Pearson Science New South Wales 9 Chapter 6 Test

Pearson Science New South Wales 9
Chapter 6 Test
Name: _______________________ Class: __________ Date: _______
Instructions: Write answers in the right-hand column. Score: ___________ / 67 marks
Section A—Multiple choice (10 marks)
1 Identify the activity that would be difficult after sustaining damage to the
cerebellum.
A speech
1
B walking
C breathing
D intellectual thought
2 Read these three statements about the chemical reactions of metabolism.
1 They break down complex molecules.
2 They build complex molecules from simple substances.
3 They are all helped by enzymes.
1
Identify the statements that are correct.
A 1 and 2
B 2 and 3
C 1 and 3
D 1, 2 and 3
3 Select the combination that reflects the effect on urine production of drinking
large amounts of water on a cool day.
A increased volume, reduced concentration
1
B increased volume, increased concentration
C reduced volume, reduced concentration
D reduced volume, increased concentration
Copyright © Pearson Australia 2014 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) ISBN 978 1 4425 6566 1
Page 1
Chapter 6 Test
4 Identify the part of the neuron labelled 1 in the diagram.
1
A axon
B dendrite
C knob
D cell body
5 Select the INCORRECT comparison between aspects of the nervous system.
A The central nervous system carries messages to and from all parts of the
body. The peripheral nervous system processes information and tells the
body how to respond.
B Motor neurons carry messages from the central nervous system to
effectors. Sensory neurons carry messages from cells in the sense organs 1
to the central nervous system.
C Effectors are muscles or glands that put the messages from the nervous
system into effect. Receptors are organs or tissues that have nerve
endings that detect changes in the environment.
D A stimulus is something that you can detect using your sense organs.
A response is a reaction to a stimulus.
6 Name two parts of the autonomic nervous system.
A central nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
B peripheral nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system 1
C sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
D central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
7 Identify the process that ensures that oxygen moves from the alveoli into the
blood.
A Carbon dioxide moves out of the alveoli continuously.
1
B Oxygen is taken into the alveoli by each inward breath.
C Blood flow carries the oxygen away from the alveoli.
D The cells of the body are using oxygen.
Page 2
Chapter 6 Test
8 Select the alternative that best describes the relationship between the pituitary
gland and the hypothalamus.
A The pituitary is called the ‘master gland’. The hypothalamus responds to
messages from the pituitary gland.
B The hypothalamus secretes hormones that act on the pituitary gland. 1
C The hypothalamus is part of the brain. The pituitary gland is located in
front of the trachea in the neck.
D The hypothalamus constantly checks the conditions within the organs
and systems of your body. The pituitary gland checks the activity of the
brain.
9 When you exercise, your heart beats faster. When you stop exercising, your
heart rate slows. Identify the INCORRECT statement related to control of the
heart rate.
A Receptors in the brain detect changes in carbon dioxide level in the blood
as exercise levels increase. Nerve impulses from the brain cause the heart
to beat faster.
B Stretch receptors in the wall of the right atrium detect an increased
amount of blood entering the heart and send nerve impulses to the brain. 1
Nerve impulses from the brain cause the heart to beat faster.
C Receptors in the aorta detect the changes associated with stopping
exercise and send nerve impulses to the brain. Nerve impulses from the
brain cause the heart rate to slow down.
D The pacemaker in the heart receives nerve impulses from the brain. The
pacemaker stimulates the ventricles and atria to contract simultaneously
to increase blood flow.
1 In the retina of the eye are photoreceptors that detect light. Identify the
0 INCORRECT statement about these receptors.
A Rods are the receptors that are responsible for night vision.
B Cones gather the information that enables you see colour. 1
C The lens of the eye bends light so that the light falls on the receptors in
the retina.
D Cells in the retina interpret the messages from the receptors.
Page 3
Chapter 6 Test
Section B—Short answer (32 marks)
1 a Describe receptors.
b State the function of receptors.
c Recall the four major types of receptors. 5
d Describe the function of each type of
receptor.
2
1 2
3 4
5
2
enzyme
a Identify the smaller molecules that could

