – unacknowledged.
The principles of displaying alarms and warnings in the “Alarms” and “Warnings”
windows on the Control Panels of the ECDIS, RADAR and CONNING tasks,
are identical to those used in the “Alarms” and “Warnings” panels of the AMS panel,
and are set forth in the table below:
Alarm status Font Color Blinking Sound

generation
Active unacknowledged alarms Bold Red Yes Yes
(no operator actions taken)
Active unacknowledged alarms silenced, Bold Red Yes No
but to be acknowledged on task
(e.g. ARPA)
Active acknowledged alarms Bold Red No No
Non-active unacknowledged alarms Regular Red Yes Yes
Non-active acknowledged alarms No No No No
Active unacknowledged warnings Bold Orange Yes No
Active acknowledged warnings Bold Orange No No
Non-active unacknowledged warnings Regular Orange Yes No
Non-active acknowledged warnings No No No No
A press on the button to the right of the alarm (warning) name opens a pull-down
list, which contains all the currently active alarms (warnings) and unacknowledged
non-active alarms (warnings).
At the beginning of the list, there are unacknowledged alarms (warnings) arranged
in the there growing age order. If the alarm (warning) is unacknowledged, the name
of its source is blinkering. The age of alarms (warnings) is specified to the right
of the alarm (warning).
The second half of the list is occupied by the active acknowledged alarms (warnings).
Names of alarms (warnings) and their sources are shown in regular fonts. Alarms
(warnings) in this part of the list are sorted by their acknowledgment time (the most
recently acknowledged alarm (warning) is placed at the very top, etc.).
Non-active acknowledged alarms (warnings) are deleted from the list.

Alarm Acknowledgement
Positioning the free cursor on the alarm name on the button or in the list displays
a hint showing the detailed name of the alarm.
The history of all the alarms and warnings generation and their acknowledgement
is shown on the “Alarms History” and “Warnings History” panels of the AMS task
(see also NAVI-SAILOR 4000/4100 ECDIS (V. 2.00.011). ADDITIONAL
FUNCTIONS document, Chapter 5).
ALARM ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
After familiarising him/herself with the alarm, the operator acknowledges it. Distinction
is drawn between the acknowledgement of the alarm audible (silencing) and visual
announcement (acknowledgement). Acknowledgement is made on any operating
panel, which is directly assigned to the function generating the announcement and
where the cause of the announcement and related information for decision support
are presented. According to this concept, depending on the alarm status,
acknowledgement can be made as follows:
Alarm (warning) status Where acknowledgement can be made
Alarm (warning) generated for one task on one WS This WS, this task
Alarm (warning) generated for all the similar tasks Any station, this task
in all the WS’s
Alarm (warning) generated for all the tasks of one WS This WS, any task
Alarm (warning) generated for all the tasks of all the WS’s Any station, any task
Places where the alarms (warnings) can be acknowledged, are specified

in more detail in the “Alarms” and “Warnings” panel of the AMS task
(see also document NAVI-SAILOR 4000/4100 ECDIS (V. 2.00.011).
ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS, Chapter 5).
There are three ways to acknowledge an alarm (warning):
• By pressing the “Unacknowledged” button in the line with the alarm (warning)
name in the “Alarms” (“Warnings”) panel of the AMS task; if this alarm cannot be
acknowledged from this workstation, the alarm is silenced;
• By pressing the button with the name of the most recently generated alarm
(warning). After its acknowledgement, the latest unacknowledged alarm (warning)
appears in its place. The most recently generated alarm can also be acknowledged
by pressing the <ALARM> button on the ES6/ES4/ES3 keyboards;
• By selecting the alarm (warning) from a pull-down list of alarms (warnings) which
is opened by pressing the button to the right of the alarm (warning) name.
If all the alarms (warnings) are acknowledged, “Alarms” (“Warnings”) window

assumes the following form.

