Article 1

Theory Concept Author/Time

Leadership Leadership is the process of leader-subordinate interaction where leader influence (Kanter,
the behaviors of subordinates to achieve organization’s goal 1982;
Conger
&
Kanungo,
1998;
Pavett &
Lau, 1983;
Reid, 2016)
Different leadership styles are important in the organization in increasing the Article 1
performance of employees.
Several studies show that leadership styles is vital for influencing employees’ (Turner &
performance and different studies have identified the connection between leadership Muller,
styles and the performance of employee 2005; Asrar
ul Haq &
Kuchinke,
2016)
Nowadays,  it is very important to choose a leadership  (Galperin &
style depending on the situation in order to achieve high performance. Alamuri,
2017)
Leadership is primarily important in organizational setting such as directions, instructions (Yukl,
and guidelines to the team. 2002)
Transformatio Transformation leadership is one way to lead the team in which the needs for (Bass,
n improvement are defined by the leaders in the associated team 1997)
Transformational leaders are a visionary, able to convey a clear message to the members (Bass,
of the team,  why and what kind of change is required 1999)

Their primary trait is that hold positive expectations from their flowers (Ogbonnay
a&
Nielsen,
2016
These leaders are eager by nature and capable of creating team members to believe that (Bass &
they can truly deliver on their potential In following that, these leaders trusts that their Steidlmeier,
followers are both talented and able to do work, this expectation lifts the spirit  1999;
and inspiration of the work unit. Dong,
Bartol,
Zhang &
Li, 2016)
Other similar characteristics of transformational leaders are that they (Brodbeck,
are attentive to the personal and professional needs of team members Frese &
Javidan,
2002
A transformational leader is motivational in nature for their team members. Where an (Ahmad,
organization is able to provide economic and non-economic incentives to their Abbas,
team members, they utilize these incentives to enhance the productivity of Latif,
their team members. The reason is that a leader closely work with their Rasheed,
subordinates,  demonstrates consideration is able to achieve  2014)
the commitment of the team members to produce the best output
 At the same time, this leader is also a picture that followers can idealize . (Barling,
Thus, the role of this leader is not only performance enhancer but also a role Slater &
model of for their followers. Kevin
Kelloway,
2000)
The action of this leader has huge impact on their team members (Avolio &
Bass,
1988)
Leadership/performanc In order to enhance employees’ performance, the leader have to encourage (Avolio et.
e their followers to. Boosting team’s confidence to step forward with the al, 2004)
change and to accept challenge is
Another associable characteristic of a transformational leader 
duly expressed in their actions

Transform/perfprmance Transformational leader lead employee performance as this leadership style Gong,
is effective in bringing ou Huang &
t employees’ creativity Farh
(2009)