be joined by the enzyme to form a complex
molecule.
b Justify your choice.
3 a Recall the small molecules that result from
digestion of:
i carbohydrates
ii proteins
iii lipids. 4
b Explain why digestion is necessary for the
normal functioning of your body.
c Explain how the products of digestion get
from the digestive system to the cells
where they are used.
Page 4
Chapter 6 Test
4 a Reflex actions are described as

involuntary. Explain what this means.
b Use the example of someone touching a 3
hot iron to explain how reflex actions
are beneficial to the wellbeing of
individuals.
5 a Define diffusion.
b Recall two situations where diffusion
moves materials into the human body
c Propose whether the green substance in
the diagram below would move to the
right or to the left when the barrier is
removed.
d Justify your response.

6 a Define homeostasis.
b Identify two substances whose levels 2
are controlled by homeostasis.
7 a Define the following terms and give an
example of each.
i receptor
ii effector
b Complete the following table to show
relationships between various stimuli
and their receptors. 4
Stimulus Receptor and location
Light
Chemicals
Semicircular canals in
the ear
Cochlear cells in the ear
8 Explain what happens at a synapse.
2
a Compare a neuron and a nerve. 3

9
b Explain the function of the myelin
sheath of a neuron.
Page 5
Chapter 6 Test
c Compare white matter and grey matter

in the central nervous system.
1 Describe the function of each of the following
0 parts of the brain.
a cerebrum 3
b cerebellum
c medulla
Section C—Thinking scientifically (10 marks)
Identify the statement that is consistent with the information presented in the
diagram above.
A Substances that enter the body from the digestive system are not changed
before they leave the body as wastes.
B All substances that enter the body from the digestive system are used in
the cells for respiration.
C The nervous system is directly involved in moving substances around the
body.
D All substances entering or leaving the body are carried in the circulatory
system at some stage.
Page 6
Chapter 6 Test
Identify the organism whose body temperature is LEAST likely to be controlled

by homeostasis.
A cat
B possum
C platypus
D lizard
3
1
Identify the correct statement about the parts of the diagram labelled 1, 2, 3 and
4, and their function.
A (1) is a target cell and it produces the hormone represented by (2).
B (4) is a target cell for the hormone represented by (2).
C (1) is a cell in an endocrine gland and (3) is the duct that carries the
hormone (2) to the target cells (4).
D (3) is a blood vessel carrying the hormone (2) from the target cell (1) to
other body cells (4).
Page 7
Chapter 6 Test
Yanni had an accident that damaged his spinal cord in the lower lumbar region.
Some people said he would not be able to walk again, because the lower nerves
from the spinal cord control movement of the legs. After a time Yanni did learn
to walk again. Explain why this was possible.
A The nerves of the spinal cord regenerated and all messages from the brain
were able to travel as before the accident.
B The nerves of the lumbar region do not control the ability to walk.
C The last pair of thoracic nerves and the lumbar nerves above the damaged
area could be used to move the muscles needed for walking.
D It is the brain that controls walking and it was not damaged.
Page 8
Chapter 6 Test
5 By increasing the diameter of the pathway along which the stimulus passes and
the thickness of the insulation, the rate at which nerve impulses pass along a
nerve can be increased.
Deduce which nerve fibre would transmit nerve impulses most rapidly.
1
Identify the correct statement about the effect of pH on enzyme action.