Guidance for Adjustments of the Limits for Alarms and Warnings Indications
In the absence of alarms (warning), “Alarms” (“Warnings”) window displays “No new
alarms” (“No new warnings”) notation.
GUIDANCE FOR ADJUSTMENTS OF THE LIMITS

FOR ALARMS AND WARNINGS INDICATIONS
Alarms/ Condition Set limit Indication Remarks
warnings
Main No data 10 sec • Alarm; Limits set are not
sensors No input • Values in red accessible for operator
asterisks;
• Ship’s symbol
in red color,
blinking
Invalid 10 sec • Alarm; Limits set are not
• Values in red; accessible for operator
• Ship’s symbol
in red color
Auxiliary No data 10 sec • Warning; Limits set are not
sensors No input • Values in red accessible for operator
asterisks;
• Ship’s symbol
in red color,
blinking
Invalid 10 sec • Warning; Limits set are not
• Values in red; accessible for operator
• Ship’s symbol
in red color
Datum No DTM 10 sec Alarm Limits set are not
unknown message accessible for operator
Course Difference 5–30° Alarm Set by operator
difference between current
route leg and
heading is lager
than set
HDG monitor The difference 3° Alarm Limits set are not
in reading GYRO accessible for operator
compasses lager
than set value
Nav. danger The ship is 0.0–8.0 NM Alarm Set by operator.
approaching to an Monitoring/ Navigational
isolated danger alarms
Out of XTD The set XTD 0.00–9.99 NM Alarm XTD set by operator.
value exceeded Route/Route table
WPT The ship has 0.00–9.99 NM Alarm Set by operator
approach approached a WPT
Anchor watch The ship 0.00–9.99 NM Alarm Set by operator.
is leaving the set Monitoring/Navigational
anchorage area alarms
Area alarms Approach 0–15 min Warning Set by operator.
to navigational Monitoring/Area Alarms
area
CPA/TCPA СРА and ТСРА CPA Alarm Set by operator
are smaller than 0.0–60 min
the set ones TCPA
0.00–24.00 NM

Main Alarms and Warnings Generation Principles
Alarms/ Condition Set limit Indication Remarks

warnings
Safety With a change of 0–15 min Alarm Set by operator.
Contour chart set under Monitoring/Navigational
the ship position, alarms
the previously
selected safety
contour becomes
unavailable
on these charts
Sounder The current depth 0–999 m Warning Set by operator.
depth from the echo Monitoring/Navigational
sounder is smaller alarms
than the set value
Out of The ship is 0–00 min Warning Set by operator.
schedule behind/ahead Monitoring/Route
the schedule monitoring
End of watch End of watch 0–900 min Warning Set by operator.
Config/General
Rest alarms trigged off immediately on event.
MAIN ALARMS AND WARNINGS GENERATION PRINCIPLES
Safety Alarms
Navigation in the areas crowded with dangers to navigation requires permanent
monitoring. With this aim in view, the ECDIS task implements functions for setting
and monitoring safe navigation parameters on vector electronic charts.
Chart objects are identified by the ECDIS task as dangers to navigation by certain
parameters. In the ECDIS task, such parameters are referred to as safety
parameters and are set by the operator:
• Safety depth – operator-set value which, in the check of an area delimited with
Safety frame, serves as a criterion for classifying the detected depth as a danger
to navigation. By default, the Safety depth is set at 30 m. A depth equal to or less
than the Safety depth is highlighted on the ECDIS task screen in bold type when
the display of spot soundings is turned on. If such danger is detected,
Nav. Danger alarm is triggered off:
• Safety contour is a set value, which determined the safety contour depth. By default,
the Safety contour is set at 30 m. The safety contour is highlighted on the ECDIS
task screen with a bold line:

