721) How is the term 'day' defined by VOYLAYRULES93?

Day shall mean a period of twenty-four consecutive hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of
a day shall be counted as a day
Day shall mean a continuous period of 24 hours which, unless the context otherwise requires, runs from
commencement of laytime
Day shall mean a period of twenty-four consecutive hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any
part of a day shall be counted pro rata
Day shall mean a period of twenty-four working hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a
day shall be counted pro rata
 722) How is the expression 'Weather working days of 24 hours' defined by VOYLAYRULES93?
Above expression shall mean a working day of 24 working hours except for any time when weather prevents
the loading or discharging of the vessel if the vessel is a loading or discharging berth
Above expression shall mean a period of 24 working hours except for any time when weather allows the
loading or discharging of the vessel or would have allowed it, had work been in progress
Above expression shall mean a working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when
weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel or would have prevented it, had work been
in progress
Above expression shall mean that if at the loading or discharging port working time is of 8 hours per day then
a weather working day of 24 hours can be considered like 3 normal weather working days
 723) According to VOYLAYRULES93 'weather working days' shall mean
a working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or
discharging of the vessel or would have prevented it, had work been in progress
a working day or part of' a working day during which it is or, if the vessel is still waiting for her turn, it would be
possible to load/discharge the cargo without interference due to the weather. If such interference occurs (or
would have occurred if work had been in progress), there shall be excluded from the laytime a period
calculated by reference to the ratio which the duration of the interference bears to the time which would have
or could have been worked but for the interference
a working day of 24 consecutive hours including any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of
the vessel or would have prevented it, had work been in progress
a working day or part of' a working day during which it is or it would be, if vessel is waiting for her turn,
impossible to load/discharge the cargo due to the weather
 724) According to VOYLAYRULES93 'working days, weather permitting' shall mean
a working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather would have prevented the loading or
discharging of the vessel
a working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or
discharging of the vessel
a working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging
of the vessel or would have prevented it, had work been in progress
a day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the
vessel
 725) What do you understand by calculable laytime?
It means that, according to custom of the port, an expert will calculate how many days are allowed to the
charererer or his agents for completion of loading or discharging
It means that laytime for loading or disching is calculated by division of vessels deadweight cargo capacity to
the agreed loading or discharging rate
It means that laytime for loading or disching is calculated by division of quantity of cargo loaded or
discharged to the agreed loading or discharging rate
It means that laytime for loading or disching is calculated by division of ship's displacement the agreed loading
or discharging rate
 726) If the abbreviation 'SHEX' is used in a clause related to loading or discharging of the cargo, then
Saturdays and holidays are not counted as laytime

Sundays and holidays are not counted as laytime

Sundays and holidays are counted as laytime

Saturdays or Sundays and holidays are not counted as laytime

 727) If the abbreviation 'SHINC' is used in a clause related to loading or discharging of the cargo, then
Saturdays and holidays are counted as laytime

Sundays and holidays are counted as laytime

Sundays and holidays are not counted as laytime

Saturdays or Sundays and holidays not counted as laytime

 728) If the abbreviation 'EIU' is used in a clause related to loading or discharging of the cargo then
actual time used during the excepted periods, after commencement of laytime, shall count as loading or
discharging time
actual time used during the excepted periods, after commencement of laytime, shall not count as
loading or discharging time
if work is carried out for a certain number of hours during an excepted day, only actual time used shall count
as loading or discharging time
if work is carried out for a certain number of hours during an excepted day, entire day shall count as loading or
discharging time
 729) If the expression 'unless used' is used in a clause related to loading or discharging of the cargo then
actual time used during the excepted periods, after commencement of laytime, shall count as loading
or discharging time
actual time used during the excepted periods, before or after commencement of laytime, shall count as
loading or discharging time
if work is carried out for a certain number of hours during an excepted day, all day shall count as loading or
discharging time
actual time used during the excepted periods, after commencement of laytime, shall not count as loading or
discharging time
 730) What is cancelling date?
The final day of laydays, after which, if the ship presents herself at the loading port, charterers have
the option to cancel the charterparty
The final day of laydays, after which, if the ship presents herself at the discharging port, charterers have the
option to cancel the charterparty
The final day of laytime, after which, if the ship fails to complete loading operation, charterers have the option
to cancel the charterparty
The final day of laydays, after which, if the ship presents herself at the loading port, owners have the option to
cancel the charterparty
 731) What do you understand by 'charterers right to average laytime'?
It means that
charterer has
the liberty to add
together loading
and discharging
time and make
the calculations
like loading and
discharging are
 a single
operation
It means that
charterer has
the liberty to add
together loading
and discharging
time and divide
it at two and
thereafter to
calculate laytime
It means that
separate
calculations
are to be made
for loading and
discharging
and that any
time saved in
one operation
is to be set off
against any
excess time
used in the
other
It means that
separate
calculations are
to be made for
loading and
discharging and
that any
despatch
resulting from
one operation is
to be set off
against any
demurrage paid
in the other

 732) What is despatch or despatch money?

A monetary
reward payable
by owners to
charterers for
completion of
cargo
operations
before the
laytime has
expired
A monetary
reward payable
by charterers to
owners for
completion of
cargo operation
 before laytime
has expired
A monetary
reward payable
by owners to
charterers for
completion of
cargo operations
after the laytime
has expired
A monetary
reward payable
by owners to
agents for
completion of
cargo operations
before the
laytime has
expired

 733) If despatch is payable and there is no provision about the method of calculation then
despatch is
payable for
working time
saved
owners have the
right to decide
what method is
to be used
charterers have
the right to
decide what
method is to be
used
despatch is
payable for all
time saved

 734) What can be said about the relationship between 'despatch for all time saved' and 'despatch for working
time saved'?
despatch for all
time saved is
always higher
than despatch
for working time
saved
despatch for all
time saved is
equal or higher
than despatch
for working
time saved
 despatch for all
time saved is
always lower
than despatch
for working time
saved
despatch for all
time saved is
equal or lower
than despatch
for working time
saved

 735) A veesel is entitled to tender NOR if:

repairs are
underway for
hatchcover of
hold number 2
repairs of main
engine are
under way
minor repairs
have to be made
in each hold
discharging is
finished and
cleaning is
under way

 736) Time used for loading or discharging before commencement of laytime

is always
counted as
laytime
is never counted
as laytime
is counted as
laytime only if
there is a
special
provision in
chartereparty
is counted as
laytime only if
shippers do not
ask for despatch
money

 737) A vessel with 3 holds and 5 hatches (each of the holds 2 and 3 have two hatches) has to load 15000
metric tons and after completion of loading cargo distribution per hold is as follows: H1:4000 metric tons;
H2:5800 metric tons; H3:5200 metric tons. If loading rate is 500 metric tons per working hatch per weather
working day, laytime allowed is:
6 days
5 days 19
hours 12
minutes
11 days 14
hours 24
minutes
5 days 19 hours

 738) A vessel with 3 holds and 5 hatches (each of the holds 2 and 3 have two hatches) has to load 12000
metric tons and after completion of loading cargo distribution per hold is as follows: H1:3500 metric tons;
H2:4900 metric tons; H3:4600 metric tons. If loading rate is 500 metric tons per hatch per weather working day,
laytime allowed is
4 days 19
hours 12
minutes
4 days 21 hours
36 minutes
4 days 19 hours
4 days 19 hours
10 minutes

 739) The charterer is under an obligation to load or discharge as fast as possible in the circumstances
prevailing at the time of loading or discharging if the vessel is employed on condition
Custom of the
port
Customary
quick dispach
As fast as the
vessel can
receive or
deliver
As fast as the
charterers can
receive or
deliver

 740) If loading or discharging rate is '1000 metric tons per weather working days SSHEX unless used' then
time used before
commencement
of laytime will
count
Saturdays,
Sundays and
holidays are
excluded even if
 work is carried
on during these
days
only actual
time used on
Saturdays,
Sundays and
holidays will
count as
laytime
time lost due to
bad weather will
count as laytime
or time on
demurrage
 741) What happens if Notice of Readiness is tendered whilst at anchor, before a required hold
survey is made, and the ship then fails the survey
A new Notice of readiness is tendered immediately after inspection if master
consider at least one hold is ready for loading
No further Notice of readiness is required as in this way owners loose the
right to cclaim demurrage for time lost

No further Notice of Readiness is required as anyhow time lost will not count

A new Notice of readiness will have to be tendered once the holds pass
another survey

 742) Statement of Facts is drawn up by:

the master and is countersigned by the stevedoring company and ship's

agent

ship's agent and is countersigned by charterers and shipowners

ship's agent and is coutersigned by the stevedoring company and the

master

the stevedoring company and is countersigned by the master

 743) If a vessel is on despatch for 2 days and 12 hours and despatch rate is USD 5000 per
day then despatch payable to the charterers is

USD 12,500

USD 10,000
 USD 15,000

USD 13,000

 744) Demurrage start counting

after master send a notice to charterers informing them that vessel is on

demurrage

once laytime has expired

next working day after laytime expires

once laycan has expired

 745) Despatch is payable

always when loading or discharging is completed prior to expiration of laytime

whenever demurrage are agreed

only if charterparty contains a special provision

whenever charterers require owners to pay for time saved

 746) According to VOYLAYRULES 93 despatch for all time saved should mean that

despatch money shall be payable from the time of completion of loading or

discharging to the departure of the vessel including periods excepted from
laytime
despatch money shall be payable from the time of pilot boarding for
departure at load or discharge ports to the expiry of laytime including periods
excepted from laytime
despatch money shall be payable from the time of completion of
loading or discharging to the the expiry of laytime including periods
excepted from laytime
 despatch money shall be payable from the time of completion of loading or
discharging to the the expiry of laytime excluding periods excepted from
laytime

 747) A vessel is fixed to load 3000 metric tons with a loading rate of 1000 metric tons per
weather working days SSHEX EIU (Time from Friday 17.00 hours up to Monday 08.00 hours
not to count even if used). Laytime starts on Thurdays at 14.00 hours and loading is completed
on Saturday at 17:00 hours. If despatch agreed is USD 4000 per day or pro rata for all time
saved what would be the total despatch payble to the charterers?

14,000 USD

12,000 USD

7,500 USD

10,000 USD

 748) According with VOYLAYRULES 93 the word 'port' shall mean

a well defined area, within which vessels load or discharge cargo whether at
berths, anchorages, buoys, or the like, and which is situated within
commercial, fiscal and administrative area of a port authority
an area, within which vessels load or discharge cargo whether at berths,
anchorages, buoys, or the like, and shall also include the usual places where
vessels wait for their turn or are ordered or obliged to wait for their turn
situated a reasonable distance from that area
an area, within which vessels load or discharge cargo whether at berths,
anchorages, buoys, or the like, and shall not include the usual places where
vessels wait for their turn or are ordered or obliged to wait for their turn no
matter the distance from that area
an area, within which vessels load or discharge cargo whether at
berths, anchorages, buoys, or the like, and shall also include the usual
places where vessels wait for their turn or are ordered or obliged to wait
for their turn no matter the distance from that area

 749) What is laytime?

The period of time agreed between the shipowner and the charterer
during which the owner must make and keep the ship available for
loading and/or discharging without payment additional to the freight
 The period of time agreed between the shipowner and the charterer during
which the owner must make and keep the ship available for loading and/or
discharging with some payment additional to the freight
The period of time during which the vessel is obliged to present herself at the
loading or discharging port, and during which charterers are obliged to accept
the ship for loading or discharging
The period of time agreed between the shipowner and the charterer during
which the charterer is performing the loading and/or discharging operation
and during which owner must make and keep the ship available

 750) If a vessel is employed for loading a cargo from berth 35 at Constanta port. Under these
circumstances the vessel is considered an arrived ship
when the vessel enter the administrative, legal and fiscal area of the port of
Constanta

once the vessel drops anchor at Constanta port road

once the vessel is berthed at berth 35 at Constanta port

once the pilot is on board and the vessel proceed to berth 35

751) A vessel is employed for loading a cargo from 'one safe port Galatzi' and due to congestion
port authorities order the vessel to drop anchor at Sulina bar and wait for a free berth. Under
these circumstances the vessel is arrived ship

once the vessel drops anchor at Sulina road

once the vessel is berthed at loading or discharging berth

once the vessel arrives at Galatzi road

once the vessel enter the administrative, fiscal and commercial area of Galatzi
port

 752) If a vessel is found unfit for loading after berthing and charterer require her to vacate that
berth, the master

should agree to vacate the berth and in the same time inform P&I correspondent

should not agree to this unless there is a clause in the charterparty giving
the charateres the right to order the vessel off the berth, in which case the
order should come from charterers to the master via the owners

should comply with charterers request as vessel can not load

should ask charterers to gurantee that vessel will berth again once the holds are
clean and dry
 753) Time between the moment Notice of Readiness is tendered and commencement of laytime
is known as

Lay time

Free time

Shifting time

Dead time

 754) What is the difference between expressions 'per working hatch' and 'per workable hatch'

per working hatch' means that laytime is calculated basis number of holds under
loading and 'per workable hatch' means that laytime is calculated basis number of
holds available
the difference is not significant and only an arbitrator can decide the fine line of
demarcation between the two expressions

there is no difference between the two expressions

there is a difference but for charterparty purposes it is not important

 755) What is the difference between expressions 'weather working days of 24 hours' and
'weather working days of 24 consecutive hours' according to VOYLAYRULES 93?
There are significant differences as according first expression a working day of 24
hours can extend itself over more days if work program at the port is less than 24
hours

There is no difference

There is a sensible difference, but only an arbitrator can decide it

There are significant differences as according first expression a working day of 24

consecutive hours can extend itself over more days if work program at the port is
less than 24 hours
 756) A vessel with 3 holds and 5 hatches (each of the holds 2 and 3 have two hatches) has to
load 15000 metric tons and after completion of loading cargo distribution per hold is as follows:
H1:4000 metric tons; H2:5800 metric tons; H3:5200 metric tons. If loading rate is 500 metric tons
per hatch per weather working day, laytime allowed is:

10 days

6 days

5 days 19 hours 12 minutes

6 days 12 hours

 757) If a vessel is fixed for L/C 10/20 December 2006 and she arrives at loading port on 8th
December 2006. Under these circumstances:
the master can not tender NOR before 10th December even if the vessel is in all
respects ready to load before
the master can tender NOR anytime after arrival, if the vessel is in all
respects ready to load

the master can tender NOR on 10th December after passhing hold inspection

the master can tender NOR anytime between 10 and 20 December as this the
agreed Lay Can

 758) If a vessel completes loading before expiry of laytime and she is delayed another 2 days
due to a dispute between master and charterers over cargo documents then

owners are entitled to damages for detention for all time lost

owners are entitled to damages for detention only after expiry of laytime

owners are entitled to demurrage only after expiry of laytime

owners are not entitled to any compensation

 759) What is the level of damages for detention?

The level of damages for detention is always equal with the level of demurrage

The level of damages for detention is always higher than the level of demurrage

The level of damages for detention is determined by market potential of the

vessel at the time of occurrence
The level of damages for detention is determined by level of Baltic Dry Cargo
Index at the begining of voyage

 760) What does the expression 'ready to load' means?

It means that the vessel should be ready either phisically or legaly

It means that the vessel should be ready both phisically and legaly

It means that the vessel should have at least 2 holds ready for loading on berthing

it means that the vessel is in every way fit for the voyage

 761) According with VOYLAYRULES 93 the word 'berth' shall mean

the place where loading or discharging operation are normally carried out, even if at
anchorage or at buoy

the specific place within a port where the vessel is to load or discharge

the specific place within or outside a port where the vessel is to load or discharge

the place of loading or discharging nominated in a charterparty

 762) How is a 'holiday' defined by VOYLAYRULES93?

A holiday is a day other than the normal weekly day(s) of rest, or part thereof,
when by local law or practice the relevant work during what would otherwise
be ordinary working hours is not normally carried out
A holiday is a day other than the normal weekly day of rest, when either by local law
or practice the work is not carried out and which is so recorded in the yearly BIMCO
Holiday Callendar
 A holiday is any day of the week including the normal weekly day(s) of rest, or part
thereof, when by local law or practice the relevant work during what would
otherwise be ordinary working hours is not normally carried out
A holiday is a day other than the normal weekly day(s) of rest, or part thereof, when
by local law or practice work is not normally carried out and can be decutected from
laytime if time is not used

 763) How is 'working day' defined by VOYLAYRULES93?

A working day is a day or part of the day not expressly excluded from laytime

A working day is a day not expressly excluded from laytime

A working day is a day when work is carried out

A working day is a day which can not be considered a holiday

 764) How is the term 'running day' or 'consecutive day' defined by VOYLAYRULES 93?

Day shall mean a period of twenty-four consecutive hours running from 0000 hours
to 2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be counted as a day
Day shall mean a continuous period of 24 hours which, unless the context otherwise
requires, runs from comencement of laytime
Day shall mean a period of twenty-four consecutive hours running from 0000
hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be counted pro rata
Day shall mean a period of twenty-four working hours running from 0000 hours to
2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be counted pro rata

 765) If a charterparty provides for a Notice of readiness to be tendered, but does not provide for
laytime commencement then

laytime will start once Notice of readiness is properly tendered

laytime will start once Notice of readiness is accepted

laytime will start once loading or discharging operation commences

 laytime will start as per custom of port

 766) Why is often important to tender Notice of Readiness before weekend?

This is important because quite often charterers want to see the vessel arriving
before they go for weekend
This is important because charterparty may be cancelled if Notice of Neadiness is
not tendered before weekend
This is important because in many ports shifting expenses are lower during
weekend
This is important because quite often Notice of Readiness can be tendered
only during office working time and in this way at least few hours are saved

 767) Although at common law oral Notice of Readiness is acceptable, almost always the
charterparty privides for tendering NOR in writing. In this context 'in writing' shall mean
certain visibly expressed form of reproducing words and should be limited to
standard forms, letters, telex, fax, cable and e-mail if same are acceptable by
legislation of flag state
any visibly expressed form of reproducing words; the medium of transmission shall
include electronic communications such as radio communications,
telecommunications and VHF
any visibly expressed form of reproducing words; the medium of
transmission shall include electronic communications such as radio
communications and telecommunications
only hand signed and stamped documents are acceptable as in this way there is a
clear and unquestionable proof that they are not false notices send on behalf of the
master by the owners

 768) How can a master determine whether his ship is an arrived ship?

By asking port authorities what is berthing time and droping anchor where ordered
by port authorities
By tendering Notice of Readiness on droping anchor and waiting to see if shippers
or receivers will accept such notice
By checking the wording of the charterparty to see if it is a port charterparty
or a berth charterparty and checking the ship's position
By asking charterers when they can accept the Notice of Readiness and tendering it
once it is required by charterers
 769) If the charterparty is silent on counting shifting time from anchorage to loading or
discharging berth and laytime has commenced, then

shifting time is counted as laytime

shifting time is excluded from laytime

half of the shifting time is counted as laytime

shifting time is always excluded from laytime

 770) If the charterparty is silent on counting shifting time from anchorage to loading or
discharging berth and on arrival, the vessel is proceeding straigth to that berth, then

shifting time is counted as laytime

shifting time is excluded from laytime

half of the shifting time is counted as laytime

shifting time is always counted as laytime

 771) Assuming that a Notice of Readiness is accepted by a charterer or his agent, when will
laytime commence if caharterparty contain a Notice of Readiness clause?

once the Notice of Readiness is accepted

according with charterparty stipulations

once the Notice of Readiness is given

once loading commences

 772) How is laytime calculated in containerised liner trade?

