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Quantum Theory of Light: Introduction To Modern Physics
Quantum Theory of Light: Introduction To Modern Physics
Quantum Theory of Light: Introduction To Modern Physics
Ioan Kosztin
Winter 2002 Introduction to Modern Physics Lecture #6
What is Light?
EM Wave or Corpuscle (photons)
Blackbody Radiation
= EM radiation which is in thermal equilibrium.
Black-body = a body which absorbs completely the radiation
incident on it.
Exp: a cavity with highly absorbing internal walls and a small
opening
2
Physics 215
Winter 2000
Blackbody Radiation
Problem: predict the spectral energy density u(ν,T) of
blackbody radiation
eν = J ( ν, T ) Aν
emission Absorption power
power
• For a blackbody Aν=1, and
eν = J ( ν, T )
• Spectral energy density
4
u( ν, T ) = dEν / dνdV = J ( ν, T ) = ??
c
8π h ν3
u( ν, T ) =
c 3 e hν / kT − 1
8πch 1
u (λ, T ) = 5 hc / λkT
λ e −1
3
Physics 215
Winter 2000
Limiting Cases
• Low frequency limit (hν á kT) • High frequency limit (hν à kT)
[Rayleigh-Jeans formula] [Wien’s formula]
8π 8πh 3 − hν / kT
u( ν, T ) = kTν 2 u ( ν, T ) = νe
c 3
c3
du / dλ = 0 ⇒ T λ = const
4
Physics 215
Winter 2000
Stefan-Boltzmann Law
∞
etot = ∫ dν ( c / 4) u ( ν, T ) = σ T 4
0
etot = a σT 4
5
Physics 215
Winter 2000
K max = me v 2max / 2 = e Vs
6
Physics 215
Winter 2000
Metal f [eV]
Na 2.28
Al 4.08
Cu 4.70
Zn 4.31
Ag 4.73
7
Physics 215
Winter 2000
h
λ ' −λ 0 = (1 − cos θ)
me c
h
λ '−λ = (1 − cos θ)
me c