Safety Contour parameter cannot be larger than Safety Depth parameter. If, however,
the operator sets a larger value, the same value is automatically assigned
to Safety Depth parameter. And the other way round, if an operator sets a smaller
value for the Safety Depth parameter, the same value is automatically assigned
to Safety Contour parameter. If, with a change of chart set under the ship position,
the previously selected safety contour becomes unavailable, Safety contour alarm
is generated. In this case, the safety contour is automatically set as equal to
a deeper available depth contour.
ATTENTION!
If the depth contour specified by the user is not digitised on the chart, the next deeper
digitised contour available on the chart will be accepted as the safety contour.
• The set Check on scale lager than value serves for taking into account all the charts
on the scale larger than the set one. If, however, as the ship proceeds, the chart
set under the ship position changes so that there is no vector chart on a scale
larger than the set one, Safety scale changed warning is generated. In this case,
Check on scale lager than parameter is automatically assigned the scale value
of the largest scale chart;
• In the absence of chart under the ship position, Ag. monitoring off warning is generated.
ATTENTION!
It is advisable to check the largest scale charts for the availability of dangers
to navigation (on smaller scale charts objects can be plotted with inferior accuracy).
Safety alarms are set on the “Safety Alarms” page of the “Monitoring” panel.
The main means of determining the safety alarms and warnings operation
is the Safety Frame. Dangerous objects turning up within the Safety Frame cause
generation of a relevant alarm or warning.
The Safety Frame is a rectangle, the user setting position of its sides relative
to the ship.
The Safety Frame is oriented along the COG. The Safety Frame size in front of the
ship symbol is determined by the distance travelled by the ship in the COG direction
at the current SOG in the time set by the user in the Ahead box. This time can be set
within the range of 0 to 15 minutes. If the zero value is set, alarms and warnings are
generated when the ship symbol crosses the dangerous objects. The Safety Frame
dimensions set in the Port and Starboard boxes (from 0.01 to 4.0 NM) are counted
from the CCRP in the directions perpendicular to the COG-SOG vector.

The check of charts consists in the search for the objects identified as a danger
to navigation. For the alarm to be generated at the time when the danger to navigation
turns up within the Safety frame, as well as when it crosses safety contour or area type
objects, the largest scale charts available under the ship position are used. The alarms
and warnings are generated for the following chart objects:
• Isolated dangers to navigation if Nav. Danger checkbox is checked (determined

by the value of the operator set safety depth).
Isolated dangers include the following objects:
– Explosives;
– Fishing ground;
– Foul ground;
– Distinctive depth, submerged obstacle;
– Drying danger;
– Rock;
– Shoal;
– Drill hole;
– Sunken ship with parts of hull over the water;
– Updating objects which have “Danger” and/or “Depth” attributes;
– Symbols of NAVTEX messages with “Danger” attribute.
• Land chart objects if Land Danger checkbox is checked;
• AIDS to Navigation objects if AIDS to Navigation objects checkbox is checked;
• Safety contours if Safety contour checkbox is checked (determined by the value
of the operator set safety contour);
• Area type objects if the appropriate checkboxes are checked in Area warnings
group on “Safety Alarms” page of “Monitoring” panel. The list of objects is
divided into two groups:
– Basic areas are a group of main areas tracked in accordance with IEC-61174
standard;
– Additional areas are a group of additional areas which alarms are implemented for.
• NAVTEX polygon.

Navigational Alarms
Enroute, the own ship position should be taken into account as accurately and
reliably as possible. Navigational alarms are intended for alerting the navigator
to the change of own ship and chart information display conditions:
• If the user-set value of difference between the positioning systems’ readings

is exceeded, provided the Prim/Sec diverged checkbox is checked, the alarm
with the same name is generated;
• As the ship sails beyond the chart boundary, with chart autoload mode off,
Off chart alarm is generated;
• Sounder depth is a set minimum depth, which determines the depth compared
to the sounder readings. As a depth smaller than the set value is received
from the sounder, Sounder depth warning is generated:
• If any point of the ship contour gets beyond the user-set Bow or Stern rings,
with the Bow alarm and Stern alarm checkboxes checked, the Anchor watch alarm
is generated:
The circle centres referencing is set by the user with the aid of the cursor after
checking the Bow alarm and Stern alarm checkboxes. As this is done, the chart
panel shows bearing and distance from the ship’s bow/stern to the relevant
referencing point.
Alarms connected with the system of coordinates used in the NS 4000 MFD, also
belong to this group:
• If there is a chart under the ship symbol, whose system of coordinates is not
identifies (datum of the source paper chart is unknown), and the coordinate
offset is equal to zero, Chart datum unknown warning is generated. For ARCS
format charts, an additional warning window is also displayed in this case;