Laytime is calculated according with Booking Note

 There is no laytime in container trade

Laytime is claculated according with custom of the port

Laytime is calculated based on vessel's capacity to load or discharge

 773) According to Voylayrules93 'reversible laytime' shall mean

an option given to the charterer to compensate any time saved at loading or

discharging port with any time excess time used at discharging or at loading port
an option given to the charterer to use discharging terms and conditions at loading
port and loading terms and conditions at discharging port in order to reduce
demurrage
that separate calculations are to be made for loading and discharging and that any
time saved in one operation is to be set off against any excess time used in the
other
an option given to the charterer to add together the time allowed for loading
and discharging and to calculate laytime as they are a single operation

 774) If there is no provision in the charterparty about the method of calculating laytime at loading
and discharging ports then

laytime is calculated separately for ports of loading and discharging

laytime is calculated as reversible laytime as this is good for all parties involved

laytime is calculated based on charterers right to average laytime

arbitartors will decide what is most appropiate method of calculating laytime

 775) According to Voylayrules 93 the word 'Demurrage' shall mean

a variable daily amount payable to the owner in respect of delay to the vessel
beyond the laytime, for which the owner is not responsible
an agreed amount payable to the owner in respect of berthing delay for which the
owner is not responsible
 an agreed amount payable to the owner in respect of delay to the vessel
beyond the laytime, for which the owner is not responsible
an agreed amount payable to the owners in respect of not loading the vessel within
the laytime, for which the charterer is not responsible

 776) In voyage charter instructions, abbreviation 'DHDATSBE' shall mean:

that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for all time
saved at both loading and discharging ports
that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for all working time
saved at both loading and discharging port
that demurrage is half of despatch and it will be calculated for all time saved at both
loading and discharging ports
that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for actual time saved
at both loading and discharging ports

 777) In voyage charter instructions, abbreviation 'DHDWTSBE' shall mean:

that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for all time saved at
both loading and discharging ports
that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for all working
time saved at both loading and discharging port
that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for weather working
time saved at both loading and discharging ports
that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for actual time saved
at both loading and discharging ports

 778) In voyage charter instructions, abbreviation 'FDBE' shall mean

that at both loading and discharging port there will be no demurrage payable to the
owners
that at both loading and discharging port there will be no detention payable to the
owners
that at both loading and discharging port there will be no despatch payable to
the charterers
that at both loading and discharging port there will be no despatch payable to the
shippers or receivers
 779) A ship employed on a berth charterparty can be considered an arrived ship:

once she is in all respects ready for berthing

once she is alongside at nominated berth

once she drops anchor within the port limits

once her notice of readiness is accepted

 780) What do you understand by abbreviation 'WWWW ' in the context of tendering notice of
readiness?
It means that notice of readiness can only be tendered once the vessel is within the
port limits or at usual waiting place or where she was odered by port authorities, in a
berth and with free practique and custom clearance obtained
It means that notice of readiness can be tendered if the vessel is withinn the
port limits or at usual waiting place or where she was ordered by port
authorities no matter if free parctice or custom clearance has been obtained
or not
It means that notice of readiness can be tendered if the vessel is within the port
limits or at usual waiting place or where she was ordered by port authorities no
matter if she is in a berth of not but free practice and custom clearance has been
obtained
It means that only in a berth charterparty notice of readiness can be tendered if the
vessel is within the port limits or at usual waiting place or where she was ordered by
port authorities no matter if free parctice or custom clearance has been obtained or
not

 781) What do you understand by laydays?

The period during which the ship is obliged by the charterparty to present herself
at the loading port, and during which the charterers are not obliged to accept the
ship for loading
The period during which the ship is oblidged by the charterparty to present herself
at the discharging port, and during which the charterers are obliged to accept the
ship for discharging
The period during which the ship is obliged by the charterparty to present
herself at the loading port, and during which the charterers are obliged to
accept the ship for loading
The period during which the ship is obliged by the charterparty to present herself
at the loading port, and during which the charterers are obliged to complete
loading operations
 782) What do you understand by term 'EXCEPTED' or 'EXCLUDED' used in a laytime clause?

It means that the days specified do not count as laytime unless loading or
discharging is carried out on them
It means that the days specified count as laytime if loading or discharging is
carried out on them
It means that the days specified count as laytime only if loading or discharging is
carried out on them
It means that the days specified do not count as laytime even if loading or
discharging is carried out on them

 783) What is a time-sheet?

A time sheet is a document drawn up by shipowners or charterers which

details the time worked together with the laytime used and compare the
latter with time allowed and based on this calculate either the demurrage or
despatch
A time sheet is a document drawn up by master after completion of the voyage to
evaluate if the charterers have detained the vessel more that allowed by the
charterparty and in this case demurrage is due
A time sheet is a document drawn up by ship brokers at the end of the voyage to
record the time not worked and reason for not working which is used to calculate
either the demurrage or despatch amounts due to owners or charterers as the
case may be
A time sheet is a document drawn up by ship's agent at loading or discharging
port to record the time worked and not worked and which is used to calculate
either the demurrage or despatch amounts due to owners or charterers as the
case may be

 784) What can be the result of a laytime calculation?

Result of a laytime calculation can be either demurrage or despatch

Result of a laytime calculation can be demurrage, despatch or time used can

be equal with time allowed
Result of a laytime calculation can either be positive or negative depending who is
calculating
Result of a laytime calculation can be despatch is charterers make calculatios or
demurrage if owners make calculations
 785) A notice of readiness indicating that the vessel will be ready to load in 2 hours from the
moment it is tendered:

can be a valid notice of readiness

can be a valid notice of readiness if this is the custom of the port

is not a valid notice readiness

can be a valid notice of readiness if it is sent during holiday

 786) If a notice of readiness is tendered before the vessel is in every way ready for loading or
discharging and it is accepted by the shippers

a new notice of readiness is required when the vessel is actualy ready

no further notice of readiness is required

a 'without prejudice' notice is required

it is master's option if he tenders a new notice of readiness or not

 787) When a master is not sure if a notice of readiness is valid or not

he should continue tendering 'without prejudice notices' whenever the

situation is changing
he should wait and see if the first notice is accepted and only if is not accepted to
tender another one

he should ask a lawyer about validity of the notice of readiness

he is not required to send a new notice of readiness

 788) A ship is employed on a berth charperty and a proper WIBON clause is incorporated. On
arrival at loading port the intended berth was free, but due to fog vessel was unable to proceed to
that berth for 3 days. Under these circumstances when the ship can be considered an arrived
ship?

on arriving at usual waiting place, waiting for berthing

once the vessel is at the intended berth

once vessel has pilot on board

imediately the berth is accesssible

 789) A ship is employed on a berth charperty and a proper WIBON clause is incorporated. On
arrival at loading port the intended berth was not free and anyhow due to fog vessel would have
been unable to proceed to that berth for 3 days, even if she was free. Under these circumstances
when the ship can be considered an arrived ship?

on arriving at usual waiting place, waiting for berthing

once the vessel is at the intended berth

once vessel has pilot on board

imediately the berth is accesssible

 790) A ship is employed on a berth charperty and a proper WIBON clause is incorporated. On
arrival at loading port the intended berth was not free and she eventualy became free two days
after vessels arrival. Shortly after the berth became available, navigation was suspended due to
fog and vessel had to wait three days before she was berthed. Under these circumstances:
Laytime started after master tendered notice of readiness on vessel's berthing at
intended berth and was running continously up to the end of loading or
discharging operation
Laytime started as per ch/p, after master properly tendered notice of readiness
and it was not interrupted by any event up the completion of loading or discharging
operation
Laytime started as per ch/p after master properly tendered notice of readiness on
arrival at usual waiting place and it was only interrupted for vessels shifting from
anchorage to the loading or discharging berth
Laytime started as per ch/p, after master properly tendered notice of
readiness on arrival at usual waiting place and it was interrupted once the
berth became free and restarted after the vessel was berthed
 791) A ship has on board two cargoes covered by two different charterparties and one of them is
overstowing the other. On arrival at the discharging port master tenders in the same time two
notices of readiness and discharging commence with the cargo loaded on top. In respect of the
cargo understowed can be said that:

laytime will start imediately the cargo becomes free for discharging

laytime will start on commencement of discharging operation

laytime will start as per ch/p, depending on time notice was readiness was
tendered

laytime will start in the same time for both cargoes

 792) A ship employed by a port charterparty can be considered an arrived ship:

once the ship is within port limits or at usual waiting place or where she is
ordered by port authorities
once the ship is anchored in the road of nominated port and is ready in al
respects to start loading or discharging operations
only when the ship is within fiscal, commercial and administrative limits of the
port mentioned in the ch/p
only when the ship is withing port limits and is at immediate and effective
disposal of the charterers

 793) If a vessel is on demurrage for 3 days and 8 hours and demurrage rate is USD 9000 per day,
then demurrage payable to the owners is:

USD 27,000

USD 36,000

USD 30,000

USD 33,000

 794) If a vessel is on demurrage for 3 days and 8 hours and demurrage rate is USD 9000 per day
and pro rata, then demurrage payable to the owners is:
 USD 27,000

USD 30,000

USD 36,000

USD 33,000

 795) If a vessel is on despatch for 2 days and 12 hours and despatch rate is USD 5000 per day
and pro rata, then despatch payable to the charterers is

USD 12,500

USD 10,000

USD 15,000

USD 13,000

 796) A vessel employed on condition SSHEX EIU, arrives at loading port on a Friday late evening
and laytime starts as from Monday morning. If during weeked work is carried out, then
actual time used will count only if there is a special provision that time
used before commencement of laytime will count
actual time used will never count as Saturdays, Sundays and holidays are
excluded from laytime if work is carried out during this period
actual time used will only count if shippers agree to change loading conditions
from EIU to UU
master is allowed not to start loading operation, unless shippers confirm that
actual time used will count as laytime

 797) A vessel is fixed to load 3000 metric tons with a loading rate of 1000 metric tons per weather
working days SSHEX EIU (Time from Friday 17.00 hours up to Monday 08.00 hours not to count
even if used). Laytime starts on Thurdays at 14.00 hours and loading is completed on Saturday at
17:00 hours. If despatch agreed is USD 4000 per day or pro rata for for working time saved what
would be the total despatch payble to the charterers?

14,000 USD
 10,000 USD

7,500 USD

12,000 USD

 798) What do you understand by abbreviation 'IUATUTC'

It means that in case work is carried out before commencement of laytime actual
time used before commencement of laytime will not count as laytime
It means that in case work is carried out before commencement of laytime actual
time used before commencement of laytime will count as laytime
It means that in case some periods are excluded from laytime and work is carried
out during this period actual time used will not count as laytime
It means that in case some periods are excluded from laytime and work is
carried out during this period actual time used will count as laytime

 799) What is a bank doing on receipt of a claused bills of lading instead of 'clean on board' bill of
lading required by the letter of credit?
the bank is releasing the money and keep the seller responsible for any claims at
discharging port
the bank is refusing payment under leter of credit and ask the buyer for
instructions
the bank is only paying part of the letter of credit amount and keeping the
balance as guarantee
the bank is not entitled to study the bills of lading, they only have to pay the seller
for deliverying the goods

 800) What is the criterion used by banks when they analyze a claused bills of lading?

they have to take into consideration shippers' interests

they have to take into consideration shipowners' interests

they have to take into consideration receivers' interests

 they have to take into consideration charterers' interests

801) What is stale bill of lading?

a bill of lading which was presented to the bank after expiry of the date of the
credit or 21 days after signature if a date of expiry is not mentioned
a bill of lading which was issued by a party having not authority to sign on behalf of the
carrier
a clause bill of lading which was presented to the bank and the bank is not sure if it
affects the interest of the receivers or not
a bill of lading which was presented to the bank after expiry of last day of shipment or
21 days after signature if last day of shipment in not mentioned

 802) What is the main benefit to the buyer when he buys on an FOB basis?

he can sell the goods after arrival at discharging port

he can sell the goods after passing ships rail at loading port

he can sell the goods once he has received the documents

he can buy the goods once he has received the documents

 803) What security does a bank involved in a Letter of Credit transaction have in return for the sum
advanced?

It can ask for a mortgage on the cargo or on other proprty belonging to the buyer

It has possesion of the 'to order' bill of lading and thus has constructive
possession of the goods

It has property of the bill of lading and can sell the goods if payment is not done in time

It advances money only to the customers known as good performers

 804) What is a Letter of Credit?

 An undertaking issued by a bank, on behalf of the buyer, to the seller (exporter),
to pay for goods, provided that the seller presents documents which comply fully
with the terms and conditions of the letter of credit
An undertaking issued by a bank, on behalf of the seller, to the buyer (importer), to pay
for goods, provided that the buyer presents documents which comply fully with the
terms and conditions of the letter of credit
An undertaking issued by an insurer, on behalf of the buyer, to the seller (exporter), to
pay for goods, provided that the seller presents documents which comply fully with the
terms and conditions of the letter of credit
An undertaking issued by a bank, on behalf of the buyer, to the seller (exporter), to pay
for goods, provided that the seller presents documents including a valid bill of lading of
lading or a negotiable seawybill

 805) What is the purpose of a Letter of Credit?

to enable the seller to take control of the goods soon after the shipment

to enable the seller to receive payment for the goods soon after the shipment

to enable the seller to receive payment for the goods before shipment on board the
vessel

to guarantee to the seller that he will receive payment for the goods before delivery

 806) In which of the below delivery terms the costs are transferred from the seller to the buyer on
passing ship's rail at loading port?

FOB

CIF

DES

FCA

 807) Which of the below clauses refering to packing are used when the value of packing is included
in the price of the cargo?

Netto
 Netto plus packing

Brutto/netto

Brutto

 808) What is the golden rule on international trade from point of view of country were the traders
are based?

to export on CIF terms and import on FOB terms

to export on FOB terms and import on CIF terms

to export and import on CIF terms

to export and import on FOB terms

 809) What do you understand by 'tel quel' clause in context of cargo quality?

according to this clause the buyer can request a price discount if cargo quality is not in
accordance with contractual quality
according with this clause the buyer is entitled to reject the cargo if cargo quality is not
in accordance with contractual quality

according with this clause the cargo is sold on 'as is' basis

according with this clause the quality of cargo will be determined after delivery and
buyer has the right to buy it or not

 810) What do you understand by 'rye terms' clause in context of cargo quality?

according to this clause the buyer can request a price discount if cargo quality is
not in accordance with contractual quality
according with this clause the buyer is entitled to reject the cargo if cargo quality is not
in accordance with contractual quality

according with this clause the cargo is sold on 'as is' basis
 according with this clause the quality of cargo will be determined after delivery and
buyer has the right to buy it or not

 811) What do you understand by 'sound delivered' clause in context of cargo quality?

according to this clause the buyer can request a price discount if cargo quality is not in
accordance with contractual quality
according with this clause the buyer is entitled to reject the cargo if cargo quality
is not in accordance with contractual quality

according with this clause the cargo is sold on 'as is' basis

according with this clause the quality of cargo will be determined after delivery and buyer
has the right to buy it or not

 812) Which of below can NOT be considered delivery terms belonging to Group 'D' of INCOTERMS
2000

DEQ

DPT

DES

DDP

 813) What are the main responsibilities of the seller when goods are are sold 'FOB Constanta'?

The seller must bear all costs and risks until the goods have passed the ship's rail
at the loading port (Constanta)
The buyer must bear all costs and risks until the goods have passed the ship's rail at the
loading port (Constanta)
The seller must bear all costs while the buyer must bear all risks until the goods have
passed the ship's rail at the loading port (Constanta)
The buyer must bear all costs while the seller must bear all risks until the goods have
passed the ship's rail at the loading port (Constanta)
 814) What are the main responsabilities of the seller and buyer when goods are sold on a CIF
basis?
The buyer must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named
destination, but the risk of loss or of damage to the goods is transferred from the buyer
to the seller when goods pass the ship's rail at the loading port
The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the
named destination, but the risk of loss or of damage to the goods is transferred
from the seller to the buyer when goods pass the ship's rail at the loading port
The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named
destination, but the risk of loss or of damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to
the buyer when goods pass the ship's rail at the discharging port
The buyer must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named
destination, but the risk of loss or of damage to the goods is transferred from the buyer
to the seller when goods pass the ship's rail at the loading port

 815) Is the shipper always the seller or the exporter of the goods?

Yes, always the seller is the shipper

No, the shipper is always the stevedoring company

No, many sellers employ a freight forwarder to organise the shipment

Yes, since the leter of caredit is in his favour he has always to be the shipper

 816) Which are the two most important INCOTERMS in sea transport?

FCA and DES

FAS and CFR

FOB and CIF

EXW and DDU

 817) What are INCOTERMS?

 A set of uniform rules which codify the interpretation of trade terms defining the
obligations and rights of the seller and buyer in sale of goods transactions
A set of uniform rules which codify the interpretation of trade terms defining the
obligations and rights of the owner and charterer in international sale of goods
transactions
A set of uniform rules which codify the interpretation of trade terms defining the
obligations and rights of the shipper and receiver in international sale of goods
transactions
A set of uniform rules which codify the interpretation of trade terms defining the
obligations and rights of the seller and buyer in international sale of goods
transactions

 818) INCOTERMS have been issued by :

Baltic and International Conference, Copenhagen

International Maritime Organisation, London

International Chamber of Commerce, PARIS

International Association of Traders, Bruxelles

 819) When INCOTERMS apply to a international sale of goods transaction?

when parties agree to incorporate them into an international sale contract

always when a international sale contract is concluded

when one of the parties to a contract is based in a country where rules apply

when more means of transportations are used and at least one is sea transport

 820) How many INCOTERMS are there?

twelve
 thirteen

forthteen

ten

 821) What kind of marking is recommended for explosives?

neutral

original

resistant

special

 822) What is the difference between delivery terms FOB and CIF in respect of the moment risks are
transferred from the seler to the buyer?
Under FOB delivery risks are transferred from buyer to seller on passing ships rail at loading
port while under CIF delivery risks are transferred on passing ship's rail at discharging port
Under FOB delivery risks are transferred from buyer to seller on completion of loading while
under CIF delivery risks are transferred on completion of discharging
Under FOB delivery risks are transferred from buyer to seller on passing ships rail while
under CIF delivery risks are transferred on cargo delivery

there is no difference

 823) What is the recommended INCOTERMS 2000 delivery term for a shipper having the obligation
to load the cargo on board a RO-RO vessel?

FOB

FAS

FCA

FAC
 824) Who do you expect to be the charterer when the goods are sold on FOB basis?

the seller

the buyer

the receiver

the freight forwarder

 825) Who do you expect to be the charterer when the goods are sold on CIF basis?

the seller

the buyer

the shipper

the freight forwarder

 826) Who do you expect to be the charterer when the goods are sold on DES basis?

the seller

the buyer

the shipper

the freight forwarder

 827) What is the last version of INCOTERMS?

INCOTERMS 2007

INCOTERMS 1990

INCOTERMS 2000

INCOTERMS 2004

 828) A charter-party is a document setting down rights and obligations of

shipowner and bill of lading holder

shipowner and charterer

shipowner and shipper

shipowners and receiver

 829) If the charter-party stipulate that the vessel will load a certain type of cargo then

the charterer can load any other cargo as long as its stowage factor is not higher and he
pays the freight agreed in the charter-party
the charterer is under an obligation to load the cargo mentioned in the charterparty no matter
what is her apparent order and condition
the charterer has the liberty to load any similar cargo as long as the cargo stowage factor is
not higher than the stowage factor of the cargo mentioned in the charter-party and it is not
dangerous for ship, crew and the other cargo on board
the charterer is under an obligation to load the cargo mentioned in the charterparty
and the cargo has to be in the condition mentioned in the charter-party or in
accordance with custom of the port at loading port

 830) A ship with a deadweight cargo capacity of 10,800 tons is employed to load '10,000 mts steel
plates 5pct moloo'. Under these circumstances charterer is under an obligation to load
 10.500 metric tons

9500 metric tons

10,000 metric tons

10,800 metric tons

 831) A ship with a deadweight cargo capacity of 10,800 tons is employed to load '10,000 mts steel
plates 5pct molchop'. Under these circumstances charterer is under an obligation to load

10.500 metric tons

9500 metric tons

10,000 metric tons

10,800 metric tons

 832) A ship with a deadweight cargo capacity of 10,800 tons is employed to load ''min/max
10,000/11000 mts steel plates'. Under these circumstances charterer is under an obligation to load

10.500 metric tons

9500 metric tons

10,000 metric tons

10,800 metric tons

 833) A vessel employed to load 5000 metric tons steel plates 5 % molchop is described in a charter-
party as having a DWCC of 5250 metric tons. If on the way to the loading port the price of the bunker
is better than market price
the owners are entitled to take as much bunker as they want if the vessel is able to load
minimum 4750 metric tons of cargo
the owners are not entitled to bunker the vessel if after bunkering vessel's cargo
capacity is below 5250 mts
the owners are entitled to bunker the vessel only if bunker on board is not enough for safe
completion of the present voyage
the owners can take as much bunker as they want if vessel's cargo capacity is between 4750
and 5250 metric tons and charterers are informed about this before commencement of
 loading

 834) How are deleted words from stardard charterparty form treated from legal point of view?

they are considered valid if one of the parties demonstrates that they were deleted by
mistake

they are considered as not being there and they will never be taken into consideration

they are considered as not beeing there, but they will be taken into consideration if
without them one or more clauses are not making sense
they are considered valid if they were deleted by mistake by the broker issuing the charter-
party

 835) One of the main problems in chartering is the drafting of various clauses by non legal and non
native english speakers. In order to reduce litigation, instead of ammending standard clauses the
drafters of standard forms have

forbidden amendments

recommended that only lawyers to amend the standard clauses

drafted some clauses with options and parties only choose the option they need

drafted all clauses with options and parties only choose the option they need

 836) A shipowner pay his expenses in EUROs and he enters into a time charter agreement with hire
payable in USD. When do you think the owner should include in to the charter-party a clause against
currency fluctuations?