A Enzyme A works best in neutral and alkaline environments.
B Enzymes A and B are both active at pH 5.
C Enzyme C does not work well at any of the pH levels shown in the graph.
D Enzyme B is more active over a greater range of pH than enzyme A.
Page 9
Chapter 6 Test
Identify the INCORRECT statement about the effect of changes in temperature

on enzyme action.
A Enzyme P could come from an organism that has a higher body
temperature than humans.
B Enzyme Q can function at a wider range of temperatures than enzyme P.
C Enzyme Q is more likely to be a human enzyme than enzyme P.
D The functioning of both enzymes declines very slowly at temperatures
higher than their optimum temperature.
Page 10
Chapter 6 Test
1
Identify the correct comparison between the mouse and the lizard.
A As the external temperature increases, the rate of metabolism in the
mouse decreases and in the lizard increases.
B The rate of metabolism in the mouse is always greater than the rate of
metabolism in the lizard.
C The body temperature of both the mouse and the lizard are affected to the
same extent by the external temperature.
D As the body temperature of the lizard increases, the rate of metabolism
also increases.
9 Figure 1 represent two cells sitting side by side. Figure 2 is a cell next to a blood
capillary. Both and represent dissolved substances that can move freely
through cell membranes.
1
Use your understanding of diffusion to deduce which of the following events is
most likely to occur.
A The concentration of will eventually be the same in cell 3 and in
capillary 4.
B Substance will move from cell 2 to cell 1.
C Substance will move more rapidly from cell 1 to cell 2 than
substance .
D Substance and substance will both move at the same rate from cell
3 to capillary 4.
Page 11
Chapter 6 Test
1 Identify the pathway that a carbon atom would follow if it were part of a
0 carbohydrate taken in as food and then part of a carbon dioxide molecule that
left the body as waste.
A digestive system → circulatory system → respiratory system
B digestive system → circulatory system → cell → circulatory system 1
→ respiratory system
C digestive system → circulatory system → cell → circulatory system
→ excretory system
D digestive system → circulatory system → excretory system
Section D—Additional content (15 marks)
1 State the two functions of the kidneys. 2
2 The table below shows the concentration in

g/100 mL of substances in the blood entering
the kidney, and the urine produced.
Concentration of substances in the

blood entering the kidney, and the
urine produced (g/100 mL)
Substance Blood Urine
Proteins 7.80 0.00
Glucose 0.10 0.00
4
Urea 0.02 2.02
Salts 0.72 1.53
a Explain why glucose is not found in the

urine.
b Explain why the concentration of urea is
higher in the urine than in the blood.
c Explain what effect there would be on
the concentration of salts in the urine if a
person had drunk a large quantity of
fresh water.
Page 12
Chapter 6 Test
3 Describe how each of these structures helps to

regulate body temperature.
2
a sweat glands
b body muscles
4 The following are four human hormones:
insulin, antidiuretic hormone, epinephrine,
glucagon
a Identify the hormone that is most likely

to be released into the bloodstream in
response to a: 4
i FALL in blood glucose levels
ii INCREASE in glucose levels in
the blood
iii FALL in the water content of the
blood
iv frightening situation.
b Justify your answers to part a.
5 The diagram below illustrates a possible
response to a sudden rise in blood glucose level
(BGL).
a Identify what the following letters

represent.
i P
ii Q
b Recall the function of the liver in
controlling blood glucose levels.
Page 13

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Pearson Science New South Wales 9

Name: _______________________ Class: __________ Date: _______

Instructions: Write answers in the right-hand column. Score: ___________ / 67 marks

Section A—Multiple choice (10 marks)

4 Identify the part of the neuron labelled 1 in the diagram.

Section B—Short answer (32 marks)

a Identify the smaller molecules that could

4 a Reflex actions are described as

d Justify your response.

a Compare a neuron and a nerve. 3

c Compare white matter and grey matter

Section C—Thinking scientifically (10 marks)

Identify the organism whose body temperature is LEAST likely to be controlled

Identify the correct statement about the effect of pH on enzyme action.

Identify the INCORRECT statement about the effect of changes in temperature

Section D—Additional content (15 marks)

1 State the two functions of the kidneys. 2

2 The table below shows the concentration in

Concentration of substances in the

a Explain why glucose is not found in the

3 Describe how each of these structures helps to

a Identify the hormone that is most likely

a Identify what the following letters

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Name: _______________ Class: Date: _