• The ECDIS task uses the system of coordinates based on WGS-84 datum.
Information on the datum set in the PS receiver is contained in DTM sentence.
If DTM sentence is not transmitted from the PS receiver, the ECDIS task
assumes that the system of coordinates set in the PS receiver as WGS-84.
If some other system of coordinates is set in the PS receiver, Prim. not WGS 84
or Sec. not WGS 84 alarm is generated, warning the operator that the received
coordinates do not comply with WGS-84 system of coordinates;
• If an electronic chart under the ship position does not comply with ENC
standard, No official chart warning is generated.
Route Alarms and Warnings

Route alarms and warnings alert about the ship’s exit beyond the boundary
of set limitations during the sailing along the route and according to the schedule.
The alarm is generated according to the following principles:
• As the ship deviates from the plotted ship course to a value exceeding
the set in Off leg course input window, Course difference alarm is generated;
• As the ship deviation from the route leg exceeds the set value, Out off XTD alarm
is generated;
• If the ship schedule is not observed (the ship is ahead of or behind
the schedule), Ahead the schedule or Behind the schedule warning is generated;
• As the ship approaches the next WPT, WPT approach alarm is generated
at the advance time set by the operator;
• As the ship passes the last WPT of the monitored route, End of route warning
is generated:
The aforementioned alarms are enabled and their parameters set on “Route Monitoring”
page of “Monitoring” panel.

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Chapter 1. Electronic Navigational Charts 33

Copyright Transas Ltd., 2010

Processing of Data Received from PS Positioning System

Processing of Data Received from DR Positioning System

For display of position data, see paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential)

Chapter 2. Information Sensors 37

Processing of Data Received from EP Positioning System

For display of heading data, see paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential)

For display of STW data, see paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential)

38 NAVI-SAILOR 4000/4100 ECDIS (v. 2.00.011). Functional Description

For display of COG/SOG, see paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential)

Display of Navigational (Essential) Information

• data from sensor is not available or the checksum is incorrect;

Chapter 2. Information Sensors 39

No Input, No Data or Corrupted Checksum Situation

Data Has Not Passed Validity or Plausibility Check

40 NAVI-SAILOR 4000/4100 ECDIS (v. 2.00.011). Functional Description

• If plausibility check is not passed:

Time Chart display System data/GUI display Alarm

Consistent Common Reference System

• referencing to same place and time;

Referencing to Same Place

Referencing to Same Time

Chapter 2. Information Sensors 41

Compensation for latency

Compensations for Navigational Data

• manual input of correction; corrections defined in the form of a numeric

42 NAVI-SAILOR 4000/4100 ECDIS (v. 2.00.011). Functional Description

Chapter 2. Information Sensors 43

Navigational Sensors Selection

The primary and secondary positioning systems cannot be selected simultaneously

• differential mode is taken from the sentence;

It is not possible to choose a source, which no data arrives in.

44 NAVI-SAILOR 4000/4100 ECDIS (v. 2.00.011). Functional Description

Selection of Heading Source

Magnetic compass may be selected as a course source; magnetic variation

Selection of STW Source

Chapter 2. Information Sensors 45

Selection of SOG Source

It is not possible to choose a source, which no data arrives in.

Selection of Depth Source

46 NAVI-SAILOR 4000/4100 ECDIS (v. 2.00.011). Functional Description

Automatic Source Selection with Actuation of Fallback Functionality

Chapter 2. Information Sensors 47

Differential Mode Lost

Automatic Restoration Function

If “OK” is pressed, the system switches over to this data source.

48 NAVI-SAILOR 4000/4100 ECDIS (v. 2.00.011). Functional Description

Data available MWD VWR MWV

Wind data can be displayed in three ways:

• compass course value (HDG);

• relative wind is blowing in the same side as the true wind;

Chapter 2. Information Sensors 49

50 NAVI-SAILOR 4000/4100 ECDIS (v. 2.00.011). Functional Description

С – is sea water temperature in degrees Celsius;

F – is sea water temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.

Referencing of YEOMAN to the Paper Chart

Chapter 2. Information Sensors 51

YEOMAN Operation in Navigate Mode

YEOMAN Operation in Waypoint Mode

52 NAVI-SAILOR 4000/4100 ECDIS (v. 2.00.011). Functional Description

Copyright Transas Ltd., 2010