When it is expected that exchange rate between euro and usd will increase

When it is expected that exchange rate between euro and usd will decrease

When it is expected that exchange rate between euro and usd will remain the same

Never, as usualy the currency fluctuations can not be predicted with enough accuracy
 837) If a charterparty contains a clause setting minimum and maximum quantity of cargo to be
loaded without naming the party having the option to choose between them
it is clear that the charterer has the option to choose the quantity of cargo to be loaded which
anyhow should be between the minimum and maximum quantity mentioned in the
charterparty
it is clear that the owner has the option to choose the quanitity of cargo to be loaded based
vessel's deadweight cargo capacity and on vessel' trim and stability
the charterer has to load the vessel up to her deadweight cargo capacity while the
shipowner guarantee that vessel will load at least minimum quantity without requiring
more than maximum quantity mentioned
the shipowner has to load the vessel up to her deadweight cargo capacity while the charterer
guarantee he will have available for loading at least minimum quantity without promising
more than maximum quantity mentioned

 838) What do you understand by 'lawful merchandise'?

It means that the vessel can carry cargoes that can be loaded, carried and discharged
without breaking the regulations at loading port, discharging port and regulations of
the flag state
It means that the vessel can carry cargoes that can be loaded, carried and discharged
without breaking all international rules and regulations
It means that the vessel can carry cargoes that can be loaded, carried and discharged
without breaking the regulations of all ports the vessel would call before arriving at
discharging port
It means that the vessel is entitled to carry any cargo that is not officialy declared unlawful by
a specialised agency of United Nations or by International Maritime Organisation

 839) If the shipowners is wrongfully stowing cargoes on deck

he is still entitled to limit his liability according with either Hague or Hamburg Rules

he is only responsible if the damage was caused by his fault

he is responsible for any cargo damage, no matter how it was caused

he is only responsible if the cargo owners can prove that damage is a consequence of deck
stowage
 840) When cargo is stowed on deck at shippers risk

the carrier is not responsible for any cargo damage

the carrier is responsible if cargo damage is generated by lack of seaworthiness

the carrier is responsible for any cargo damage

the degree of responsibility is the same no matter if cargo was stowed on or under deck

 841) A ship was due to load at two very sentitive cargoes: onion and chocolate, and due to limited
space in holds she loaded both cargoes in the same hold. Due to smell, chocolate arrived in a
damaged condition at discharging port and charterers considered that the vessel was not seaworthy.
In which of the below situations will charterers claim succed on grounds of unseaworthiness?

if chocolate was loading before onion

if onion was loaded before chocolate

if chocolate and onion were loading in the same time

in both situations

 842) What are the functions of maritime arbitrators?

to decide matters in dispute between two parties to a shipping-related contract,

as an alternative to litigation
to decide matters in dispute between two parties to a shipping-related contract, when
no acceptable solution is found in a court of law
to mediate matters in dispute between two parties to a shipping-related contract, as an
alternative to litigation
to decide terms of the contract of carriage if parties in dispute do not find a mutual
solution

 843) What is a charter party?

an approved standard agreement containing the express terms of an agreement for

the charter of a ship
a document containing the express and implied terms of an agreement for the charter
of a ship
 a document containing the express terms of an agreement for the charter of a
ship

a document containing the express terms of an agreement for the hire of a ship

 844) What are the functions of shipbrokers in the dry cargo and tanker market?

to negociate the terms and conditions of a charterparty and to ask for approval from
owners or charterers before signature

to settle disputes arrising from agreements between shipowners and charterers

to supervise performance of agreements between shipowners and charterers

to find employment for ships and to to find suitable sea transport for the
carriage of a cargo

 845) If one of the abbreviations FIO, FIOS, FIOT is included in to a charter-party then

charterers will cover cargo loading expenses while shipowners will cover all cargo
discharging expenses
shipowners will cover cargo loading expenses while charterers will cover all cargo
discharging expenses

charterers will cover all cargo loading and discharging expenses

shipowners will cover all cargo loading and discharging expenses

 846) If expression LINNER TERMS is included in to a charter-party then

charterers will cover cargo loading expenses while shipowners will cover all cargo
discharging expenses

charterers will cover all cargo loading and discharging expenses

shipowners will cover cargo loading expenses while charterers will cover all cargo
discharging expenses

shipowners will cover all cargo loading and discharging expenses

 847) Under FIOS terms responsibility for stowage rest with the charterers. Under which of the below
situations will the owners be liable for stowage?
Charter-party contains a clause stating that stowage is done under master's
supervision
Charter-party contains a clause stating that stowage is done under master's direction
and supervision
Charter-party contains a clause stating that stowage is done under master's
responsibility

All of the above

 848) What is a safe berth?

a berth which, during the relevant period of time, the ship can reach, remain at and
depart from without, even if there is some abnormal occurrence, being exposed to
danger which cannot be avoided by good navigation and seamanship
a berth which the ship can always reach, remain at and depart from without, in the
absence of some abnormal occurrence, being exposed to danger which cannot be
avoided by good navigation and seamanship
a berth which, during the relevant period of time, the ship can reach, remain at
and depart from without, in the absence of some abnormal occurrence, being
exposed to danger which cannot be avoided by good navigation and
seamanship
a berth which, during the relevant period of time, the ship can reach, remain at and
depart from without, on all weather conditions, being exposed to danger which cannot
be avoided by good navigation and seamanship

 849) Which of the below can be considered shipowner's usual basic obligations under a voyage
charter-party?

to provide a seaworthy ship suitable for the carrying the intended cargo

to bring the ship to the agred loading port by the agreed date

to load the cargo supplied by the shippers

to deliver cargo as instructed by the charterers

 850) According with deviation clause from GENCON 94 the vessel

has the liberty to call at any port or ports in any order, for reasonable purpose, to sail
without pilots, to tow and/or assist Vessels in all situations, and also to deviate for the
purpose of saving life
has the liberty to call at any port or ports in any order, for any purpose, to sail
without pilots, to tow and/or assist Vessels in all situations, and also to deviate
for the purpose of saving life and/or property
has to get charterers approval before calling at any port or ports in any order, sailing
without pilots, towing and/or assisting Vessels in all situations, and also deviating for
the purpose of saving life and/or property
is under an obligation to call at any port or ports charterers instruct her to proceed, in
any order, for any purpose, to sail without pilots, to tow and/or assist Vessels in all
situations, and also to deviate for the purpose of saving life and/or property
 851) According with Gencon 94 standard form the cargo shall be brought into holds, loaded, stowed
and/or trimmed, tallied, lashed and/or secured and taken from the holds and discharged by

the owners, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the charterers

the shippers or receivers, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the
owners

the charterers, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the owners

either the charterers or the owners, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever
to the other party

 852) If Paramount Clause is incorporated into the charter-party and some of the express terms of the
charter-party are in contradiction with Hague or Hague-Visby rules

express terms of the charterparty have priority of interpretation

Hague or Hague Visby provisions have priority of interpretation

it is for the arbitrators to decide which terms have priority of interpretation

parties under an obligation to negotiate which terms have priority of interpretation

 853) What should an agent nominated by the voyage charterers, but appointed by the owners do
when there is a dispute between shipowners and voyage charterers?

he should do whatever is required to protect charterers interests

 he should remember that his primary responsibility is to serve the shipowners

he should refuse to act as agent anymore and ask shipowners and charterers to
nominate their own agents
he should act as an independent observer and leave the shipowners and charterers
to solve their problems

 854) How many days on demurrage are allowed according with GENCON 1994 standard form?

maximum 10 working days

there is no express provision for maximum number of demurage days

as many as required to complete loading operation as long charterers pay demurrage

10 running days

 855) According with Lien clause from Gencon 94 standard form the owners shall have a lien on cargo
and on all subfreights payable in respect of the cargo for
freight, deadfreight, demurrage, claims for damages and for all other ammounts
due under the charterparty including costs of recovering same

freight, deadfreight, demurrage and damages for detention

freight, deadfreight, demurrage, claims for damages, cargo contribution to general

average and for expenses incurred by the shipowner in protecting the cargo
freight, deadfreight, demurrage, claims for damages and for all other ammounts due
under the charterparty excluding costs of recovering same

 856) According with Cancelling clause of Gencon 94 standard form should the vessel not be ready to
load (whether in berth or not) on the cancelling date

the charterers should have the option of cancelling the charter- party

the owners should have the option of cancelling the charter-party

the charterers should nominate a new cancelling date acceptable to the owners
 the owners should stop the vessel and wait for a new cancelling date

 857) According with Cancelling Clause of Gencon 94 standard form should the owners anticipate that,
despite the exercise of due diligence, the vessel will not be ready to load by the cancelling date, they
shall notify the charterers thereof without delay stating the expected date of the vessel readiness to
load and asking whether charterers will exercise their option for cancelling the charter-party or agree a
new cancelling date. Such option must be declared by the charterers

within 48 running hours after the old cancelling date

within 48 running hours after the receipt of the owners notice

within 48 working hours after the receipt of the owners notice

within 48 running hours before cancelling date

 858) According with Gencon 94 standard form, if the charterers do not reply within 48 runnig hours
after the receipt of owners notice of missing the cancelling date, the charter-party is deemed to be
ammended and the new cancellind date is

the seventh day after the date the notice was sent

the seventh day after the new readiness stated in the owners notification

the seventh day after the expiration of the 48 runnig hours allowed for charterers to
declare their option

the seventh day after the cancelling date missed by the vessel

 859) In which of the below situations the master can be considered agent from necesity of the cargo
owner?

vessel has on board refrigerating cargoes

vessel has on board refrigerating cargoes and ships refrigerating machines do not
work
vessel has on board refrigerating cargoes, ships refrigerating machines do not work
and master is unable to get instructions from shippers
vessel has on board refrigerating cargoes, ships refrigerating machines do not
work and master is unable to get instructions from shippers
 860) In voyage chartering, what is the preliminary or approach voyage?

the previous voyage

the voyage to the lading port

the first trial voyage

the voyage from one loading port to another loading port

861) What is the meaning of the word 'about” when it is used to describe vessels deadweight cargo
capacity?

always a tolerance of 5 % is considered acceptable

always a tolerance of 10 % is considered acceptable

it depends on ship's size, but generallya tolerance of 5 % is considered acceptable

only for small vessel a certain tolerance is acceptable

 862) Acording with common law a vessel is seaworthy if she is

fit to both ordinary and extraordinary perils of the sea

fit to perform the voyage under good weather conditions

fit to encounter the ordinary perils of the sea

fit to encounter any extraordinar perils of the sea

 863) If a vessel is employed to load up to ”full and complete cargo capacity” it means that

charterers are under an obligation to load her up to her maximum deadweight cargo capacity
 both owners and charterers have fulfiled their obligation if a cargo corectly stowed
either fills in vessels deadweight cargo capacity or volumetric capacity
both owners and charterers have fulfiled their obligation if a cargo corectly stowed fills in both
vessels deadweight cargo capacity or volumetric capacity
charterers are under an obligation to load her up to her maximum volumetric capacity of
vessels holds

 864) In consecutive voyage chartering freight in payable

on number of theoretical voyages that can be performed

for each voyage performed by the ship

on both number of voyages performed and their duration

in owners option either on number of voyages performed or on voyage duration

 865) In a consecutive voyage charter-party the cancelling clause apply

to every voyage performed

only to first and last voyage

only to first and second voyage

only to first voyage

 866) What is a private carrier?

a carrier who is transporting cargoes only for his own interest and from time to time for close
charaterers
a carrier who restricts his strict liability by contracting out of his common law
obligations

a carrier who reduce his liability by contracting out of Hague or Hague Visby obligations
 a carrier who has his own vessels and operate them as he wishes

 867) Loading and discharging expenses are for owners account if vessel is fixed on

LILO terms

FIOS terms

LIFO terms

FILO terms

 868) If all other terms of the fixture are the same when do you expect the freight to be higher?

if the vessel is employed of free in and out terms

if the vessel is employed of free in and liner out terms

if the vessel is employed of liner in and liner out terms

if the vessel is employed of liner in and free out terms

 869) If a vessel is employed on Gross Terms who is paying for lashing, dunnaging and securing
expenses?

shipowners

charterers

they are shared between shipowners and charterers

shippers
 870) What are the options available to a party to a charter-party if the other party breach a condition?

she can repudiate the contract and claim damages

she can only claim damages

she can either reputiate the contract or claim damages

she can only claim damages if cargo condition was affected

871) If a charter-party contains abbreviation '1 GSB AAAA' it means that the vessel
will be operated at one good safe anchorage which is always accessible and where she will
lay always afloat
will be operated at one or more good safe berths which are always accessible and where she
will lay always afloat
will be operated at one good safe berth which is always afloat and where cargo holds should
be always accessible
will be operated at one good safe berth which is always accessible and where she will
lay always afloat

 872) Why is a lien clause included into a contract of carriage?

to give the owners the opportunity to recover the common law expenses made by the owners
which are due and not paid before delivery of the cargo
to give the owners the opportunity to recover some of the amounts mentioned in lien
clause, due and not paid before delivery of the cargo
to give the owners the opportunity to recover all of the amounts due to them and not paid
before and after delivery of the cargo
to give the charterers the opportunity to recover some of the amounts due to them by the
owners and not paid before vessel sailing from discharging port

 873) What do you understand by 'turn time'?

it means that the vessel has to be operated into a certain period of time after arrival

it means that the vessel has to wait until the ship under loading operation is completing
loading
it means that the vessel has to wait for berthing a certain period of time, and this time is
not counted as laytime
it means that the vessel has to wait for berthing a certain period of time, and this time is
counted as laytime
 874) What is a 'RIDER'?
one or more clauses agreed between shipowners and charterers that suplement a
standard charter-party form
ammendments made to one or more standard clauses and agreed by shipowners and
charterers
one or more clauses agreed between shipowners and charterers after signature of a charter-
party
one or more clauses agreed between shipowners and charterers that replace clauses from a
standard charter-party form

 875) Why are the lines of most standard charter-party forms numbered?

to make sure that somebody has not deleted some lines

to make easier the process of amending the standard clauses

to make easier the process of inserting new clauses

to make easier the process of reading the charter-party

 876) What is happening if a clause from the rider is in contradiction with a clause from the standard
form?
the clause from the rider has priority of interpretation over the clause from the standard
form

the clause from the standard form has priority of interpretation over the clause from the rider

none of the clauses have priority of interpretation and master should ask for instruction from
charterers
either the owners or the charterers should refer the case to arbitration for a decision over
interpretation

 877) What can the master do when loading or discharging operations are very slow?

as long as demurage is paid there is no problem and he should not interfere

he should inform the owners about the cause of slow loading or discharging

he should send letters of protest to all parties involved

he should ask crew to participate in loading or discharging operation

 878) What is tally sheet?
Tally sheet is the document issued by persons recording cargo coming into or going
out of a ship
Tally sheet is the document issued always by stevedoring company recording cargo available
for loading or received into their custody
Tally sheet is the document issued by persons recording cargo condition at loading or
discharging ports
Tally sheet is the document issued by persons recording number and condition of cargo
loaded or discharged

 879) Who is usually signing from ship's staff daily tally reports?

the master

ship's tally clerk

duty officer or chief mate

supercargo

 880) Loading and discharging expenses are for charterers account if the vessel is employed on

FILO terms

FIO terms

LIFO terms

LILO terms

 881) What is a contract of affreightment in modern shipping terms?

An agreement between a shipper and a carrier, for the carriage of a large number of
containers between specific places, over a specified period of time, by vessels of a type
and size nominated by the carrier and accepted by the shipper
An agreement between a charterer and a shipowner, for the carriage of a not clear
defined quantity of named goods between specific places, after a specified period of time,
by vessels of a type and size specified by the charterers, but which are nominated b the
owners
An agreement between a charterer and a shipowner, for the carriage of a large
quantity of named goods between specific places, over a specified period of time,
by vessels of a type and size specified by the charterers, but which are nominated
b the owners
any contract of carriage by sea, e.g a chartering agreement or a contract expressed in a
Bill of Lading
 882) What is a contract of affreightment in the legal sense often used in maritime law textbooks written
by lawyers?
An agreement between a charterer and a shipowner, for the carriage of a large quantity
of named goods between specific places, over a specified period of time, by vessels of a
type and size specified by the charterers, but which are nominated b the owners
any contract of carriage by sea

either a voyage charter or a time charter agreement

a bill of lading

 883) What do you understand by abbreviation 'BWAD'?

the fact that water density at respective port of call is higher than sea water density
the fact that water density at respective port of call is between sea water density
and fresh water density
the fact that water density at respective port of call is variable

the fact that water density at respective port of call can not be precisely measured

 884) What do you understand by abbreviation 'CHABE'?

it means that charterers have the right to appoint t loading and discharging ports
it means that charterers have the right to nominate agents that will be appointed by
the owners at loading and discharging ports
it means that owners have the right to nominate agents that will be appointed by the
charterers at loading and discharging ports
it means that owners have the right to nomitate what agents will be appointed at loading
and discharging ports

 885) On 15th December 2006 a ship is employed to discharge a cargo at Taganrog, in the Azov Sea, or
so near as she may safely get. On arrival, in mid January, the Sea of Azov is closed by ice and it is
estimated that the vessel may only proceed to the discharging port at the beginning of February. Under
these circumstances the master is:
entitled to discharge the cargo at the nearest safe port

bound to wait until beginning February and then to proceed to Taganrog

required to ask charterers for instructions and in case no instructions received to proceed
to the nearest safe port
required to wait few days and then make a decision

 886) On 15th December 2006 a ship is employed to discharge a cargo in a safe port in Black Sea,
including Azov Sea ports, at charterers option, or so near as she may safely get. On passing Bosphorus
Charterers have nominated Taganrog and vessel arrived arrival, in mid January, the Sea of Azov is
closed by ice and it is estimated that the vessel may only proceed to the discharging port at the
beginning of February. Under these circumstances the master is:
 entitled to discharge the cargo at the nearest safe port

bound to wait until beginning February and then to proceed to Taganrog

required to ask charterers for instructions and in case no instructions received to
proceed to the nearest safe port
required to wait few days and then make a decision

 887) In interpreting the phrase “so near as she may safely get” the word safely refers to:

the safety of the cargo

the safety of the ship

the safety of both: ship and cargo

the safety of the discharge operation

 888) What ship costs might be paid by a voyage charterer instead of the shipowner?

cargo handling costs when the ship is employed on FIO basis

cargo handling costs when the ship is employed on LILO basis

canal tools

agency fees

 889) What is a carrier?
a person who is the temporar owner of the vessel performing the carriage from one place
to another
a person who owns the vessel performing the carriage from one place to another

a person who agrees to carry goods from one place to another

a person who enter into a charter party agreement as shipowner

 890) What is meant by 'inherent vice in the goods'?

a natural tendency of the goods to deteriorate if they are not proper looked for

a hiden deficiency of the goods not discoverable at first sight

a natural tendency of the goods to deteriorate without human negligence

a natural tendency of the goods to loose weight during the carriage

 891) How are the shipbrokers paid for their services?

they are entitled to a commission, called brokerage, from the gross freight or hire earned
which is paid by the party they represent
 they are entitled to a commission, called brokerage, from the gross freight or hire earned,
which is normally paid by the charterers
they are entitled to a commission, called brokerage, from the gross freight or hire
earned, which is normally paid by the shipowners
they are entitled to a fee which is always payable by the party they represent during
negotiations

 892) Who is the ship's agent principal?

the party who proposed the agent to the shipowners

the party who appointed the agent and will be paying the agency fee

always the headowner is the ship's agent principal

either the shipowners or the charterers depending on charterparty terms

 893) If loading and discharging ports are nominated at the time of fixture who is the party responsible to
ascertain the safety of the ports?
most probably, charterers

most probably, shipowners

both shipowners and charterers

always charterers

 894) If loading and discharging ports are nominated after the fixture is concluded, who is the party
responsible to ascertain the safety of the ports?
both shipowners and charterers

most probably, shipowners

charterers

master

 895) If a vessel arrives at discharging port and she can not proceed to the discharging berth without first
lightening, the master
has to follow custom of the port and accept lightening
he is entitle to refuse to the enter the port, unless there is a specific agreement to the
contrary
he is required to wait a reasonable period of time and after that he can sail to the next port of
call
he is required to follow charterers orders, as they would be responsible for any damages to
the vessel
 896) A loading or discharging port for a vessel employed on a voyage charter must be a safe port

always

on nomination

on charterparty date

at the time the vessel arrives

 897) According with Gencon 94 standard form the freight is paybale on

highest between intaken or delivered quantity

intaken quantity

delivered quantity

lowest between intaken or delivery quantity

 898) What are the possible consequences for the owners or carrier of deviating from the contracted
voyage?
They would be liable for cargo loss, damage and delay, but they would be able to limit their
liability according to the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules, as well as common law
They would still be able to invoke all defences under the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules, as
well as common law, and avoid liability for cargo loss, damage and delay
They would be deprived of all defences under the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules, as well
as common law, to liability for cargo loss, damage and delay, and would consequently
be greatly exposed to claims
They would be deprived of all defences under the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules, as well as
common law, to liability for cargo loss, damage and delay, and would also loose their
insurance cover even if deviation was not authorised by them

 899) If during a loaded voyage, a port of call is planned for bunkers which needed for the next voyage,
but not present one, what special clause should be in the contract of carriage?
A Standard Bunker Clause

P&I Bunker Deviation Clause

P&I Deviation Clause

A Standard Deviation Clause

 900) What are the options available to a party to a charter-party if the other party breaches a warranty?

she can repudiate the contract and claim damages

she can claim damages

 she can either repudiate the contract or claim damages

she can only claim damages if cargo condition is affected on delivery

 901) What is freight?
The agreed rate payable to the shipowner for the carriage of goods from the port of
shipment to the agreed destination
The agreed rate payable to the shipowner for carriage of goods from the port of shipment to
any port of discharge
The agreed rate payable to the shipowner for carriage of goods from port of shipment to a
place situated as near as possible to the port of discharge
The agreed rate payable to the shipowner for renting the ship for a certain period of time to the
charterer

 902) If a vessel arrives at destination with minor damages to the cargoes carried and charterers can
demonstrate that owners are responsible for the damages then
charterers are entitled to compensate the estimated value of damages with the freight due

charterers have to pay the freight without any deductions

charterers have to pay only for sound cargo delivered and balance can be kept as guarantee
for settlement of damages
charterers are entitled not to pay the freight before cargo claim is settled

 903) If the charterparty is silent on quantity freight is payable then freight is paid on

nett weight

teoretical weight

gross weight

bill of lading weight

 904) If the charterparty is silent on the quantity freight is payable then freight is payable

on quantity ascertained at loading port

on quantity ascertained at discharging port

on lowest between the quantity ascertained at loading and the quantity ascertained at
discharging port
on highest between the quantity ascertained at loading and the quantity ascertained at
discharging port

 905) The level of deadfreight due is calculated

by multiplying difference between minimum quantity charterer is an under an obligation to load
 and quantity loaded with the unit freight
by multiplying difference between maximum quantity charterer is allowed to load and quantity
loaded with the unit freight
by deducting from extra income that could have been obtained if charterers were
loading minimim quantity they were under an obligation to load the extra expenses
owners would have made to obtain that income
by deducting from extra income that could have been obtained if owners were loading
maximum quantity the vessel is able to load the extra expenses owners would have made to
obtain that income

 906) If a tanker is employed at WS80 and according with WORLD SCALE the freight between the two
ports is USD 18$ per metric ton, then freight owners will receive will be
USD 18$ per metric ton

USD 21,6$ per metric ton

USD 14,4$ per metric ton

USD 14,6 per metric ton

 907) If a tanker is employed at WS120 and according with WORLD SCALE the freight between the two
ports is USD 15$ per metric ton, then freight owners will receive will be
USD 18 per metric ton

USD 12 per metric ton

USD 15 per metric ton

USD 17,8 per metric ton

 908) In the absence of agreement to the contrary, freight is paybale

on vessel's arrival at discharging port

only on delivery of the goods at port of discharge

only after delivery of the goods at port of discharge

before signing and releasing bills of lading

 909) If the clause 'freight deemed earned discountless and non returnable on signing bills of lading
vessel and/or cargo lost or not lost' is included into charterparty then
freight is paybale even if the vessel and/or cargo is lost after completion of loading

freight is payable even if the the vessel and/or cargo is lost after signing bill of lading

freight is payable only if the vessel and/or cargo is lost after release of bill of lading

freight is payable only on vessel's arrival at discharging port and commencement of discharge
 910) What do you understand by 'back freight'?
all expenses incurred by the carrier to return his vessel to original load port if he is not able to
find suitable employment
all expenses incurred by the carrier to protect the cargo if he is prevented from
delivering the cargo at the agreed destination for some reason beyond his control
all expenses incurred by the carrier to protect the cargo if he is forced to put lien on cargo at
discharging port due to non receipt of freight and demurrage at loading or discharging ports
all expenses incurred by the carrier to return the cargo at the loading port if by some reasons
vessel is unable to continue her voyage up to final destination
 911) What do you understand by lumpsum freight?
An agreed amount paid to the charterer for the use of the whole, or part, of a ship to carry cargo
on a given voyage
An agreed daily amount paid to the shipowner for the use of the whole, or part, of a ship to
carry cargo on a given voyage
An agreed amount calculated by multiplying vessel deadweight with a unit freight
An agreed amount paid to the shipowner for the use of the whole, or part, of a ship to
carry cargo on a given voyage

 912) What is the carrier's lien?

The right of the carrier to retain possesion of the cargo carried as a security for the
performance of an obligation under contract, or to secure satisfaction of a claim
The right of the carrier to sell the the cargo carried in order to cover his unpaid expenses for the
performance of an obligation under contract, or to settle an old claim
The right of the carrier to retain possesion of the cargo carried as a security for a future
performance of an obligation under contract, or to secure a possible future a claim
The right of the carrier to retain property of the cargo carried as a security for the performance
of an obligation under contract, or to secure satisfaction of a claim

 913) What is the difference between a common law lien and a contractual lien?
There is no difference as both common law and contractual lien have to be incorporated by a
term expressed in the contract in order to offer effective protection
A common law lien does not need to be expressely stated in the contract, whereas a
contractual lien is one incorporated by a term expressed in the contract
A common law lien needs to be expressely stated in the contract, whereas a contractual lien
needs not to be incorporated by a term expressed in the contract
The difference is not very important as in a contract of carriage of goods by sea all that matters
is the express provision of the contract in respect of lien

 914) What is the importance of expression 'freight prepaid' in a bill of lading?

It means that freight has to be paid before commencing loading operations

It means that freight has to be paid before signing charterparty

 It means that freight has to be paid before releasing bill of lading

It means that freight has to be paid before delivery of the cargo

 915) If by mistake master release a bill of lading marked 'freight prepaid' to the shippers without making
sure that owners have received the freight
owners have the right to put lien on cargo if freight is not paid before delivery of the cargo

owners are entitled to put lien on cargo if freight is not paid as per charterparty
owners are obliged to deliver the goods at destination if bill of lading is in the hands of
an innocent third party
owners can discharge the cargo at loading port if freight is not paid

 916) If expression 'freight deemed earned discountless and non returnable on signing bills of lading
vessel and or cargo lost or not lost' which is the party required to insure the freight
charterers

shipowners

exporters

both shipowners and charterers

 917) What is 'currency adjusment factor'?

a system of protecting the shippers when their expenses are expressed in other currency than
the currency they pay the freight and there is a sudden and unexpected change in the
exchange rate
a system of converting the freight into a currency favourable to the shipowners
a system of protecting the owners against sudden and unexpected changes in the exchange
rate of currency the owners earn their freight
a system of protecting the owners when their expenses are expressed in other currency
than the currency they earn their income and there is a sudden and unexpected change
in the exchange rate

 918) What is 'bunker adjustment factor'

a system of stabilizing the freight when there are sudden and unexpected changes in the
cost of bunker
a system of increasing the freight when there are unexpected changes in the cost of bunker
a system of stabilizing the freight when there are sudden and unexpected changes in the
bunker consumption
a system of stabilizing the profit by including all extra bunker consumption in the freight
 919) A vessel is employed on a lumpsum basis and due to an excepted peril one third of the cargo is lost
during the voyage. What is the freight charterer has to pay?
Charterer has to pay only two thirds of the agreed lumpsum freight

Charterer has to pay agreed lumpsum freight

Charterer can compensate the freight to be paid with value of lost cargo

Charerer will ask for arbitration before paying any freight

 920) If a vessel is unable to continue her voyage due to a major engine breakdown and charterers decide
(even if owners are willing to continue the voyage) to take delivery of the cargo at an intermediate port
then
owners are entitled to freight without any deductions

owners are entitled to a pro rata freight

owners are not entitled to freight, as freight is only payable at destination

owners are entitled to put lien on cargo for payment of full freight

921) If a vessel is employed on voyage charter and suppose all other elements are constant, in which of
below situations freight will be lower
employement of LILO terms

employement of LIFO terms

employement of FILO terms

employement of FIO terms

 922) When freight level is negotiated basis 0/0 it means that

port expenses are covered by the owner

port expenses are covered by the charterer

port expenses at loading are covered by the charterer and port expenses at discharging are
covered by the owner
port expenses at loading are covered by the owner and port expenses at discharging are
covered by the charterer

 923) When freight level is negotiated basis 1/1 it means that

port expenses at one loading and one discharging ports are paid by the charterer

port expenses at one loading and one discharging ports are paid by the owner
port expenses at loading are covered by the charterer and port expenses at discharging are
 covered by the owner
vessel is only entitled to call at one loading and one discharging ports

 924) If a vessel is chartered on a chain of bareboat, time and voyage charters who is the party entitled to
receive the freight?
bareboat charterer

ship owner

time charterer

voyage charterer

 925) If a master sign a bill of lading and accoding with chartereparty terms and conditions freight is
payable 100% after signing, but before releasing of Bs/L then
master can hand bills to the agents and agents will decide when to release it
master has to prepare a letter instructing the agent not to release the bills before he
receive confirmation from the owners that freight has been received
master has to prepare a letter instructing the agent not to release the bills before he receive
confirmation from the charterers that they have paid the freight
master has no obligation to instruct the agents, as it is operational department obligation to
instruct the agents properly

 926) If master sign a bill of lading which is marked 'freight payable as per charter-party' then

master can release bills to the shippers unless he is instructed otherwise by the owners
master has no obligation in this respect, it is operational department obligation to instruct the
agents properly
master has prepare a letter instructing the agent not to release the bills before he receive
confirmation from the charterers that they have paid the freight
master has to prepare a letter instructing the agent not to release the bills before he
receive confirmation from the owners that freight has been received

 927) Why sometimes freight is not payable 100% before delivery of the cargo?
Because sometimes cargo is damaged during voyage and charterers want to compensate
damages with balance freight
Because sometimes cargo is delivered with significant delays and charterers want to
compensate loss of market value with balance freight
Because sometimes vessels are employed with despatch and charterers want to
compensate despatch with balance freight
Because vessels are employed with demurrage and charterers want to pay this amount
together with balance freight
 928) When fixing a ship, the freight has been agreed as ' USD 40 per weight or measurement'. What
would be the freight payable if the vessel loads a cargo of 3000 metric tons and 5000 cubic meters?
USD 120,000

USD 200,000

USD 140,000

USD 160,000

 929) When fixing a ship, the freight has been agreed as ' USD 40 per weight or measurement'. What
would be the freight payable if the vessel loads a cargo of 3000 metric tons and 2800 cubic meters?
USD 120,000

USD 112,000

USD 116,000

USD 125,000

 930) To preserve his lien what must a shipowner to?

to keep actual possesion of the goods

to sell the goods

to take property for a short time

to instruct receivers not to sell them further

 931) How can a carrier ensure that, as well as his lien for freight, he has also a lien for deadfreight and
demurrage?
By obtaining a court order to allow him to put lien on cargo at the discharging port for these
amounts
By simply exercising his common low right for putting lien on cargo for deadfreight and/or
demurrage due and not paid
By inserting a Lien Clause in the contract of carriage expressly stating that he has a
lien for these amounts
By inserting a clause stating that deadfreight and demurrage are payable before completion
of discharging

 932) A ship has discharged a cargo of coal and is about to sail. If the shipowners are still owed freight, how
can their lien on the cargo be exercised after she has sailed?
Ship's agent can keep constructive possesion of the coal in a storage area hired for that
purpose until the freight is paid, the cost beeing for the shipowners' account
Ship's agent can take property of the coal and keep in a storage area hired for that purpose
until the freight is paid or sell it
Master has to instruct the receivers to keep the cargo on the quay and not to sell it before
owners confirt that their claim for freight has been settled in full
Ship's agent can keep constructive possesion of the coal in a storage area hired for
 that purpose until the freight is paid, the cost beeing for the consignee's account

 933) A vessel is employed under a voyage charter which clearly stipulates that only clean cargo is to be
loaded. On arrival at loading port master submit to the shippers a letter with his preliminary remarks and a
notice of protest stating that only clean cargo has to be loaded. Shippers accept all master's remarks and
insist that all cargo be loaded. Under these circumstances
the master should load all the cargo as long as shippers accept on the bill of lading
all master's remarks about cargo condition
the master should load only clean cargo in order to avoid breaching charter-party terms and
conditions
the master should ask for charterers permission to load all cargo and has to insist on a
letter of indemnity
the master should ask for P&I correspondent advise and his decision is final and master
has to follow it

 934) What do you understand by straight bill of lading?

A bill of lading issued to order of a not named or named entity (bank, consignee, shipper)
who is entitled to endorse the bill
A bill of lading stating that the goods are consigned to a specified person and
master is obliged to deliver the goods to that person
A bill of lading not mentioning anything abouth the consignee and where the holder can
insert his name and ask for delivery of cargo
A bill of lading issued to order of the shipper and which can be endorsed in full in favour of
the true owner of the cargo

 935) What do you understand by 'to order' Bill of lading?

A bill of lading which can be transferred from one person to another by orders from the
shipper or the person who issued it at shippers' request
A bill of lading stating that the goods are consigned to a specified person and master is
obliged to deliver the goods to that person and only this person is allowed to give orders for
delivery of the cargo
A bill of lading not mentioning anything abouth the consignee and where the holder can
insert his name and thereafter give orders in respect of cargo delivery
A bill of lading issued to order of a not named or named entity (bank, consignee,
shipper) which can be transferred to third party by indorsment

 936) Delivery of cargo at destination can be made against:

A letter of indemnity signed by the shippers

A copy of the original Bill of lading

An original bill of lading

All original bills of lading issued

 937) Who is entitled to sign the bill of lading according with Hamburg rules?

Only master or vessel's agent at loading port

Any person having authority from the carrier

Any person having authority from the shipowner

Master and any person agreed by the shipowner

 938) According to Hamburg rules, the signature on the bill of lading may be:
in handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other
mechanical or electronic means, if not inconsistent with the law of the country the cargo is
loaded from
in handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other
mechanical or electronic means, if not inconsistent with the law of the country cargo is
delivered to
in handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any
other mechanical or electronic means, if not inconsistent with the law of the country
the bill of lading is issued
in handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other
mechanical or electronic means, if not inconsistent with the law of the country the
shipowner is registered

 939) How do you define bill's of lading function as a document of title?

The true owner of the bill of lading can deliver it to another person for some valuable
consideration and in this way the ownership of the goods is transferred
The true owner of the bill of lading can deliver it to another person without valuable
consideration and in this way the ownership of the goods is transferred
The holder of the bill of lading can deliver it to another person for some valuable
consideration and in this way the ownership of the goods is transferred
It enables the shipowner to transfer the ownership during the voyage, make it possible for
the owner to raise finance on the security of the goods while in transit

 940) What is the value in law of a letter of indemnity for issuing 'clean on board' bills of lading while mate's
receipts are claused?
Such a letter of indemnity has no value in law and most jurisdictions treat is as null
and void and contrary to public order
By such a letter of indemnity shippers guarantee that if the carrier will held liable for
damages he will be reimbursed for the amount paid
By such a letter of indemnity shippers guarantee that if there are any claims, they will settle
the claim directly with the receivers
By such a letter of indemnity receivers can not consider responsible the carrier and they
have to sue shippers
 941) A 'clean' bill of lading is a
bill of lading issued in accordance with requirements of a Letter of credit and which is always
accepted by the banks
 bill of lading which bears no superimposed clauses or notations which expresely declare
the defective condition or contradicts the quantity, weight or number (as the case may be)
of the cargo
bill of lading which bears superimposed clauses or notations which expresely declare the
defective condition or contradicts the quantity, weight or number (as the case may be) of the
cargo
bill of lading which is issued in accordance with requirements of the charterparty and with
instructions from shippers, charterers and receivers

 942) What is a foul Bill of lading?

A bill of lading issued by the agents on other form than the standard and recomended BIMCO
form
A bill of lading containing false information about the cargo or the shippers/receivers
A bill of lading which contains remarks about the defective order or condition or shortage
of the goods loaded
A bill of lading which contains modified or added clauses to the conditions of carriage

 943) How many original Bills of Lading can be issued?

A bill can be issued in as many originals as required by the shippers with the only condion
that number of originals is clarly inserted into the bill of lading
Maximum three original bills of lading can be issued, no matter what the shippers or charterers
are requesting, in order to avoid fraudulent practices
Only one original bill of lading can be issued, all other bills should marked 'Copy non negotiable',
in order to protect the true holder of the bills of lading
Number of original bills of lading issued depends on the custom at loading and discharging ports
and master has to follow that custom

 944) A through bill of lading is

a document which provides evidence of a contract of carriage from one place to another in
separate stages of which at least one is road transit
a document which provides evidence of a contract of carriage from one place to another in
separate stages of which at least one is sea transit
a document which provides evidence of a contract of carriage from one place to another with the
same vessel or by the same carrier
a contract of carriage from one place to another in separate stages of which at least one is sea
transit

 945) What is the purpose of the 'Paramount Clause' in a bill of lading?

Incorporates the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules

Incorpoatres the Hamburg Rules

Incorporates either Hague, Hague-Visby or Hamburg Rules depending on the port cargo is loaded
 Incorporates either Hague, Hague-Visby or Hamburg Rules

 946) The main particularity of a liner bill of lading is that

usually sets out some fairly basic provisions but otherwise incorporating in general terms, some or
all of the provisions of a pre-existing agreement
usually makes references to carrier's standard terms and conditions which can be obtained from
its office
loading and discharging charges are almost always for owners account
usually sets out in full the contract between the bill of lading holder (except the shipper)
and the carrier under the bill of lading

 947) CONLINEBILL 2000' standard form has 3 boxes markes with (*). By filling in those boxes

the bill of lading becomes a 'charterers' bill of lading'

owners are relieved from responsibility for inland transportation

the bill of lading becomes a 'through bill of lading'

the bill of lading becomes a 'shipped bill of lading'

 948) Minimum content of a bill of lading in mentioned into

Hague Rules

Hague-Visby Rule

Hamburg Rules

York-Antwerp Rules

 949) What is the relationship between Bill of lading and Letter of Credit?

Bill of lading has to be in strict conformity with Letter of Credit requirements, any
discrepancy can delay or refuse payment
Letter of credit has to be issued in strict conformity with content of the Bill of Lading and in this
way there in no discrepancy
Bills of lading has to be issued in accordance with Letter of Credit, but almost always
discrepancies are accepted if they are not too seriuos
Bills of Lading and Letters of Credit are different documents and there is no relationship between
them

 950) Why is it important for the number of signed original Bills of lading to be shown?

to deliver the cargo only against presentation of all originals

 to reduce the risk of fraud

to know how many receivers will ask for delivery of cargo

to reduce the risk of loosing part of them

 951) Which of the below clauses can transform the bill of lading into a 'foul Bill of Lading'

Free in and out

General average to be settled in accordance with York Antwerp rules

Unproper packing

Cargo condition unknown

 952) Under what circumstances is the master allowed to issue a second set of Bills of Lading?
Master will issue a second set of Bills of Lading if the true holder of the bill of lading declares that
he lost the first set
Master will only issue a second set of bills of lading if the first set is returned to the master

Master will issue a second set of bills of lading if the shippers are promising to return the first set
Master will issue a second set of bills o lading if the shippers guarantee they will destroy the first
set

 953) When is the master under un obligation to deliver the goods at destination if the vessel has no reason
to put lien on cargoes?
Immediately after berthing and completion of arrival formalities

After custom clearance has been obtained

After presentation of an original bill of lading

After presentation of all set of original bills of lading

 954) When are Letters of Indemnity for cargo condition and quantity an acceptable practice in the shipping
industry?
They are not an acceptable practice and their use can be considered a fraudulent practice
They can be accepted when remarks on bills of lading are minor and in this way clients are
satisfied
They can be accepted only when there is a long trading relation between charterers and owners

They can be accepted only when there is a long trading relation between shippers and owners

 955) How many 'non negotiable' copies of a bill of lading can be issued?

Maximum 6 non negotiable copies of a bill of lading can be issued

 As many as the shippers require

As many as the master decides and his decision is final

Every copy of the original bill of lading can be considered a non negotiable copy of the bill of lading

 956) What is an accomplished Bill of lading?

One of the set of original Bills of Lading which has been surrendered to the ship's master at the
loading port, allowing the shipper to load and deliver of the cargo to the carrier
Full set of original Bills of Lading which has been surrendered to the ship's master at the discharge
port, allowing the receiver to take delivery of the cargo
One of the set of original Bills of Lading which has been surrendered to the ship's master at
the discharge port, allowing the legal holder to take delivery of the cargo
One of the set of original Bills of Lading which has been surrendered to the bank, allowing the legal
holder to get paid for delivering the cargo to the carrier and complying with Letter of credit

 957) Remarks on the Mate's receipts on cargo quantity and cargo condition

have to be included into bill of lading

can be included into bill of lading

are included into bill of lading if letter of credit allow them

are included into bill of lading if charerparty allow them

 958) Usually mate's receipt for the cargo loaded are signed

before commencement of loading

after completion of loading

during loading part of the cargo

before vessels' departure

 959) Outturn report is a
document prepared by the insurance company of the cargo in which the condition of cargo
discharged from a vessel is noted along with any discrepancies in the quantity compared with the
vessel’s manifest.
document prepared by the custom at discharging port in which the condition of cargo discharged
from a vessel is noted along with any discrepancies in the quantity compared with the bill of lading
detailed report prepared by the master at discharging port to explain why there are discrepancies in
the form of over, short and damaged cargo as compared to the bill of lading
written statement by a stevedoring company in which the condition of cargo discharged
from a vessel is noted along with any discrepancies in the quantity compared with the
vessel’s manifest.
 960) Cargo manifest is
a document prepared on board the ship for statistical purposes and future reference for new
masters
a document drawn up by ship's agent at load port, containing detailed description of the
cargo loaded, used for custom and administrative purposes at load and discharging ports
a list of all cargoes and stores on board prepared by the master before vessel arrives at
discharging port for custom and administrative purposes
a document drawn up by ship's agent at each port of call, containing detailed description of the
cargo loaded and discharged, used for custom and administrative purposes at load and discharging
ports
 961) If a vessel is loading a cargo which can be described as being in apparent good order and condition
and at destination it is delivered in the same apparent good order and condition but damaged inside the
packs then
owners have to prove that cargo was not damaged due to their fault

owners are responsible for the damage as the cargo was under their custody
owners are not under any circumstances responsible as the cargo was delivered in the same
good order and condition
owners can only be responsible if the bill of lading holder prove that the damage was
generated by owners fault

 962) If a vessel is loading a cargo which can be described as being in apparent good order and condition
and at destination it is delivered without being in apparent good order and condition then
owners are responsible for the damages, unless they can prove that cargo was not
damaged by their fault
owners are always responsible as cargo was under their custody

owners can not be responsible if they prove that in fact cargo was damaged prior to shipment
owners can only be responsible if cargo owners prove that cargo was damaged due to owners
fault

 963) If the number of the original bills of lading issued is inserted into the bill of lading then Master can
deliver the cargo:
only if all original are presented

only if at least two originals are presented

against a non negotiable copy of the bill of lading

against one of the original bills of lading issued

 964) In case owners, at charterers' request, agree to discharge the cargo at another port than the one
mentioned into the bill of lading:
The master can release the cargo against one copy of the original bill of lading

The master can release the cargo against one original bill of lading
 The master can release the cargo against full set of original bills of lading
The master can release the cargo against presentation all original and 'not negotiable' copies
issued

 965) If a persons hands over to the master at destination an original bill of lading endorsed in full then

master is under an obligation to deliver the goods to that person

master is under an obligation to deliver the goods to that person only after he proves
that he is the legal representative of the receiver
master is not under an obligation to deliver the goods to that person before all original bills of
lading are presented to him
master is under an obligation to deliver the goods to that person only if he waits a reasonable
period to see if somebody else is asking for the cargo

 966) In case master of a bareboat chartered vessel, which is further employed by a time charter and a
subsequent voyage charter, signs the bills of lading then most probably the carrier will be:
the bareboat owner

the head owners

the time charter owners

the voyage charter owners

 967) In case Mate's receipts are claused in respect of cargo condition then:
Master will sign 'Clean on board' bills of lading only if shippers and receivers sign a Letter of
Indemnity
It is master's option to include them or not into the bill of lading

All remarks must be included into the Bills of Lading

Only remarks accepted by the charterers can be included into Bills of lading

 968) If there is no special provision in a marine bill of lading about transhipment of the cargo then

transhipment of the cargo is always acceptable

it is for forbiden to tranship the cargo

transhipment is allowed only if it is done at usual transhipments ports

transhipment is allowed as along as owners assume full liability

 969) If there is no special provision about bill of lading form

 only BIMCO approved forms must be used

shippers can present any form as along as it in accordance with the custom of the trade

there is no restriction on bill of lading form

it is compulsory to be prinded on a A4 paper

 970) In case master discovers, after signing Bills of lading, that there was a mistake in his draft survey
calculations he can:
use his correct draft survey figures to show the true quantity loaded no matter who the holder of
the bill of lading is
use his correct draft survey figures to show the true quantity loaded only if the bill of
lading is still in the hands of the shipper
use his correct draft survey figures to show the true quantity loaded only if the bill of lading is in
the hands of a bona fide third party
not use his correct draft survey calculations to show the true quantity loaded

 971) If a charterparty bill of lading is issued, the bill of lading can be considered a contract of carriage if

it is in the hands of the charterer

it is in the hands of the shipper who is also the charterer

it is in the hands of a bona fide third party

it is in the hands of the receiver who is also the charterer

 972) What is a dirty Bill of lading?

A bill of lading issued by the agents on other form than the standard and recomended BIMCO form

A bill of lading containing false information about the cargo or the shippers/receivers
A bill of lading which contains remarks about the defective order or condition or shortage of
the goods loaded
A bill of lading which contains modified or added clauses to the conditions of carriage

 973) If, by mistake, port of discharging mentioned into the Bill of Lading released to bona fide third party is
Bucharest, while the charterparty is clearly showing Constanta as discharging port then:
carrier is under an obligation to transport the cargo only up to Constanta, as Bucharest is not a port

carrier is under an obligation to transport the cargo up to the closest sea or river port to Bucharest

carrier is under an obligation to transport the cargo up to its final destination, Bucharest

carrier is entitled to recover any extra expenses from the bill of lading holder

 974) Letters of indemnify for discharging the cargo without presentation of originals:

 are considered a fraudulent practice and can never be accepted by the owners
although sometimes they can be considered fraud, they are accepted as a commercial
solution
can only be accepted if shippers or charterers or receivers bank sign them

can only be accepted if owner has a long standing commercial relation with the receivers

 975) What statement normally appears in the title of a sea waybill?

NEGOTIABLE SEA WAYBILL'

NON NEGOTIABLE SEA WAYBILL'

ORIGINAL SEA WAYBILL'

PARTLY NEGOTIABLE SEA WAYBILL'

 976) If the true receiver presents to the master one of the set of original Bills of Lading and master has no
reason to put lien on cargo then
master release the cargo and return original bill of lading to the receiver

master release the cargo and retain on board a copy of original bill of lading

master do not release the cargo before charaterer instruct him to do so

master release the cargo and retain the original bill of lading

 977) Generally, at whose risk is a deck cargo carried?

at shipper's risk

at carrier's risk

at master's risk

at crew's risk

 978) In cargo shipping context, who is the notify party?

the party whom the carrier is instructed to tender notice of readiness at discharging port
the party whom the carrier is instructed to notify when the goods have arrived at their
destination
the first consignee is always the notify party and arrival notices should be given to him
the party whom the carrier is instructed to deliver the goods when goods have arrived at their
destination
 979) In liner trade, the contract of carriage between carrier and owner of the bill of lading other than the
shipper is
Booking note

Charterparty

Bill of lading

Charterparty Bill of Lading

 980) Under what circumstances is deck cargo excluded from cover by the Hague Visby Rules?
where there is a statement on the face of the bill of lading issued to the shipper that the goods may
be carried on deck, and the goods are, in fact stowed on deck
where there is a statement on the face of the bill of lading issued to the shipper that the
goods are shipped on deck, and the goods are, in fact, stowed on deck
where there is a statement on the face of the bill of lading issued to the shipper that the goods are
shipped on deck, even if the goods are, in fact stowed under deck
where there is a statement on the back of the bill of lading issued to the shipper that the goods can
be shipped on deck, and the goods are, in fact, stowed on deck
981) The Hague or Hague - Visby Rules apply
to contracts of carriage covered by seawaybills or any other similar document of title , is so far e as
such documents refer to carriage of goods by sea
to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any charter party, in so far as the as such
documents refer to carriage of goods by sea
to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any similar ducument of title, in so far as
the as such documents refer to carriage of goods by sea
to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any similar ducument of title, in so far as the as
such documents refer to carriage of goods by sea, land and rail

 982) According with Hague Rules definition of 'goods' includes?

goods, wares, merchandises and articles of any kind whatsoever, except live animals and
cargo which by the contract of carriage is stated as being carried on deck and is so carried
goods, wares, merchandises and articles of any kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo
which by the charterparty the owners have the liberty to carry on deck at their option
goods, wares, merchandises and passengers of any kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo
which by the contract of carriage is stated as being carried on deck and is so carried
goods, wares, merchandises and articles of any kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo
which by the contract of carriage the owners have liberty to carry on deck

 983) When is the shipper entitled to demand issuing of a bill of lading according to Hague Rules?

only after the cargo has been loaded on board the ship

after the carrier has received the goods into his charge

after the cargo is stored into custom's custody

after the carrier inspect the goods on loading berth

 984) According to Hague rules'ship' means

any vessel used in the carriage of goods

any vessel used in the carriage ofgoods or passengers by sea

any vessel used in the carriage of goods and passengers by sea

any vessel used in the carriage of goods by sea, rivers, lakes

 985) Hague - Visby rules do not apply:

bills of lading relating to carriage of goods between ports in the same country
bills of lading relating to carriage of goods between ports in two different states if the bill of lading is
issued in a contracting state
bill of lading relating to carriage of goods between ports in two different states if carriage is from one
port in a contracting state
bills of lading that provides legislation of any state giving effect to the Rules is to govern the contract
of carriage

 986) According to Hamburg rules the carrier is entitled to limit his liability for loss or damage to the cargo to
835 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram at carriers
option
835 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which
ever if the higher
835 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if
the lower
835 Special Drawing Rights per package or in carriers' option 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per
kilogram

 987) According to Hamburg rules the carrier is able to limit his liability for delay in delivery of the cargo
to an amount equivalent to two times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not exceeding the
total freight payable under the contract of carriage of goods by sea
to an amount equivalent to two and a half times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not
exceeding the total freight payable under the respective voyage
to an amount equivalent to two and a half times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but
not exceeding the total freight payable under the contract of carriage of goods by sea
to an amount equivalent to two and a half times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not
exceeding one half of total freight payable under the contract of carriage of goods by sea

 988) Why do deck cargo warrant a special agreement between shipper and carrier under Hague Visby Rules?

Because of the special risks to which goods stowed on deck are exposed
 Because at the time of adoption of the rules, vessels were not very strong

Because cargoes carried on deck make the vessel unseaworthy

Because vessel's stability can be compromised by loading cargo on deck

 989) What is a charterparty bill of lading?

A bill of lading that can replace a charterparty

A bill of lading having the same terms and conditions like a charterparty
A bill of lading used only when the vessel is employed on a charterparty clearly mentioning that all
bills will be subject to charterparty
A bill having clauses that incorporate all terms, conditions, liberties and exceptions of a
charterparty

 990) The fundamental difference between a seawybill and a bill of lading is:

Seawaybill is not a document of title

Seawaybill is used only on short distance

Seawaybill is used only in container trade

Seawaybill is not always negotiable

 991) Which of the below documents are used for drawing up bills of lading for general cargoes?

Statement of facts

draft survey reports

Mate's receipts

Preloading survey reports

 992) A bill of lading issued 'to order', without naming any other person or firm, has to be first indorsed by:

the charterer

the notify party

the shipper

the receiver

 993) A master had inspected a parcel of iron rods in coils and found some rusty. Nonetheless, he negligently
failed to instruct the the mate to clause the mate's receipts accordingly and shippers presented for signature
'clean on board' bills of lading. Under these circumstances:
 the master is entitled to sign bills of lading with remarks

the master is entitled to show that cargo is not clean

the master is obliged to sign 'clean on board' bills of lading

the master can ask for an independent survey and his decision is final

 994) If a master is forced to sign a 'clean on board' bill of lading, when he considers that it should have been
claused, he should:
ask for a letter of indemnity not to be kept responsible for cargo damages

issue a letter protest and send it to shippers/receivers/P&I club

stop the vessel outside the port and ask for a new bill to be issued

issue a letter of protest and sent it to BIMCO/International Maritime Bureau

 995) If the master delivers the cargo to a holder of one original bill of lading, although another person is the
lawful holder of the bill of lading:
the owners are responsible for wrong delivery of the cargo

the owners are exempted from any liability

the owners may be liable for missdelivery

the owners can be liable if Hague Rules apply

 996) Where no bills of lading have been issued

the master is entitled to deliver the cargo as required by the charterer

the master is required to deliver the cargo to the entity mate's receipt has been issued to
the master is required to deliver the goods to the holder of mate's receipt no matter if he is the
original shipper or not
the master is entitled to keep the goods until one original bill of lading is issued

 997) As a general rule, the bill of lading has to be issued to

the owner of the cargo

the exporter or freight forwarder

the person in possesion of mate's receipt

the person a charterparty has been made with

 998) If the shipper does not demand a bill of lading, according to Hague Rules

the carrier is bound to issue one based on information from Mate's receipt

the carrier is not bound to issue a bill of lading at all

the carrier is bound to issue a bill of lading before vessel arrives at discharging port

the carrier is bount to issue a bill of lading at receivers' request

 999) Hague rules apply

from tackle at loading port to delivery at discharging port

from taking that cargo into owners custody at load port to final delivery at discharging port

from taking that cargo into owners custody at load port to tackle at discharging port

from tackle to tackle

 1000) The main particularity of a 'charterparty' bill of lading is that

loading and discharging charges are almost always for charterers account and this is made clear
by the bill's of lading terms, conditions, liberties and exceptions
usually makes references to the carrier's standard terms and conditions of carriage and same can
be obtained from its office at charterer's request
usually sets out some fairly basic provisions about carriage but otherwise incorporating in
general terms, some or all of the provisions of a pre-existing agreement
usually sets out in full the contract of carriage between the bill of lading holder (except the
shipper) and the carrier under the bill of lading
 1001) A cargo can be considered delivered

on discharging from the vessel

after the cargo has been stored in a terminal belonging to the stevedoring company

on handing it over to the consignee or his receiver

after the cargo pass ship's rail at discharging port

 1002) A bill of lading function as a receipt of the freight if

expression 'freight prepaid' is included in the bill of lading

expression 'freight payable as per charterparty' is included in the bill of lading

expression 'freight pre payable' is included in the bill of lading

expression 'freight to be paid' is included in the bill of lading

 1003) According to Hague rules the carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for
and discharge the goods carried. In this context, do the words 'properly and carefully' imply the same degree of
care as exercising due diligence?
Yes - the same degree of care

No - a greater degree of care

No - a lower degree of care

can not be said as it depends on particular circumstances of the case

 1004) What would be the legal effect of a failure by the carrier to show that he exercised due diligence to make
the vessel seaworthy?
if a cargo owner can show that his loss was caused by a failure of the carrier to exercise due
diligence to make the vessel seaworthy, the carrier will still be able limit his liability
even if a cargo owner can show that his loss was caused by a failure of the carrier to exercise due
diligence to make the vessel seaworthy, the carrier will still be able limit his liability
even if a cargo owner can not show that his loss was caused by a failure of the carrier to exercise
due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy, the carrier will not be able limit his liability
if a cargo owner can show that his loss was caused by a failure of the carrier to exercise due
diligence to make the vessel seaworthy, the carrier will not be able limit his liability

 1005) After one of the set of original bills of lading is presented to the master and delivery is made in exchange
of this bill, what happens to the other bills in the set
they may still be presented to the master for delivery

they become null and void

they are still valid and can be used to transfer the property in the goods

they are destroyed by the master

 1006) What is a shipped Bill of Lading?

a bill of lading issued when part of the goods are loaded on board the ship

a bill of lading issued when goods have been loaded on board a ship

a bill of lading issued before the vessel sails from the loading port
a bill of lading issued issued when the carrier receive the goods into his care, before loading into
onto the ship

 1007) If a mate's Receipt has been claused by the ship, e.g. with remarks about rust on steel plates, what may
a master expect to see when presented with the Bill of Lading for signature?
a bill of lading marked 'clean on board' based on a letter of indemnity from the shippers

remarks with similar implications even if wording is different

exactly the same remarks on the face of the Bill of Lading

 exactly the same remarks on the back of the Bill of Lading

 1008) What should a master of a tanker which has just completing loading do if the ship's cargo figure is greater
than the shipper?
Enter the shipper's figures on the Bill of Lading

Enter the ship's figure on the Bill of lading

Issue a letter of protest to the shippers

ask for an independent survey

 1009) According to Hague Visby Rules the carrier is entitled to limit his liability for loss or damage to the cargo
to
666,67 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram at carriers
option
666,67 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which
ever if the higher
666,67 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if
the lowerr
835 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if
the higher

 1010) If a vessel is loading more lots of cargo and shippers demand one bill of lading for each lot, what would
be the date of the bills of lading issued
date of completion loading for all cargo

date of completion loading for each lot

date of sailing from loading port

any date required by the shippers

1011) What is a time charter?

a contract for hire of a named vessel, with or without crew, for a specified period of time
a contract for hire of a named vessel together with services of the crew for a specified period of
time
a contract for hire of vessel which will be nominated at a latter stage for certain period of time

a contract for carriage of a cargo from one place to another where freight is paid per day

 1012) Which of the ship's expenses mentioned below are covered by the time charterer?

crew expenses

bunker used during off - hire periods

 class inspections

canal expenses

 1013) A bareboat chartered ship is employed on a time charter and a subsequent voyage charter. Which of the
below is the party responsible for vessels seaworthiness
Head owner

bareboat charterer

time charterer

voyage charterer

 1014) For a vessel employed into a time charter risks for delay due to bad weather, port congestion and strikes
in port are
for owners account

for time charterers account

shared between owners and charterers

for voyage charterers account

 1015) For a time chartered vessel to be considered off-hire

it is enough that charterers consider her off-hire

it is required that charterers obtain an arbitration award

it is required that reasons for off-hire are mentioned in an off-hire clause

it is always required that owners agree with charterers allegations

 1016) A time charter for one single voyage is known as

Round Trip Charter

Trip Charter

Time Charter for one voyage

Head Charter

 1017) For owners it is recommended to conclude a time charter agreements if

freight market is expected to rise

 freigh market is expected to remain constant

freight market is expected to decrease

it is hard to estimate what the market will be

 1018) When the word 'about' is used in a time charterparty to describe the speed then
medium speed, under good weather, during each voyage should be equal with the speed mentioned in
the charterparty
medium speed, under good weather, during each voyage can be lower with 0.5 Knots than the
speed mentioned in the charterparty
medium speed, under good weather, during each voyage can be lower with 1 Knot than the speed
mentioned in the charterparty
speed can never be lower with more than 0.5 Knots than the speed mentioned in the charterparty

 1019) If a vessel will be de delivered into a time charter 'APS Constanta” it means that

vessel will be delivered when she takes pilot at Constanta and proceeds to loading berth

vessel will be delivered when she drops pilot at Contanta on her way out of the port

vessel will be delivered when she arrives at Constanta Pilot Station

vessel will be delivered when she is within administrative, fiscal and commercial area of the port of
Constanta

 1020) If a vessel will be delivered into a time charter 'DOP Constanta” it means that

vessel will be delivered when she takes pilot at Constanta and proceeds to loading berth
vessel will be delivered when she gets out of commercial, fiscal and administrative area of the port of
Constanta
vessel will be delivered when she pass Constanta Pilot Station on her way out of the port

vessel will be delivered when she drops pilot at Contanta on her way out of the port

1021) If a vessel under discharging in Galati will be delivered into a time charter 'DLOSP Sulina” it means that

vessel will be delivered when she pass Sulina Pilot Station on her way out of the port

vessel will be delivered when she drops last river pilot and takes sea pilot
vessel will be delivered when she gets out of commercial, fiscal and administrative area of the port of
Sulina
vessel will be delivered when she drops last sea pilot at Sulina and proceeds to the sea

 1022) What is the main particularity of a Time Charter?

 Vessel is from all points of view under charterers control for a long period of time

Vessel is from administrative point of view under charterers direct control for a limited period of time
vessel is from commercial point of view under charterers direct control for a limited period of
time
vessel is from both commercial and administrative point of view under charterers direct control for a
limited period of time

 1023) How is the hire usually paid for a vessel under time charter?

Hire is usually paid at internvals of 15 or 30 days

Hire is usually paid in advance for 15 or 30 days

Hire is ussualy paid in 5 days after owners require payment

Hire is usually paid at the end of every 15 or 30 days

 1024) What can owners do if time charterers do not pay hire in time?

They should send to the charterers a notification after due date and if the charterers do not pay
during grace period, owners can withdraw the vessel from time charterers' service
They should send to the charterers a notification before due date and if the charterers do not pay during
grace period, owners can withdraw the vessel from time charterers' service
They should send to the charterers at least 3 notifications after due date and if the charterers do not pay,
owners can withdraw the vessel from time charterers' service
They should wait at least 10 days before they send to the charterers a notification to pay and if the
charterers do not pay, owners can withdraw the vessel from time charterers' service

 1025) Who is covering canal transit expenses and who is bearing risks of delay for a vessel under time charter?

Canal Transit expenses are covered by the charterers and risks for delay are on owners account

Canal transit expenses and risks for delay are shared 50/50 between owners and charterers

Canal transit expenses and risks for delay are covered by the charterers

Canal transit expenses are covered by the owners and risks for delay are on charterers account

 1026) What are the points that can not miss from a delivery/redelivery clause in a time charterparty?

A clear identification of loading and discharging ports

A clear description of bunker consumption and speed

A clear description of on-hire and off-hire procedure

A clear identification of delivery and redelivery points

 1027) What cargoes can charterers load on a vessel under time charter?

Any lawful cargoes

Lawful cargoes except those specifically excluded by charterparty

Any cargoes the vessel is built to carry as long as they are not dangerous
Any cargoes charterers consider suitable, as they will be responsible if vessel is redelivered in a
damaged condition

 1028) What do you understand by 'Ballast Bonus' in a time charter?

It means that if the vessel will ballast for long time between loaded legs owners are entitled to a
compensation for all their extra expenses for loss of time and money
It means that if the vessel is far away from delivery point charterers agree to compensate owners
for the long ballast trip with an agreed amount to cover part of owners expenses
It means that if the vessel is far away from delivery point charterers agree to compensate owners for all
expenses for the long ballast trip up to delivery point
It means that if the vessel is far away from delivery point charterers agree to compensate owners for the
long ballast trip with a daily amount which is lower than agreed daily hire

 1029) Are the shipowners of a time chartered vessel entitled to put lien on a cargo carried by the vessel under a
voyage charter for non payment of hire?
The shipowners are entitled to put lien on cargo as they have all the rights to recover the hire
The shipowners have no right to put lien on cargoes carried by the vessel, as voyage charterer
most probably paid all freight to time charter
The shipowners are entitled to put lien on cargo as by the time charter they usually have the right to
recover any subfreights due to time charterer
The shipowners are entitled not to discharge the cargo before they are paid the hire in full

 1030) What is happening if a time chartered vessel is withdrawn from the service of time charerers in the middle
of a voyage and 'freight prepaid' bills have been released?
The owners have the right to discharge the cargo at the nearest port if they are not paid the outstanding
hire in full
The owners have to deliver the cargo as per voyage charter party no matter if they are paid or not
The owners have to perform the voyage up to the end, but they will not deliver the cargo unless
outstanding hire is paid in full
the owners have the right to return to the loading port and discharge the cargo if they are not paid

 1031) What is a shipmaster's legal position in relation to a time charterer?

The master should follow time charterer's instructions in so far as they relate to the administrative activities
of the ship
The master should follow time charterer's instructions in so far as they relate to the commercial
activities of the ship
The master should follow time charterer's instructions in so far as they relate to the management of the
 ship
The master should always ask owners for instructions when he receives orders from the time charterer

 1032) Can a time charterer have a master dismissed?

the charterparty always give the time charterer the power to change the master
the charterparty may require owners to investigate complains by charterers regarding the master,
and replace him if required
the time charterers have no right to claim anything against the master, since he is employed and paid by
the shipowners
the time charterers can replace the master with another one if they pay for his salary

 1033) What inspections of a vessel will a time charterer always make on delivery?

a full inspection of the hull an ship's equipments

a short visit in all compartments to check if they are proper maintained

on hire survey

off hire survey

 1034) If a time chartered vessel is not in the same good order and condition at redelivery, who will be liable for
the cost of repairs
owners

charterers

insurance company

stevedores

 1035) Is it permissible for a time charterer to redeliver a vessel without holds/tanks beeing cleaned?

Under no circumstances a vessel can be redeliered dirty

If agreed, yes. A sum in compensation to the owners will normally be provided for in the
timecharter
Yes, always vessel will be delivered dirty as she would be in the same condition if she was under a
voyage charter employement
Depends on what is the redelivery point as crew can clean it up if the ballast voyage is longer

 1036) How is the hire paid under a bareboat charter-party?

hire is paid when charterers receive the freight for every voyage perfomed
 hire is paid in advance according with charater-party terms

hire is paid at the end of each period agreed by both parties

hire is paid in advance at the beginning of each year

 1037) What is the main concern of an owner chartering his ship on a charter by demise?

the owner is mainly concerned with charterers competence in fixing the ship profitably
the owner is concerned with vessel performing voyages with required speed and without extra bunker
consumption
the owner is mainly concerned with charterers competence in maintaining the ship is a good
technical condition
the owner is mainly concerned with crew competence in performing their job

 1038) What are the bareboat owners options if after an inspection the vessel is found with serious technical
deficiencies?
the owners have no legal right to interfere, charterers will be responsble if at the end of the contract the
vessel is not redelivered in the same good order and condition as on delivery
the owners will start legal proceeding against the charterers
the owners will put charterers on notice to rectify deficiences and if same are not rectified will
withdraw the vessel from charterers service
the owners will inform port state control in the next port of call and ask them to arrest the vessel until
deficiences are rectified

 1039) In which of the below types of charter-parties are the disponent owners NOT entitled to employ a bareboat
chartered vessel?
bareboat charter-parties

time charter-parties

consecutive voyage charter-parties

contracts of affreightment

 1040) Is the disponent owner entitled to borrow money and mortgage the bareboat chartered ship?
The disponent owner is entitled to borrow money and mortgage the ship, as he has vessel's possesion
during the charter-party
the disponent owner is not entitled to borrow money and to mortgage the ship, as he is not the
owner of the ship
the disponent owner can borrow money and mortgage the ship only if the next freight is higher than the
loan
the disponent owner is entitled to borrow money and mortgage the ship if the charter-party contains a
special provision
1041) In a bareboat charter bunker expenses are covered by

shipowner
bareboat
charterer
depends on
charter-party
terms and
conditions
both shipowner
and bareboat
charterer

 1042) The master of a demise chartered ship

is the servant of
the charterers
is the servant of
the owners
is the servant of
both owners and
charterers
is the servant of
the charterers, but
has to follow also
orders from
owners

 1043) Who earns the salvage reward if a bareboat chartered vessel is earning salvage?

shipowners
bareboat
charterers
it is shared
between
shipowners and
bareboat
charterers
H&M insurers of
the vesel

 1044) In a bareboat charter P&I and H&M expenses are covered by

shipowners

charterers
shipowners for
P&I insurance and
charterers for
H&M insurance
 charterers for P&I
insurance and
shipowners for
H&M insurance

 1045) If a bareboat chartered vessel is seriously damaged who pays for repairs to bring the vessel to a seaworthy
condition?
Disponent
owners
Head owners
Charterers have
the option to
declare the vessel
total loss
Depends who is
the party
responsible for the
damage

 1046) Will the master of a bareboat chartered vessel maintain communication with the head owners?
Master will only
maintain
communication
with disponent
owners
Master will always
report to head
owner vessel's
position and next
emloyement
Master will reply
to head owners
requirements
either direct or
via his disponent
owners
Master is not
allowed to
communicate with
the head owner

 1047) Before proceeding on a voyage, the master of a time chartered vessel decides to disregard charterers orders
as to the specific course of the voyage and to follow a route which he considers preferable. Under these
circumstances:
the master is
entitled to proceed
like this, as the
master is the one
deciding about all
navigation aspects
 the master is
entitled to proceed
like this, as he is
the one
responsible for the
safety of the
ship/crew and
cargo
the master has to
follow charterers
orders, as they
reffer to the
commercial
operation of the
vessel
the master has to
follow always
charterers orders
in a time charter
otherwise, vessel
will be placed off-
hire

 1048) Where a ship is time chartered, which ship costs are generally paid by the time charterer?

operating costs
operating and
voyage costs
voyage costs

capital costs

 1049) What inspections are normal at redelivery at the end of a time charter?

on hire survey
detailed survey of
hull and
machinery
off hire survey
detailed survey of
open spaces

 1050) Who is the legal carrier under a time charter if the bills are signed by the master

shipowners

time charterers

voyage charterers
 disponent owners

 1051) Where there is a doubt over who the carrier is what should the master of a time
chartered vessel do?

assume that time chartererers are legally the carrier and wait for their instructions

assume that owners are legally the carrier and take care of the cargo and
documentation accordingly
assume that voyage charterers are legally the carrier and wait for their instruction
and then ask owners for approval
assume that either owners and time charterers can be considered carriers and
ask both of them for instructions

 1052) How do owners of a time chartered ship ensure that they will have the oportunity to
carry out proper maintenance and repairs during a lengthy period time charter?

by stopping the vessel when repairs are required

by employing repair teams on board during voyages

by inserting into charterparty a drydocking clause

by asking for charterers permission to carry out repairs and maintenance

 1053) For a dry cargo vessel employed under a time charter, speed and bunker
consumption are usually guaranteed

if wind force is below 4 on Beaufort Scale

for every kind of weather

if wind force is below 7 on Beaufort Scale

if sea grade is below 5 on Douglas Scale

 1054) What documents should the master expect to be given by an on-hire surveyor at the
commencement of a time charter?
 a full packing list with cargoes to be loaded after completion of survey report and
a proposed stowage plan
a detailed survey report with surveyor's findings about vessels hull, machinery
and bunaker on board
a delivery certificate confirming date and time of hand-over, bunkers on
board and conditions of holds/tanks
a delivery certificate confirming name of owners, name of time charterers and
duration of the contract

 1055) What should a master do if his ship is delayed on a delivery voyage?

Stop the vessel and wait for charterers to decide if they cancel the charterparty or
not
Continue with all despatch to the delivery place and check with owners for
instructions

Give false information to charterers about vessel's arrival date

Reduce speed and wait for charterers to decide if they cancel the carterparty or
not

 1056) What is probably the most commonly defined trading area in time charters for a vessel
trading worldwide?

withing Institute Navigation Limits

between good and safe ports

within Institute Warranty Limits

outside Institute Warranty Limits

 1057) How might a shipowner fixing his ship on time charter seek to protect himself from
action by the ITF?
by employing non union stevedoring companies if the vessel call countries where
ITF rules are strictly followed ( Scandinavian countries, Australia etc.)
by prohibiting the time charterer from sending the vessel to countries
where ITF rules are strictly followed ( Scandinavian countries, Australia
etc.)
 by discharging the cargo using crew services if the vessel call countries where
ITF rules are strictly followed ( Scandinavian countries, Australia etc.)
by fixing the cargo only on liner out basis if the vessel call countries where ITF
rules are strictly followed ( Scandinavian countries, Australia etc.)

 1058) What is the usual loading rate in the liner trades?

In liner trades loading is usually arranged by shipowners and usual loading

rate is 'as fast as the vessel can receive'
In liner trades loading is usually arranged by the charterers and usual loading
rate is in accordance with custom of the port
In liner trades loading is usually arranged by shipowners and usual loading rate
is '2000 metric tons per running day'
In liner trades loading is usually arranged by the charterers and usual loading
rate is in accordance with charter-party terms and conditions

 1059) If a liner vessel is under loading operation and cargo booked has not yet arrived the
master

should wait for the cargo in order not to loose freight

should load whatever cargo is available and sail in order not to delay ship's
schedule
should continue loading operation and if cargo can not be loaded he will
hand to the shippers a deadfreight letter

should wait for instructions from the shippers

 1060) What is the name of the document used to charter space on a liner vessel?

Booking Note

Charter-party

Book of Lading

Bill of Lading
 1061) Who is usually appointing and who is paying the stevedoring company in liner trades?

stevedoring company is appointed and paid by the owners

stevedoring company is appointed and paid by the charterers

stevedoring company is appointed by the owners, but is paid by the charterers

stevedoring company is appointed by the charterers, but is paid by the owners

 1062) Who is covering dunnaging, lashing and securing expenses in liner trades?

charterers

shipowners

shippers

freight forwarders

 1063) Which of below is the contract of carriage in liner trades between shipper and the
carrier?

Bill of lading

Booking note

Depends on terms of the fixture

charter-party

 1064) What do you understand by abbreviation 'ILOHC'?

It means that charterers have the option to redeliver the vessel not cleaned
against payment of a lumpsum amount
 It means that owners have the option to deliver the vessel not cleaned against
payment of a lumpsum amount
It means that owners have the option to redeliver the vessel not cleaned against
payment of a lumpsum amount
It means in case charterers redeliver the vessel cleaned they are entitled to receive a
lumpsum amount

 1065) What is the deadweight of a Panamax vessel?

between 35,000 and 75,000 dwt

between 45,000 and 90,000 dwt

between 50,000 and 80,000 dwt

between 80,000 and 120,000 dwt

 1066) Dry cargo market can be considered

a monopolistic market

an oligopolistic market

close to perfect competitive model

a mixture between monopolistic and perfect competive model

 1067) In the liner shipping one of the main features is the existence of conferences. A
conference is a
a regular and international meeting of all carriers operating scheduled liner services
between some designated ports, with the purpose of discussing problems of mutual
interest
a group of carriers, which are operating scheduled liner services between
designated ports, joined together for the purpose of establishing common
freight rates
 a company which is operating scheduled liner services between designated ports
and maintain fixed freight rates for a long period of time
structure gathering together all liner shipping companies with the only purpose of
limiting competition and increasing freight rates

 1068) What can be said about the relationship between unit costs and ships deadweight if
there are modern cargo handling equipments available in ports

unit costs is increasing while deadweight is increasing

unit cost is decreasing while deadweight is increasing

unit cost is not dependent on deadweight

unit cost is always constant

 1069) What is a freight forwarder?

a firm specialising in paying the freight for and on behalf of the charterers and
preparing the logistic process
a firm which contract with the carrier for the carriage of goods by sea and arrange
loading and/or discharging operations
a firm specialising in the export and/or import of goods on behalf of exporters
or importer and is usually acting as a shipper
a firm specialising in the export and/or import of goods on behalf of shipowners and
is usually acting as shipper

 1070) Liner shipping can be considered

a market dominated in the same time by monopol and perfect competition

a perfect competitive market

an oligopolistic market

a monopolistic market
 1071) What is the deadweight of a handysize vessel?

between 18,000 and 35,000 dwt

between 18,000 and 45,000 dwt

between 22,000 and 35,000 dwt

between 38,000 and 45,000 dwt

 1072) What is the deadweight of a handymax vessel?

between 28,000 and 45,000 dwt

between 35,000 and 42,000 dwt

between 38,000 and 52,000 dwt

between 38,000 and 48,000 dwt

 1073) What is the deadweight of a supramax vessel?

between 48,000 and 58,000 dwt

between 45,000 and 56,000 dwt

between 52,000 and 58,000 dwt

between 38,000 and 58,000 dwt

 1074) What is the deadweight of a capesize vessel?

between 70,000 and 150,000 dwt

 between 80,000 and 180,000 dwt

between 120,000 and 180,000 dwt

between 110,000 and 220,000 dwt

 1075) What documents are typically required to be obtained by the seller under the terms of a
Letter of Credit?

a set of original, 'clean on board' Bills of Lading made out 'to order'

a commercial invoice

a preloading survey of the cargo

a certificate of insurance

 1076) In which of the below delivery terms the risks are transferred from the seller to the buyer
on passing ship's rail at loading port?

FOB

CFR

DEQ

FCA

 1077) Which of below clauses you would expect to see both in sale contract and in a voyage
charter-party?

loading and discharging clauses

commencement of laytime clauses

payment of freight clauses

 general average clauses

 1078) Which of the below delivery terms are used only in maritime transportation?

CFR

CPT

FAS

DDP

 1079) What are the main requirements of packing that are important in maritime transportation?

to be original

to be esthetic

to be light

to be resistant

 1080) Which of the below delivery terms are used only in maritime transportation?

FOB

FCA

DES

DDU

 1081) What are the documents usualy required by a sale contract, involving maritime
transportation, to prove the quantity of cargo loaded
 Seaway bill

Bill of Lading

Mate's receipt

Draft survey report

 1082) Which of below can NOT be considered delivery terms belonging to Group 'F' of
INCOTERMS 2000

FOB

FIO

FAS

FAC

 1083) Which of below can NOT be considered delivery terms belonging to Group 'C' of
INCOTERMS 2000

CFR

CAF

CIP

CPD

 1084) What are the international uniform rules used for interpretation of trade terms defining
obligations and right of seller and buyer in an international sale of goods transactions?

Hague Rules

INCOTERMS
 RAFTD

UNCITRAL

 1085) Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of general
cargoes?

Baltimore Form C

Gencon

Synacomex

Multiform

 1086) Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of iron ore
cargoes?

Australore

C(ore) 7

Nipponore

Stemmor

 1087) Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of petroleum
products?

Bptankvoy

Mobilvoy

Intertankvoy

Afratankvoy
 1088) Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of coal
cargoes?

Coalvoy

Medcon

Medcoal

Baltcon

 1089) Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of grain ore
cargoes?

Austral

Norgrain

Synacomex

Norvgrain

 1090) Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of timber
cargoes?

Medwood

Nanywood

Blackseawood

Nubaltwood

 1091) Which of the below clauses can be considered as implied in a contract of carriage of goods
by sea?

payment of freight clause

 seaworthiness clause

deviation clause

discharge port nomination clause

 1092) If a charter-party does not specifically exclude dangerous cargoes the owner can refuse to
load them if

the cost of implementing safety measures is very high

the crew is refusing to participate in the process of loading and discharging

it is impossible to safely carry them up to final destination

the extra expenses involved are higher than the bugdeted expenses

 1093) The general rule in maritime transportation is that cargo is carried below deck. Which of the
below can be considered exceptions from this rule?
there is a special provision in the contract of carriage allowing the shipowner to
load cargoes on deck

such cargoes are usually caried on deck

ship's stability require some cargo to be loaded on deck

carriage of containers

 1094) What are the traditional forms of employment for merchant ships?

on contracts of affreighment markets

on liner services

on voyage and time charter markets

 on bareboat charter markets

 1095) Which of the below abbreviations refer to spliting of loading and discharging expenses in a
voyage charter agreement?

FOB

FIOS

LILO

FLT

 1096) Which of the below can be considered examples of unseaworthiness?

inadequate bunkers

incompetent or insufficient crew

accidents after commencement of the voyage

failure to hold necessary class documents

 1097) What are two options available for payment of freight according with Gencon 94 standard
form?

prepaid

payable after delivery

payable as per charter-party

on delivery
 1098) Which of the below obligations of the shipowners can be considered as implied in any
contract of carriage governed by Hague Rules?

to arrive at loading port before cancelling date

to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy before and at the beginning
of the voyage

to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy during the voyage

to perform the voyage within a reasonable time

 1099) Which of the below charterers obligations can be considered implied in any contract of
carriage?

to nominate loading and discharging ports in their geographic order

to load only cargoes that are suitable for the vessel employed

to present for signature bills of lading that are in accordance with charter-party
terms

to have the cargo ready for loading, before vessels arrival at loading port

 1100) Which of the below charter-parties are approved?

accepted charter-parties

adopted charter-parties

recommended charter-parties

agreed charter-parties

 1101) In which of the below situation a ship can be considered unseaworthy if the contract of
carriage is governed by Hague - Visby Rules

the ship is listed 8 degrees on port side on sailing

the vessel has no chief officer and the position is required by safe maning certificate
 during the voyage one of the seamen forget a light turned on inside the hold and the cargo
is partly damaged

on departure from bunkering port, the vessel has serious engine problems

 1102) War Cancelling clauses are usually used in

voyage charter-parties

time charter-parties

bareboat charter-parties

consecutive voyage charter-parties

 1103) If shippers have loaded dangerous cargo without owners consent, but with master's approval

the owners have no mean of recourse against charterers

the owners have the option to terminate the charter-party and ask for damages

the owners have the option of keeping the charter valid and ask for a higher freight

the owners are under an obligation to carry the cargo up to its final destination without extra
freight

 1104) Which of the below abbreviations are used when loading costs are covered by one party and
discharging costs by the other?

FIO

FILO

LINNER TERMS

LIFO
 1105) In the law relating to contracts of carriage of goods by sea the terms as classified as

conditions

warranties

innominate terms

indefinite terms

 1106) Which of the below can be considered advantages of arbitration over litigation for the disputing
parties?

expert knowledge of arbitrators

lower costs

more publicity

faster settlement

 1107) Which of the below can be considered common law obligations of all sea carriers?

to provide a vessel which is seaworthy for the purpose of the contract (when the
contract is made)
the carriers vessel must not deviate from the contract route or the usual route
unjustifiably
to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy before the commencement of the
voyage
to ensure that the vessel will be ready to load the cargo and proceed on the voyage
with reasonable despatch
 1108) What forms do seaworthiness take in carriage of goods law?

fittedness for the intended voyage

fitted for encountering all sea perils

cargoworthiness

technical seaworthiness

 1109) In which of the below situations a vessel may be held to be unseaworthy

vessels sailed from last port without statutory certificates

vessel holds are not properly fitted for the cargo

vessel has unproperly qualified master or officers

vessel doesn't carry latest version of charts

 1110) Which of the below exclussions from liability are allowed for a common law carrier, i.e. the
common law exceptions?

Act of God

act, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilor or other servant of the carrier

Jettisson or other proper General Average sacrifice

negligence of the consignor

 1111) In which of the below circumstances it would be appropriate for a master to issue a letter of
protest?

when there is a discrepancy between ship's and shore cargo figures

when dock workers are misusing ship's equipment

after every case of General Average

 after the ship has been damaged from any cause

 1112) In which of the below circumstances it would be appropriate for a master to issue a letter of
protest?

when cargo is loaded too fast or too slow

after the ship has been damaged from any cause

when stevedores are damaging the ship

after an accident at sea

 1113) What kind of deviations would probably be regarded in law as unjustifiable?

taking a route which is not the custom of the trade, for purely private reasons

deviation due to the default of the charterers

putting into an intermediate port or place for stores or provisions which are not esential
to the safe completion of the voyage
putting into a port for bunkers for a future voyage when there is no clause in the
contract of carriage allowing it

 1114) Which of the below can be considered forms of calculating the freight?

freight per weight

freight per measurement

lumpsum freight

freight per time

 1115) Which of the below expressions are usually used into a bill of lading in respect of payment of
freight?

Freight prepaid

Freight payable as per charterparty

Freight pre payable

Freight payable at destination

 1116) Which of the below factors have an impact on freight?

distance between loading and discharging ports

port expenses

bunker price

loading and discharging rates in a FIO fixture

 1117) Freigh can be calculated

per metric or long or short ton of cargo

per deadweight all told

per cargo measurement or volume

ad valorem

 1118) Freight can be calculated

 per weight or measurement

as a lumpsum amount

per gross or net tonnage

per displacement

 1119) Which of the below clauses in respect of freight payment can be accepted in the charterparty?

Freight payable within 3 banking days from signing/releasing bills of lading marked
'freight payable as per charter party'

Freight payable within 3 banking days from releasing bills of lading marked 'freight prepaid'

Freight payable within 3 banking days after true and right delivery of the cargo

Freight payable before releasing bills of lading market 'freight prepaid'

 1120) Which of the below clauses in respect of freight payment can be accepted in the charterparty?

Freight payable within 3 banking days after true and right delivery of the cargo

Freight payable within 3 banking days from releasing bills of lading marked 'freight prepaid'

Feight payable before breaking bulk

Freight payable at destination

1121) What is deadfreight?

A sum of liquidated damages charged by the shipowner to the charterer for his failure to load
the vessel up to her maximum deadweight cargo capacity
A sum of liquidated damages charged by the shipowner to the charterer for failure to
load the maximum quantity of cargo shipowner is entitled to require
A sum of liquidated damages charged by the shipowner to the charterer for their
failure to load the minimum quantity of cargo they are under obligation to provide
A sum of liquidated damages charged by the charterer to the shipowner for failure to load the
maximum quantity of cargo charterer is entitled to offer
 1122) In a contract of carriage of goods by sea, in respect of what claims has the carrier a common law
possesory lien?

unpaid freight

demurrage or detention

general average charges

money spent in protecting the cargo

 1123) When is the shipowner entitled to freight without deductions?

When goods arrive at destination with minor damages

When goods arrive at destination such badly damaged that they are unmerchantable in the
sense that they no longer answer to their commercial description

only part of the goods arrive at destination

only part of the goods arrive at destination and freight is agreed on lumpsum basis

 1124) A ship with deadweight cargo capacity of 35,000 metric tons has loaded 32.500 metric tons and
no further cargo is available. Under these circumstances master is required to issue a dead freight letter
if vessel was employed on expression

31,000 metric tons 5 percent more or less in owners option

34,000 metric tons 5 percent more or less in charterers option

min/max 33,000 metric tons

min/max 32,000/33,000 metric tons

 1125) Which of the below can be considered forms of setting the freight?

per cargo weight

per number of days

according to Word Scale

per deadweight all told

 1126) Which of the below factors have an inpact on freight level?

sudden change of weather after charter-party date

distance between ports

bunker price

change of bunker price during voyage

 1127) Which of the below factors can have an influence on the freight rate?

Charterparty form

Bill of Lading form

Type of cargo

Port expenses

 1128) Which of the below factors can influence the level of freight?

Geographic area of operation

 Anticipated weather in the area of operation

bunker price

sudden change of weather during the voyage

 1129) Which of the below factors can influence the level of freight?

Charterparty form

Political situation in the area where port of loading and/or port of discharging are
situated
Change of political situation in the area where port of loading and/or port of discharging are
situated after charter-party date

inclusion of weekends and holidays in laytime

 1130) Which of the below can be considered forms of calculating the freight

freight ad valorem

freight per weight

freight per distance

lumpsum freight

 1131) A ship with deadweight cargo capacity of 32,800 metric tons has loaded 32.500 metric tons and no
cargo is available. Under these circumstances master is required to issue a dead freight letter if vessel
was employed on expression

31,000 metric tons 5% moloo

31,000 metric tons 5 pct molchop

min/max 32,000/33,000 metric tons

33,000 metric tons 5% lchop

 1132) What are the major types of lien of importance to seafarers?

possesory liens

cargo liens

property liens

maritime liens

 1133) What are the main features of maritime lien that distinguish it from a possessory lien?

a maritime lien is a lien against the property whereas a possessory lien is a lien against
the person
a maritime lien is a lien against the person whereas a possessory lien is a lien against the
property
possessory lien is dependent on possession of the property whereas maritime lien is not
dependent on possession
possessory lien is not dependent on possession of the property whereas maritime lien is
dependent on possession

 1134) Which of below can be considered maritime liens?

salvor's lien on ship and/or her cargo for his reward

master's lien on the ship for his wages

carrier's lien on cargo for non payment of freight

bunker supplier's lien on the ship for payment of bunker

 1135) Which of the below can be considered functions of a bill of lading?

 receipt for the goods, issued by the carrier

evidence of the terms and conditions of contract of carriage

duplicate of the true contract of cariage

document of title for the goods, proving the ownership

 1136) Which of the below documents are used for drawing up bills of lading for bulk cargoes?

tally reports

draft survey reports

Mate's receipts

preloading survey reports

 1137) What do you understand by a 'bearer' Bill of lading?

A 'bearer' bill of lading is a bill of lading that has the words 'to bearer' or 'to holder' in the
consignee space or after indorsment
A 'bearer' bill of lading can be a bill of lading stating that the goods are consigned to a specified
person and the bearer can take delivery of the cargo
A 'bearer' bill of lading is a bill of lading issued to order of a not named or named entity (bank,
consignee, shipper) which can give orders for delivery to third party
A 'bearer' bill of lading can be a bill of lading with consignee space left blank and in this
way can pass from hand to hand

 1138) Which of the below statements are correct in respect of Bill's of lading function as a receipt for the
goods loaded or received for shipment?
Bill of lading is conclusive evidence that cargo has been shipped on board or received for
shipment in the quantity and condition stated therein if the bill of lading is in the hands of the
shippers
Bill of lading is prima facie evidence that cargo has been shipped on board or received
for shipment in the quantity and condition stated therein if the bill of lading is in the
 hands of the shippers
Bill of lading is conclusive evidence that cargo has been shipped on board or received
for shipment in the quantity and condition stated therein if the bill of lading is in the
hands of a bone fide third party
Bill of lading is prima facie evidence that cargo has been shipped on board or received for
shipment in the quantity and condition stated therein if the bill of lading is in the hands of a bona
fide third party

 1139) According to Hamburg rules the carrier is entitled to carry cargo on deck

if such carriage is in accordance with an agreement with the shipper

if it is clearly mentioned on the bill of lading that cargo is carried on deck

if such carriage is required by statutory rules or regulations

if such carriage is in accordance with the usage of the particular trade

 1140) Based on how the box 'consignee' of a bill of lading is filled in, bills of lading can be classified as:

Bearer Bills of Lading

Order Bills of Lading

Straight Bills of Lading

Liner Bills of Lading

 1141) Which of the below expressions, related to freight payment, are acceptable in a bill of lading?

Freight prepaid

Freight payable as per Charterparty

Freight collect

Freight pre payable

 1142) Which of the below expressions, related to freight payment, are acceptable in a bill of lading?
 Freight paid

Freight payable at destination

Freight to be paid

Freight payable after delivery

 1143) In a nutshell, what are the carrier's basic obligations under the Hague Visby rules?

to exercise due diligence to make the ship seaworthy

to properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and discharge the cargo

to present for loading a seaworthy ship and in every way fit for the voyage
to issue, on demand of the shipper, a bill of Lading after receiving the goods into his
charge

 1144) Which of the below clauses can transform a bill of lading for steel cargoes into a 'foul bill of lading'

10 bundles missing

weight unknown

cargo rust stained

condition unknown

 1145) A bill of lading can accomplish his fuction of document of title if the carrier

accurately describe the quantity and condition of the cargo on loading

guarantee that the cargo will be delivered in the same condition as on loading

deliver the cargo without delay

do not deliver the cargo without presentation of original bill of lading

 1146) When assessing the condition of the cargo the master should be concerned of

quality of the cargo

condition of packing

external condition of the cargo

condition of the cargo inside packs

 1147) Endorsement of a Bill of lading can be made:

 In blank

In empty

In full

In black

 1148) Hague Visby rules apply if

Bills of lading is issued in a country where Hague Visby rules have been ratified

Cargo is discharged in a country where Hague Visby rules have been ratified

Paramount clause is incorporated into Bill of Lading

Cargo is loaded from country where Hague Visby rules have been ratified

 1149) Where the Hague Visby Rules apply, the carrier must before and at the beginning of the voyage
exercise due diligence to:
make the ship seaworthy

properly lash the cargo loaded on deck

make all parts of the ship in which goods are carried fit and safe for their reception,
carriage and preservation
properly man, equip and supply the ship

 1150) Which of the below can be considered carriers' responsabilities before and at the beginning of the
voyage according to Hague Rules?
to exercise due diligence to make the ship seaworthy

to make the ship seaworthy and prepare her for the voyage

to exercise due diligence to properly man, equip and supply the ship

to select with great care the crew, equipments and all suplies for the voyage
 1151) Acording to Hague Rules, the carrier is discharged from all liability in respect of loss or damage to the
cargo
unless suit is brought within one year after delivery of the goods

unless claim is made within one year after delivery of the goods

unless suit is brought within one year after discharge of the goods
unless suit is brought within one year after date when the goods should have been
delivered

 1152) Hague rules do NOT apply

 when carriage is covered by a charteparty bill of lading

when carriage is covered by a charterparty

when carriage is covered by a seawaybill

when carriage is covered by a bill of lading

 1153) Under certain circumstances, Hague rules do not apply

to ordinary commercial shipments made in the ordinary course of trade and where there is no
justification for any special agreement
where the character or condition of the property to be carried are such as reasonably to
justify a special agreement
where the circumstances, terms and conditions under which the carriage is to be
performed are such as reasonably to justify a special agreement
where the both the character of the property and circumstances under which the carriage is to be
performed do not justify a special agreement

 1154) Hague rules do NOT apply

to carriage of goods by road

to carriage of goods by rail

to carriage of goods by sea

to carriage of goods by river

 1155) Acording to Hamburg rules, the carrier is not entitled to the benefit of the limitation of liability if it is
proved that the loss, damage or delay in delivery of the cargo
resulted from an act or omission of the carrier done with the intent to cause such loss,
damage or delay
resulted from negligence or omission of the carrier or his servants done without intent to cause
such loss, damage or delay
resulted from an act or omission of the carrier done without knowledge that such loss, damage or
delay would probably result
resulted from an act or omission of the carrier done with knowledge that such loss,
damage or delay would probably result

 1156) What are the three internationally agreed rules defining the basic contractual obligations, right and
immunities of sea carriers and cargo shippers where a Bill of Lading or Sea Waybill is issued?
Hague Rules

Hague Visby Rules

York Antwerp Rules

 Hamburg Rules

 1157) In a nutshell, what three things do the carrier's rights and immunities under the hague Visby rules
concern?
carriers exceptions to liabilities

carriers right in respect of dangerous goods

carriers right in respect of deck cargo

carriers right to deviate

 1158) The Hague Visby Rules will not normally cover cargo shipped on deck. Under what circumstances
will the Hague Visby rules cover a deck cargo?
If cargo is stowed on deck and Bill of Lading is clearly mentioning that cargo is stowed on deck

If cargo which should have been stowed under deck is stowed on deck
If a bill of lading in respect of cargo which should have been shipped on deck does not
clearly mention the deck carriage on its face
If that type of cargo is usually carried on deck and Bill of Lading in clearly mentioning that cargo
is stowed on deck

 1159) Which of below standard form of bills of lading are usually used in multimodal transportation?

CONLINEBILL'

any bill of lading

COMBIDOC

CONGENBILL

 1160) Under the Hague Visby Rules the carrier or the ship will NOT be responsible for loss or damage
arising from:
act, neglect or default of the carrier, master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in
navigation or management of the ship
act, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in
navigation or management of the ship
act, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or
management of the cargo
saving or atempting to save life or property at sea
 1161) Under the Hague Visby Rules the carrier or the ship will NOT be responsible for loss or damage
arising from:
act, neglect or default of the carrier, master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in
navigation or management of the ship
 fire, even if caused by actual fault or privity of the carrier

dangers and accidents of the sea or other navigable waters

insufficiency or inadequacy of the marks

 1162) Under the Hague Visby Rules the carrier or the ship will not be responsible for loss or damage arising
from:
act, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or
management of the cargo
act of public enemies

quarantine regulations
act, neglect or default of the carrier, master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in
navigation or management of the ship

 1163) In case a cargo is transported from port A, via port C, to port B and providing all ports are situated in
different countries and all countries have ratified Hague-Visby Rule then:
Hague - Visby rules apply continously from port A to port B
Hague-Visby Rules apply if carriage from port A to port B is covered by only one bill of
lading
Hague-Visby Rules apply even if carriage from port A to port B is covered by two ladings bills of
lading
Hague-Visby rules do no apply while cargo is in transit in port C if carriage is covered by
two bills of lading

 1164) How may a bill of lading be considered a receipt for freight?

if bill of lading is marked 'freight prepaid'

if bill of lading is marked 'freight paid'

if bill of lading is marked 'freight prepayable'

if bill of lading is marked 'freight collect'

 1165) Which of below remarks should be used in a bill of lading contain if cargo has been shipped on deck?

shipped on deck at shippers' risks

carriers' right to load cargo on deck

carried on deck without liability to carrier for loss or damage, howsoever caused

cargo can be loaded on deck at shippers' risk

 1166) According to Hague Visby Rules the carrier is entitled to deviate from the usual route

for saving life or property at sea

for attempting to save life or property at sea

for any reasonable purpose

for any kind of repairs

 1167) Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for demise chartering?

Texacodemise

Baltime

Barecon

Shelldemise

 1168) Which of the ship's expenses mentioned below are covered by the time charterer?

P&I insurance premiums

bunker expenses

port expenses

H&M insurance premiums

 1169) When a vessel is delivered into a time charter contract one of the objectives of 'on-hire' survey is to
determine the quantity of bunker on board at delivery time due to the fact that
it is important to know if vessel has enough bunker up to next usual bunkering place

it is always good to know what bunker the vessel has on board at beginning of a voyage

vessel has to be redelivered with almost same quantity of bunker as on delivery

bunker used from delivery time is for charterers' account

 1170) A vessel employed into a time charter contract is considered off-hire if

vessel proceed to shelter due to bad weather

ship's cranes are out of order and they are required for loading

on sailing vessel has no chief mate and she is not allowed to sail

repairs at main engine are carried out during loading operation

 1171) How long may the hire period be under a time charter?

 for just a single voyage

for several voyages

a period of months or even years

only for minimum 3 years

 1172) For a vessel under time charter, commercial activities for which master should follow charterers
instructions include
voyage orders

sending messages to various parties involved

issuing bills of lading

change of incompentent crew

 1173) The aims of an on-hire survey are to determine

the quality of bunker on delivery

that holds/tanks are fit for commencement of loading

the level of maintenance of machinery and equipments

the general condition of the vesssel

 1174) Which of the below are standard time charter forms?

Baltime

NYPE

Coaltime

Linertime

 1175) What are the main groups of ship costs?

capital costs

running costs

voyage costs

variable costs

 1176) Which of below can be considered particularities of liner navigation?

 service consists in repeated sailings at regular intervals between the same designaed ports

freight rates vary in the same manner like stocks and bonds change prices in the security markets

loading and discharging costs are usually included in the freight

procurement of cargo is handled through brokers who represent the shipowners

 1177) What ship costs can be classified as capital costs?

purchase costs

leasing charges

interest charges

insurance charges

 1178) What ship costs can be classified as operating costs?

drydocking and survey

repairs and maintenance

insurance premiums

costs of bunker fuel

 1179) What ship costs can be classified as operating costs?

crewing

water and lube oil

provisions and stores

heavy fuel

 1180) What ship costs can be classified as voyage costs?

canal tools

port charges

P&I insurance

water and lube oil

1181) What ship costs can be clasified as voyage costs?

pilotage

towage
 repairs during the voyage

berth charges

 1182) What types of carriers are on the shipping market?

liner carriers

common carriers

private carriers

tramp carriers

 1183) Which of below can be considered particularities of tramp navigation?

service consists in repeated sailings at regular intervals between the same designated ports
freight rates vary in the same manner like stocks and bonds change prices in the security
markets
loading and discharging costs are usually included in the freight

procurement of cargo is handled through brokers who represent the shipowners

 1184) What are the functions of the 'P & I' clubs?

To insure owners against third party liabilities

To insure cargo against theft and damage

To protect ship's personnel against sickness, injury, death or disability

To protect owners against a total loss

 1185) What is the extent of a 'P & I' club's cover?

Complete coverage for any & all claims, within the limitation amounts specified in the policy

Most clubs are prepared to provide a range of cover to suit an owner's particular needs
P & I club cover is generally limited to personal injury and death claims only. Very limited cover may be
incl. for cargo damage & pollution
P & I club cover is very selective and only available to those owners considered prudent. Owners with
poor records are not accepted

 1186) What documents and information will be required from a ship when filing an insurance claim?
As much as possible including deck & engine logs, master & c/e reports, letters of protest,
surveyors report, repair receipts etc
 Underwriters only need log books & the master's or chief engineer's report, together with photographs of
the damage
Underwriters will require nothing from ship, but will decide claim solely on their surveyor's report
Nothing required directly from ship. Such claims usually settled at meeting in owner's office on the
principle of 'Utmost good faith'

 1187) In the event of a 'Hull and Machinery' claim, who is appointed to investigate, and report?

The master, being on the spot, is the most likely to be appointed

The underwriters will appoint a surveyor of their choice, to ascertain the nature, cause and
extent of the damage
An average adjuster will be appointed, to investigate and report to the underwriters

The harbour master, being an impartial person, is most likely to be asked by underwriters to investigate

 1188) How should the master treat cargo claim surveyors who are 'LOOKING FOR EVIDENCE?'
He should give them a free hand by letting them they go wherever they please and let them interview
anyone onboard
He should be stiff and reticent in the belief that such surveyors are trying to pin responsibility for any
damage on the owner
He should invite them into his cabin, ply them with drinks and during the conversation do his utmost to
convince them to see things his way
He should receive them courteously, but ensure they are accompanied by an Officer wherever
they go

 1189) What is the function of an 'AVERAGE ADJUSTER?'

To determine who is responsible for the loss on which the claim being made

To protect the interests of the charterer to the best of their ability

To assess the proportion of compensation paid to various interested parties in the event of a total loss

To adjust General Average

 1190) What is the limit of cover, the 'P & I club' will accept for an oil pollution incident?

They will not provide any cover at all

There is no limit on the amount of cover they will provide

At present, for any one incident, the coverage is limited to US $500million

Coverage is limited to US $100million

1191) How do 'P & I' clubs provide advice to owners at far distant ports?

By telex, fax or telephone instructions

 By flying a representative out from the home office

Through their nearest correspondent from their book of correspondents

Through a local marine lawyer or surveyor

 1192) Which insurance coverage protects an owner against 'COLLISION LIABILITY'?

The P & I club

The owner's hull and machinery policy

The owners have the choice of which insurer to claim from

There is no coverage from own damage losses, as a result of a collision

 1193) What sort of personal injury cover do 'P & I' clubs provide?

They only cover sickness & injury to the ship's crew. Repatriation & replacement costs are not included
The clubs generally cover all legal liabilities connected to all personnel for injury & death from non-work
related illnesses
Coverage is provided for medical treatment, repatriation & replacement plus whatever was
stipulated in employment contract
Claims for personal injury must be work related & confined to crew. Civilians injured whilst conducting
business on board are not covered

 1194) What does ' P & I ' mean in the context of maritime business?

Protection and Identification

Particular and Individual

Protection and Indemnity

Partnership and Industry

 1195) What perils are excluded from hull and machinery cover?

There are no exclusions

Negligence of master, officers, crew and pilots

Unlawful acts willfully committed by the master, officers or crew, to the prejudice of the owners

War zone, strikes and malicious acts

 1196) What is a 'DEDUCTIBLE' in the context of marine insurance?

 A negotiated amount that the owner undertakes to self-insure against

Amounts that the insurers impose as a penalty for not filing a claim within three months

An item which insurers are not prepared to arrange coverage for

A reduction insurers grant to owners with consistent good performance

 1197) When is a vessel considered to be a 'TOTAL LOSS'?

When it is no longer able to trade without incurring major machinery breakdowns or repeated cargo
equipment failure
When it is missing or when cost of repair exceeds value

When there has been no communication with the vessel for more than a week

When it is seriously damaged as a result of a collision and can only be repaired in a drydock

 1198) When should the master send 'A LETTER OF PROTEST'?

Whenever he is in doubt about the credibility and attention of the agent

Whenever he considers the demands of the crew are excessive and unreasonable
Whenever there is a discrepancy between the ship's & shore cargo figures / when he considers
the berthing arrangements unsafe & inadequate etc
Whenever he is not happy with the performance of the ship and its crew. Also, when he is unhappy with
its voyage routes and cargo to load

 1199) What is a 'LETTER OF PROTEST'?

It is a written communication to convey dissatisfaction by one party concerning an operational
matter controlled by the recipient
A written communication from the charterer to the owner, about the unprofessional behaviour of the
master and his crew
A written complaint from the master to the owner, criticising what he considers to be unreasonable
demands from the charterer
A written protest from a crew member to the master clearly stating he does not agree with the
disciplinary action taken against him

 1200) What are the York-Antwerp rules?

Rules incorporated into national law, that are voluntarily and naturally accepted by shippers,
shipowners, and insurers
Rules set up to determine who is responsible for losses, as a result of General Average

Rules drawn up by a number of maritime countries to enable the assessment of General Average

Rules which are not usually incorporated into the contract of carriage

 1201) What are an insurer's 'LIABILITIES AND EXCLUSIONS' in the context of marine insurance?
 An insurer is liable for anything that may happen, and excluded from nothing
An insurer is liable only for losses caused by peril, but excluded for losses attributable to the master and
the crew
An insurer is liable for items such wear and tear, machinery breakdown and infestation, but is not liable
for grounding or weather delays
An insurer is liable for any loss or peril insured against, but not liable for any loss caused by
perils not insured against

 1202) What is considered as 'Negligence' on the part of the master, in the context of marine insurance?

When he fails to take over on the Bridge, when making a landfall, or on departure until clear of land
When the master fails to enter his instructions, for safe navigation, in the night order book, each evening
before retiring
When the master fails to develop a 'first name' relationship with his Officers, thereby failing to establish a
responsible attitude from them
Negligence occurs when a master fails to do something he is expected to do, or when he does
something a prudent master would not do

 1203) What is a 'BILL OF LADING '?

It is a form of receipt, signed by the master confirming that goods described have been delivered
to his custody & loaded onto his ship
It is a notice to the master that the goods described will be delivered & loaded
It is a simple form notifying the master on what time, date and place the goods described will be
delivered for loading
It is a document signed & issued by the shipper, clearly stating that the goods have been delivered &
loaded

 1204) What constitutes a 'Port of Refuge'?

Any port made for when the master considers it unsafe for the vessel to continue her voyage

The closest port available that the master heads for with the imminent approach of bad weather

A port that allows the master to off-load refugees or boat people without any restrictions

A port the master heads for when he believes he cannot make it to his scheduled destination

 1205) What is the principle of General Average?

Any expense incurred in saving the ship (and cargo) from a perilous position is wholly for the account of
the buyer of the cargo
As General Average is a partial loss because of a deliberate act by the master, then it follows that the
owners must bear the cost of the loss
The principle of GA is that which has been sacrificed for the benefit of all, shall be made good by
the contribution of all
 The charterers are liable to all other parties for any losses sustained, as a result of General Average

 1206) What constitutes an 'ACT OF SALVAGE'?

When you find something valuable in the sea & retrieve it, it now belongs to you

The process of saving part of the ship, when it is in imminent danger of being completely lost

Any act or activity undertaken to assist a ship or other property, that is in danger of being lost
Salvage is the act of saving a ship in imminent danger of sinking, whether requested to assist or not. If
saved, ship now belongs to salvor

 1207) What does 'OPA 90' mean?

Offshore Petroleum Act of 1990

Oil Pollution Act of 1990

Offshore Pollution Amendment of 1990

Onboard Protective Authorisation of 1990

 1208) What penalties can be imposed for breaching the 'COLLISION REGULATIONS'?

There are no specific penalties, because it has not been possible to get all states to agree to the
'COLREG CONVENTION OF 1972'
After a brief marine inquiry, it is customary to impose a small fine

Collisions at sea are regarded as human errors that are not intentional and so there are no penalties

It depends on the courts; they have powers to impose heavy fines and imprisonment

 1209) What is an 'OUTWARD CLEARANCE ', and how is it obtained?

It is a routine document that an agent is authorised to issue once cargo operations are completed and
ship is ready to sail
It must be obtained from customs by the agent on behalf of the master. It requires submitting
various pertinent ship's documents
Outward clearance is issued by Customs when the ship is being entered in. It requires the payment of a
small fee but nothing else
The shippers issue it or stevedores once all cargo is loaded or discharged, and all dues for services
rendered have been paid

 1210) What sort of working 'relationship' should the Master have with the Pilot?
After welcoming him on board and advising him on the ship's details, the master should hand over
complete control to the pilot
 Treat the pilot merely as an adviser. The master should remain on the bridge on short pilotages
and instruct officers on long pilotages
Observe the pilot's actions very closely and interfere frequently when he doesn't agree with the pilot's
orders
Once he boards, the master may leave the bridge in the hands of the pilot

 1211) What is a Lloyds Open Form 95 (LOF 95)?

An agreement between master and salvor that must be formally executed, before salvage operation can
commence
It is an open agreement, clearly stating a salvor is only entitled to be compensated or retain that which
he saves undamaged
An agreement to which the master gives his written consent before salvage operations can begin
An agreement between the master and salvor. It is a no cure, no pay agreement, which is fair to
all parties involved

 1212) In relation to the ISM code, what is the function of the 'DESIGNATED PERSON'?

This is just a alternative title for the master

The person with a direct link between management & the ship. He assumes responsibility in the
event of an incident
The person appointed by the company to visit all fleet ships regularly, and check SMS systems are in
place
The person ordered by owner to visit the ship unannounced, and to report back his findings

 1213) What does 'SOLAS' stand for?

Safe official lifeboat appliance signals

Save our lives and ship

Safety of life at sea

Safe orderly lifesaving appliance system

 1214) What is a 'SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM' designed to accomplish?

To require a company to ensure its systems and procedures are documented and all operations
are carried out according to these procedures
To force companies to hire only experienced officers & crew
To require a company to give assurances to P & I Clubs and Classification Societies that they have a
safety management system installed
SMS is just another creation of bureaucrats who think they know more than experienced owners. The
latter can decide for themselves to use it or not

 1215) What is 'MARPOL'?
 A marine police authority

A marine policy

A marine pollution convention

A mariner's policy for cleaner seas

 1216) What are the objectives of the ' ISM ' code?

To force all ship owners to apply minimum standards to both their ships and their crews
To ensure safety, avoid damage to environment, apply international safety standards for
operating ships
To eliminate FOC & 2nd registers
To give authorisation to bodies such as port state control, to detain substandard ships with substandard
crew

 1217) What does ' ISM ' mean?

International Safety Management

International Safety Method

International Shipping Magazines

International Ship Manoeuvres

 1218) What are seen as the benefits of 'FOC' registration?

There are no real benefits. It simply allows an owner the right to register outside his country

More flexibility, allowing the owner to trade wherever he wants, without restriction

Lower taxes and registration fees; also allowing the engagement of crews of different nationality

It allows an owner to operate his ships, without any form of insurance cover

 1219) What is a 'SECOND REGISTER'?

A system of dual registration, as applied to some bareboat charter agreements

The system used to change the Registry of a vessel, on a long-term time charter

A system that allows owners to change Register, when trading their vessels in politically sensitive areas
An alternate register of a sovereign state that allows an owner the right to use crew of a different
nationality
 1220) What does ' FOC ' mean?

For Our Convenience

Flag of Convenience

Foreign Officers' Club

Final Official Convention

 1221) What is ' INTERNATIONAL MARITIME LAW'?

Law recognised by P & I clubs and other insurers when settling claims

Law that is only applicable to collisions and other violations of the rules of the road
There is no such thing, as it has never been possible to get multiple sovereign states to a agree to a
common ground
Law regulating relations between sovereign states, detailing their rights and duties to each
other

 1222) What do the letters ' IMO ' stand for?

International Merchandise Organisation

Implementing Maritime Order

Investigating Marine Organisation

International Maritime Organization

 1223) What does ' ILO ' stand for?

International Labour Organisation

Intermediate Lifeboat Operation

International Labour Operation

Inoperative Lighter Overload

 1224) What does 'STCW ' mean?

Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping

Standard training and conditions of work

Standard training in conventional workplaces

Safe training certificates for the workplace

 1225) What does ' DDP ' mean in the context of cargo?

 Departure Date Pre-agreed

Delivery Day Pre-agreed

Delivered Duty Paid

Duty Due Paid

 1226) What is a 'LETTER OF INDEMNITY' presented with a Bill of Lading?

It is a letter clearing the shipper of any responsibility for damage to cargo enroute to destination
It is a letter offered to the master to sign 'clean bills of lading' even though he knows the goods
are defective. The master should not accept it
It is a letter absolving the ship from any blame for damaged goods at the discharge port
It is a letter clearly stating that receiver will accept full responsibility for damage to cargo at time of
discharge

 1227) What does ' CIP ' mean in the context of cargoes?

Carriage and insurance paid

Cargo in part

Cargo insurance payment

Claim insurance policy

 1228) What does ' CPT ' mean in the context of cargo?

Cost paid at terminal

Carriage paid toll

Container port terminal

Carriage paid to

 1229) What does ' CIF ' mean in the context of cargo?

Carriage in full

Cost information facility

Cost, insurance and freight

Covered in full

 1230) What does 'C & F' mean in the context of cargo?

 Call for resources

Cost and freight

Container freight

Carrier for research

 1231) What does ' FOB ' mean in the context of cargo?

For Overseas Bulk

For Owner's Bank

Free On Board

First On Board

 1232) What does ' FAS ' mean in the context of cargo?

Free alongside ship

For all ships

From any source

For all systems

 1233) What 'deviations' does a Charterer consider justifiable?

None. A ship that deviates for whatever cause automatically goes off-hire

When the remaining bunkers are not sufficient to make it to the designated voyage port

When the crew's provisions are not sufficient to make it to the designated voyage port

When made to save life or avoid an imminent danger

 1234) What sort of agreement exists between the master and the crew?

A formal agreement required by the rules of the ship's flag state that the entire crew must sign
An agreement the master requires the crew to sign as the owner's representative. A letter of
appointment covers the master himself
It is just a kind of logbook in which the master records the signing on and off of crew

A crew agreement no longer involves the ship owner, as his agent shall attend to such matters

 1235) What does the term 'DISPATCH' mean with reference to cargoes?

The time and date a vessel departs or is dispatched, to commence a voyage

 The term used to describe a voyage that has taken less time than estimated
When loading or discharge is completed in less time than laytime allows, owners are required to
pay a 'Reward' or dispatch, to the charterer
The time a chartered ship completes loading or discharge on time, and departs or is dispatched to its
next port

 1236) When is the 'CHARTER HIRE' of a time chartered vessel paid?

It is paid in advance for the entire period of the agreed charter

It is paid at the end of each voyage

It is usually paid every 15 or 30 days, in advance, after deduction of the broker's commission
It is only paid upon completion of the entire charter period, after deduction of specified expenses such
as broker's commission

 1237) What is a 'BAREBOAT CHARTER'?

When a ship is delivered to the charterer without stores, provisions, and bunkers

It is a charter for an agreed period

It is the charter of a ship that has no cargo handling equipment

It is the charter of a ship whose cargo holds are empty

 1238) When can a vessel be declared as 'OFF-HIRE'?

Once the vessel becomes unavailable to the charterer, due to machinery, crew strikes, hull
damage or drydocking
When a vessel is between charters and is in the market looking for employment, then it is off-hire
At anytime it is not possible to work cargo such as weekends, holidays, bad weather, and delay in
delivery of cargo etc
Anytime the owners and charterers have a disagreement then the ship goes off-hire until they resolve
their differences

 1239) When is a ship deemed to be 'SEAWORTHY' for charter purposes?

At anytime it is able to proceed to sea, regardless of any defects

As long as the master believes his vessel to be seaworthy then it is seaworthy, and nobody can dispute
this
Once all its certificates are in order, and all its crew are considered competent, then a vessel is deemed
to be seaworthy
A ship is deemed to be 'Seaworthy' when she is reasonably fit in all respects, to encounter the
ordinary perils of the sea, of the adventure insured
 1240) When does 'Laytime' start on a voyage charter?

Immediately after the charter party has been agreed

Immediately after the vessel arrives at the loading port

When Notice of Readiness has been sent meaning that the ship is ready to load

Once the vessel is secured alongside, with the gangway down, at the loading port

 1241) What should the correct working relationship between the Master and the Charterer be?

The master, as the servant of the owner has no direct dealings with the charterer
The master is always subject to charterer's orders, regarding the ship's employment and agency
matters
The master can decide on his own, as to whether or not he should follow orders coming from the
charterer, or the charterer's agent
Neither the master or his Officers need concern themselves over complaints made against them by
charterers to owners

 1242) What does the term 'RE- DELIVERY' mean with reference to charters?

It simply refers to the return of the vessel to the owners, upon completion of the charter hire
It means returning cargo found to be damaged or in poor condition, to the shippers, at the charterer's
expense
It is the term used for the redelivery of any excess bunkers remaining upon completion of the charter, to
the latter or his agent
In general, it is the term used requiring charterers to redeliver the ship in the 'same good order'
as delivered, fair wear and tear excepted

 1243) When can an owner place a 'LIEN' on a cargo?

When he changes his mind about what he considers as unfair conditions, in the charter party

When the master considers that the charterer's agent is excessively demanding and unreasonable
When the owner believes that the charterer is paying him less freight, than similar ships of age and class
are receiving
When freight is owing or unpaid on any part of the cargo at the destination, then a common law
lien is allowed on the unpaid freight

 1244) What is the prime function of a Bill of Lading?

To form a part of the master's records, of cargo loaded onto his ship
It is a receipt for goods received for shipment, and loaded onboard. Possession of the original is
proof the holder is the owner of the cargo
It is a receipt, issued by the shipper, stating the goods delivered are correct in quantity and are in good
order
It serves as a clearance from Customs, to allow the goods described to be loaded or discharged
 1245) What is 'DEMURRAGE'?
Damages payable by the charterer to the owner, when the laytime has expired and the vessel is
still not completely loaded or discharged
Damages payable by the owner to the harbour authorities, for occupying a berth for a period longer than
the stipulated laytime
The number of days that must elapse, after the laytime has expired, before the owner can claim
damages from the charterer
The term used when a chartered ship completes loading or discharge in less time than the laytime

 1246) What is a 'NOTICE OF READINESS'?

Notice given by the owner to the charterer, that his vessel has arrived and is ready to commence loading
or discharging
Notice given by the master to the harbour master, that his ship is ready in all respects to commence
loading or discharging
Notice from the master to the charterer's agent, that the vessel is ready in all respects to
commence loading or discharging
Notice given by the master to the owner's agent that his vessel is ready to commence loading or
discharging

 1247) What is the 'CANCELLATION DATE' with reference to charters?

The date stipulated in the charter party, by which either party may give notice to cancel the charter
The date beyond which, if the vessel is not presented for loading, the charterers may reject the
vessel
The date the charter party expires
The date by which the owner may serve notice of cancellation, if a better employment opportunity
presents itself

 1248) What is 'Laytime?'
Days allowed by the charterer to the owner for loading/discharging, without incurring demurrage
charges
Designated rest days during the loading or discharging, such as weekends / holidays

The time the vessel waits at anchor, pending the acceptance of the tendered 'Notice of Readiness'

Days a vessel is declared off-hire regardless of reason

 1249) What are 'Laydays'?

Days when a vessel is not employed

Days allowed by a charter party for loading and discharging a vessel

 Days the charterer allows the vessel to prepare for loading, after arrival at the loading port

Days allowed for the voyage, from the loading port to the discharge port

 1250) What is a 'CHARTER'?

A term used to describe any voyage, from loading port to discharge

A contract for the hire of a ship for a voyage or series of voyages, or for the carriage of a specific
quantity of cargo on a number of voyages
A specific period in the life of a ship, that describes its employment history

The lease of a ship by a third party, whereby the charterer assumes the rights of ownership

1251) What are the 'HAMBURG RULES'?

Rules that are essentially the same as the Hague-Visby rules, but more preferred by shipowners
because of their precise conditions
Rules that only apply to vessels of German Registry or ownership
Rules that clearly state that the carrier is liable from time of acceptance and that he is not
exonerated from negligence in navigation etc
Rules created at the request of carriers, who protested that existing rules provided too much protection to
the shippers

 1252) What is a 'DIRTY BILL OF LADING'?

It is a bill of lading presented by a suspicious shipper, known to deal in contraband goods

It is simply a bill of lading that has become soiled by dropping it or some such, thereby making it difficult
to read
It is a claused or foul bill of lading that has doubting remarks written on it by the master about the
cargo loaded
It is a bill of lading used for dirty or foul smelling cargo, such as animal hides

 1253) What is 'FREIGHT'?

The remuneration payable by the charterers to owners, for the carriage of the goods

The amount of cargo the named ship in the charter party is required to load

The deadweight displacement of the ship and the basis for calculating port dues

The remuneration payable in advance by charterers to owner, before loading is allowed to commence